US20020091110A1 - Dietary compositions - Google Patents
Dietary compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020091110A1 US20020091110A1 US10/042,990 US4299002A US2002091110A1 US 20020091110 A1 US20020091110 A1 US 20020091110A1 US 4299002 A US4299002 A US 4299002A US 2002091110 A1 US2002091110 A1 US 2002091110A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mammal
- administered
- dietary composition
- phytoestrogen
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000007882 dietary composition Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003075 phytoestrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003098 androgen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009806 oophorectomy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000009245 menopause Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Daidzein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC=C2C1=O ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-CMWLGVBASA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007240 daidzein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000006539 genistein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N genistein Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O TZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940045109 genistein Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 resorcylic acid lactone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diol;(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O.C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZZIALNLLNHEQPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumestrol Natural products C1=C(O)C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C1=C2OC2=CC(O)=CC=C12 ZZIALNLLNHEQPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- GMTUGPYJRUMVTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Daidzin Natural products OC(COc1ccc2C(=O)C(=COc2c1)c3ccc(O)cc3)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O GMTUGPYJRUMVTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KYQZWONCHDNPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Daidzoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 KYQZWONCHDNPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-FZHKGVQDSA-N Genistein 7-O-glucoside Natural products O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)c1cc(O)c2C(=O)C(c3ccc(O)cc3)=COc2c1 ZCOLJUOHXJRHDI-FZHKGVQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CJPNHKPXZYYCME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Genistin Natural products OCC1OC(Oc2ccc(O)c3OC(=CC(=O)c23)c4ccc(O)cc4)C(O)C(O)C1O CJPNHKPXZYYCME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YCUNGEJJOMKCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pallidiflorin Natural products C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=COC2=CC=CC(O)=C2C1=O YCUNGEJJOMKCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- KYQZWONCHDNPDP-QNDFHXLGSA-N daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)=COC2=C1 KYQZWONCHDNPDP-QNDFHXLGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- UIAFKZKHHVMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-resorcylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1O UIAFKZKHHVMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930016834 coumestan Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Natural products C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C1=COC2=C(C=CC(C)(C)O3)C3=C(OC)C=C2C1=O CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008696 isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930013686 lignan Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009408 lignans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005692 lignans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JBIZUYWOIKFETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumestan Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(C=CC=C1)=C1OC2=O JBIZUYWOIKFETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GOMNOOKGLZYEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Chemical compound C=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GOMNOOKGLZYEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 21
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 9
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 5
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940071440 soy protein isolate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWCMVXMQHSVIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aglycone of yadanzioside D Natural products COC(=O)C12OCC34C(CC5C(=CC(O)C(O)C5(C)C3C(O)C1O)C)OC(=O)C(OC(=O)C)C24 TWCMVXMQHSVIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PLMKQQMDOMTZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Astrantiagenin E-methylester Natural products CC12CCC(O)C(C)(CO)C1CCC1(C)C2CC=C2C3CC(C)(C)CCC3(C(=O)OC)CCC21C PLMKQQMDOMTZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 3
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001076 estrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PFOARMALXZGCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N homoegonol Natural products C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC(CCCO)=CC(OC)=C2O1 PFOARMALXZGCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resveratrol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(C=CC=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016785 Rosa della China Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/168—Steroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/184—Hormones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
- A23L33/11—Plant sterols or derivatives thereof, e.g. phytosterols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
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- A61K31/365—Lactones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/366—Lactones having six-membered rings, e.g. delta-lactones
- A61K31/37—Coumarins, e.g. psoralen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to dietary compositions, particularly for mammals, including humans, dogs, cats and horses, and to methods for reducing weight gain normally incurred in mammals subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause.
- compositions and methods which overcome disadvantages of the prior art. It is a more specific object of the invention to provide dietary compositions and methods, particularly for mammals, which reduce weight gain normally incurred in mammals subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause. It is a further object of the invention to provide compositions and methods which may be easily employed by humans and with other mammals, including dogs, cats and horses.
- the dietary compositions according to the present invention are particularly suitable for consumption by mammals and comprise a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or in a post menopausal phase, when the dietary composition is administered on a daily or otherwise regular basis.
- the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof.
- the methods according to the present invention are directed to reducing weight gain normally occurring in a mammal subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause.
- These methods comprise administering to the mammal on a daily or otherwise regular basis a dietary composition comprising a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, when the dietary composition is administered on a daily or otherwise regular basis.
