US20030083439A1 - Molding material for plastic lens - Google Patents
Molding material for plastic lens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030083439A1 US20030083439A1 US10/190,995 US19099502A US2003083439A1 US 20030083439 A1 US20030083439 A1 US 20030083439A1 US 19099502 A US19099502 A US 19099502A US 2003083439 A1 US2003083439 A1 US 2003083439A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molecular weight
- average molecular
- aromatic vinyl
- vinyl polymer
- hydrogenated product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 aromatic vinyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QEDJMOONZLUIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OJHQXSRIBZMCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJHQXSRIBZMCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POZGETMIPGBFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 POZGETMIPGBFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SQHOHKQMTHROSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SQHOHKQMTHROSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ANGVCCXFJKHNDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ANGVCCXFJKHNDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- LEEANUDEDHYDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCC(C)OC LEEANUDEDHYDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCCC GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUSXYCTXXLYBGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C(C(C)C)=C1 OUSXYCTXXLYBGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTKZHEXXFWCYCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butyl-2-ethenyl-1-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C=C UTKZHEXXFWCYCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001934 cyclohexanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003518 norbornenyl group Chemical group C12(C=CC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPBZZPOGZPKYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxypropane Chemical compound CCOCC(C)OCC VPBZZPOGZPKYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIHAWQOFHTYWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diethoxybutane Chemical compound CCOCCCCOCC IIHAWQOFHTYWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMCUNLUHTBHKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethoxybutane Chemical compound COCCCCOC HMCUNLUHTBHKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMGJMGFZLXYHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxypropoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCCCC QMGJMGFZLXYHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMBETQHZHCXGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-octoxyethoxy)octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOCCOCCCCCCCC SJMBETQHZHCXGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNVSOMKWPGPNOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-pentoxyethoxy)pentane Chemical compound CCCCCOCCOCCCCC LNVSOMKWPGPNOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQSLKNLISLWZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-propoxyethoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOCCOCCC HQSLKNLISLWZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOC CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCC PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQAYBCWERYRAMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-3-methylbutane Chemical compound COCCC(C)C ZQAYBCWERYRAMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOCCCCC AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEAIWCFLDKVTJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-chloro-n,n-dimethylspiro[cyclohex-2-ene-4,11'-dibenzo[1,3-e:1',2'-f][7]annulene]-1-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(N(C)C)CCC21C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C12 OEAIWCFLDKVTJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound ClC(=C)C#N OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBKNKFIRGXQLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroethenylbenzene Chemical compound FC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KBKNKFIRGXQLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFQVEYUAIINTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxybenzene Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 IFQVEYUAIINTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)C RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCSGHNKDXGYELG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethoxybenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 XCSGHNKDXGYELG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYMZEPRSPLASMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 IYMZEPRSPLASMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REVVFBIOIFGJRH-JTQLQIEISA-N 4-[[(2s)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]amino]benzaldehyde Chemical compound CC[C@@H](CO)NC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 REVVFBIOIFGJRH-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJMYXHKGEGNLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OCCNC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O QJMYXHKGEGNLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisoamyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCCC(C)C AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXXUYORAHKLDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]C1CCC([Li])C(CC)C1 Chemical compound [Li]C1CCC([Li])C(CC)C1 LXXUYORAHKLDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZEZSORUWZUMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]CCCC[Li] Chemical compound [Li]CCCC[Li] BZEZSORUWZUMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARCHVGRSBFXDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li]c1cc([Li])cc([Li])c1 Chemical compound [Li]c1cc([Li])cc([Li])c1 ARCHVGRSBFXDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical class CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150059062 apln gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MYONAGGJKCJOBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzimidazol-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(=O)N=C21 MYONAGGJKCJOBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;hexane Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCC[CH2-] CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004337 magnesium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IJJSYKQZFFGIEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;potassium Chemical compound [K].C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 IJJSYKQZFFGIEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXNVXOMQQCBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 URXNVXOMQQCBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CC=C1 NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099800 pigment red 48 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRLVQFQTCMUIRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;2-methylbutan-2-olate Chemical compound [K+].CCC(C)(C)[O-] ZRLVQFQTCMUIRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYHFKPVCBCYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinuclidine Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1CC2 SBYHFKPVCBCYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/041—Lenses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/04—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to molding materials for plastic lenses, and more particularly to molding materials for plastic lenses, which have excellent strength properties, heat resistance, and molding and processing ability and are capable of forming plastic lenses sufficiently small in birefringence.
- the present invention also relates to plastic lenses molded from such a molding material.
- the present invention further relates to hydrogenated products of aromatic vinyl polymers, which are suitable for use in such optical materials, and a production process thereof.
- Optical lenses molded from a plastic material have such features that they are excellent in impact resistance and formability, light-weight, capable of being colored and low in cost.
- properties of polymers used in molding materials for plastic lenses it is particularly important to be excellent in transparency, moldability, mechanical properties, low water absorption property, heat resistance, chemical resistance and the like and small in birefringence.
- polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has far excellent transparency and weather resistance and is a typical isotropic substance hardly causing birefringence.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- polystyrene is somewhat poor in transparency compared with PMMA, but has features that the light transmittance is high, the moldability and mechanical properties are good and the water absorption property is low.
- polystyrene has a drawback that it tends to cause birefringence.
- the birefringence means a phenomenon that two refracted rays appear when light is incident on an anisotropic medium. More specifically, the birefringence is a phenomenon that light incident on an anisotropic material is divided into two light waves respectively having vibration directions perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, plastic materials used in application fields such as optical lenses in particular are required to be optically isotropic and hardly cause birefringence.
- the optical anisotropy is mainly controlled by a difference in the principal polarizability of a repeating unit. Benzene is great in the difference between polarizability in a plane direction and polarizability in a vertical direction. Accordingly, polymers having a benzene ring in their molecules, such as polystyrene, tend to cause birefringence.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 132603/1989 discloses a process for producing a hydrogenated product of polystyrene, in which azobisisobutyronitrile is used as a polymerization initiator to radical polymerize styrene, thereby synthesizing polystyrene, and the benzene rings in the polystyrene are then hydrogenated at a hydrogenation rate (degree of hydrogenation) of at least 30%.
- the hydrogenation rate of the benzene rings is as low as 60 to 80% in the case of a molecular weight as comparatively high as 100,000 to 120,000 in terms of a weight average molecular weight (Mw), and so the birefringence is not sufficiently reduced, whereas the hydrogenation rate of the benzene rings is high in the case of a molecular weight as comparatively low as 60,000 to 80,000 in terms of a weight average molecular weight (Mw), and so the birefringence is sufficiently reduced.
- such a low-molecular weight polymer is poor in strength properties.
- the hydrogenated products of polystyrene disclosed in the publication involve a problem that since the molecular weight distribution of polystyrene itself is comparatively wide, and the molecular weight distribution becomes wider due to the hydrogenation reaction, the strength properties and heat resistance of the hydrogenated products are lowered. Accordingly, the hydrogenated products described in the publication are not polymers having high strength properties and sufficiently small birefringence, and are hence poor in the balance between them.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 75001/1992 discloses a process for producing a hydrogenated product of polystyrene, in which benzoyl peroxide is used as a polymerization initiator to radical polymerizing styrene, thereby synthesizing polystyrene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 320,000, and the benzene rings in the polystyrene are then hydrogenated at a hydrogenation rate of 100%.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- this hydrogenated product is wide in molecular weight distribution and contains a low-molecular weight component in a high proportion and hence involves a problem that when a plastic lens is molded therefrom, the lens cannot be provided as a plastic lens having sufficient strength properties and heat resistance.
- the plastic materials used in optical lenses tend to cause birefringence based on molecular orientation and mechanical strain upon molding.
- the plastic materials are excellent in moldability and can be molded into optical lenses by injection molding, extrusion, press molding or the like.
- the plastic materials tend to cause molecular orientation and also to cause mechanical strain resulting from residual stress upon molding.
- the plastic materials are required to reduce birefringence based on molecular orientation and mechanical strain so as to permit the molding of optical lenses little in optical strain.
- the plastic materials are required not to cause such problems that an optical lens cracks upon molding.
- the molding materials for plastic lenses are required to have excellent molding and processing ability that neither birefringence nor cracking is caused.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a plastic lens molded from the molding material for plastic lenses having such excellent various properties.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, which has such excellent various properties in combination and is suitable for use as optical materials including a molding material for plastic lenses, and a production process thereof.
- optical lenses having particularly high strength properties and extremely low birefringence in combination can be molded with good molding and processing ability from those having a hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings of at least 97%, a weight average molecular weight within a range of 100,000 to 300,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at most 2.0 among such hydrogenated products.
- Such specific hydrogenated products are novel substances not described in any literature.
- Such hydrogenated products can be obtained by synthesizing an aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight within a comparatively high range and an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution by preferably a solution polymerization process and then subjecting the polymer to a hydrogenation reaction at a high hydrogenation rate in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
- the aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight within a comparatively high range and an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution permits easily raising the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings thereof though it is high-molecular weight.
- the scission of its molecular chain upon the hydrogenation reaction is suppressed, whereby a hydrogenated product high in molecular weight, narrow in molecular weight distribution, low in the content of a low-molecular weight component and high in hydrogenation rate can be obtained.
- the hydrogenated product having such physical properties can provide plastic lenses balanced among various properties such as strength properties, heat resistance and low birefringence at a high level.
- a molding material for plastic lenses comprising a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
- a plastic lens obtained by molding the molding material for plastic lenses.
