US20030191496A1 - Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna - Google Patents
Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030191496A1 US20030191496A1 US10/406,017 US40601703A US2003191496A1 US 20030191496 A1 US20030191496 A1 US 20030191496A1 US 40601703 A US40601703 A US 40601703A US 2003191496 A1 US2003191496 A1 US 2003191496A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- fluid
- catheter
- vessel
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 0 CCC(C1)C(C2)C1(*)C1*2C1CO Chemical compound CCC(C1)C(C2)C1(*)C1*2C1CO 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Systems and methods introduce a closure material to seal a vessel puncture site. The system and methods provide a catheter adapted for passage through a tissue puncture and sized to occupy substantially all the tissue puncture. The catheter includes a lumen in fluid communication with a fluid delivery port adjacent the catheter distal end. One or more dispensers are in fluid communication with the catheter lumen for dispensing first and second fluid compositions in the catheter lumen. An actuator causes the first and second fluid compositions to be dispensed from the dispensers and mixed by flowing the first and second fluid compositions through a static mixer. The first and second fluid compositions are dispensed from the fluid delivery port as a fluid mixture that reacts in situ to form a nonfluent closure composition adjacent the vessel puncture site.
Description
- This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/132,848, filed Apr. 23, 2002, and entitled “Vascular Sealing Device with Microwave Antenna,” which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/334,300, filed Jun. 16, 1999, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/963,408, filed Nov. 3, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,401, which claims the benefit of Provisional U.S. Application Serial No. 60/036,299, filed Mar. 12, 1997, entitled “Universal Introducer.”
- This invention relates to a vessel closure device, and more particularly to a device for effecting the closure of a vessel by delivering a fluent closure composition precursor and converting the composition in situ to a non-fluent closure composition.
- A wide variety of surgical procedures are performed by the introduction of a catheter into a vessel. After the surgical procedure is completed, closure of the vessel at the site where the catheter was introduced is needed. Vessel punctures formed in the process of performing a catheter based surgical procedure are commonly 1.5 mm to 7.0 mm in diameter and can be larger. Closure of these punctures is frequently complicated by anticoagulation medicine given to the patient which interferes with the body's natural clotting abilities.
- Closure of a vessel puncture has traditionally been performed by applying pressure to the vessel adjacent the puncture site. This procedure requires the continuous attention of at least one medical staff member to apply pressure to the vessel puncture site and can take as long as 30 minutes.
- Devices have been developed for effecting the closure of vessel punctures through the application of energy. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,626,601; 5,507,744; 5,415,657; and 5,002,051. Devices have also been developed for effecting the closure of vessel punctures through the delivery of a mechanical mechanism which mechanically seals the puncture. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,441,520; 5,441,517; 5,306,254; 5,282,827; and 5,222,974. Devices have also been developed for effecting the closure of vessel punctures through the delivery of a composition to block the vessel puncture. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,601,602; 5,591,205; 5,441,517; 5,292,332; 5,275,616; 5,192,300; and 5,156,613. Despite the various devices that have been developed for closing vessel punctures, a need still exists for a simple, safe and inexpensive device and method for closing vessel punctures.
- One aspect of the invention provides an assembly for introducing a closure material to seal a vessel puncture site. The closure material comprises a mixture of a first and second fluid composition which, upon mixing, react to form a nonfluent closure composition. The assembly comprises a catheter sized and configured for passage through a tissue puncture. The catheter has at least one fluid delivery port adjacent the catheter distal end and adapted to occupy a position adjacent the vessel puncture site. The catheter includes a lumen that is in fluid communication with the fluid delivery port. One or more dispensers are provided in fluid communication with the catheter lumen for dispensing the first and second fluid compositions in the catheter lumen. An actuator is provided for causing the first and second fluid compositions to be dispensed from the one or more dispensers and mixed by flowing the first and second fluid compositions through a static mixer. The first and second fluid compositions are dispensed from the fluid delivery port as a fluid mixture that reacts in situ to form the nonfluent closure composition adjacent the vessel puncture site. The catheter is sized to block flow of the fluid mixture from the fluid delivery port into a substantial part of the tissue puncture.