- the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof.
- the dietary compositions according to the present invention are suitable for consumption by mammals and are intended to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, particularly when the dietary composition is administered on a daily or otherwise regular basis.
- the compositions comprise a food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen, or a mixture thereof.
- the estrogen and androgen which are suitable for use in the compositions and methods of the present invention may be obtained or derived from any natural or synthetic source which exhibits estrogenic or androgenic activity, respectively.
- phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof is employed.
- the phytoestrogen and phytoandrogen preferred for use in the present compositions may be derived from various plants.
- Preferred plant sources of phytoestrogen comprise soybean, or its isolated products, eg., soy protein isolate or soy hypocotyls, and flax seed, or its isolated products, eg., flax protein isolate, although other plants such as red clover and other clovers, alfalfa, barrel medic, chickpeas, lentils, beans, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and/or grapes may be employed.
- phytoandrogens may be found in sources such as Serenoa repens, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Brosimum rubescens, Striga orobanchioides, and Azadurachta indica. These examples are illustrative only and do not constitute a complete list.
- phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen sources may be employed in the dietary compositions and methods of the present invention.
- the phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen are derived from soy beans, or flax seeds.
- phytoestrogen compounds suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, resorcylic acid lactones, and mixtures thereof.
- Daidzein, genistein and coumesterol are particularly preferred sources of phytoestrogen for use in the dietary compositions of the present invention.
- Other preferred sources are formononetin, genistin, daidzin, ononin, sissotrin, resveratrol and biochanin A.
- glycosides such as daidzin and genistin convert to the aglycone compounds, daidzein and genistein, upon fermentation.
- the estrogen or androgen may be derived from fungal, microbial and other naturally occurring sources exhibiting estrogenic or adrogenic activity, respectively, or these components may be synthetically derived in accordance with methods known in the art.
- the conversion of an isoflavone glycoside to the aglycone form by fermentation is a preferred example of synthetically derived components.
- the food base with which the estrogen and/or androgen are combined may comprise any suitable food component including, but not limited to, a food of animal origin, for example, meat or a milk product, or of plant origin, including a cereal, for example oat or bran, a starch, mono, di, poly or oligosaccharides, an oil meal, or other cellulosic material, or mixtures thereof. Selection of a specific food base for use in the compositions of the present invention will depend, in part, on the type of dietary composition which is desired.
- the food base may conveniently comprise a milk product, a cereal product or the like to be administered alone or as an additive in connection with other types of foods, for example as a sauce, dressing, powder or the like.
- the dietary composition for administering to pets such as dogs and/or cats, may be provided in the form of a biscuit or other treat, or in the form of a complete and balanced food.
- the form of dietary composition i.e., main component or additive, which is selected will also influence the amount of the estrogen and/or androgen which is employed therein.
- the dietary composition comprises from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition, of estrogen and/or androgen, and preferably comprises from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent of phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen. More preferably, the dietary composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition, of estrogen and/or androgen, preferably phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen.
- a dietary composition is administered to the mammal on a routine or regular basis, preferably on a daily basis.
- the dietary composition comprises a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, when the dietary composition is administered to the mammal on a daily or otherwise regular basis.
- the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof.
- the dietary composition is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to 100 mg per gram of the total diet administered to the mammal. More preferably, the dietary composition is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 1 to about 25,000 ⁇ g per gram of total diet administered to the mammal, and even more preferably in an amount of from about 60 to about 4,000 ⁇ g per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
- estrogen and/or androgen may conveniently be supplied by administering soy bean-derived or soy protein-containing products, i.e., soy protein isolate or soy hypocotyl, and/or flax seed products or flax protein products, i.e., flax protein isolate, to the mammal in an amount, for example, of from about 1% to about 50% of the total diet of the mammal, and preferably in an amount of from about 1% to about 35% by weight of the diet when the method is directed to reducing weight gain in a human.
- soy bean-derived or soy protein-containing products i.e., soy protein isolate or soy hypocotyl
- flax seed products or flax protein products i.e., flax protein isolate
- Suitable soybean or soy protein isolate product amounts, or fermentation product amounts, wherein an isoflavone glycoside has been converted to an aglycone would be in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000 grams soy protein per day, with amounts of 5 to 500 grams soybean derived products or soy protein isolate and/or flax seed derived products or flax protein isolate per day being preferred for methods for reducing weight gain in humans.