- a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer obtained by hydrogenating the aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
- a process for producing a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl polymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound comprising polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound to synthesize an aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 400,000 and a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 2.0 and then subjecting the aromatic vinyl polymer to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a hydrogenated product having the following properties:
- the hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer useful in the practice of the present invention is obtained by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl homopolymer or a (co)polymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and a monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- aromatic vinyl compound a compound having an aromatic ring and a polymerizable vinyl group.
- R 1 means a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group
- R 2 to R 6 independently denote a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, is generally used.
- the alkyl group of R 1 in the formula (1) is preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and amyl groups.
- R 2 to R 6 are preferably hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups, more preferably hydrogen atoms or the same lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms as mentioned above.
- the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- aromatic vinyl compound examples include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -ethylstyrene, ⁇ -propylstyrene, ⁇ -isopropylstyrene, ⁇ -tert-butylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2,4-diisopropylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-tert-butyl-styrene, 5-tert-butyl-2-methylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and monofluorostyrene.
- aromatic vinyl compounds may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene and 1,3-hexadiene; unsaturated nitrile monomers such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and ⁇ -chloro-acrylonitrile; (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers such as methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate; unsaturated fatty acid monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride; and phenylmaleimide.
- conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene and 1,3-hexadiene
- unsaturated nitrile monomers such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and ⁇ -chloro-acrylonitrile
- the content of the aromatic vinyl compound unit in the aromatic vinyl polymer is suitably selected as necessary for the end application intended. However, it is generally at least 50 wt. %, preferably at least 70 wt. %, more preferably at least 90 wt. %, most preferably 100 wt. %.
- the birefringence of the resulting hydrogenated product becomes smaller as the proportion of the aromatic vinyl compound in the aromatic vinyl polymer is higher.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl compound is preferably higher.
- aromatic vinyl compound as used herein means not only the case where the aromatic vinyl compound alone is used, but also the case where the copolymerizable monomer is used in combination unless expressly noted.
- aromatic vinyl polymer means not only a homopolymer of the aromatic vinyl compound, but also a copolymer of the aromatic vinyl compound and the monomer copolymerizable therewith unless expressly noted.
- the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings in the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer is at least 97% of the whole aromatic ring.
- the hydrogenation rate is preferably at least 98%, more preferably 99 to 100%. If the hydrogenation rate of the aromatic rings is low, the birefringence of the resulting hydrogenated product cannot be made sufficiently small. It is hence not preferable to hydrogenate the aromatic rings at such a low hydrogenation rate.
- the hydrogenation rate of the aromatic rings can be determined by a 1 H-NMR measuring method in accordance with a method known per se in the art.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer used in the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention is within a range of 50,000 to 500,000, preferably 90,000 to 300,000, more preferably 100,000 to 300,000, most preferably 100,000 to 250,000 in terms of polystyrene as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is too low, the strength properties of the resulting molding material are lowered. If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is too high, the molding and processing ability of the resulting molding material is lowered, and birefringence based on molecular orientation and mechanical strain upon molding tends to become great.
- the molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer used in the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention means a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn), both, in terms of polystyrene as measured by GPC and is at most 2.5, preferably at most 2.3, more preferably at most 2.0, most preferably at most 1.9. If the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer is too great, the strength properties of the hydrogenated product is lowered to a great extent, and its glass transition temperature also shows a tendency to lower. Therefore, any optical lens sufficiently satisfying strength properties and heat resistance cannot be provided.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated product is generally about 1.0, and often about 1.3.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated product are controlled within a range of 100,000 to 300,000 and to at most 1.8, respectively, whereby the hydrogenated product can be provided as a hydrogenated product combining particularly high strength properties with low birefringence.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000, preferably a range of 100,000 to 250,000, more preferably a range of 140,000 to 230,000;
- (c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0, preferably at most 1.9, more preferably at most 1.8 are novel substance not described in any literature, and particularly suitable for use as molding materials for plastic lenses because they are balanced among strength properties, heat resistance, molding and processing ability, and low birefringence at a high level.
- the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer used in the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention can be produced by radical polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound using a radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile and then hydrogenating the resultant aromatic vinyl polymer.
- a radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile
- the hydrogenated product having the above-described properties (a) to (c) can be preferably produced by a process comprising using an organic alkali metal as an initiator to solution-polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound in an organic solvent, and then hydrogenating the resultant aromatic vinyl polymer having a high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution.
- the aromatic vinyl compound is first polymerized to synthesize an aromatic vinyl polymer having (A) a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 400,000, preferably 100,000 to 300,000, more preferably 100,000 to 250,000 and (B) a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 2.0, preferably at most 1.8, more preferably at most 1.5, and often a range of 1.0 to 1.2, and the aromatic vinyl polymer is then subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated product having the above-described properties (a) to (c).
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the aromatic vinyl polymer to be subjected to the hydrogenation reaction is extremely high, it is difficult to conduct the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic rings at a high hydrogenation rate, and a molecular chain scissoring reaction, which is a competitive reaction, proceeds if the hydrogenation reaction is allowed to proceed until the hydrogenation rate reaches about 100%, so that the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the resulting hydrogenated product becomes wider, and the strength properties and heat resistance thereof are lowered because a low-molecular weight component increases.
- any weight average molecular weight too low results in a failure to provide an optical lens sufficiently satisfying strength properties and heat resistance.
- the aromatic vinyl polymer having the properties (A) and (B) can preferably be obtained by solution-polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound using an organic alkali metal as an initiator in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of a Lewis base if desired. According to this solution polymerization process, an aromatic vinyl polymer having a high molecular weight and an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution can be synthesized with ease.
- organic alkali metal examples include monoorganolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, hexyllithium, phenyllithium and stilbenelithium; polyfunctional organolithium compounds such as dilithiomethane, 1,4-dilithiobutane, 1,4-dilithio-2-ethylcyclohexane and 1,3,5-trilithiobenzene; sodium naphthalene; and potassium naphthalene.
- the organolithium compounds are preferred, with the monoorganolithium compounds being particularly preferred.
- organic alkali metals may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- the amount of the organic alkali metal used is suitably selected according to the molecular weight required of the polymer formed. It is generally within a range of 0.05 to 100 mmol, preferably 0.10 to 50 mmol, more preferably 0.15 to 20 mmol per 100 parts by weight of the monomer.
- hydrocarbon solvent so far as it destroys the organic alkali metal initiator.
- examples thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and isooctane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane and decalin; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene.
- the use of an aliphatic hydrocarbon or alicyclic hydrocarbon is preferred because the hydrogenation reaction can be conducted as it is after the polymerization.
- These hydrocarbon solvents may be used either singly or in any combination thereof in an amount sufficient for the concentration of the monomer to amount to generally 1 to 30 wt. %.
- the Lewis base is useful in that an aromatic vinyl polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution is provided.
- the Lewis base includes ether compounds; tertiary amine compounds such as tetramethylethylene-diamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine and quinuclidine; alkali metal alkoxides such as potassium tert-amyloxide and potassium tert-butoxide; and phosphine compounds such as triphenylphosphine.
- the ether compounds are particularly preferred because the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the resulting aromatic vinyl polymer can be sufficiently narrowed.
- ether compounds No particular limitation is imposed on the ether compounds. However, those having generally 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 50, more preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms are preferably used. Specific examples thereof include aliphatic monoethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diamyl ether, diisoamyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl isopropyl ether and ethyl butyl ether; aromatic monoethers such as anisole, phenetole, diphenyl ether and dibenzyl ether; cyclic monoethers such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran; alkylene glycol dialkyl ethers such as ethylene glyco
- Lewis base compounds may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- the amount of the Lewis base compound used is within a range of generally 0.001 to 10.0 mmol, preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mmol, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mmol per mole of the organic alkali metal.
- the polymerization reaction may be either an isothermal reaction or an adiabatic reaction, and is carried out in a polymerization temperature range of generally 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to 120° C.
- the polymerization time is within a range of 0.01 to 20 hours, preferably 0.1 to 10 hours.
- the polymer can be recovered by the publicly known method such as steam stripping, direct desolvating or alcoholic solidifying.
- the polymer may be fed to a hydrogenating step as it is without recovering the polymer from a polymer solution when a solvent inert to the hydrogenation reaction is used upon the polymerization.
- a hydrogenation process by which the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings is high, and a polymer chain is scarcely scissored, is preferred.
- a hydrogenation catalyst containing at least one metal selected from among nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium and rhenium can be used in an organic solvent to conduct a hydrogenation reaction.
- a nickel catalyst is preferred because a hydrogenated product having a particularly narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is provided.
- the hydrogenation catalyst may be either a heterogeneous catalyst or a homogeneous catalyst.
- the heterogeneous catalyst may be used in the form of a metal or metal compound as it is, or by supporting it on a proper carrier.
- the carrier include active carbon, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, titania, magnesia, zirconia, diatomaceous earth and silicon carbide.
- the amount of the hydrogenation catalyst supported on the carrier is within a range of generally 0.01 to 80 wt. %, preferably 0.05 to 60 wt. %.
- the homogeneous catalyst there may be used a catalyst obtained by combining nickel, cobalt, titanium or iron compound with a organometallic compound (for example, organoaluminum or organolithium compound); or an organometallic complex of rhodium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhenium or the like.
