US20020166304A1 - Load bearing structure - Google Patents
Load bearing structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020166304A1 US20020166304A1 US10/098,032 US9803202A US2002166304A1 US 20020166304 A1 US20020166304 A1 US 20020166304A1 US 9803202 A US9803202 A US 9803202A US 2002166304 A1 US2002166304 A1 US 2002166304A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- structure according
- longitudinally elongated
- carbon fiber
- male
- female
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/34—Branched
- Y10T403/341—Three or more radiating members
Definitions
- the present invention concerns bearing structures.
- the invention is particularly suitable for civil structures, for instance buildings, bridges and outdoor structures exposed to weather.
- civil structures for instance buildings, bridges and outdoor structures exposed to weather.
- steel beams or concrete mostly reinforced by means of reinforcing bar grids.
- Such structures typically are heavy and labor intensive.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a novel load bearing structure which is of lighter weight than reinforced concrete and has better load bearing characteristics.
- FIGS. from 1 to 3 are perspective views of structural members according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a joint between pillars and horizontal beams according to present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the joint shown in FIG. 4, with portions shown in section;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective exploded view looking upwardly from the bottom of the joint area shown in FIG. 4.
- a bearing structure for civil support systems comprises a plurality of longitudinally elongated bodies 10 featuring, for instance, a poly-line cross section such as square, rectangular, T-shape, H, I or L shaped similar to cross sections typically used in metal beam structures presently used in civil construction.
- Each one of the longitudinally elongated bodies 10 comprise at least an outer layer of carbon fiber 11 impregnated with epoxy resin.
- the carbon fiber fabric can be manufactured with strands described in the patent application PD 2000A5 filed in Italy on Jan. 13, 2000 teaching that the strands are formed of a plurality of yarns out of which at least one is metal (wire) and at least one other is a carbon fiber yarn.
- the strand of the carbon fiber fabric may also comprise ceramic yarn.
- a readily available resin polymerizing at room-temperature may be used, for instance resin manufactured by CIBA-GEIGY in USA.
- the longitudinally elongated bodies 10 comprise a core 12 of porous plastic, for instance a foamed resin, which fills the internal cavity defined by the outer layer 11 of carbon fiber.
- a honey-comb open cell core structure is preferred.
- the manufacturing process employs a steel mold (pattern) on which a layer of impregnated carbon fiber 11 is applied according to the traditional manufacturing process used for carbon fiber.
- the outer layer is filled with the core 12 that, once polymerized, becomes totally adherent to skin 11 thus forming structural continuity that allows the bodies 10 to withstand mechanical stresses, particularly vibrations.
- the number of layers 11 for each longitudinally body 10 is proportional to the load that the beam is to bear. In bodies 10 used for building, the number of layers 11 can be less for the beams dedicated to the upper floors versus the ones dedicated to the lower floors because of the load differences.
- the constraining male element 13 comprises a cap 15 which is a permanent magnet preferably shaped as a hemisphere, integral with or applied to a pillar body 10 b (for instance by means of a restraining joint 18 or by adhesives), positioned on the upper end of 10 b and of a number equal to the number of beams 10 a to be engaged.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show caps 15 arranged as a cross because four beams 10 a are connected to pillar 10 b . It is also noted that the restrained joint 18 (see FIG. 6) features a backlash clearance to accommodate minor structural movements (see arrows 22 ).
- the constraining female element 14 comprises a body 16 , integral with or applied to the beam body 10 a and shaped in mirror relation to cup 15 with a concave surface, defined by a layer 17 , made of magnetic material such as iron, in order to provide retention force with the permanent magnet of cup 15 .
- a positive constraint between beam 10 a and pillar 10 b is achieved which can be built suitable for limited movements of the spherical members (see arrows 19 and 20 in FIG. 4 and the dotted line 21 in FIG. 6) which movement is regulated as desired by simply modifying the size or the material of the permanent magnet to consequently change the attraction force of the connection.
- the shape of the constraining elements 13 and 14 instead of hemi-spherical could be disc-like or the female element located on the pillar head 10 b and the male element on the beam 10 a .
- a body 10 such as in the case of pillar 10 b , can be equipped with its head portion free from the male constraining elements 13 , (center and corner areas) while elements 13 a , of the same kind may comprise a magnetic cup, dedicated to receive another pillar 10 c featuring female constraining elements 14 a as aforementioned (see FIG. 8).