- In one embodiment, the static mixer is a cartridge. In another embodiment, the static mixer is incorporated into the catheter.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a method for sealing a vascular puncture site. A catheter is introduced through a tissue puncture. The catheter is sized to occupy substantially all the tissue puncture and includes at least one fluid delivery port adjacent the distal end of the catheter adapted to be positioned adjacent the vessel puncture site. First and second fluid compositions are provided which, upon mixing, react to form a nonfluent closure composition. The first and second fluid compositions are mixed by flowing the components through a static mixer that communicates with the fluid delivery port. The first and second fluid compositions are dispensed from the fluid delivery port as a fluid mixture that reacts in situ to form the nonfluent closure composition adjacent the vessel puncture site. The size of the catheter blocks flow of the fluid mixture from the fluid delivery port into a substantial part of the tissue puncture, whereby a localized in situ closure forms adjacent the vessel puncture site to seal the vessel puncture site.
- In one embodiment, the static mixer is a cartridge. In another embodiment, the static mixer is incorporated into the catheter.
- FIG. 1A is a side view of a closure device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a cross section of the closure device of FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of a closure device with a first and second closure lumen coupled to first and second closure composition precursor sources.
- FIG. 3A is a side view of a closure device including a guidewire lumen configured to accommodate a guidewire.
- FIG. 3B is a cross section of a closure device illustrated in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A illustrates a sheath with a distal end disposed within a vessel.
- FIG. 4B illustrates a closure device disposed within the sheath such that the distal end of the closure device extends beyond the distal end of the sheath.
- FIG. 4C illustrates the sheath and closure device withdrawn from the vessel until the position sensing mechanism is located outside the vessel adjacent the puncture.
- FIG. 4D illustrates a closure composition precursor source coupled to the closure device of FIG.4C. The closure composition precursor is delivered through the closure lumen to the puncture.
- FIG. 4E illustrates the puncture after the closure device of FIG. 4D is withdrawn from the puncture.
- FIG. 4F illustrates the puncture after the closure device is completely withdrawn from the tissue site.
- FIG. 5A is a side view of a locking mechanism coupled to a closure device and threads on a sheath.
- FIG. 5B is a side view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 5A coupled to the threads on a sheath.
- FIG. 6A illustrates a sheath with a distal end disposed within a vessel.
- FIG. 6B illustrates a guidewire disposed within the sheath of FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 6C illustrates the sheath of FIG. 6B withdrawn along the guidewire.
- FIG. 6D illustrates a closure device threaded along the guidewire of FIG. 6C until the distal end of the device is disposed within a vessel.
- FIG. 6E illustrates the closure device of FIG. 6D after the guidewire has been withdrawn. The closure device is withdrawn until the position sensing mechanism is located outside the vessel adjacent the puncture.
- FIG. 6F illustrates a closure composition precursor source coupled to the closure device of FIG. 6E. The closure composition precursor is delivered through the closure lumen to the puncture.
- FIG. 6G illustrates the puncture after the closure device is completely withdrawn from the tissue site.
- FIG. 7A is a side view of a closure device including a fiber optic ring as a energy delivery device.
- FIG. 7B is a cross section of the fiber optic ring of FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 8A is a side view of a closure device with a contact switch as a position sensing mechanism.
- FIG. 8B is a side view of a contact switch of FIG. 8A being compressed by the vessel wall.
- FIG. 9A is a cross section of a closure device containing a plurality of precursor exit ports coupled to a single closure lumen.
- FIG. 9B is a cross section of a closure device containing a plurality of precursor exit ports coupled to a plurality of closure lumens.
- FIG. 9C illustrates a closure device with a plurality of pressure ports and first and second closure lumens.
- FIG. 10A is a side view of a closure device including a balloon as the position sensing device.
- FIG. 10B illustrates the closure device of FIG. 10A disposed within a vessel.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a position sensing mechanism in the form of a curved wire positioned within the vessel lumen.
- FIG. 12A is a cross section of a closure device with a plurality of closure lumens and a static mixer.
- FIG. 12B is a cross section of a static mixer which is a removable cartridge.
- FIG. 13 is a cross section of a closure device which alternate the precursor exit ports from a first closure compound with the precursor exit ports of a second closure compound.
- FIG. 14A is a cross section of an anti-backflow valve.
- FIG. 14B is a cross section of an anti-backflow valve.
- FIG. 15A illustrates a flapper valve disposed within the distal end of a closure device.
- FIG. 15B is a side view of a flapper valve.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a
closure device 10 according to the present invention. Theclosure device 10 may be used to seal a puncture in a vessel such as a femoral artery. - The
closure device 10 includes anelongated body 12 with aproximal end 14 and adistal end 16 sized to be inserted into a lumen of a vessel. The surface of theelongated body 12 is preferably made of a non-stick material, such as Teflon, or coated with a biocompatible lubricant. Positioned within theelongated body 12 are one or more closure lumens which extend from adjacent theproximal end 14 of the device to thedistal end 16 of the device for introducing a closure composition precursor adjacent the vessel puncture site. Illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B is aclosure device 10 with asingle closure lumen 18 with aprecursor entrance port 20 and at least oneprecursor exit port 22 adjacent thedistal end 16. Theprecursor entrance port 20 is preferably removably coupleable to a closurecomposition precursor source 24 for supplying the closure composition precursor to theclosure device 10. Theclosure lumen 18 may optionally contain ananti-backflow valve 26 to prevent blood from flowing into theclosure lumen 18 from the vessel. - The closure composition precursor can be formed of one or more fluent materials that can be flowed from the closure
composition precursor source 24 to adjacent the devicedistal end 16 through theclosure lumen 18. The fluent closure composition precursor is transformed into a non-fluent closure composition in situ to effect closure of the puncture. In a preferred embodiment, energy is applied to the closure composition precursor to accelerate its transformation into the non-fluent closure composition. The transformation of the fluent precursor to a non-fluent closure composition may be the result of a phase change (i.e. solidification) of the precursor or a chemical modification of the precursor. For example, the precursor may be formed from multiple components which react with each other, optionally accelerated by a catalyst or energy. Alternatively, the precursor may be formed from a single component which reacts with itself, also optionally accelerated by a catalyst or energy. - In embodiments where energy is applied, the
body 12 includes anenergy delivery device 28 adjacent thedistal end 16. Theenergy delivery device 28 may be designed to deliver one or more different types of energy including but not limited to electromagnetic radiation (RF, microwave, ultraviolet, visible light, laser), ultrasound, resistive heating, exothermic chemical heating, and frictional heating. The energy source may also function to withdraw energy, i.e., perform cooling. Theclosure device 10 may also include an energysource attachment mechanism 30 for placing theenergy delivery device 28 in energetic communication with anenergy source 32. - The
body 12 further includes at least oneposition sensing mechanism 34 adjacent thedistal end 16 of theclosure device 10 for indicating whether theposition sensing mechanism 34 is located within or outside of thevessel 36. Theposition sensing mechanism 34 should be positioned on thebody 12 distal to theprecursor exit port 22 so that when theposition sensing mechanism 34 is outside thevessel 36 theprecursor exit port 22 is also outside thevessel 36. FIG. 1A illustrates theclosure device 10 with a singleposition sensing mechanism 34. As illustrated, theclosure device 10 may also include a positionmonitor attachment port 38 for coupling theposition sensing mechanism 34 to aposition monitor 40. Examples of a position sensing mechanisms include, but are not limited to, a pressure port and an electrical contact switch. - Other sensors (not shown) may also be positioned on the