- a organometallic compound for example, organoaluminum or organolithium compound
- an organometallic complex of rhodium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhenium or the like examples of the nickel, cobalt, titanium or iron compound used in the homogeneous catalyst include acetylacetone salts, naphthenates, cyclopentadienyl compounds and cyclopentadienyldichloro compounds of these various metals.
- an alkylaluminum such as triethylaluminum or triisobutylaluminum
- an alkylaluminum halide such as diethylaluminum chloride or ethylaluminum dichloride
- an alkylaluminum hydride such as diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- the organometallic complex there may be used, for example, a ⁇ -dichloro- ⁇ -benzene complex, dichloro-tris(triphenylphosphine) complex or hydrido-chloro-tris(triphenylphosphine) complex of any of the above-mentioned metals.
- These hydrogenation catalyst may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- the amount of the hydrogenated catalyst used is within a range of generally 0.03 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.16 to 33 parts by weight, more preferably 0.33 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the aromatic vinyl polymer.
- Examples of the organic solvent include the above-mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbons; the above-mentioned alicyclic hydrocarbons; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; alcohols; and esters. These organic solvents may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- the amount of the organic solvent used is within a range sufficient for the concentration of the aromatic vinyl polymer to amount to generally 1 to 50 wt. %, preferably 3 to 40 wt. %, more preferably 5 to 30 wt. %.
- the hydrogenation reaction is performed at a temperature within a range of generally 10 to 250° C., preferably 50 to 200° C., more preferably 80 to 180° C. under a hydrogen pressure within a range of generally 1 to 300 kg/cm 2 , preferably 10 to 250 kg/cm 2 , more preferably 20 to 200 kg/cm 2 .
- hydrogen molecular hydrogen is generally used.
- the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention comprises the above-described hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer as an essential component, and may contain other resins as needed.
- the other resin component examples thereof include general resins used in ordinary plastic lenses.
- Specific examples thereof include general-purpose transparent plastics such as polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, poly(4-methyl-pentene-1), cyclohexyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymers and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers (AS resins); alicyclic acrylic resins (Optolets OZ-1000; product of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and MS resins (product of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- AS resins acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers
- alicyclic acrylic resins Optolets OZ-1000; product of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- MS resins product of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.
- cycloolefin resins may also be mentioned. Specific examples thereof include ⁇ circle over (1) ⁇ addition (co)polymers of alicyclic monomers having a norbornene ring described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 292020/1995, ⁇ circle over (2) ⁇ ring-opening (co)polymers of alicyclic monomers having a norbornene ring described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 363312/1992 and 77520/1992, ⁇ circle over (3) ⁇ addition (co)polymers of cyclic conjugated diene monomers described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- These other resins may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- the content of the other resins in the resin component is suitably selected within limits not impeding the objects of the present invention. However, it is generally 50 wt. % or lower, preferably 30 wt. % or lower, more preferably 10 wt. % or lower.
- the plastic lenses according to the present invention may be get to have a filtering function by uniformly dispersing and blending an absorbent which absorbs only rays in a specific wavelength region, and a colorant such as a dye or pigment.
- a colorant such as a dye or pigment.
- absorbent and colorant include near infrared absorbents which selectively absorb rays in an optional wavelength region in a near infrared wavelength region of 600 to 2,500 nm; and colorants such as dyes and pigments, which selectively absorb rays in a visible wavelength region of 600 or shorter. These absorbents and colorants are blended into the molding material for plastic lenses before use.
- the near infrared absorbents include cyanine type near infrared absorbents, pyrylium type near infrared absorbents, squalyrium type near infrared absorbents, croconium type near infrared absorbents, azulenium type near infrared absorbents, phthalocyanine type near infrared absorbents, dithiol metal complex type near infrared absorbents, naphthoquinone type near infrared absorbents, anthraquinone type near infrared absorbents, indophenol type near infrared absorbents, and azi type near infrared absorbents.
- SIR-103 As examples of commercially available near infrared absorbents, may be mentioned SIR-103, SIR-114, SIR-128, SIR-130, SIR-132, SIR-152, SIR-159 and SIR-162 (all, products of Mitsui Toatsu Dye Co., Ltd.), and Kayasorb IR-750, Kayasorb IRG-002, Kayasorb IRG-003, IR-820B, Kayasorb IRG-022, Kayasorb IRG-023, Kayasorb CY-2, Kayasorb cCY-4 and Kayasorb CY-9 (all, products of Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.).
- the colorants may be mentioned organic colorants and inorganic colorants. However, the organic colorants are preferred from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing ability. As the organic colorants, there may be used organic pigments and dyes. The dyes are preferably insoluble in water.
- organic colorants may be mentioned diarylide pigments such as Pigment Red 38; azo lake pigments such as Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 53 and Pigment Red 57:1; condensed azo pigments such as Pigment Red 144, Pigment Red 166, Pigment Red 220, Pigment Red 221 and Pigment Red 248; benzimidazolone pigments such as Pigment Red 171, Pigment Red 175, Pigment Red 176, Pigment Red 185 and Pigment Red 208; quinacridone pigments such as Pigment Red 122; perylene pigments such as Pigment Red 149, Pigment Red 178 and Pigment Red 179; anthraquinone pigments such as Pigment Red 177; and anthraquinone color dyes.
- diarylide pigments such as Pigment Red 38
- azo lake pigments such as Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 53 and Pigment Red 57:1
- condensed azo pigments such as Pigment Red 144, Pigment Red 166, Pig
- absorbents and colorants may be used either singly or in any combination thereof, and suitably selected as necessary for the end application intended.
- the molding materials for plastic lenses may be incorporated various compounding ingredients as needed.
- the compounding ingredients include antioxidants such as the phenol, phosphite and thiol types; ultraviolet absorbents such as the hindered phenol type; parting agents such as aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic esters, aromatic esters, triglycerides, fluorine-containing surfactants and higher fatty acid metal salts; lubricants; plasticizers; antistatic agents; and heavy metal deactivators.
- antioxidants such as the phenol, phosphite and thiol types
- ultraviolet absorbents such as the hindered phenol type
- parting agents such as aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic esters, aromatic esters, triglycerides, fluorine-containing surfactants and higher fatty acid metal salts
- lubricants plasticizers
- antistatic agents and heavy metal deactivators.
- the plastic lenses according to the present invention mean optical lenses obtained by using a plastic material comprising the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer as a principal component to conduct molding and processing.
- the optical lenses so far as they have a function of transmitting a light beam having a continuous wavelength distribution, such as sunbeam, or a light beam having a single wavelength, such as a laser beam to change the optical path of such a light beam.
- typical examples thereof include single lenses.
- the single lens means a transparent body surrounded by at least two spherical faces, aspherical faces or plane faces and can be classified into a lens having a function of focusing a light beam, a lens having a function of diverging a light beam and a lens having a function of refracting a light beam.
- a prism As a typical single lens composed mainly of plane faces and having a function of refracting a light beam, may be mentioned a prism.
- Other single lenses than the prism are composed mainly of a spherical face and a plane face, characterized in that they have a focal point, and can be classified into a lens having a function of focusing a light beam on the focal point and a lens having a function of diverging a light beam from the focal point.
- the single lenses having a focal point include spherical lenses and aspherical lenses.
- the spherical lenses can be classified into 6 basic forms of double-convex lens, double-concave lens, plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens, meniscus convex lens and meniscus concave lens from their shapes.
- the lenses having a convex face have a function of focusing a light beam, while the lenses having a concave face have a function of diverging a light beam.
- the meniscus lenses mean lenses the edge of which is curved in a crescent form.
- the aspherical lenses mean single lenses having an aspherical face, i.e., lenses each having an ellipsoidal, hyperbolic or parabolic face.
- the aspherical lenses are generally lenses having an axially symmetric face, or facially symmetric lenses. However, there are aspherical lenses having a complexly shaped face having no symmetry, which is referred to as a three-dimensional aspherical face or three-dimensional, freely curved face.
- lenses with fine concaves and/or convexes formed in a flat plate such as a Fresnel lens and a lenticular lens.
- the plastic lenses according to the present invention can be obtained by molding the molding material for plastic lenses in accordance with a method known per se in the art.
- a molding process there may be used, for example, injection molding, press molding, extrusion or the like.
- the molding is performed under conditions of a cylinder temperature of 220 to 350° C., preferably 250 to 300° C.
- the mold temperature is 50 to 180° C., preferably 80 to 150° C.
- the injection pressure is 300 to 2,000 kg/cm 2 , preferably 600 to 1,500 kg/cm 2 .
- the dwell time is 1 to 300 seconds, preferably 5 to 150 seconds.
- the cooling time is 20 to 300 seconds, preferably 30 to 150 seconds.
- the temperature is too low, residual stress occurs in the resulting lens, which forms the cause of great birefringence. If the mold temperature is too high, stick in cavity occurs. If the mold temperature is too low, residual stress occurs in the resulting lens, which forms the cause of great birefringence. If the dwell time is too long, decomposition, deterioration and the like occur, so that the strength properties of the resulting lens are deteriorated. If the dwell time is too short, molding shrinkage becomes high. If the cooling time is too long, productivity is lowered. If the cooling time is too short, residual stress occurs in the resulting lens, which forms the cause of great birefringence. Therefore, it is preferred that these molding conditions fall within the above-described respective ranges, since the mechanical strength, birefringence, release property, productivity, etc. of the resulting lens are balanced with one another at a high level.
- the plastic lenses according to the present invention can be improved in optical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance, moisture permeability, etc. by providing a hard coating layer formed of an inorganic compound, silicone compound such as a silane coupling agent, acrylic monomer, vinyl monomer, melamine resin, epoxy resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, or the like on the surfaces thereof by a method such as heat curing, ultraviolet curing, vacuum deposition, sputtering or ion plating.
- silicone compound such as a silane coupling agent, acrylic monomer, vinyl monomer, melamine resin, epoxy resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, or the like
- the plastic lenses according to the present invention are low in birefringence and excellent in mechanical strength properties and heat resistance and are hence used in a wide variety of application fields, such as whole beam transmission type lenses such as image pickup system lenses in a camera, image pickup system lenses in a video camera, microscope lenses, endoscope lenses, telescope lenses, binocular lenses, spectacle lenses and magnifying lenses; pickup lenses for optical disks such as CD, CD-ROM, WORM (write once optical disk), MO (rewritable optical disk; magneto-optical disk) and MD (minidisk); lenses in a laser scanning system, such as f ⁇ lens and sensor lens for a laser beam printer; and prisms in a finder system of a camera.
- the lenses with the above-described absorbent, dye and/or pigment incorporated therein are used as infrared sensor lenses, auto-focus lenses, band-pass filter lenses, etc.
- the hydrogenated products of the aromatic vinyl polymers according to the present invention are excellent in strength properties and heat resistance and low in birefringence and moreover also excellent in transferability and moldability such as precision-molding ability, and hence are also useful in other application fields of optical materials than optical lenses, such as optical disk substrates, light diffusing plates, optical cards, optical fibers, optical mirrors, substrates for liquid crystal display devices, light guiding plates, light guides, deflecting films and phase difference films.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was determined in terms of a standard polystyrene value as measured by GPC using toluene as a solvent.
- the molecular weight distribution was determined by finding a weight average molecular weight (Mw) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of standard polystyrene values as measured by GPC using toluene as a solvent, and calculating out a ratio (Mw/Mn) between both values.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Hydrogenated Products A to E of the aromatic vinyl polymers prepared in Examples 1 to 5 were molded at a clamping force of 30 t, a resin temperature of 300° C., a mold temperature of 125° C. and an injection pressure of 900 kg/cm 2 by means of an injection molding machine (AUTOSHOTC MODEL 30A; manufactured by FANAC K.K.) to form aspherical pickup lenses for CD player each having an effective diameter of 4.5 mm, a thickness of 3.4 mm and a focal length of 4.5 mm.
- the light transmittances at 780 nm of the lenses thus obtained were all at least 91%.
- the use of the molding materials for plastic lenses according to the present invention permits the provision of optical lenses high in tensile strength and low in birefringence (Examples 1 to 5, Examples 6 to 10).
- these molding materials are excellent in molding and processing ability.
- These molding materials are high in glass transition temperature (Tg) and hence excellent in heat resistance.
- molding materials for plastic lenses which are far excellent in strength properties and heat resistance and low in birefringence, and have excellent molding and processing ability that neither birefringence nor cracking is caused upon molding, and plastic lenses obtained by molding such molding materials.
- hydrogenated products of aromatic vinyl polymers which are suitable for use as molding materials for plastic lenses, and a production process thereof.
- the plastic lenses according to the present invention are useful in a field of precision optical lenses of which high strength properties and heat resistance and low birefringence are required, in particular, as pickup lenses for optical disks, camera lenses and printer lenses.
- the hydrogenated products of the aromatic vinyl polymers according to the present invention are useful as molding materials particularly excellent in the above-described properties in the above field, and also in other precision optical fields than lenses.
Abstract
A molding material for plastic lenses, comprising a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has properties that the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings is at least 97%, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is within a range of 50,000 to 500,000, and the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) is at most 2.5, a plastic lens obtained by molding the molding material, novel hydrogenated products of aromatic vinyl polymers, which are suitable for use as molding materials, and a production process thereof.
Description
- The present invention relates to molding materials for plastic lenses, and more particularly to molding materials for plastic lenses, which have excellent strength properties, heat resistance, and molding and processing ability and are capable of forming plastic lenses sufficiently small in birefringence. The present invention also relates to plastic lenses molded from such a molding material. The present invention further relates to hydrogenated products of aromatic vinyl polymers, which are suitable for use in such optical materials, and a production process thereof.
- Optical lenses molded from a plastic material have such features that they are excellent in impact resistance and formability, light-weight, capable of being colored and low in cost. As properties of polymers used in molding materials for plastic lenses, it is particularly important to be excellent in transparency, moldability, mechanical properties, low water absorption property, heat resistance, chemical resistance and the like and small in birefringence. Among plastic materials, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has far excellent transparency and weather resistance and is a typical isotropic substance hardly causing birefringence. However, it has drawbacks that the water absorption property is relatively high, and its surface is easy to be damaged and it tends to cause solvent cracking by solvents. On the other hand, polystyrene is somewhat poor in transparency compared with PMMA, but has features that the light transmittance is high, the moldability and mechanical properties are good and the water absorption property is low. However, polystyrene has a drawback that it tends to cause birefringence.
- The birefringence means a phenomenon that two refracted rays appear when light is incident on an anisotropic medium. More specifically, the birefringence is a phenomenon that light incident on an anisotropic material is divided into two light waves respectively having vibration directions perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, plastic materials used in application fields such as optical lenses in particular are required to be optically isotropic and hardly cause birefringence. The optical anisotropy is mainly controlled by a difference in the principal polarizability of a repeating unit. Benzene is great in the difference between polarizability in a plane direction and polarizability in a vertical direction. Accordingly, polymers having a benzene ring in their molecules, such as polystyrene, tend to cause birefringence.
- Therefore, it has heretofore been attempted to reduce the birefringence of an aromatic vinyl polymer such as polystyrene by hydrogenating carbon-carbon double bonds in the aromatic rings (typically, benzene rings) of the aromatic vinyl polymer to saturate the double bonds, thereby producing a hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer, which is excellent in transparency, moldability, mechanical properties, low water absorption property, and moreover low in birefringence and hence suitable for use in a molding material for plastic lenses.
- For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 132603/1989 discloses a process for producing a hydrogenated product of polystyrene, in which azobisisobutyronitrile is used as a polymerization initiator to radical polymerize styrene, thereby synthesizing polystyrene, and the benzene rings in the polystyrene are then hydrogenated at a hydrogenation rate (degree of hydrogenation) of at least 30%. With respect to the hydrogenated products of polystyrene specifically disclosed in this publication, however, the hydrogenation rate of the benzene rings is as low as 60 to 80% in the case of a molecular weight as comparatively high as 100,000 to 120,000 in terms of a weight average molecular weight (Mw), and so the birefringence is not sufficiently reduced, whereas the hydrogenation rate of the benzene rings is high in the case of a molecular weight as comparatively low as 60,000 to 80,000 in terms of a weight average molecular weight (Mw), and so the birefringence is sufficiently reduced. However, such a low-molecular weight polymer is poor in strength properties. In addition, the hydrogenated products of polystyrene disclosed in the publication involve a problem that since the molecular weight distribution of polystyrene itself is comparatively wide, and the molecular weight distribution becomes wider due to the hydrogenation reaction, the strength properties and heat resistance of the hydrogenated products are lowered. Accordingly, the hydrogenated products described in the publication are not polymers having high strength properties and sufficiently small birefringence, and are hence poor in the balance between them.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 75001/1992 discloses a process for producing a hydrogenated product of polystyrene, in which benzoyl peroxide is used as a polymerization initiator to radical polymerizing styrene, thereby synthesizing polystyrene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 320,000, and the benzene rings in the polystyrene are then hydrogenated at a hydrogenation rate of 100%. In this hydrogenated product of polystyrene, the birefringence is sufficiently reduced since the hydrogenation rate is high. However, this hydrogenated product is wide in molecular weight distribution and contains a low-molecular weight component in a high proportion and hence involves a problem that when a plastic lens is molded therefrom, the lens cannot be provided as a plastic lens having sufficient strength properties and heat resistance.
- Further, the plastic materials used in optical lenses tend to cause birefringence based on molecular orientation and mechanical strain upon molding. In general, the plastic materials are excellent in moldability and can be molded into optical lenses by injection molding, extrusion, press molding or the like. However, the plastic materials tend to cause molecular orientation and also to cause mechanical strain resulting from residual stress upon molding. Accordingly, the plastic materials are required to reduce birefringence based on molecular orientation and mechanical strain so as to permit the molding of optical lenses little in optical strain. Further, the plastic materials are required not to cause such problems that an optical lens cracks upon molding. As described above, the molding materials for plastic lenses are required to have excellent molding and processing ability that neither birefringence nor cracking is caused.
- However, there has heretofore not been known any hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, which is far excellent in strength properties and heat resistance and low in birefringence, and has excellent molding and processing ability that neither birefringence nor cracking is caused upon molding.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a molding material for plastic lenses, which is far excellent in strength properties and heat resistance and low in birefringence, and has excellent molding and processing ability that neither birefringence nor cracking is caused upon molding.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a plastic lens molded from the molding material for plastic lenses having such excellent various properties.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, which has such excellent various properties in combination and is suitable for use as optical materials including a molding material for plastic lenses, and a production process thereof.
- The present inventors have carried out an extensive investigation with a view toward solving overcoming the above-described problems involved in the prior art. As a result, it has been found that hydrogenated products obtained by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl polymer and having a hydrogenation rate (degree of hydrogenation) of aromatic rings as high as at least 97%, a weight average molecular weight within a comparatively high range and a narrow molecular weight distribution exhibits excellent various properties as molding materials for plastic lenses.