- Step 2 fiber total total total cross cross cross cross cross cross section section section section Load (Al) (Al) (Al) (Al) Weight Capacity Cm2 Cm2 Cm2 Cm2 Kg/m Kg Carbon 31.36 368.64 49.568 1.172.480 Fiber (1) (3) Pillar Reinforced 320 80 208 464 concrete (2) (4) Pillar Performance 23.83 252.69 difference Resisting 80 kg/mm2 25 kg/mm2 450 kg/cm2 40 kg/mm2 strength (R1, R2, R3, R4) Weight 1.7 1.2 6.2 7.8 (D1, D2, D3, D4) kg/dm3m3
Abstract
The invention relates to a bearing structure for civil construction wherein light weight, longitudinally elongated bodies comprise an external layer of carbon fiber impregnated with epoxy; the bodies resin have a porous plastic core and are magnetically coupled to cooperating pairs of male and female constraining elements.
Description
- The present invention concerns bearing structures.
- The invention is particularly suitable for civil structures, for instance buildings, bridges and outdoor structures exposed to weather. In known construction practice it is very common to use steel beams or concrete, mostly reinforced by means of reinforcing bar grids. Such structures typically are heavy and labor intensive.
- A main object of the present invention is to provide a novel load bearing structure which is of lighter weight than reinforced concrete and has better load bearing characteristics.
- Another object of this invention is to enhance the ability of a civil structure to withstand “destabilizing forces” such as earthquakes, floods, river overflows, and other odd weather events.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a light weight bearing structure which is easier and faster to assemble than the conventional bearing structures.
- The above and other objects, as will appear hereinafter, are obtained with a bearing structure for civil construction featuring elongated bodies comprising at least one layer of carbon fiber impregnated in at least an epoxy resin.
- Advantageously, the elongated bodies comprise an inner core made of porous plastic filling an inner space defined by an outer layer of carbon fiber. Additionally, the plastic material is an open cell structure, such as a preferable honey-comb structure. Additional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly from the detailed description of the preferred embodiments herein described and illustrated in the attached drawings in which:
- FIGS. from1 to 3 are perspective views of structural members according to the present invention;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a joint between pillars and horizontal beams according to present invention;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partially exploded, of the joint shown in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the joint shown in FIG. 4, with portions shown in section;
- FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the lower pillar in the joint area shown in FIG. 4; and
- FIG. 8 is a perspective exploded view looking upwardly from the bottom of the joint area shown in FIG. 4.
- With reference to the aforementioned Figures, a bearing structure for civil support systems comprises a plurality of longitudinally
elongated bodies 10 featuring, for instance, a poly-line cross section such as square, rectangular, T-shape, H, I or L shaped similar to cross sections typically used in metal beam structures presently used in civil construction. - Each one of the longitudinally
elongated bodies 10 comprise at least an outer layer of carbon fiber 11 impregnated with epoxy resin. The carbon fiber fabric can be manufactured with strands described in the patent application PD 2000A5 filed in Italy on Jan. 13, 2000 teaching that the strands are formed of a plurality of yarns out of which at least one is metal (wire) and at least one other is a carbon fiber yarn. The strand of the carbon fiber fabric may also comprise ceramic yarn. For the impregnating epoxy resin, which also acts as glue, a readily available resin polymerizing at room-temperature may be used, for instance resin manufactured by CIBA-GEIGY in USA. - Alternatively, a resin polymerizing at a temperature higher than room temperature can be used in cases where a heating chamber is available. The longitudinally
elongated bodies 10 comprise acore 12 of porous plastic, for instance a foamed resin, which fills the internal cavity defined by the outer layer 11 of carbon fiber. A honey-comb open cell core structure is preferred. - The manufacturing process, to provide an example, employs a steel mold (pattern) on which a layer of impregnated carbon fiber11 is applied according to the traditional manufacturing process used for carbon fiber. Once the carbon fiber layer becomes solid and the steel mold (inner pattern) removed, the outer layer (skin 11) is filled with the
core 12 that, once polymerized, becomes totally adherent to skin 11 thus forming structural continuity that allows thebodies 10 to withstand mechanical stresses, particularly vibrations. It is important to observe that the number of layers 11 for each longitudinallybody 10 is proportional to the load that the beam is to bear. Inbodies 10 used for building, the number of layers 11 can be less for the beams dedicated to the upper floors versus the ones dedicated to the lower floors because of the load differences. - According to the present invention, each