body 12. For instance, a temperature sensor for measuring temperature adjacent thedistal end 16 of thebody 12 and/or an impedance sensor may be positioned at thedistal end 16 of theclosure device 10. - The
body 12 can include two or more closure lumens for the introduction of closure composition precursor. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, asecond closure lumen 42 may be coupled to a second closurecomposition precursor source 44 by a secondprecursor entrance port 46. Thesecond closure lumen 42 may also contain ananti-backflow valve 26 to prevent blood flow through thesecond closure lumen 42. - The closure composition precursor may be introduced adjacent the vessel puncture as a single composition through a single closure lumen. Alternately, a first composition may be introduced through the
closure lumen 18 and a second composition can be introduced through thesecond closure lumen 42, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The first and second compositions can be the same or different and can be introduced simultaneously or at different times. The first and second compositions may interact to accelerate the transformation to the non-fluent closure composition at thetissue site 54, for example, by reacting with each other or by one catalyzing the solidification of the other. - FIGS.3A-3B illustrate another embodiment of the invention configured to be used with a guidewire. As illustrated in FIG. 3A, the
body 12 can include aguidewire lumen 48 configured to accommodate a guidewire. Theguidewire lumen 48 can include an anti-backflow valve orhemostasis valve 50. FIG. 3B illustrates a cross-section of the device illustrated in FIG. 3B. - FIGS.4A-4F illustrate a method of using the
closure device 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1B. Theclosure device 10 is used after a surgical procedure where avessel 36 such as a femoral artery has been punctured. Angioplasty is a typical surgery which results in puncturing the femoral artery with a catheter. After the catheter devices from such a surgical procedure have been removed, asheath 52 typically remains within atissue site 54 as illustrated in FIG. 4A. Thesheath 52 penetrates theskin 56 of the patient and passes through the underlying tissue to avessel 60. Thedistal end 16 of thesheath 52 is positioned through apuncture 62 in thevessel 60. - As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the
closure device 10 is inserted into thesheath lumen 64. The position of theclosure device 10 within thesheath 52 may be set by fixing theclosure device 10 to the sheath. For example, as illustrated, theclosure device 10 may include astop collar 66 which may engage anupper flange 68 on thesheath 64. Thedistal end 16 of theclosure device 10 extends from thesheath 52 such that theposition sensor 30 andprecursor exit port 22 are distal relative to thesheath 52 and positioned within thevessel 60. - As illustrated in FIG. 4C, the
sheath 52 andclosure device 10 are simultaneously withdrawn until theposition sensor 30 is sensed to be located outside thevessel 60. Since theprecursor exit port 22 is positioned distal relative to theposition sensor 30, theprecursor exit port 22 is necessarily positioned outside thevessel 60 when the position sensor is outside thevessel 60. - As illustrated in FIG. 4D, a fluent
closure composition precursor 70 is delivered through theclosure lumen 18 and out theprecursor exit port 22 after theprecursor exit port 22 is determined to be outside thevessel 60. The fluentclosure composition precursor 44 should have sufficiently low viscosity to allow the closure composition precursor to flow through theclosure lumen 18. Once delivered, theclosure composition precursor 44 accumulates adjacent thevessel 60. The transformation of the closure composition precursor to a non-fluent closure composition serves to seal thevessel puncture 62. Energy can optionally be delivered from theenergy delivery device 28 to the closure composition precursor as illustrated byarrows 72 in order to cause and/or accelerate transformation to the non-fluent closure composition. Alternatively or in addition, a catalyst can be added to catalyze the conversion of the fluent precursor to a non-fluent closure composition. - FIG. 4E illustrates the withdrawal of the
closure device 10. - In FIG. 4F the
closure device 10 is completely withdrawn from thetissue site 54 and pressure is being applied at thearrows 74 for a sufficient period of time after the closure composition precursor is delivered to allow the closure composition to transition to non-fluent closure composition. - The