- It has also been found that optical lenses having particularly high strength properties and extremely low birefringence in combination can be molded with good molding and processing ability from those having a hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings of at least 97%, a weight average molecular weight within a range of 100,000 to 300,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at most 2.0 among such hydrogenated products. Such specific hydrogenated products are novel substances not described in any literature. Such hydrogenated products can be obtained by synthesizing an aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight within a comparatively high range and an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution by preferably a solution polymerization process and then subjecting the polymer to a hydrogenation reaction at a high hydrogenation rate in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. In particular, the aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight within a comparatively high range and an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution permits easily raising the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings thereof though it is high-molecular weight. In addition, the scission of its molecular chain upon the hydrogenation reaction is suppressed, whereby a hydrogenated product high in molecular weight, narrow in molecular weight distribution, low in the content of a low-molecular weight component and high in hydrogenation rate can be obtained. The hydrogenated product having such physical properties can provide plastic lenses balanced among various properties such as strength properties, heat resistance and low birefringence at a high level.
- The present invention has been led to completion on the basis of these findings.
- According to the present invention, there is thus provided a molding material for plastic lenses, comprising a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
- (1) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%;
- (2) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 50,000 to 500,000; and
- (3) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.5.
- According to the present invention, there is also provided a plastic lens obtained by molding the molding material for plastic lenses.
- According to the present invention, there is further provided a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, obtained by hydrogenating the aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
- (a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%;
- (b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000; and
- (c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0.
- According to the present invention, there is still further provided a process for producing a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl polymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound, the process comprising polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound to synthesize an aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 400,000 and a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 2.0 and then subjecting the aromatic vinyl polymer to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a hydrogenated product having the following properties:
- (a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%;
- (b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000; and
- (c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0.
- Hydrogenated Product of Aromatic Vinyl Polymer
- The hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer useful in the practice of the present invention is obtained by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl homopolymer or a (co)polymer of an aromatic vinyl compound and a monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- (Aromatic vinyl compound)
- No particular limitation is imposed on the aromatic vinyl compound so far as it is a compound having an aromatic ring and a polymerizable vinyl group. However, a styrene monomer represented by the formula (1):
- wherein R1 means a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R2 to R6 independently denote a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, is generally used.
- The alkyl group of R1 in the formula (1) is preferably a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and amyl groups.
- R2 to R6 are preferably hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups, more preferably hydrogen atoms or the same lower alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms as mentioned above. Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms.
- Specific examples of the aromatic vinyl compound include styrene, α-methylstyrene, α-ethylstyrene, α-propylstyrene, α-isopropylstyrene, α-tert-butylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2,4-diisopropylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-tert-butyl-styrene, 5-tert-butyl-2-methylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and monofluorostyrene. Of these, styrene, α-methylstyrene, α-ethylstyrene, α-propylstyrene, α-isopropylstyrene, α-tert-butylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2,4-diisopropylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 4-tert-butylstyrene, 5-tert-butyl-2-methylstyrene and the like are preferred, with styrene, α-methylstyrene, α-ethylstyrene, α-propylstyrene, α-isopropylstyrene, α-tert-butylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene and 4-tert-butylstyrene being particularly preferred. In many cases, styrene is most preferably used.
- These aromatic vinyl compounds may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- (Copolymerizable monomer)
- No particular limitation is imposed on the monomer copolymerizable with the aromatic vinyl compound so far as it is copolymerizable with the aromatic vinyl compound in a polymerization process such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization or cationic polymerization. Examples thereof include conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene and 1,3-hexadiene; unsaturated nitrile monomers such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and α-chloro-acrylonitrile; (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers such as methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate; unsaturated fatty acid monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride; and phenylmaleimide. These monomers copolymerizable with the aromatic vinyl compound may be used either singly or in any combination thereof.
- The content of the aromatic vinyl compound unit in the aromatic vinyl polymer is suitably selected as necessary for the end application intended. However, it is generally at least 50 wt. %, preferably at least 70 wt. %, more preferably at least 90 wt. %, most preferably 100 wt. %. The birefringence of the resulting hydrogenated product becomes smaller as the proportion of the aromatic vinyl compound in the aromatic vinyl polymer is higher. Thus, the content of the aromatic vinyl compound is preferably higher.
- Since the present invention includes not only the case where the aromatic vinyl compound alone is used, but also the case where the copolymerizable monomer is used in combination as described above, the term “aromatic vinyl compound” as used herein means not only the case where the aromatic vinyl compound alone is used, but also the case where the copolymerizable monomer is used in combination unless expressly noted. Similarly, the term “aromatic vinyl polymer” means not only a homopolymer of the aromatic vinyl compound, but also a copolymer of the aromatic vinyl compound and the monomer copolymerizable therewith unless expressly noted.
- (Hydrogenated product)
- It is necessary for the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings in the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer to be at least 97% of the whole aromatic ring. The hydrogenation rate is preferably at least 98%, more preferably 99 to 100%. If the hydrogenation rate of the aromatic rings is low, the birefringence of the resulting hydrogenated product cannot be made sufficiently small. It is hence not preferable to hydrogenate the aromatic rings at such a low hydrogenation rate. The hydrogenation rate of the aromatic rings can be determined by a1H-NMR measuring method in accordance with a method known per se in the art.
- The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer used in the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention is within a range of 50,000 to 500,000, preferably 90,000 to 300,000, more preferably 100,000 to 300,000, most preferably 100,000 to 250,000 in terms of polystyrene as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is too low, the strength properties of the resulting molding material are lowered. If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is too high, the molding and processing ability of the resulting molding material is lowered, and birefringence based on molecular orientation and mechanical strain upon molding tends to become great.
- The molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer used in the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention means a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn), both, in terms of polystyrene as measured by GPC and is at most 2.5, preferably at most 2.3, more preferably at most 2.0, most preferably at most 1.9. If the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer is too great, the strength properties of the hydrogenated product is lowered to a great extent, and its glass transition temperature also shows a tendency to lower. Therefore, any optical lens sufficiently satisfying strength properties and heat resistance cannot be provided. The lower limit of the molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated product is generally about 1.0, and often about 1.3.
- The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution of the hydrogenated product are controlled within a range of 100,000 to 300,000 and to at most 1.8, respectively, whereby the hydrogenated product can be provided as a hydrogenated product combining particularly high strength properties with low birefringence.
- Among these hydrogenated products of the aromatic vinyl polymers, those having the following properties:
- (a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, more preferably 99 to 100%;
- (b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000, preferably a range of 100,000 to 250,000, more preferably a range of 140,000 to 230,000; and
- (c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0, preferably at most 1.9, more preferably at most 1.8 are novel substance not described in any literature, and particularly suitable for use as molding materials for plastic lenses because they are balanced among strength properties, heat resistance, molding and processing ability, and low birefringence at a high level.
- (production process of hydrogenated product)
- The hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer used in the molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention can be produced by radical polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound using a radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile and then hydrogenating the resultant aromatic vinyl polymer.
- However, the hydrogenated product having the above-described properties (a) to (c) can be preferably produced by a process comprising using an organic alkali metal as an initiator to solution-polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound in an organic solvent, and then hydrogenating the resultant aromatic vinyl polymer having a high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution.
- More specifically, in a process for producing a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl polymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound, the aromatic vinyl compound is first polymerized to synthesize an aromatic vinyl polymer having (A) a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 400,000, preferably 100,000 to 300,000, more preferably 100,000 to 250,000 and (B) a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 2.0, preferably at most 1.8, more preferably at most 1.5, and often a range of 1.0 to 1.2, and the aromatic vinyl polymer is then subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated product having the above-described properties (a) to (c).
- If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the aromatic vinyl polymer to be subjected to the hydrogenation reaction is extremely high, it is difficult to conduct the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic rings at a high hydrogenation rate, and a molecular chain scissoring reaction, which is a competitive reaction, proceeds if the hydrogenation reaction is allowed to proceed until the hydrogenation rate reaches about 100%, so that the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the resulting hydrogenated product becomes wider, and the strength properties and heat resistance thereof are lowered because a low-molecular weight component increases. On the other hand, any weight average molecular weight too low results in a failure to provide an optical lens sufficiently satisfying strength properties and heat resistance.
- The aromatic vinyl polymer having the properties (A) and (B) can preferably be obtained by solution-polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound using an organic alkali metal as an initiator in a hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of a Lewis base if desired. According to this solution polymerization process, an aromatic vinyl polymer having a high molecular weight and an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution can be synthesized with ease.
- As examples of the organic alkali metal, may be mentioned monoorganolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, hexyllithium, phenyllithium and stilbenelithium; polyfunctional organolithium compounds such as dilithiomethane, 1,4-dilithiobutane, 1,4-dilithio-2-ethylcyclohexane and 1,3,5-trilithiobenzene; sodium naphthalene; and potassium naphthalene. Of these, the organolithium compounds are preferred, with the monoorganolithium compounds being particularly preferred.
- These organic alkali metals may be used either singly or in any combination thereof. The amount of the organic alkali metal used is suitably selected according to the molecular weight required of the polymer formed. It is generally within a range of 0.05 to 100 mmol, preferably 0.10 to 50 mmol, more preferably 0.15 to 20 mmol per 100 parts by weight of the monomer.