body 10 extremity comprises co-operating constraining elements, male 13 and/or female 14, which are complementary to one another in forming a connector joint, for instance between beam and pillar when thebodies 10 serve such functions (see FIGS. 4 to 8beam 10 a and the pillar 10 b). - The constraining
male element 13 comprises acap 15 which is a permanent magnet preferably shaped as a hemisphere, integral with or applied to a pillar body 10 b (for instance by means of a restraining joint 18 or by adhesives), positioned on the upper end of 10 b and of a number equal to the number ofbeams 10 a to be engaged. FIGS. 4 and 5show caps 15 arranged as a cross because fourbeams 10 a are connected to pillar 10 b. It is also noted that the restrained joint 18 (see FIG. 6) features a backlash clearance to accommodate minor structural movements (see arrows 22). - The constraining
female element 14 comprises a body 16, integral with or applied to thebeam body 10 a and shaped in mirror relation tocup 15 with a concave surface, defined by a layer 17, made of magnetic material such as iron, in order to provide retention force with the permanent magnet ofcup 15. In this way, a positive constraint betweenbeam 10 a and pillar 10 b is achieved which can be built suitable for limited movements of the spherical members (seearrows 19 and 20 in FIG. 4 and the dotted line 21 in FIG. 6) which movement is regulated as desired by simply modifying the size or the material of the permanent magnet to consequently change the attraction force of the connection. - It is contemplated that the shape of the constraining
elements beam 10 a. Abody 10, such as in the case of pillar 10 b, can be equipped with its head portion free from the male constrainingelements 13, (center and corner areas) whileelements 13 a, of the same kind may comprise a magnetic cup, dedicated to receive another pillar 10 c featuring female constraining elements 14 a as aforementioned (see FIG. 8). - It is thus shown how the present invention reaches its desired goal. The calculation (summarized in the table below) of the bearing capacity of a pillar loaded with a combined bending and compressive stress, clearly shows the advantage in terms of bearing capacity as well as weight of a beam manufactured according to the present invention (square cross section, 200 mm×200 mm, layer11 thickness of 4 mm, epoxy resin as a core) versus a reinforced concrete beam having the same cross section (200 mm×200 mm) and built with the best concrete (which according to industry standard is 450 Kg/cm2)and reinforced with 20% of steel re-bars offering a 400 Mpa (400 MegaPascal=specific resistance like Lbs per square inch).
Re-bar Carbon Resin Concrete (Steel) fiber total total total cross cross cross cross section section section section Load (Al) (Al) (Al) (Al) Weight Capacity Cm2 Cm2 Cm2 Cm2 Kg/m Kg Carbon 31.36 368.64 49.568 1.172.480 Fiber (1) (3) Pillar Reinforced 320 80 208 464 concrete (2) (4) Pillar Performance 23.83 252.69 difference Resisting 80 kg/mm2 25 kg/mm2 450 kg/cm2 40 kg/mm2 strength (R1, R2, R3, R4) Weight 1.7 1.2 6.2 7.8 (D1, D2, D3, D4) kg/dm3m3 - Having described this invention, it is apparent that numerous modifications can be applied to the present invention described for generating alternative embodiments, all to be considered covered under the same inventive concept. Furthermore, the components can be replaced with alternative elements. Practically, the materials used, as long as technically equivalent, as well as dimensions, can be according to the application needs.
Claims (15)
1. Bearing structure for civil constructions, wherein longitudinally elongated bodies comprise at least one outer layer of carbon fiber fabric impregnated by at least one epoxy resin;
2. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said longitudinally elongated bodies comprise a porous plastic core filling the space bounded by said at least one outer layer of carbon fiber.
3. Structure according to claim 2 wherein said plastic core is characterized by a porous, open-cell structure.
4. Structure according to claim 2 wherein said plastic core has a honey-comb structure.
5. Structure according to claim 2 wherein said core is an epoxy resin.
6. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said at least one outer layer of carbon fiber fabric comprises strands in which at least one is a metal wire and at least one is a carbon fiber yarn.
7. Structure according to claim 1 wherein the carbon fiber fabric comprises ceramic yarns.
8. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said impregnating epoxy resin acts as glue and is polymerized at room temperature.
9. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said impregnating epoxy resin is a resin polymerized at a temperature higher then room temperature.