body 12 can optionally further include alocking mechanism 76 for coupling theclosure device 10 to thesheath 52. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, thelocking mechanism 76 can be a threadednut 78 complementary tothreads 80 at theproximal end 14 of thesheath 52. When theclosure device 10 is positioned within thesheath 52 the threadednut 78 is turned to engage thethreads 80 on thesheath 52 as illustrated in FIG. 5B. As a result, thesheath 52 andclosure device 10 move as a unitary body. Movement as a unitary body is desirable to prevent theclosure device 10 from moving relative to thesheath 52 when theclosure device 10 is withdrawn from thetissue site 54. Other mechanisms can be used to lock the closure device to a sheath including, for example, straps, snap-fit arrangements, bayonet locks, magnets, adhesives, and detents. - FIGS.6A-6G illustrate a method of using the
closure device 10 illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3B which include a guidewire. As discussed with regard to the method illustrated by FIGS. 4A-4F, the method makes use of asheath 52 left in place after a surgical procedure. FIG. 6A illustrates thesheath 52 in place in atissue site 54 after the surgical procedure. - As illustrated in FIG. 6B a guidewire82 is inserted into the
vessel 60 through thesheath lumen 64. - Pressure is applied to the
skin 56 upstream from thepuncture 62 as shown byarrow 76 in FIG. 6C to prevent bloodflow through thevessel 60. Thesheath 52 is then withdrawn from thetissue site 54 along the guidewire 82 as illustrated byarrow 84. - As illustrated in FIG. 6D, the guidewire82 is then thread within the
guidewire lumen 48 of theclosure device 10 and thedistal end 16 is pushed forward through thetissue site 54 until theposition sensor 30 indicates that theposition sensor 30 is within thevessel 60. Thedistal end 16 of theclosure device 10 preferably has the same or larger diameter as the sheath used in the surgical procedure. Since thepuncture 62 has been dilated to the diameter of thesheath 52, this sizing reduces leakage of blood between thepuncture 62 and theclosure device 10. - As illustrated in FIG. 6E, the
closure device 10 is slowly withdrawn from thevessel 60 until theposition sensor 30 indicates that theposition sensor 30 is located outside thevessel 60. Since theprecursor exit port 22 is positioned proximally relative to theposition sensor 30, withdrawal of the position sensor from thevessel 60 assures that theprecursor exit port 22 has been withdrawn from thevessel 60. - As illustrated in FIG. 6F, once the
precursor exit port 22 is determined to be outside thevessel 60, aclosure composition precursor 44 is delivered through theclosure lumen 18 and out theprecursor exit port 22 adjacent thevessel puncture 62. - FIG. 6G illustrates the complete withdrawal of the
closure device 10 from thetissue site 54. Pressure is applied at thearrows 86 until desired transformation of the fluent closure composition precursor to the non-fluent closure composition is substantially completed. - The
energy delivery device 28 can be optionally used to deliver a form of energy which functions to accelerate the transformation of the fluent closure composition precursor to non-fluent closure composition. Alternatively or in addition, a catalyst can be added to catalyze the conversion of the fluent precursor to a non-fluent closure composition. Most commonly, energy is used to increase the temperature of the closure composition precursor. In one embodiment, theenergy delivery device 28 is a microwave antenna positioned on or within thebody 12. The guidewire 82 can also include a microwave antenna. When microwave energy is employed, the closure composition precursor preferably includes materials capable of absorbing microwave energy. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, hematite (a Fe2O3), maghemite (y-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe304), geothite (□-FeOOH), lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH), ferrihydrite, feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH), akageneite (β-FeOOH) graphite and amorphous carbon. - The
energy delivery device 28 may also be awave guide 88 for delivery of UV, visible light or laser energy as illustrated in FIG. 7A. Theclosure device 10 includes awaveguide collar 90. FIG. 7B illustrates a cross section of thewaveguide collar 90. A plurality ofwaveguides 88 are arranged circumferentially around the collar. The light is provided to thewaveguides 88 through acable 92 coupled to a light source 94. - The