- No particular limitation is imposed on the hydrocarbon solvent so far as it destroys the organic alkali metal initiator. Examples thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and isooctane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane and decalin; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene. Of these, the use of an aliphatic hydrocarbon or alicyclic hydrocarbon is preferred because the hydrogenation reaction can be conducted as it is after the polymerization. These hydrocarbon solvents may be used either singly or in any combination thereof in an amount sufficient for the concentration of the monomer to amount to generally 1 to 30 wt. %.
- The Lewis base is useful in that an aromatic vinyl polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution is provided. No particular limitation is imposed on the Lewis base so far as it is generally used in the solution polymerization. Examples thereof include ether compounds; tertiary amine compounds such as tetramethylethylene-diamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine and quinuclidine; alkali metal alkoxides such as potassium tert-amyloxide and potassium tert-butoxide; and phosphine compounds such as triphenylphosphine. Of these, the ether compounds are particularly preferred because the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the resulting aromatic vinyl polymer can be sufficiently narrowed.
- No particular limitation is imposed on the ether compounds. However, those having generally 2 to 100, preferably 4 to 50, more preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms are preferably used. Specific examples thereof include aliphatic monoethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diamyl ether, diisoamyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl isopropyl ether and ethyl butyl ether; aromatic monoethers such as anisole, phenetole, diphenyl ether and dibenzyl ether; cyclic monoethers such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran; alkylene glycol dialkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dipropyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol diamyl ether, ethylene glycol dioctyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol dibutyl ether, isopropylene glycol dimethyl ether, isopropylene glycol diethyl ether, butylene glycol dimethyl ether, butylene glycol diethyl ether and butylene glycol dibutylglycol; alkylene glycol alkyl aryl ethers such as ethylene glycol methyl phenyl ether; alkylene glycol diaryl ethers such as ethylene glycol diphenyl ether; and alkylene glycol diaralkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol dibenzyl ether.
- These Lewis base compounds may be used either singly or in any combination thereof. The amount of the Lewis base compound used is within a range of generally 0.001 to 10.0 mmol, preferably 0.01 to 5.0 mmol, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mmol per mole of the organic alkali metal.
- The polymerization reaction may be either an isothermal reaction or an adiabatic reaction, and is carried out in a polymerization temperature range of generally 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to 120° C. The polymerization time is within a range of 0.01 to 20 hours, preferably 0.1 to 10 hours.
- After the polymerization reaction, the polymer can be recovered by the publicly known method such as steam stripping, direct desolvating or alcoholic solidifying. In the present invention, the polymer may be fed to a hydrogenating step as it is without recovering the polymer from a polymer solution when a solvent inert to the hydrogenation reaction is used upon the polymerization.
- No particular limitation is imposed on the hydrogenation process of the aromatic vinyl polymer, and the hydrogenation can be conducted in accordance with a method known per se in the art. However, a hydrogenation process, by which the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings is high, and a polymer chain is scarcely scissored, is preferred. Specifically, for example, a hydrogenation catalyst containing at least one metal selected from among nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium and rhenium can be used in an organic solvent to conduct a hydrogenation reaction. Among these hydrogenation catalysts, a nickel catalyst is preferred because a hydrogenated product having a particularly narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is provided. The hydrogenation catalyst may be either a heterogeneous catalyst or a homogeneous catalyst.
- The heterogeneous catalyst may be used in the form of a metal or metal compound as it is, or by supporting it on a proper carrier. Examples of the carrier include active carbon, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, titania, magnesia, zirconia, diatomaceous earth and silicon carbide. The amount of the hydrogenation catalyst supported on the carrier is within a range of generally 0.01 to 80 wt. %, preferably 0.05 to 60 wt. %.
- As the homogeneous catalyst, there may be used a catalyst obtained by combining nickel, cobalt, titanium or iron compound with a organometallic compound (for example, organoaluminum or organolithium compound); or an organometallic complex of rhodium, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhenium or the like. Examples of the nickel, cobalt, titanium or iron compound used in the homogeneous catalyst include acetylacetone salts, naphthenates, cyclopentadienyl compounds and cyclopentadienyldichloro compounds of these various metals. As the organoaluminum, there may be suitably used an alkylaluminum such as triethylaluminum or triisobutylaluminum; an alkylaluminum halide such as diethylaluminum chloride or ethylaluminum dichloride; or an alkylaluminum hydride such as diisobutylaluminum hydride. As the organometallic complex, there may be used, for example, a γ-dichloro-π-benzene complex, dichloro-tris(triphenylphosphine) complex or hydrido-chloro-tris(triphenylphosphine) complex of any of the above-mentioned metals.
- These hydrogenation catalyst may be used either singly or in any combination thereof. The amount of the hydrogenated catalyst used is within a range of generally 0.03 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.16 to 33 parts by weight, more preferably 0.33 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the aromatic vinyl polymer.
- Examples of the organic solvent include the above-mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbons; the above-mentioned alicyclic hydrocarbons; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; alcohols; and esters. These organic solvents may be used either singly or in any combination thereof. The amount of the organic solvent used is within a range sufficient for the concentration of the aromatic vinyl polymer to amount to generally 1 to 50 wt. %, preferably 3 to 40 wt. %, more preferably 5 to 30 wt. %.
- The hydrogenation reaction is performed at a temperature within a range of generally 10 to 250° C., preferably 50 to 200° C., more preferably 80 to 180° C. under a hydrogen pressure within a range of generally 1 to 300 kg/cm2, preferably 10 to 250 kg/cm2, more preferably 20 to 200 kg/cm2. As hydrogen, molecular hydrogen is generally used.
- Molding Material for Plastic Lens
- The molding material for plastic lenses according to the present invention comprises the above-described hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer as an essential component, and may contain other resins as needed.
- No particular limitation is imposed on the other resin component, and examples thereof include general resins used in ordinary plastic lenses. Specific examples thereof include general-purpose transparent plastics such as polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, poly(4-methyl-pentene-1), cyclohexyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymers and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers (AS resins); alicyclic acrylic resins (Optolets OZ-1000; product of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and MS resins (product of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.). Besides, novel transparent plastics described in “Development of the Newest Optical Resins: Properties and Design of High-Precision Parts: Molding Techniques” (Society of Technical Information), and the like may be mentioned.
- As other resin components, may also be mentioned cycloolefin resins. Specific examples thereof include {circle over (1)} addition (co)polymers of alicyclic monomers having a norbornene ring described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 292020/1995, {circle over (2)} ring-opening (co)polymers of alicyclic monomers having a norbornene ring described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 363312/1992 and 77520/1992, {circle over (3)} addition (co)polymers of cyclic conjugated diene monomers described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 258318/1995 and {circle over (4)} addition (co)polymers of monocyclic cycloolefin monomers described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 66216/1989. Of these, typical polymers of the cycloolefin resins of {circle over (1)} and typical polymers of the cycloolefin resins of {circle over (2)} are marketed under the trade name APEL (product of Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.) and the trade names ZEONEX (product of Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) and ARTON (product of Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.), respectively, and the marketed products are available.
- These other resins may be used either singly or in any combination thereof. The content of the other resins in the resin component is suitably selected within limits not impeding the objects of the present invention. However, it is generally 50 wt. % or lower, preferably 30 wt. % or lower, more preferably 10 wt. % or lower.
- The plastic lenses according to the present invention may be get to have a filtering function by uniformly dispersing and blending an absorbent which absorbs only rays in a specific wavelength region, and a colorant such as a dye or pigment. No particular limitation is imposed on the absorbent and colorant. However, examples thereof include near infrared absorbents which selectively absorb rays in an optional wavelength region in a near infrared wavelength region of 600 to 2,500 nm; and colorants such as dyes and pigments, which selectively absorb rays in a visible wavelength region of 600 or shorter. These absorbents and colorants are blended into the molding material for plastic lenses before use.
- Specific examples of the near infrared absorbents include cyanine type near infrared absorbents, pyrylium type near infrared absorbents, squalyrium type near infrared absorbents, croconium type near infrared absorbents, azulenium type near infrared absorbents, phthalocyanine type near infrared absorbents, dithiol metal complex type near infrared absorbents, naphthoquinone type near infrared absorbents, anthraquinone type near infrared absorbents, indophenol type near infrared absorbents, and azi type near infrared absorbents. As examples of commercially available near infrared absorbents, may be mentioned SIR-103, SIR-114, SIR-128, SIR-130, SIR-132, SIR-152, SIR-159 and SIR-162 (all, products of Mitsui Toatsu Dye Co., Ltd.), and Kayasorb IR-750, Kayasorb IRG-002, Kayasorb IRG-003, IR-820B, Kayasorb IRG-022, Kayasorb IRG-023, Kayasorb CY-2, Kayasorb cCY-4 and Kayasorb CY-9 (all, products of Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.).
- As the colorants, may be mentioned organic colorants and inorganic colorants. However, the organic colorants are preferred from the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing ability. As the organic colorants, there may be used organic pigments and dyes. The dyes are preferably insoluble in water.
- No particular limitation is imposed on the organic colorants, and organic pigments and dyes generally compounded into transparent resins may be used. As preferable examples of the organic colorants, may be mentioned diarylide pigments such as Pigment Red 38; azo lake pigments such as Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 53 and Pigment Red 57:1; condensed azo pigments such as Pigment Red 144, Pigment Red 166, Pigment Red 220, Pigment Red 221 and Pigment Red 248; benzimidazolone pigments such as Pigment Red 171, Pigment Red 175, Pigment Red 176, Pigment Red 185 and Pigment Red 208; quinacridone pigments such as Pigment Red 122; perylene pigments such as Pigment Red 149, Pigment Red 178 and Pigment Red 179; anthraquinone pigments such as Pigment Red 177; and anthraquinone color dyes.
- These absorbents and colorants may be used either singly or in any combination thereof, and suitably selected as necessary for the end application intended.
- Into the molding materials for plastic lenses according to the present invention, may be incorporated various compounding ingredients as needed. No particular limitation is imposed on the compounding ingredients so far as they are generally used in molding materials for plastic lenses. Examples thereof include antioxidants such as the phenol, phosphite and thiol types; ultraviolet absorbents such as the hindered phenol type; parting agents such as aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic esters, aromatic esters, triglycerides, fluorine-containing surfactants and higher fatty acid metal salts; lubricants; plasticizers; antistatic agents; and heavy metal deactivators. These compounding ingredients may be used either singly or in any combination thereof. The amount of the compounding ingredients used is suitably selected within limits not impeding the objects of the present invention.
- Plastic Lens
- The plastic lenses according to the present invention mean optical lenses obtained by using a plastic material comprising the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer as a principal component to conduct molding and processing.
- No particular limitation is imposed on the optical lenses so far as they have a function of transmitting a light beam having a continuous wavelength distribution, such as sunbeam, or a light beam having a single wavelength, such as a laser beam to change the optical path of such a light beam. However, typical examples thereof include single lenses. The single lens means a transparent body surrounded by at least two spherical faces, aspherical faces or plane faces and can be classified into a lens having a function of focusing a light beam, a lens having a function of diverging a light beam and a lens having a function of refracting a light beam.
- As a typical single lens composed mainly of plane faces and having a function of refracting a light beam, may be mentioned a prism. Other single lenses than the prism are composed mainly of a spherical face and a plane face, characterized in that they have a focal point, and can be classified into a lens having a function of focusing a light beam on the focal point and a lens having a function of diverging a light beam from the focal point. The single lenses having a focal point include spherical lenses and aspherical lenses. The spherical lenses can be classified into 6 basic forms of double-convex lens, double-concave lens, plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens, meniscus convex lens and meniscus concave lens from their shapes. The lenses having a convex face have a function of focusing a light beam, while the lenses having a concave face have a function of diverging a light beam. The meniscus lenses mean lenses the edge of which is curved in a crescent form. The aspherical lenses mean single lenses having an aspherical face, i.e., lenses each having an ellipsoidal, hyperbolic or parabolic face. The aspherical lenses are generally lenses having an axially symmetric face, or facially symmetric lenses. However, there are aspherical lenses having a complexly shaped face having no symmetry, which is referred to as a three-dimensional aspherical face or three-dimensional, freely curved face.
- As other special lenses, may be mentioned lenses with fine concaves and/or convexes formed in a flat plate, such as a Fresnel lens and a lenticular lens.
- The plastic lenses according to the present invention can be obtained by molding the molding material for plastic lenses in accordance with a method known per se in the art. As a molding process, there may be used, for example, injection molding, press molding, extrusion or the like.
- In the case of, for example, injection molding, the molding is performed under conditions of a cylinder temperature of 220 to 350° C., preferably 250 to 300° C. The mold temperature is 50 to 180° C., preferably 80 to 150° C. The injection pressure is 300 to 2,000 kg/cm2, preferably 600 to 1,500 kg/cm2. The dwell time is 1 to 300 seconds, preferably 5 to 150 seconds. The cooling time is 20 to 300 seconds, preferably 30 to 150 seconds. With respect to the above-described molding conditions, decomposition, deterioration and the like occur if the cylinder temperature is too high, so that the strength properties of the resulting lens are deteriorated. If the temperature is too low, residual stress occurs in the resulting lens, which forms the cause of great birefringence. If the mold temperature is too high, stick in cavity occurs. If the mold temperature is too low, residual stress occurs in the resulting lens, which forms the cause of great birefringence. If the dwell time is too long, decomposition, deterioration and the like occur, so that the strength properties of the resulting lens are deteriorated. If the dwell time is too short, molding shrinkage becomes high. If the cooling time is too long, productivity is lowered. If the cooling time is too short, residual stress occurs in the resulting lens, which forms the cause of great birefringence. Therefore, it is preferred that these molding conditions fall within the above-described respective ranges, since the mechanical strength, birefringence, release property, productivity, etc. of the resulting lens are balanced with one another at a high level.
- The plastic lenses according to the present invention can be improved in optical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance, moisture permeability, etc. by providing a hard coating layer formed of an inorganic compound, silicone compound such as a silane coupling agent, acrylic monomer, vinyl monomer, melamine resin, epoxy resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, or the like on the surfaces thereof by a method such as heat curing, ultraviolet curing, vacuum deposition, sputtering or ion plating.
- The plastic lenses according to the present invention are low in birefringence and excellent in mechanical strength properties and heat resistance and are hence used in a wide variety of application fields, such as whole beam transmission type lenses such as image pickup system lenses in a camera, image pickup system lenses in a video camera, microscope lenses, endoscope lenses, telescope lenses, binocular lenses, spectacle lenses and magnifying lenses; pickup lenses for optical disks such as CD, CD-ROM, WORM (write once optical disk), MO (rewritable optical disk; magneto-optical disk) and MD (minidisk); lenses in a laser scanning system, such as fθ lens and sensor lens for a laser beam printer; and prisms in a finder system of a camera. The lenses with the above-described absorbent, dye and/or pigment incorporated therein are used as infrared sensor lenses, auto-focus lenses, band-pass filter lenses, etc.
- The hydrogenated products of the aromatic vinyl polymers according to the present invention are excellent in strength properties and heat resistance and low in birefringence and moreover also excellent in transferability and moldability such as precision-molding ability, and hence are also useful in other application fields of optical materials than optical lenses, such as optical disk substrates, light diffusing plates, optical cards, optical fibers, optical mirrors, substrates for liquid crystal display devices, light guiding plates, light guides, deflecting films and phase difference films.
- The present invention will hereinafter be described more specifically by the following Preparation Examples, Examples and Comparative Examples. All designations of “part” or “parts” and “%” as will be used in these examples mean part or parts by weight and wt. % unless expressly noted.
- Various physical properties were determined in accordance with the following methods:
- (1) The weight average molecular weight (Mw) was determined in terms of a standard polystyrene value as measured by GPC using toluene as a solvent.
- (2) The molecular weight distribution was determined by finding a weight average molecular weight (Mw) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of standard polystyrene values as measured by GPC using toluene as a solvent, and calculating out a ratio (Mw/Mn) between both values.
- (3) The glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- (4) The hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings was determined by1H-NMR measurement.
- (5) The strength properties were determined by using a specimen molded at 200° C. by a hot press molding machine (manufactured by Tester Sangyo K.K.) to measure its tensile strength in accordance with JIS K 7113.
- (6) The birefringence was measured by a polarizing microscope (manufactured by NIKON CORP.; 546 nm Sénarmont compensator).
- A stainless steel-made autoclave having an internal volume of 1 liter and equipped with an electromagnetic stirrer, which had been sufficiently dried and purged with nitrogen, was charged with 320 parts of dehydrated cyclohexane, 80 parts of styrene and 1.83 parts of dibutyl ether. While stirring the resultant mixture at 40° C. and a revolution speed of 400 rpm, 0.31 parts of a n-butyl-lithium solution (a hexane solution containing 15% of n-butyllithium) were added to initiate polymerization. After the polymerization was conducted for 3 hours under the same conditions, 0.42 parts of isopropyl alcohol were added to stop the reaction. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of the thus-obtained aromatic vinyl polymer (polystyrene) were measured to show them together with its molecular weight distribution in Table 1.
- To 400 parts of the polymer solution containing the aromatic vinyl polymer were then added and mixed 12 parts of a stabilized nickel hydrogenation catalyst N163A (product of Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.; silica-alumina carrier on which 40% nickel was supported), and the resultant mixture was charged into a stainless steel-made autoclave having an internal volume of 1.2 liters and equipped with an electric heater and an electromagnetic stirrer for controlling a hydrogenation reaction temperature. After completion of the charging, the interior of the autoclave was purged with nitrogen gas to conduct a hydrogenation reaction for 8 hours at a temperature of 230° C. and a hydrogen pressure of 45 kg/cm2 while stirring the mixture at a revolution speed of 700 rpm. After completion of the hydrogenation reaction, the hydrogenation catalyst was removed by filtration from the reaction mixture, and 1,200 parts of cyclohexane were then added to the reaction mixture. Thereafter, the resultant mixture was poured into 10 liters of isopropanol to deposit Hydrogenated Product A of the aromatic vinyl polymer. Hydrogenated Product A was isolated by filtration and then dried by a vacuum dryer to recover Hydrogenated Product A of the aromatic vinyl polymer. The physical properties of the thus-obtained Hydrogenated Product A were measured and shown in Table 1.
- An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of dibutyl ether, 15% n-butyllithium solution, and isopropyl alcohol for stopping the polymerization were changed to 0.16 parts, 0.27 parts and 0.38 parts, respectively, to obtain an aromatic vinyl polymer and Hydrogenated Product B thereof. Their physical properties were shown in Table 1.
- An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of dibutyl ether, 15% n-butyllithium solution, and isopropyl alcohol for stopping the polymerization were changed to 0.11 parts, 0.19 parts and 0.25 parts, respectively, to obtain an aromatic vinyl polymer and Hydrogenated Product C thereof. Their physical properties were shown in Table 1.