10. Structure according to one any of the above claims wherein said longitudinally elongated bodies comprise constraining elements male and female, complementary to one and other located at outer ends of said bodies.
11. Structure according to claim 10 wherein one of said male constraining elements comprises a permanent magnet cap, which is solid with or applied to a related longitudinally elongated body.
12. Structure according to claim 11 wherein one of said female constraining elements comprises a cradle, which can be integral with or applied to a related longitudinally elongated body, said cradle being mirror shaped to mate with said cap and having a convex surface defined by a layer of material magnetically attracted to the permanent magnet of said cap.
13. Structure according to one or more of claims 10 and 12 wherein said cap as well as said cradle are of hemispherical shape.
14. Structure according to claim 10 wherein said male and female constraining elements are connected to longitudinally elongated bodies by means of dove-tail constraints and glue.
15. Structure according to claim 10 wherein said male and female constraining elements are connected to longitudinally elongated bodies in a way that allows transactional settlement movements of said male and female elements.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITPD2001A000064 | 2001-03-16 | ||
IT2001PD000064A ITPD20010064A1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2001-03-16 | SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING WORKS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020166304A1 true US20020166304A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
Family
ID=11452270
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/098,032 Abandoned US20020166304A1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-03-14 | Load bearing structure |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020166304A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1249551B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE326594T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60211412T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2262719T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITPD20010064A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060135033A1 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-06-22 | Ross Evans | Structure building toy |
US20090093182A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Cranium, Inc. | Structure building toy |
JP2012225146A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-11-15 | Lockheed Martin Corp | Lightweight beam structure |
US20120294675A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Wen-Tsung Chang | Assembled structure with connectors |
US10876282B1 (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | Qingdao university of technology | Fabricated limiting-reinforced steel-wood frosted sleeve composite joint |
US10907343B1 (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2021-02-02 | Qingdao university of technology | Prefabricated steel-wood composite joint |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012214788B4 (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-12-24 | Octanorm-Vertriebs-GmbH für Bauelemente | Connection system for a structure, structure and method for building or dismantling a structure |
EP3563012B1 (en) * | 2017-01-02 | 2023-01-11 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Method for manufacturing a structural beam |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3100555A (en) * | 1961-10-16 | 1963-08-13 | Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co | Plastic tower |
DE2334645C3 (en) * | 1973-07-07 | 1983-04-07 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München | Process for the production of a beam from a fiber composite profile |
DE2622163C3 (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1983-05-26 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Profile support made of fiber-reinforced material |
US5285613A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-02-15 | Goldsworthy W Brandt | Pultruded joint system and tower structure made therewith |
US5024036A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1991-06-18 | Johnson David W | Interlocking support structures |
JPH0823095B2 (en) * | 1989-06-06 | 1996-03-06 | 東レ株式会社 | Reinforcing fiber fabric |
DE8907321U1 (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1991-03-28 | Chlupsa, Otto, 6070 Langen, De | |
GB2282096B (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1997-04-23 | Standards Inst Singapore | A tube and method of manufacturing the same |
US5704185A (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1998-01-06 | Lindsay; Pat | Joint for connecting members of a load bearing truss |
-
2001
- 2001-03-16 IT IT2001PD000064A patent/ITPD20010064A1/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-03-14 ES ES02005342T patent/ES2262719T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-14 AT AT02005342T patent/ATE326594T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-14 EP EP02005342A patent/EP1249551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-14 DE DE60211412T patent/DE60211412T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-14 US US10/098,032 patent/US20020166304A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060135033A1 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-06-22 | Ross Evans | Structure building toy |
US7364487B2 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2008-04-29 | Cranium, Inc. | Structure building toy |
US20090093182A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Cranium, Inc. | Structure building toy |
JP2012225146A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-11-15 | Lockheed Martin Corp | Lightweight beam structure |
US20120294675A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Wen-Tsung Chang | Assembled structure with connectors |
US9089212B2 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2015-07-28 | Wen-Tsung Chang | Assembled structure with connectors |
US10907343B1 (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2021-02-02 | Qingdao university of technology | Prefabricated steel-wood composite joint |
US10876282B1 (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | Qingdao university of technology | Fabricated limiting-reinforced steel-wood frosted sleeve composite joint |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60211412T2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
ES2262719T3 (en) | 2006-12-01 |
DE60211412D1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
ATE326594T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1249551B1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
ITPD20010064A1 (en) | 2002-09-16 |
EP1249551A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |