US20030037654A1 - Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet - Google Patents
Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030037654A1 US20030037654A1 US10/114,920 US11492002A US2003037654A1 US 20030037654 A1 US20030037654 A1 US 20030037654A1 US 11492002 A US11492002 A US 11492002A US 2003037654 A1 US2003037654 A1 US 2003037654A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cutting head
- mixing tube
- bore
- threads
- nozzle body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/023—Cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/026—Gantry-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
- B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
- B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/04—Processes
- Y10T83/0591—Cutting by direct application of fluent pressure to work
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/364—By fluid blast and/or suction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/869—Means to drive or to guide tool
- Y10T83/8726—Single tool with plural selective driving means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet, including an apparatus for generating a high-pressure abrasive waterjet.
- High-pressure fluid jets including high-pressure abrasive waterjets, are used to cut a wide variety of materials in many different industries.
- Systems for generating high-pressure fluid jets are currently available, for example the Paser 3 system manufactured by Flow International Corporation, the assignee of the present invention. A system of this type is shown and described in Flow's U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,058, which patent is incorporated herein by reference.
- high-pressure fluid typically water
- flows through an orifice in a cutting head to form a high-pressure jet.
- abrasive particles are fed to a mixing chamber and entrained by the jet as the jet flows through the mixing chamber and a mixing tube.
- the high-pressure abrasive waterjet is discharged from the mixing tube and directed toward a workpiece to cut the workpiece along a selected path.
- high-pressure fluid jet and “jet” used throughout should be understood to incorporate all types of high-pressure fluid jets, including but not limited to, high-pressure waterjets and high-pressure abrasive waterjets.
- Such systems are commonly referred to as two-axis, three-axis and five-axis machines.
- Conventional three-axis machines mount the cutting head assembly on a ram that imparts vertical motion along a Z-axis, namely toward and away from the workpiece.
- the ram is mounted to a bridge via a carriage, the carriage being free to move parallel to a longitudinal axis of the bridge in a horizontal plane.
- the bridge is slideably mounted on one or more rails to move in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bridge. In this manner, the high-pressure fluid jet generated by the cutting head assembly is moved along a desired path in an X-Y plane, and is raised and lowered relative to the workpiece, as may be desired.
- Conventional five-axis machines work in a similar manner but provide for movement about two additional rotary axes, typically about one horizontal axis and one vertical axis.
- the present invention provides an improved system for generating a high-pressure fluid jet, for example a high-pressure abrasive waterjet. More particularly, the improved apparatus of the present invention includes a cutting head assembly that carries both an orifice in an orifice mount for generating a high-pressure fluid jet, and a mixing tube positioned within the body of the cutting head downstream of the orifice.
- the cutting head is coupled to a source of high-pressure fluid through a nozzle body, and may also be coupled to a source of abrasive, to generate a high-pressure or high-speed abrasive fluid jet, as is known in the art.
- the orifice mount has a frusto-conical outer surface that seats against a corresponding frusto-conical wall formed in a bore of the cutting head.
- a frusto-conical surface of the orifice mount it is desirable for the frusto-conical surface of the orifice mount to form an included angle of 55-80°.
- applicants have improved the performance of the orifice mount by reducing the length of the frusto-conical surface, such that a radial distance between the midpoint of the frusto-conical surface and the longitudinal axis or centerline of the orifice mount is reduced, as compared to previously available mounts.
- the length of the corresponding frusto-conical bearing surface in the cutting head is also reduced, as compared to conventional systems, and in a preferred embodiment, is less than the length of the frusto-conical surface of the orifice mount.
- a collar is rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube in an upper region of the mixing tube.
- the bore of the cutting head forms a shoulder downstream of a mixing chamber in the cutting head, and flares outward, from a point downstream of the shoulder to the distal end of the cutting head.
- the collar on the mixing tube is sized to slide upward through the bore of the cutting head and seat against the shoulder of the cutting head. Because the collar is rigidly fixed to the outer surface of the mixing tube, it locates the mixing tube in a selected, specific longitudinal position, when the collar registers against the shoulder, thereby preventing the mixing tube from being inserted any farther into the cutting head.
- the collar may be cylindrical, and supported by a collet that is positioned around the mixing tube and inserted into the flared end of the cutting head bore.
- the collar may be substantially frusto-conical, such that it both seats against the shoulder and mates with the conical surface of the bore, thereby locating the mixing tube both longitudinally and radially.
- the mixing tube may be located precisely within the cutting head, wholly eliminating the need for a pin, insert, or other device known in the art to register the mixing tube. In this manner, manufacturing is more simple and cost effective, and the volume of the mixing chamber is not impinged upon by a pin or insert, etc.
- the collar may be rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube at any desired point along the length of the mixing tube, allowing the inlet of the mixing tube to be positioned selectively and accurately.
- operation of the system may be tuned to optimize performance for changes in known operating parameters, such as abrasive size, abrasive type, orifice size and location, fluid pressure, and flow rate.
- High-pressure fluid is provided to the system via a nozzle body coupled to the cutting head.
- the bore of the cutting head is provided with pilot surfaces both upstream and downstream of threads in the cutting head bore.
- an outer surface of the nozzle body is provided with corresponding threads and pilot surfaces upstream and downstream of the nozzle body threads.
- the pilot surfaces of the cutting head engage the corresponding pilot surfaces of the nozzle body when the threads of the nozzle body and a cutting head are engaged.
- a shield is coupled to an end region of the cutting head assembly, surrounding an end region of the mixing tube, to contain the spray of the jet.
- a disk of wear-resistant material such as polyurethane, is positioned in an inner region of the shield.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevational view of an assembly for forming a high-pressure fluid jet, provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view of an orifice mount provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of an orifice mount provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional elevational view of a cutting head provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged detail view of a region of the cutting head shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a nozzle body provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube assembly provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of the mixing tube assembly of FIG. 9A shown mounted in a cutting head body.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged elevational view of an orifice mount and a cutting head provided in accordance with the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1.
- an improved high-pressure abrasive waterjet assembly 10 is provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the assembly 10 includes a cutting head 22 that contains a jewel orifice 20 held by an orifice mount 11 , and mixing tube 49 .
- high-pressure fluid is provided to the orifice 20 through nozzle body 37 to generate a high-pressure fluid jet, into which abrasives may be entrained via port 74 .
- the cutting head is provided with a second port to allow the introduction of a second fluid, for example air, or to allow the cutting head to be connected to a vacuum source or sensors.
- the high-pressure fluid jet and entrained abrasives flow through mixing tube 49 and exit the mixing tube as an abrasive waterjet.
- the orifice mount 11 has a frusto-conical outer surface 12 that seats against a corresponding frusto-conical wall 26 formed in a bore 23 of cutting head 22 .
- a radial distance 13 between a midpoint 15 of the frusto-conical surface 12 and the longitudinal axis or centerline 14 of the orifice mount 11 is reduced, as compared to conventional mounts.
- the mount is more stable when subjected to pressure during operation of the system.
- distance 16 between the midpoint 15 of the frusto-conical surface 12 and a top surface 17 of the orifice mount 11 is also maximized, thereby increasing the stability of the orifice mount under pressure.
- length 69 is 0.1-0.2 inch.
- distance 13 is 0.11-0.19, and preferably 0.15-0.185 inch.
- distance 16 is 0.15-0.3 inch.
- this preferred geometry for the orifice mount 11 is appropriate whether the jewel orifice 20 is recessed below the top surface 17 of mount 11 , or is substantially flush with the top surface of the orifice mount. While the geometry provides improved stability and reduced deformation regardless of the type, location and method of securing the jewel orifice, applicants believe the increased stability achieved in accordance with the present invention is particularly beneficial when the jewel orifice 20 is mounted with a hard seal, for example, with a metallic seal.
- the orifice mount 11 is provided with an annular member 19 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the orifice mount, below the frusto-conical surface 12 .
- the annular member 19 When assembled into a cutting head, the annular member 19 may be aligned with a vent 35 , as shown in FIG. 4A, that is open to atmosphere.
- vent 35 extends laterally from an outer surface 36 of the cutting head 22 to the bore of the cutting head, to a point adjacent the annular member of the orifice mount, downstream of the frusto-conical wall 26 of the cutting head.
- vent 35 relieves a vacuum that typically forms below the orifice mount during operation of the high-pressure fluid jet system.
- a vacuum in this area causes reverse flow of abrasives and results in mixing inefficiency. This problem is reduced in accordance with the present invention.
- the orifice mount 11 is made from a material having a 2% yield strength of above 100,000 psi.
- materials include stainless steel PH 15-5, PH 17-4, and 410/416.
- the cutting head 22 is provided with a bore 23 extending therethrough along a longitudinal axis 24 .
- a first region 25 of the bore 23 forms a frusto-conical wall 26 in the cutting head body.
- a radial distance 27 between the longitudinal axis 24 of the cutting head and a midpoint 28 of the frusto-conical wall 26 is reduced as compared to conventional cutting heads.
- distance 27 is 0.11-0.19 inch, and preferably 0.15-0.185 inch.
- the longitudinal axes of the orifice mount and the cutting head are aligned.
- the midpoint 28 of the frusto-conical wall 26 approximately aligns with the midpoint 15 of frusto-conical surface 12 within a distance of 0.05 inch.
- a ratio of length 68 to diameter 70 is 0.2-0.47.
- a ratio of the length 69 of the frusto-conical surface 12 to diameter 70 is 0.2-0.47.
- nozzle body 37 has a bore 38 extending therethrough along longitudinal axis 39 .
- a first region 40 of nozzle body 37 is provided with a plurality of threads 41 on an outer surface of the nozzle body.
- the nozzle body 37 is further provided with a first pilot wall 42 upstream of the threads 41 and a second pilot wall 43 downstream of threads 41 .
- a region 29 of the bore 23 extending through cutting head 22 is provided with a plurality of threads 30 .
- This region of the cutting head bore is also provided with a first pilot wall 31 upstream of threads 30 and with a second pilot wall 32 , downstream of the threads 30 .
- first and second pilot walls of the cutting head engage the first and second pilot walls of the nozzle body, respectively, thereby increasing the accuracy of the alignment of the nozzle body and cutting head.
- the bore 23 of cutting head 22 further defines a mixing chamber 33 and a shoulder 34 , downstream of mixing chamber 33 .
- a mixing tube 49 having a bore 50 extending therethrough along a longitudinal axis 51 to define an inlet 63 and an outlet 64 , is positioned in the cutting head 22 .
- the mixing tube 49 is provided with a collar 52 rigidly fixed to an outer surface 53 of the mixing tube, in an upper region 54 of the mixing tube.
- the collar can also be formed during the manufacturing process for making the mixing tube and machined to final dimensions by grinding.
- the collar may be made out of metal, plastic, or the same material as the mixing tube.
- the collar 52 has a sufficiently small outer diameter to slide upward through the bore 23 of the cutting head, yet the outer diameter of the collar is sufficiently large that it seats against shoulder 34 and prevents the mixing tube from being inserted further into the cutting head 22 .
- a wall thickness 75 of collar 52 is 0.01-0.2 inch. Because the collar 52 is rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube, it precisely locates the mixing tube axially, within the bore of the cutting head 22 , without the need for pins, inserts or other structure currently used in the art to locate the mixing tube.
- An o-ring 73 may be positioned between the collar 52 and shoulder 34 to seal the mixing chamber 33 from back flow.
- the collar 52 is cylindrical, and is used to position the mixing tube against the collet 71 and collet nut 72 , that is selectively tightened and loosened against the assembly.
- the bore 23 of cutting head 22 is conical downstream of shoulder 34 , to matingly engage the outer walls of collet 71 .
- the collar 52 rests on the upper surface of the collet 71 , preventing the mixing tube 49 from falling out of the cutting head 22 , and from being pulled out of the cutting head.
- FIG. 1 the collar 52 rests on the upper surface of the collet 71 , preventing the mixing tube 49 from falling out of the cutting head 22 , and from being pulled out of the cutting head.
- the collar that is rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube may be frusto-conical, such that when the mixing tube 49 is inserted into the distal end of the cutting head, the collar 58 locates the mixing tube both axially and radially.