- the sources may suitably comprise from about 0.005% to about 15% by weight of the total diet administered to the mammal, with 0.005% to about 10% by weight being preferred when the methods are directed to reducing weight gain in humans.
- Suitable amounts of estrogen and/or androgen derived from fungal, microbial or other natural sources are preferably administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.1 to about 100 mg of estrogen and/or androgen per kilogram of the mammal's body weight.
- the dietary compositions may be administered in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, with the amount more preferably being in the range of from about 0.005 to about 50 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight when the methods are directed to reducing weight gains in humans, dogs, cats or horses.
- These amounts are preferably administered on a regular or routine basis, more preferably on a daily basis.
- the dietary composition is preferably administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.1 to about 80 mg daidzein and/or genistein per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, with a range of from about 0.1 to about 60 mg per kilogram being preferred for methods directed to reducing weight gains in humans.
- the dietary composition is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide the phytoestrogen in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 50 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, with the range of from about 0.1 to about 30 mg per kilogram of body weight being preferred when the method is directed to reducing weight gains in humans.
- the dietary compositions of the present invention further include vitamins, minerals, or salts thereof, colorants, preservatives and/or other additional components which are conventionally administered to mammals.
- suitable minerals include calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium and the like
- suitable vitamins include vitamin A, various B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D and/or vitamin E.
- Additional conventional dietary supplements may also be included, for example, inulin, folic acid, biotin and the like.
- the dietary compositions include one or more calcium salts, one or more peptides and/or amino acids, and/or a tocopherol compound.
- calcium salts are included in the dietary composition in an amount sufficient to provide the mammal from about 100 to about 3,000 mg calcium salt per day, or from about 10 to about 100 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight.
- a preferred peptide comprises L-carnitine.
- Amino acids and/or di and tripeptides are preferably included in the dietary composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 400 ppm or in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.05 to about 15 mg amino acid per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, per day.
- a tocopherol compound such as alpha tocopherol or a natural tocopherol mixture may suitably be employed in an amount sufficient to administer from about 1 to about 500 mg to the mammal per day, or from about 1 to about 10 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, per day.
- compositions and methods according to the present invention are further exemplified by the following Examples.
- parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
- Dietary compositions according to the present invention are prepared comprising from about 0.001 to about 200 parts by weight one or more phytoestrogen compounds, from about 0.5 to about 100 parts by weight of L-carnitine, from about 0.1 to about 500 parts by weight of calcium salt, from about 0.5 to 60 parts by weight of alpha tocopherol or mixed tocopherols, and from about 0.1 to about 100 parts by weight of a vehicle comprising oligosaccharides, starch, protein, fat and/or other fibers or cellulose components.
- compositions are prepared wherein from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight phytoestrogen compounds and from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight of androgen compounds are employed in combination with the indicated amounts of L-carnitine, calcium salt, tocopherol and vehicle. These compositions are suitable for use in the methods of the present invention for reducing weight gain normally incurred in a mammal subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, on a daily or otherwise regular basis by administering from about 0.01 to about 4,000 grams or from about 0.01 to about 50 percent by weight of the total diet administered to the mammal.
- compositions in the form of food supplements for dogs and cats are prepared including the ingredients in the amounts set forth in Table 1.
- the dog supplement is administered in an amount of about 10% of the total diet of the dog, and, for a 35 kilogram dog, in an amount of about 40g per day.
- the cat supplement is similarly administered to the diet in an amount of about 10% of the total diet of the cat and in an amount of about 5 to about 10 g per day.
- the supplements are administered in order to reduce weight gains typically incurred in dogs and cats following neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy.
- Dietary compositions in the form of dog and cat treats are prepared using the components and amounts specified in Table 2.
- the dog supplement is administered to a 35 kilogram dog in an amount of about 4 g per day while the cat supplement is administered to a 4 kilogram cat in an amount of about 2 g per day, in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
- compositions in the form of a liquid drink and a dry powder, respectively are prepared using the components in the amounts specified in Table 3. These compositions are administered to humans in order to reduce weight gains typically incurred following ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy or post menopause and are administered in an amount of from about 1 to about 1,000 ml per day or from about 0.1 to about 100 grams per kilogram body weight, per day.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
Dietary compositions and methods employ a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause. Preferably, the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof. The compositions are adapted for administration to the mammal on a regular, preferably daily, basis.
Description
- The present invention is directed to dietary compositions, particularly for mammals, including humans, dogs, cats and horses, and to methods for reducing weight gain normally incurred in mammals subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause.
- Procedures including neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy are increasingly performed on dogs and cats for health related reasons and/or for population control. It is not uncommon for dogs or cats having undergone one of the aforementioned procedures to gain a significant amount of weight thereafter, and often exceed target healthy weight limits.
- Weight gain incurred subsequent to ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy procedures in other mammals, including humans, is not uncommon. Additionally, post menopausal weight gain often occurs in humans even when ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy procedures are not performed.
- While various weight reduction and weight gain prevention techniques and systems are available, such techniques and systems are typically difficult to implement on a continual basis and/or are ineffective for extended periods of time. Accordingly, a need exists for improved systems for reducing weight gain normally incurred in mammals subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, and/or post menopause.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide dietary compositions and methods which overcome disadvantages of the prior art. It is a more specific object of the invention to provide dietary compositions and methods, particularly for mammals, which reduce weight gain normally incurred in mammals subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause. It is a further object of the invention to provide compositions and methods which may be easily employed by humans and with other mammals, including dogs, cats and horses.
- These and additional objects and advantages are provided by the dietary compositions and methods according to the present invention. The dietary compositions according to the present invention are particularly suitable for consumption by mammals and comprise a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or in a post menopausal phase, when the dietary composition is administered on a daily or otherwise regular basis. In preferred embodiments, the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof. The methods according to the present invention are directed to reducing weight gain normally occurring in a mammal subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause. These methods comprise administering to the mammal on a daily or otherwise regular basis a dietary composition comprising a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, when the dietary composition is administered on a daily or otherwise regular basis. In preferred embodiments of the methods, the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof.
- Further objects and advantages provided by the compositions and methods according to the present invention will be more fully apparent in view of the following detailed description.
- The dietary compositions according to the present invention are suitable for consumption by mammals and are intended to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, particularly when the dietary composition is administered on a daily or otherwise regular basis. The compositions comprise a food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen, or a mixture thereof. The estrogen and androgen which are suitable for use in the compositions and methods of the present invention may be obtained or derived from any natural or synthetic source which exhibits estrogenic or androgenic activity, respectively.
- In prefered embodiments, phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof is employed. The phytoestrogen and phytoandrogen preferred for use in the present compositions may be derived from various plants. Preferred plant sources of phytoestrogen comprise soybean, or its isolated products, eg., soy protein isolate or soy hypocotyls, and flax seed, or its isolated products, eg., flax protein isolate, although other plants such as red clover and other clovers, alfalfa, barrel medic, chickpeas, lentils, beans, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and/or grapes may be employed. In addition to the aforementioned phytoestrogen sources, phytoandrogens may be found in sources such asSerenoa repens, Dalbergia cochinchinensis, Brosimum rubescens, Striga orobanchioides, and Azadurachta indica. These examples are illustrative only and do not constitute a complete list. One skilled in the art will recognize that other phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen sources may be employed in the dietary compositions and methods of the present invention. In further preferred embodiments, the phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen are derived from soy beans, or flax seeds. Examples of specific groups of phytoestrogen compounds suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, resorcylic acid lactones, and mixtures thereof. Daidzein, genistein and coumesterol are particularly preferred sources of phytoestrogen for use in the dietary compositions of the present invention. Other preferred sources are formononetin, genistin, daidzin, ononin, sissotrin, resveratrol and biochanin A. One skilled in the art will appreciate that glycosides such as daidzin and genistin convert to the aglycone compounds, daidzein and genistein, upon fermentation.
- In alternate embodiments, the estrogen or androgen may be derived from fungal, microbial and other naturally occurring sources exhibiting estrogenic or adrogenic activity, respectively, or these components may be synthetically derived in accordance with methods known in the art. In this regard, the conversion of an isoflavone glycoside to the aglycone form by fermentation is a preferred example of synthetically derived components.
- The food base with which the estrogen and/or androgen are combined may comprise any suitable food component including, but not limited to, a food of animal origin, for example, meat or a milk product, or of plant origin, including a cereal, for example oat or bran, a starch, mono, di, poly or oligosaccharides, an oil meal, or other cellulosic material, or mixtures thereof. Selection of a specific food base for use in the compositions of the present invention will depend, in part, on the type of dietary composition which is desired. For example, for dietary compositions suitable for administering to humans, the food base may conveniently comprise a milk product, a cereal product or the like to be administered alone or as an additive in connection with other types of foods, for example as a sauce, dressing, powder or the like. As a dietary composition for administering to pets such as dogs and/or cats, the dietary composition may be provided in the form of a biscuit or other treat, or in the form of a complete and balanced food.