energy delivery device 28 may also be an electrode for delivering RF energy. The electrode can be a ring electrode encircling thebody 12 as illustrated in FIG. 1A or a more localized electrode as illustrated in FIG. 2. The RF supply wires are run through thebody 12 and coupled to the energysource attachment port 30. Alternatively, RF energy may be delivered to the closure composition precursor via the guidewire 82. Other types ofenergy 10 can also be used, including those that deliver ultrasound, resistive heating, exothermic chemical heating, other forms of electromagnetic radiation, and frictional heating. - Referring again to FIG. 1A, one example of a
position sensing mechanism 34 is a pressure port coupled to the position monitorattachment port 38 by a position lumen. The position monitor 40 is a pressure sensor coupled to the position sensor attachment port by tubing. As a result, an open channel is created between the pressure port and the pressure sensor allowing the pressure sensor to detect the pressure at the port. The pressure within thevessel 60 is elevated compared with the pressure in the surrounding tissue. As a result, the signal from the pressure sensor indicates whether the position port is located within or outside thevessel 60. - The
position sensing mechanism 34 can also be a contact switch 96 as illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B. The contact switch is coupled to the position monitorattachment port 38 by wires run through the body (not shown). When the switch 96 is in contact with the vessel wall the switch 96 closes and a circuit (not shown) is completed, however, when the switch 96 is not in contact with the vessel wall, the switch 96 remains open and the circuit is not completed. The circuit is monitored to determine the position of theclosure device 10 relative to thevessel 60. Alternatively, the circuit can be coupled to theenergy delivery device 24 such that the energy cannot be delivered unless the circuit is completed. In one embodiment, the device includes a mechanism which prevents the closure composition from being delivered if the position sensor is sensed to be within the vessel. As a result, energy will not be delivered unless theclosure device 10 is properly positioned within thetissue site 54. - In a preferred embodiment, the
closure device 10 includes two or more position sensors positioned around theclosure device 10 where a reading that the sensor is outside the vessel occurs when all of the sensors are outside of the vessel. By having more than one position sensor around theclosure device 10, false readings from one of the position sensors are reduced or avoided. For instance, if a singleposition sensing mechanism 34 is used, the sensing mechanism may become pressed against the vessel wall resulting in a pressure drop at theposition sensing mechanism 34. The position monitor 40 would falsely provide a signal indicating that theposition sensing mechanism 34 is outside thevessel 60. When a second position sensing mechanism is included, the second position sensing mechanism would still be exposed to the pressure within thevessel 60. As a result, the position monitor 40 would not provide a false signal. FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate aclosure device 10 with two position sensing mechanisms. In FIG. 9A, two pressure ports are coupled to a single position lumen. In FIG. 9B, each pressure port is coupled to a separate position lumen but both position lumens are coupled to the same tubing before the tubing is coupled to the pressure sensor. - FIG. 9C illustrates another embodiment of the
closure device 10 according to the present invention. Theclosure device 10 includes a plurality ofpressure ports 34 and a firstclosure composition port 20 and a secondprecursor entrance port 46. Anenergy delivery port 30 is coupled to a plurality ofenergy delivery devices 28. Theclosure device 10 includes aguidewire lumen 48 for use with the method described in FIGS. 6A-6G. - When the
position sensing mechanism 34 is a contact switch or a pressure port, theposition sensing mechanism 34 is preferably positioned at least 25 mm from thedistal end 16. This positioning assures that thedistal end 16 of theclosure device 10 remains within thevessel 60 when the closure device is positioned to deliver the closure composition precursor. This feature reduces the risk of delivering the closure composition precursor to an improper location on the vessel or within the vessel. - FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate another