- Collar 52 may be rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube 49 at any desired location, to precisely position the inlet 63 of the mixing tube at a specific location in the cutting head bore 23 . While the exact location of collar 52 may be fine tuned depending on the operating parameters, in a preferred embodiment, a distance 57 between a top surface 55 of the mixing tube and a bottom surface 56 of collar 52 is 0.02-2.0 inch. In this manner, the tool tip accuracy of the system is improved.
- the mixing tube 49 is provided with a first cylindrical region 65 adjacent the inlet 63 to the mixing tube, the outer diameter 66 of the first cylindrical region 65 being less than the outer diameter 67 of the mixing tube 49 downstream of the first cylindrical region. In this manner, a step caused by the change in outer diameter of the mixing tube seats against the shoulder 34 in the cutting head 22 , accurately locating the mixing tube in a selected axial position.
- a frusto-conical collar 59 is positioned on mixing tube 49 , which in turn is held via an interference fit in a nut 60 that has threads 61 to engage a threaded inner surface 62 of a cutting head.
- the improved apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet includes a shield 44 coupled to an end region 46 of the cutting head.
- the shield 44 is provided with a flange 45 that forms an interference fit with a groove in the collet nut 72 .
- An annular skirt 47 extends downward from the flange 45 surrounding an end region of the mixing tube 49 .
- the shield substantially contains spray from the fluid jet.
- a disk 48 of wear-resistant material, such as polyurethane is positioned in an inner region of the shield 44 .
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application No. 09/940,689, filed Aug. 27, 2001, now pending, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet, including an apparatus for generating a high-pressure abrasive waterjet.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- High-pressure fluid jets, including high-pressure abrasive waterjets, are used to cut a wide variety of materials in many different industries. Systems for generating high-pressure fluid jets are currently available, for example the Paser3 system manufactured by Flow International Corporation, the assignee of the present invention. A system of this type is shown and described in Flow's U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,058, which patent is incorporated herein by reference. In such systems, high-pressure fluid, typically water, flows through an orifice in a cutting head to form a high-pressure jet. If desired, abrasive particles are fed to a mixing chamber and entrained by the jet as the jet flows through the mixing chamber and a mixing tube. The high-pressure abrasive waterjet is discharged from the mixing tube and directed toward a workpiece to cut the workpiece along a selected path.
- Various systems are currently available to move a high-pressure fluid jet along a selected path. (The terms “high-pressure fluid jet” and “jet” used throughout should be understood to incorporate all types of high-pressure fluid jets, including but not limited to, high-pressure waterjets and high-pressure abrasive waterjets.) Such systems are commonly referred to as two-axis, three-axis and five-axis machines. Conventional three-axis machines mount the cutting head assembly on a ram that imparts vertical motion along a Z-axis, namely toward and away from the workpiece. The ram, in turn, is mounted to a bridge via a carriage, the carriage being free to move parallel to a longitudinal axis of the bridge in a horizontal plane. The bridge is slideably mounted on one or more rails to move in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bridge. In this manner, the high-pressure fluid jet generated by the cutting head assembly is moved along a desired path in an X-Y plane, and is raised and lowered relative to the workpiece, as may be desired. Conventional five-axis machines work in a similar manner but provide for movement about two additional rotary axes, typically about one horizontal axis and one vertical axis.
- Applicants believe it is desirable and possible to provide an improved system for generating a high-speed fluid jet. The present invention provides such a system.
- Briefly, the present invention provides an improved system for generating a high-pressure fluid jet, for example a high-pressure abrasive waterjet. More particularly, the improved apparatus of the present invention includes a cutting head assembly that carries both an orifice in an orifice mount for generating a high-pressure fluid jet, and a mixing tube positioned within the body of the cutting head downstream of the orifice. The cutting head is coupled to a source of high-pressure fluid through a nozzle body, and may also be coupled to a source of abrasive, to generate a high-pressure or high-speed abrasive fluid jet, as is known in the art.