- In this regard, the form of dietary composition, i.e., main component or additive, which is selected will also influence the amount of the estrogen and/or androgen which is employed therein. In a preferred embodiment, the dietary composition comprises from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition, of estrogen and/or androgen, and preferably comprises from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent of phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen. More preferably, the dietary composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition, of estrogen and/or androgen, preferably phytoestrogen and/or phytoandrogen.
- In the methods for reducing weight gain normally incurred in a mammal subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, according to the present invention, a dietary composition is administered to the mammal on a routine or regular basis, preferably on a daily basis. The dietary composition comprises a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, when the dietary composition is administered to the mammal on a daily or otherwise regular basis. In preferred embodiments of the methods, the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof. In a further preferred embodiment, the dietary composition is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to 100 mg per gram of the total diet administered to the mammal. More preferably, the dietary composition is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 1 to about 25,000 μg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal, and even more preferably in an amount of from about 60 to about 4,000 μg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
- These amounts of estrogen and/or androgen may conveniently be supplied by administering soy bean-derived or soy protein-containing products, i.e., soy protein isolate or soy hypocotyl, and/or flax seed products or flax protein products, i.e., flax protein isolate, to the mammal in an amount, for example, of from about 1% to about 50% of the total diet of the mammal, and preferably in an amount of from about 1% to about 35% by weight of the diet when the method is directed to reducing weight gain in a human. Suitable soybean or soy protein isolate product amounts, or fermentation product amounts, wherein an isoflavone glycoside has been converted to an aglycone, would be in the range of from about 1 to about 1,000 grams soy protein per day, with amounts of 5 to 500 grams soybean derived products or soy protein isolate and/or flax seed derived products or flax protein isolate per day being preferred for methods for reducing weight gain in humans. Alternatively, in embodiments wherein the estrogen and/or androgen are derived from fungal, microbial or other natural or synthetic sources, the sources may suitably comprise from about 0.005% to about 15% by weight of the total diet administered to the mammal, with 0.005% to about 10% by weight being preferred when the methods are directed to reducing weight gain in humans. Suitable amounts of estrogen and/or androgen derived from fungal, microbial or other natural sources, are preferably administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.1 to about 100 mg of estrogen and/or androgen per kilogram of the mammal's body weight.
- The dietary compositions may be administered in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, with the amount more preferably being in the range of from about 0.005 to about 50 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight when the methods are directed to reducing weight gains in humans, dogs, cats or horses. These amounts are preferably administered on a regular or routine basis, more preferably on a daily basis. To further illustrate more specific embodiments of the invention, when the estrogen comprises daidzein, genistein or a phytoestrogen of a similar structure, the dietary composition is preferably administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.1 to about 80 mg daidzein and/or genistein per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, with a range of from about 0.1 to about 60 mg per kilogram being preferred for methods directed to reducing weight gains in humans. Further, when the estrogen comprises coumesterol or a phytoestrogen of a similar structure, the dietary composition is administered to the mammal in an amount sufficient to provide the phytoestrogen in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 50 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, with the range of from about 0.1 to about 30 mg per kilogram of body weight being preferred when the method is directed to reducing weight gains in humans.
- In further embodiments, the dietary compositions of the present invention further include vitamins, minerals, or salts thereof, colorants, preservatives and/or other additional components which are conventionally administered to mammals. Examples of suitable minerals include calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium and the like, while suitable vitamins include vitamin A, various B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D and/or vitamin E. Additional conventional dietary supplements may also be included, for example, inulin, folic acid, biotin and the like.
- In specific embodiments, the dietary compositions include one or more calcium salts, one or more peptides and/or amino acids, and/or a tocopherol compound. Suitably, calcium salts are included in the dietary composition in an amount sufficient to provide the mammal from about 100 to about 3,000 mg calcium salt per day, or from about 10 to about 100 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight. A preferred peptide comprises L-carnitine. Amino acids and/or di and tripeptides are preferably included in the dietary composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 400 ppm or in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0.05 to about 15 mg amino acid per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, per day. A tocopherol compound such as alpha tocopherol or a natural tocopherol mixture may suitably be employed in an amount sufficient to administer from about 1 to about 500 mg to the mammal per day, or from about 1 to about 10 mg per kilogram of the mammal's body weight, per day.