- An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of dibutyl ether, 15% n-butyllithium solution, and isopropyl alcohol for stopping the polymerization were changed to 0.09 parts, 0.15 parts and 0.20 parts, respectively, to obtain an aromatic vinyl polymer and Hydrogenated Product D thereof. Their physical properties were shown in Table 1.
- A stainless steel-made autoclave having an internal volume of 1 liter and equipped with an electromagnetic stirrer, which had been sufficiently dried and purged with nitrogen, was charged with 100 parts of styrene and 0.05 parts of azobisisobutyronitrile to conduct polymerization for 24 hours while stirring the resultant mixture at 70° C. and a revolution speed of 400 rpm. After 1,200 parts of cyclohexane were added to the polymerization reaction system, the resultant mixture was poured into 10 liters of isopropanol to deposit a polymer. The polymer was isolated by filtration and then dried by a vacuum dryer to obtain 90 parts of an aromatic vinyl polymer (polystyrene). Dissolved in 320 parts of dehydrated cyclohexane were 80 parts of the polymer to conduct a hydrogenation reaction for 12 hours in the same manner as in Example 1, thereby obtaining Hydrogenated Product E. The physical properties of the aromatic vinyl polymer and Hydrogenated Product E thereof were shown in Table 1.
- An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the amount of azobisisobutyronitrile and the polymerization temperature were changed to 0.04 parts and 90° C., respectively, to obtain Hydrogenated Product F. The physical properties of the aromatic vinyl polymer and Hydrogenated Product F thereof were shown in Table 1. From the results shown in Table 1, it is understood that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of Hydrogenated Product F was markedly lowered due to the hydrogenation reaction, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) thereof was widened.
TABLE 1 Hydrogena- Code of Before hydrogenation After hydrogenation tion rate Tg hydrogenated Mn Mw Mw/Mn Mn Mw Mw/Mn (%) (° C.) polymer Ex. 1 113,636 125,000 1.10 48,421 92,000 1.90 100 140 A Ex. 2 126,786 142,000 1.12 55,263 105,000 1.90 100 140 B Ex. 3 192,308 200,000 1.04 85,714 150,000 1.75 100 140 C Ex. 4 240,385 250,000 1.04 102,857 180,000 1.75 99 140 D Ex. 5 137,500 220,000 1.60 69,565 160,000 2.30 99 140 E Comp. 95,652 220,000 2.30 25,556 92,000 3.60 100 139 F Ex. 1 - Hydrogenated Products A to E of the aromatic vinyl polymers prepared in Examples 1 to 5 were molded at a clamping force of 30 t, a resin temperature of 300° C., a mold temperature of 125° C. and an injection pressure of 900 kg/cm2 by means of an injection molding machine (AUTOSHOTC MODEL 30A; manufactured by FANAC K.K.) to form aspherical pickup lenses for CD player each having an effective diameter of 4.5 mm, a thickness of 3.4 mm and a focal length of 4.5 mm. The light transmittances at 780 nm of the lenses thus obtained were all at least 91%.
- The birefringences of the pickup lenses were determined. The results thereof were shown in Table 2.
- In addition, specimens obtained by molding Hydrogenated Products A to E at 200° C. by a hot press molding machine (manufactured by Tester Sangyo K.K.) were used to measure the tensile strength of each hydrogenated product. The results thereof were shown in Table 2.
- Hydrogenated Product F of the aromatic vinyl polymer prepared in Comparative Example 1 was molded under the same conditions as in Example 6. As a result, cracking occurred at the edge surface of a lens, and so no sufficient molding was feasible. Therefore, birefringence was also unmeasurable. The results were shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Code of Tensile Birefrin- hydrogenated strength gence Molding and polymer (kg/cm2) (nm) processing ability Ex. 6 A 220 13 Good Ex. 7 B 230 13 Good Ex. 8 C 350 12 Good Ex. 9 D 365 10 Good Ex. 10 E 345 21 Good Comp. F 150 — Cracking occurred Ex. 2 at edge surface of lens - As apparent from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the use of the molding materials for plastic lenses according to the present invention permits the provision of optical lenses high in tensile strength and low in birefringence (Examples 1 to 5, Examples 6 to 10). In view of the fact that the good optical lenses low in birefringence and free of cracking were provided, it is understood that these molding materials are excellent in molding and processing ability. These molding materials are high in glass transition temperature (Tg) and hence excellent in heat resistance. In particular, when the hydrogenated products (Examples 2 to 4) having a hydrogenation rate of at least 97%, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 300,000 and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of at most 2.0 are used, optical lenses combining high tensile strength with markedly low birefringence can be provided (Examples 7 to 9).
- According to the present invention, there are provided molding materials for plastic lenses, which are far excellent in strength properties and heat resistance and low in birefringence, and have excellent molding and processing ability that neither birefringence nor cracking is caused upon molding, and plastic lenses obtained by molding such molding materials. According to the present invention, there are provided hydrogenated products of aromatic vinyl polymers, which are suitable for use as molding materials for plastic lenses, and a production process thereof. The plastic lenses according to the present invention are useful in a field of precision optical lenses of which high strength properties and heat resistance and low birefringence are required, in particular, as pickup lenses for optical disks, camera lenses and printer lenses. The hydrogenated products of the aromatic vinyl polymers according to the present invention are useful as molding materials particularly excellent in the above-described properties in the above field, and also in other precision optical fields than lenses.
Claims (14)
1. A molding material for plastic lenses, comprising a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
(1) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%;
(2) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 50,000 to 500,000; and
(3) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.5.
2. The molding material for plastic lenses according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
(1) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 98%;
(2) the weight average molecular weight (Mw)-being within a range of 90,000 to 300,000; and
(3) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.3.
3. The molding material for plastic lenses according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
(1) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being 99 to 100%;
(2) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000; and
(3) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0.
4. The molding material for plastic lenses according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 250,000.
5. The molding material for plastic lenses according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 1.9.
6. The molding material for plastic lenses according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 1.8.
7. The molding material for plastic lenses according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer is a hydrogenated product of polystyrene.
8. A plastic lens obtained by molding the molding material for plastic lenses according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer, obtained by hydrogenating the aromatic vinyl polymer, wherein the hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer has the following properties:
(a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%;
(b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000; and
(c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0.
10. The hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer according to claim 9 , which has the following properties:
(a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 98%;
(b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 250,000; and
(c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 1.9.
11. The hydrogenated product of the aromatic vinyl polymer according to claim 9 , which has the following properties:
(a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being 99 to 100%;
(b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 140,000 to 230,000; and
(c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 1.8.
12. A process for producing a hydrogenated product of an aromatic vinyl polymer by hydrogenating an aromatic vinyl polymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound, the process comprising polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound to synthesize an aromatic vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a range of 100,000 to 400,000 and a ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of at most 2.0 and then subjecting the aromatic vinyl polymer to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a hydrogenated product having the following properties:
(a) the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings being at least 97%;
(b) the weight average molecular weight (Mw) being within a range of 100,000 to 300,000; and
(c) the ratio (Mw/Mn) of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) being at most 2.0.
13. The production process according to claim 12 , wherein the aromatic vinyl polymer is synthesized by solution-polymerizing the aromatic vinyl compound using an organic alkali metal as an initiator in a hydrocarbon solvent.
14. The production process according to claim 13 , wherein the aromatic vinyl compound is solution-polymerized in the presence of a Lewis base.
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/190,995 US20030083439A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2002-07-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
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JP16515997 | 1997-06-06 | ||
JP165159/1997 | 1997-06-06 | ||
US09/445,378 US6486262B1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
US10/190,995 US20030083439A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2002-07-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
Related Parent Applications (2)
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PCT/JP1998/002528 Continuation WO1998055886A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-08 | Molding material for plastic lenses |
US09/445,378 Continuation US6486262B1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
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US20030083439A1 true US20030083439A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
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US09/445,378 Expired - Fee Related US6486262B1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
US10/190,995 Abandoned US20030083439A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2002-07-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
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US09/445,378 Expired - Fee Related US6486262B1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-06-08 | Molding material for plastic lens |
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US (2) | US6486262B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0989417A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998055886A1 (en) |
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US8820923B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2014-09-02 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Optical element for correcting color blindness |
US8931930B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2015-01-13 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Optical element for correcting color blindness |
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US20020061982A1 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2002-05-23 | Donald Robert J. | Compositions comprising hydrogenated block copolymers and end-use applications thereof |
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US7485672B2 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2009-02-03 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers |
US7879267B2 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2011-02-01 | J&J Vision Care, Inc. | Method for coating articles by mold transfer |
JP4107151B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2008-06-25 | ソニー株式会社 | Battery identifier, battery and battery pack |
US7448528B2 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2008-11-11 | The Boeing Company | Stir forming apparatus and method |
JP3594088B1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2004-11-24 | マイルストーン株式会社 | Imaging lens |
JP5011004B2 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2012-08-29 | タレックス光学工業株式会社 | Infrared absorptive lens and method for manufacturing the same |
JP4022246B1 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2007-12-12 | マイルストーン株式会社 | Imaging lens |
JP3976781B1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2007-09-19 | マイルストーン株式会社 | Imaging lens |
EP2240526A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-10-20 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Low birefringent thermoplastic lenses and compositions useful in preparing such lenses |
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US8820923B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2014-09-02 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Optical element for correcting color blindness |
US8845095B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2014-09-30 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Optical element for correcting color blindness |
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US8931930B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2015-01-13 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Optical element for correcting color blindness |
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EP0989417A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
US6486262B1 (en) | 2002-11-26 |
EP0989417A4 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
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