- In accordance with the present invention, the orifice mount has a frusto-conical outer surface that seats against a corresponding frusto-conical wall formed in a bore of the cutting head. As described previously in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,058, it is desirable for the frusto-conical surface of the orifice mount to form an included angle of 55-80°. However, applicants have improved the performance of the orifice mount by reducing the length of the frusto-conical surface, such that a radial distance between the midpoint of the frusto-conical surface and the longitudinal axis or centerline of the orifice mount is reduced, as compared to previously available mounts. The length of the corresponding frusto-conical bearing surface in the cutting head is also reduced, as compared to conventional systems, and in a preferred embodiment, is less than the length of the frusto-conical surface of the orifice mount. By minimizing the distance between the longitudinal axis of the assembly, which corresponds to the longitudinal axis or centerline of the orifice mount and the cutting head, and the center points of the bearing surfaces of the cutting head and the orifice mount, deflection of the mount under pressure is reduced. A distance between the midpoint of the frusto-conical surface of the orifice mount and a top surface of the orifice mount is also maximized to increase the stability of the orifice mount under pressure. By providing apparatus in accordance with the present invention, the wear characteristics and accuracy of the assembly are improved, thereby reducing cost and improving the overall performance of the system.
- In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a collar is rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube in an upper region of the mixing tube. The bore of the cutting head forms a shoulder downstream of a mixing chamber in the cutting head, and flares outward, from a point downstream of the shoulder to the distal end of the cutting head. The collar on the mixing tube is sized to slide upward through the bore of the cutting head and seat against the shoulder of the cutting head. Because the collar is rigidly fixed to the outer surface of the mixing tube, it locates the mixing tube in a selected, specific longitudinal position, when the collar registers against the shoulder, thereby preventing the mixing tube from being inserted any farther into the cutting head.
- The collar may be cylindrical, and supported by a collet that is positioned around the mixing tube and inserted into the flared end of the cutting head bore. Alternatively, the collar may be substantially frusto-conical, such that it both seats against the shoulder and mates with the conical surface of the bore, thereby locating the mixing tube both longitudinally and radially. In this manner, the mixing tube may be located precisely within the cutting head, wholly eliminating the need for a pin, insert, or other device known in the art to register the mixing tube. In this manner, manufacturing is more simple and cost effective, and the volume of the mixing chamber is not impinged upon by a pin or insert, etc. Furthermore, it will be understood that the collar may be rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube at any desired point along the length of the mixing tube, allowing the inlet of the mixing tube to be positioned selectively and accurately. In this manner, operation of the system may be tuned to optimize performance for changes in known operating parameters, such as abrasive size, abrasive type, orifice size and location, fluid pressure, and flow rate.
- High-pressure fluid is provided to the system via a nozzle body coupled to the cutting head. To improve the accuracy of the assembly of the nozzle body with the cutting head, the bore of the cutting head is provided with pilot surfaces both upstream and downstream of threads in the cutting head bore. Likewise, an outer surface of the nozzle body is provided with corresponding threads and pilot surfaces upstream and downstream of the nozzle body threads. In this manner, the pilot surfaces of the cutting head engage the corresponding pilot surfaces of the nozzle body when the threads of the nozzle body and a cutting head are engaged. Applicants believe that this use of two pilot surfaces longitudinally spaced from each other provides improved results over prior art systems that use only one pilot surface.
- A shield is coupled to an end region of the cutting head assembly, surrounding an end region of the mixing tube, to contain the spray of the jet. In a preferred embodiment, a disk of wear-resistant material, such as polyurethane, is positioned in an inner region of the shield.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevational view of an assembly for forming a high-pressure fluid jet, provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view of an orifice mount provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of an orifice mount provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional elevational view of a cutting head provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged detail view of a region of the cutting head shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a nozzle body provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube assembly provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of a mixing tube provided in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of the mixing tube assembly of FIG. 9A shown mounted in a cutting head body.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged elevational view of an orifice mount and a cutting head provided in accordance with the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1.