- The compositions and methods according to the present invention are further exemplified by the following Examples. In the Examples and throughout the present specification, parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
- Dietary compositions according to the present invention are prepared comprising from about 0.001 to about 200 parts by weight one or more phytoestrogen compounds, from about 0.5 to about 100 parts by weight of L-carnitine, from about 0.1 to about 500 parts by weight of calcium salt, from about 0.5 to 60 parts by weight of alpha tocopherol or mixed tocopherols, and from about 0.1 to about 100 parts by weight of a vehicle comprising oligosaccharides, starch, protein, fat and/or other fibers or cellulose components. Additional compositions are prepared wherein from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight phytoestrogen compounds and from about 1 to about 100 parts by weight of androgen compounds are employed in combination with the indicated amounts of L-carnitine, calcium salt, tocopherol and vehicle. These compositions are suitable for use in the methods of the present invention for reducing weight gain normally incurred in a mammal subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, on a daily or otherwise regular basis by administering from about 0.01 to about 4,000 grams or from about 0.01 to about 50 percent by weight of the total diet administered to the mammal.
- Dietary compositions in the form of food supplements for dogs and cats are prepared including the ingredients in the amounts set forth in Table 1. In accordance with the present methods, the dog supplement is administered in an amount of about 10% of the total diet of the dog, and, for a 35 kilogram dog, in an amount of about 40g per day. The cat supplement is similarly administered to the diet in an amount of about 10% of the total diet of the cat and in an amount of about 5 to about 10 g per day. The supplements are administered in order to reduce weight gains typically incurred in dogs and cats following neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy.
TABLE 1 Ingredients provided per day Dog Supplement Cat Supplement Daidzein, genistein or other 100-4000 (1500) 20-400 (200) phytoestrogen (mg) Inulin (mg) 5000 500 Ca (mg) 2870 570 P (mg) 2150 430 K (mg) 2150 290 Na(mg) 800 200 Fe (mg) 16 6 Cu (mg) — 4 Zn (mg) 2 0.4 Mn (mg) 3 0.4 I (mg) 0.3 0.03 Se (mg) 0.1 0.01 Vitamin A (IU) 1000 240 Vitamin D (IU) 400 50 Vitamin E (IU) 50 10 Thiamine (mg) 5 1 Riboflavin(mg) 2 1 Pantothenic acid (mg) 15 5 Niacin (mg) 15 5 Pyridoxine (mg) 2 1 Folic acid (mg) 0.1 0.05 Biotin (mg) 0.2 0.1 Choline (mg) 400 50 Vitamin C (mg) 5 2 Vehicle (mg) 20,000 10,000 - Dietary compositions in the form of dog and cat treats are prepared using the components and amounts specified in Table 2. The dog supplement is administered to a 35 kilogram dog in an amount of about 4 g per day while the cat supplement is administered to a 4 kilogram cat in an amount of about 2 g per day, in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
TABLE 2 Ingredients Dog Supplement Cat Supplement Fish meal (herring) mg 20,000 10,000 Genistein, daidzein or other 100-2000 (750) 20-300 (150) phytoestrogen (mg) Flax meal (mg) 1000 500 Inulin (mg) 1000 100 Carnitine (mg) 50 15 Ca (mg) 400 150 P (mg) 350 120 Fe (mg) 5 2 Cu (mg) .2 .02 Zn (mg) 2 0.4 Mn (mg) 3 0.4 Se (mg) 0.01 0.001 Vitamin A (IU) 400 120 Vitamin D (IU) 40 5 Vitamin E (IU) 10 2 Thiamine (mg) 1 .1 Riboflavin(mg) .2 .1 Pantothenic acid (mg) 1.5 .5 Niacin (mg) 1.5 .5 Pyridoxine (mg) .2 .1 Folic acid (mg) .01 .005 Biotin (mg) .02 .01 Choline (mg) 40.0 5.0 Vitamin C (mg) .5 .2 Arginine (mg) 5 2 Methionine (mg) 50 25 - Dietary compositions in the form of a liquid drink and a dry powder, respectively, are prepared using the components in the amounts specified in Table 3. These compositions are administered to humans in order to reduce weight gains typically incurred following ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy or post menopause and are administered in an amount of from about 1 to about 1,000 ml per day or from about 0.1 to about 100 grams per kilogram body weight, per day.