- As illustrated in FIG. 1, an improved high-pressure
abrasive waterjet assembly 10 is provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. (While the present invention is described herein in the context of an abrasive waterjet, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to abrasive waterjets, but may be used to generate and manipulate any type of high-pressure fluid jet.) Theassembly 10 includes a cuttinghead 22 that contains ajewel orifice 20 held by anorifice mount 11, and mixingtube 49. As is known in the art, high-pressure fluid is provided to theorifice 20 throughnozzle body 37 to generate a high-pressure fluid jet, into which abrasives may be entrained viaport 74. (The cutting head is provided with a second port to allow the introduction of a second fluid, for example air, or to allow the cutting head to be connected to a vacuum source or sensors.) The high-pressure fluid jet and entrained abrasives flow through mixingtube 49 and exit the mixing tube as an abrasive waterjet. - In accordance with the present invention, and as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the
orifice mount 11 has a frusto-conicalouter surface 12 that seats against a corresponding frusto-conical wall 26 formed in abore 23 of cuttinghead 22. As discussed above, it is desirable for the frusto-conical surface 12 of theorifice mount 11 to form an includedangle 18 of 55-80°. This angle allows the orifice mount to be easily placed into and removed from the cutting head. - Applicants however, have further improved the performance of the
orifice mount 11, by reducing thelength 69 of the frusto-conical surface 12. As such, aradial distance 13 between amidpoint 15 of the frusto-conical surface 12 and the longitudinal axis orcenterline 14 of theorifice mount 11 is reduced, as compared to conventional mounts. By minimizing thedistance 13 between the longitudinal axis of the orifice mount and thecenter point 15 of the frusto-conical surface 12, deflection of the mount adjacent thejewel orifice 20 when under pressure is reduced. Furthermore, by reducingdistance 13, the mount is more stable when subjected to pressure during operation of the system. To further improve the accuracy of the system,distance 16 between themidpoint 15 of the frusto-conical surface 12 and atop surface 17 of theorifice mount 11 is also maximized, thereby increasing the stability of the orifice mount under pressure. In a preferred embodiment,length 69 is 0.1-0.2 inch. In a preferred embodiment,distance 13 is 0.11-0.19, and preferably 0.15-0.185 inch. In a preferred embodiment,distance 16 is 0.15-0.3 inch. - As seen in FIG. 3, this preferred geometry for the
orifice mount 11 is appropriate whether thejewel orifice 20 is recessed below thetop surface 17 ofmount 11, or is substantially flush with the top surface of the orifice mount. While the geometry provides improved stability and reduced deformation regardless of the type, location and method of securing the jewel orifice, applicants believe the increased stability achieved in accordance with the present invention is particularly beneficial when thejewel orifice 20 is mounted with a hard seal, for example, with a metallic seal. - In an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the
orifice mount 11 is provided with anannular member 19 extending parallel to thelongitudinal axis 14 of the orifice mount, below the frusto-conical surface 12. When assembled into a cutting head, theannular member 19 may be aligned with avent 35, as shown in FIG. 4A, that is open to atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment, vent 35 extends laterally from anouter surface 36 of the cuttinghead 22 to the bore of the cutting head, to a point adjacent the annular member of the orifice mount, downstream of the frusto-conical wall 26 of the cutting head. The provision of avent 35 relieves a vacuum that typically forms below the orifice mount during operation of the high-pressure fluid jet system. A vacuum in this area causes reverse flow of abrasives and results in mixing inefficiency. This problem is reduced in accordance with the present invention. - In a preferred embodiment, the
orifice mount 11 is made from a material having a 2% yield strength of above 100,000 psi. Examples of preferred materials include stainless steel PH 15-5, PH 17-4, and 410/416. - As best seen in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and10, the cutting
head 22 is provided with abore 23 extending therethrough along alongitudinal axis 24. Afirst region 25 of thebore 23 forms a frusto-conical wall 26 in the cutting head body. Similar to the structure of theorifice mount 11, aradial distance 27 between thelongitudinal axis 24 of the cutting head and amidpoint 28 of the frusto-conical wall 26 is reduced as compared to conventional cutting heads. In a preferred embodiment,distance 27 is 0.11-0.19 inch, and preferably 0.15-0.185 inch. It will be appreciated from the drawings that when theorifice mount 11 is positioned in the cuttinghead 22, the longitudinal axes of the orifice mount and the cutting head are aligned. Also, in a preferred embodiment, themidpoint 28 of the frusto-conical wall 26 approximately aligns with themidpoint 15 of frusto-conical surface 12 within a distance of 0.05 inch. Given that thelength 68 of the frusto-conical wall 26 must be sufficient to support the load created by the pressure acting on adiameter 70 of abore 38 ofnozzle body 37, a ratio oflength 68 todiameter 70 is 0.2-0.47. Similarly, in a preferred embodiment, a ratio of thelength 69 of the frusto-conical surface 12 todiameter 70 is 0.2-0.47. - As discussed previously, high-pressure fluid is provided to the cutting head via
nozzle body 37. As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 5,nozzle body 37 has abore 38 extending therethrough alonglongitudinal axis 39. Afirst region 40 ofnozzle body 37 is provided with a plurality ofthreads 41 on an outer surface of the nozzle body. Thenozzle body 37 is further provided with afirst pilot wall 42 upstream of thethreads 41 and asecond pilot wall 43 downstream ofthreads 41. As best seen in FIG. 4A, aregion 29 of thebore 23 extending through cuttinghead 22 is provided with a plurality ofthreads 30. This region of the cutting head bore is also provided with afirst pilot wall 31 upstream ofthreads 30 and with asecond pilot wall 32, downstream of thethreads 30. When thenozzle body 37 is screwed into cuttinghead 22, the first and second pilot walls of the cutting head engage the first and second pilot walls of the nozzle body, respectively, thereby increasing the accuracy of the alignment of the nozzle body and cutting head. Applicants believe that providing two pilot diameters, longitudinally spaced from one another, provides improved results over conventional systems that use only a single pilot surface. - As further illustrated in FIG. 4A, the
bore 23 of cuttinghead 22 further defines a mixingchamber 33 and ashoulder 34, downstream of mixingchamber 33. In a preferred embodiment, a mixingtube 49, having abore 50 extending therethrough along alongitudinal axis 51 to define aninlet 63 and anoutlet 64, is positioned in the cuttinghead 22. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the mixingtube 49 is provided with acollar 52 rigidly fixed to anouter surface 53 of the mixing tube, in anupper region 54 of the mixing tube. To rigidly affix the collar to the mixing tube, a variety of methods may be used, including press fitting, shrink fitting, or a suitable adhesive material. The collar can also be formed during the manufacturing process for making the mixing tube and machined to final dimensions by grinding. The collar may be made out of metal, plastic, or the same material as the mixing tube. - The
collar 52 has a sufficiently small outer diameter to slide upward through thebore 23 of the cutting head, yet the outer diameter of the collar is sufficiently large that it seats againstshoulder 34 and prevents the mixing tube from being inserted further into the cuttinghead 22. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, awall thickness 75 ofcollar 52 is 0.01-0.2 inch. Because thecollar 52 is rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube, it precisely locates the mixing tube axially, within the bore of the cuttinghead 22, without the need for pins, inserts or other structure currently used in the art to locate the mixing tube. An o-ring 73 may be positioned between thecollar 52 andshoulder 34 to seal the mixingchamber 33 from back flow. - In a preferred embodiment, the
collar 52 is cylindrical, and is used to position the mixing tube against thecollet 71 andcollet nut 72, that is selectively tightened and loosened against the assembly. As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 4A, thebore 23 of cuttinghead 22 is conical downstream ofshoulder 34, to matingly engage the outer walls ofcollet 71. When thecollet nut 72 is loosened, thecollar 52 rests on the upper surface of thecollet 71, preventing the mixingtube 49 from falling out of the cuttinghead 22, and from being pulled out of the cutting head. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the collar that is rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixing tube may be frusto-conical, such that when the mixingtube 49 is inserted into the distal end of the cutting head, thecollar 58 locates the mixing tube both axially and radially. -
Collar 52 may be rigidly fixed to an outer surface of the mixingtube 49 at any desired location, to precisely position theinlet 63 of the mixing tube at a specific location in the cutting head bore 23. While the exact location ofcollar 52 may be fine tuned depending on the operating parameters, in a preferred embodiment, adistance 57 between a top surface 55 of the mixing tube and abottom surface 56 ofcollar 52 is 0.02-2.0 inch. In this manner, the tool tip accuracy of the system is improved. - In an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the mixing
tube 49 is provided with a firstcylindrical region 65 adjacent theinlet 63 to the mixing tube, theouter diameter 66 of the firstcylindrical region 65 being less than theouter diameter 67 of the mixingtube 49 downstream of the first cylindrical region. In this manner, a step caused by the change in outer diameter of the mixing tube seats against theshoulder 34 in the cuttinghead 22, accurately locating the mixing tube in a selected axial position. - In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a frusto-
conical collar 59 is positioned on mixingtube 49, which in turn is held via an interference fit in anut 60 that hasthreads 61 to engage a threadedinner surface 62 of a cutting head. - As seen in FIG. 1, the improved apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet provided in accordance with the present invention, includes a