TABLE 3 Ingredients Liquid Formulation Dry Formulation Skim milk 88% — Skim milk powder — 64% Flax and/or Soy meal (47% 9.0% 29.5% protein) Fructose oligosaccharide 1.0% 2.0% Conjugated linoleic acid 0.6% 1.70% Soybean oil .45% 1.75% Vitamin premix 1.0% 1.0% Genistein, Daidzein, and/or 0.05% 0.05% Coumesterol or other estrogenic compound - The foregoing examples and various preferred embodiments of the present invention set forth herein are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Additional embodiments of the present invention and advantages thereof will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and are within the scope of the invention defined by the following claims.
Claims (28)
1. A dietary composition comprising a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, when the dietary composition is administered to a mammal on a regular basis.
2. A dietary composition according to claim 1 , wherein the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof.
3. A dietary composition according to claim 2 , wherein the phytoestrogen comprises an isoflavone, lignan, coumestan, resorcylic acid lactone, or mixtures thereof.
4. A dietary composition according to claim 2 , wherein the phytoestrogen or phytoandrogen is derived from soy bean or flax seed, or protein products thereof.
5. A dietary composition according to claim 1 , wherein the estrogen or androgen is derived from fungal or microbial sources.
6. A dietary composition according to claim 1 , wherein the mammal food base comprises a food of animal origin, a cereal, a starch, other cell ulosic material, or mixtures thereof.
7. A dietary composition according to claim 1 , comprising from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the composition, of phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen, or a mixture thereof.
8. A dietary composition according to claim 1 , wherein the phytoestrogen comprises daidzin, genistin, daidzein, genistein or coumesterol.
9. A method for reducing weight gain normally incurred in a mammal subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, comprising administering to the mammal on a regular basis a dietary composition comprising a mammal food base and a component comprising estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce weight gain normally incurred in the mammal type subsequent to neutering, castration, spaying, ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy, or post menopause, when the dietary composition is administered to the mammal on a regular basis.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the component comprises phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the phytoestrogen comprises isoflavone, lignan, coumestan, resorcylic acid lactone, or mixtures thereof.
12. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the phytoestrogen or phytoandrogen is derived from soy bean or flax seed, or protein products thereof.
13. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the estrogen or androgen is derived from fungal or microbial sources.
14. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the mammal food base comprises a food of animal origin, a cereal, a starch, other cellulosic material, or mixtures thereof.
15. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
16. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
17. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 1 to about 25,000 μg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
18. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 1 to about 25,000 μg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
19. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide estrogen, androgen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 60 to about 4000 μg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
20. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 60 to about 4000 μg per gram of total diet administered to the mammal.
21. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kilogram of the mammal's bodyweight.
22. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the dietary composition is administered in an amount sufficient to provide phytoestrogen, phytoandrogen or a mixture thereof to the mammal in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 50 mg per kilogram of the mammal's bodyweight.
23. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a human.
24. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a dog or cat.
25. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a horse.
26. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the phytoestrogen comprises daidzin, genistin or coumesterol.
27. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the phytoestrogen comprises daidzein, genistein, or a mixture thereof.
28. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the dietary composition is administered to the mammal on a daily basis.
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- 2000-02-24 JP JP2000600513A patent/JP2002536988A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-24 UA UA2001096422A patent/UA74779C2/en unknown
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- 2000-02-24 MX MXPA01008598A patent/MXPA01008598A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-24 BR BR0008449-2A patent/BR0008449A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
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UA74779C2 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
CA2365078C (en) | 2007-02-20 |
EP1158872A1 (en) | 2001-12-05 |
ES2384452T3 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
HUP0200117A2 (en) | 2002-05-29 |
HK1043920A1 (en) | 2002-10-04 |
ATE549939T1 (en) | 2012-04-15 |
RU2267279C2 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
MXPA01008598A (en) | 2003-06-24 |
AU770075B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
CA2365078A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
BR0008449A (en) | 2002-05-14 |
AU3603600A (en) | 2000-09-14 |
JP2002536988A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
ZA200107017B (en) | 2002-08-26 |
CN1348334A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
CN1279843C (en) | 2006-10-18 |
EP1158872B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
US6359017B1 (en) | 2002-03-19 |
WO2000049896A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
US20040248822A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
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