shield 44 coupled to anend region 46 of the cutting head. Theshield 44 is provided with aflange 45 that forms an interference fit with a groove in thecollet nut 72. Anannular skirt 47 extends downward from theflange 45 surrounding an end region of the mixingtube 49. In this manner, the shield substantially contains spray from the fluid jet. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, adisk 48 of wear-resistant material, such as polyurethane, is positioned in an inner region of theshield 44. - From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.
Claims (33)
Priority Applications (21)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/114,920 US20030037654A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-04-01 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
PCT/US2002/027238 WO2003018259A2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
EP20080000702 EP1908550A3 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
JP2003522759A JP2005500175A (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
DE2002220518 DE20220518U1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Mixing tube for a cutting head of a high pressure fluid jet cutting system |
ES08000703T ES2344165T3 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | APPLIANCE FOR GENERATING A HIGH PRESSURE FLUID JET. |
CA 2457530 CA2457530A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
DE2002220517 DE20220517U1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Nozzle carrier for a cutting head of a high-pressure fluid jet cutting system |
DE60236118T DE60236118D1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Device for generating a high-pressure liquid jet |
AU2002313821A AU2002313821A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
DE2002624683 DE60224683T2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A HIGH-PRESSURE WATER JET |
EP02753542A EP1423235B1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
AT08000703T ATE464979T1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | DEVICE FOR GENERATING A HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID JET |
AT02753542T ATE383925T1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | DEVICE FOR GENERATING A HIGH-PRESSURE WATER JET |
EP20080000704 EP1908552A3 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
ES02753542T ES2299592T3 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | APPLIANCE FOR GENERATING A HIGH PRESSURE FLUID JET. |
EP20080000703 EP1908551B1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
EP20080000705 EP1908553A3 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
MXPA04001961A MXPA04001961A (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-26 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet. |
TW91119399A TW564201B (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-08-27 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
US10/717,744 US20040107810A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2003-11-20 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/940,689 US7464630B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2001-08-27 | Apparatus for generating and manipulating a high-pressure fluid jet |
US10/114,920 US20030037654A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-04-01 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
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US10/114,920 Abandoned US20030037654A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2002-04-01 | Apparatus for generating a high-pressure fluid jet |
US12/013,956 Expired - Fee Related US7703363B2 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2008-01-14 | Apparatus for generating and manipulating a high-pressure fluid jet |
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EP (2) | EP1980368B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2005500180A (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60224683T2 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
DE60224683D1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
US7703363B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
ATE485921T1 (en) | 2010-11-15 |
CA2458882A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
US7464630B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
ATE464979T1 (en) | 2010-05-15 |
DE60238151D1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
EP1423240A2 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
AU2002327541A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 |
EP1423240B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
US20030037650A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
JP2005500180A (en) | 2005-01-06 |
ES2353267T3 (en) | 2011-02-28 |
DE60236118D1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
JP2009039857A (en) | 2009-02-26 |
EP1980368A2 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
WO2003018266A3 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
WO2003018266A2 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
MXPA04001962A (en) | 2005-02-17 |
US20080110312A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
DE60232801D1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
EP1980368B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
TW555623B (en) | 2003-10-01 |
ATE435094T1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
ES2344165T3 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
EP1980368A3 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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