position sensing mechanism 34. Aballoon 98 is coupled to thedistal end 16 of theclosure device 10 by a first and second retaining collar 99. The balloon is positioned over aninflation port 100. The balloon is coupled to aninflation bulb 102 by aninflation lumen 104 and aninflation tube 106. Theballoon 98 is deflated when theclosure device 10 is positioned within thevessel 60. Once theballoon 98 enters thevessel 60, theballoon 98 is inflated to a diameter greater than the diameter of thesheath 52 and thus thepuncture 62. Theclosure device 10 is then withdrawn until the resistance of the balloon against thepuncture 62 is felt as illustrated in FIG. 108. The resistance indicates that theprecursor exit port 22 is outside thevessel 60 and properly positioned for application of the closure composition precursor. - FIG. 11 illustrates yet another embodiment of a
position sensing mechanism 34. According to this embodiment, acurved wire 89 is positioned within the vessel. As the vessel is withdrawn, resistance is felt when the curved wire is pushed up against the interior of the vessel lumen. The closure precomposition ports are positioned such that when the resistance is felt, the precomposition ports are known to be positioned outside of the vessel. - Each
position sensing mechanism 34 can be distally positioned 0.5-30 mm from theprecursor exit port 22 and more preferably 3.0-9.0 mm from theprecursor exit port 22. These distances allow the closure composition precursor to be reliably delivered outside thevessel 60 once theclosure device 10 is positioned for delivery of the closure composition precursor. - A variety of additional sensors may be used in combination with the present invention. For example, temperature sensors may be positioned adjacent the
distal end 16 of theclosure device 10 for detecting the temperature adjacent thedistal end 16. The temperature sensors may be a thermocouple positioned on the surface of the body 12 (not shown) and hardwired to electrical contacts within a sensor monitor attachment port (not shown). These sensors are useful for regulating the amount of energy being delivered to thevessel 60 and tissue adjacent theclosure device 10 and for preventing tissue damage and ablation due to excess heat application. - Impedance sensors may also be employed when RF is used in order to monitor the amount of energy being delivered to the tissue.
- When the closure composition precursor is formed of two or more components, the
closure device 10 can optionally include astatic mixer 108 for mixing different closure composition precursor components before the closure composition precursors exit the precursor exit port orports 22. FIG. 12A illustrates astatic mixer 108 incorporated into theclosure device 10. Thefirst closure lumen 18 and thesecond closure lumen 42 intersect at least one time before terminating in at least oneprecursor exit port 22. The static mixer can also be acartridge 110 incorporated into thebody 12 of theclosure device 10 as illustrated in FIG. 12B. The intersection of the first and second lumens assures that the first and second closure composition precursors are mixed before reaching the at least oneprecursor exit port 22. - The configuration of precursor exit ports can also serve to assure adequate mixing of the first and second closure composition precursors. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the
precursor exit ports 22 corresponding to the first closure composition alternate with the precursor exit ports corresponding with thesecond closure composition 112. As a result, the first and second closure composition precursors are mixed outside theclosure device 10. - A
backflow valve 26 which is suitable for use in a closure lumen is illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B. Thevalve 26 has acomposition entrance 114 and a composition exit 116. FIG. 14A illustrates that when a fluid flows from theentrance 114 to the exit 116, adiaphragm 118 slides forward to allow the closure composition precursor to flow freely through thevalve 26. FIG. 14B illustrates that when a fluid flows from the exit 116 to theentrance 114, the fluid places pressure against the backside of thediaphragm 118 causing thediaphragm 118 to slide against theentrance 114 sealing theentrance 114 and preventing a flow of fluid through thevalve 26. - An example of a
suitable backflow valve 50 for use in thecentral lumen 48 adjacent the distal end of the device is aflapper valve 120 as illustrated in FIGS. 15A and 15B. Examples of backflow valves for the central lumen which may be positioned adjacent the proximal end of the device include, but are not limited to, duckbill valves, hemostasis valves, and Tuhoy-Bourse valves. Theflapper valve 120 is preferably formed of an elastomeric material such as medical grade silicone rubber. The configuration, as illustrated by FIG. 15B, may be a cylindrical section transitioning into a conical portion. The conical portion has a series ofslits 122 which allow various implements to pass through thevalve 50. The thickness of theflaps 124 and the flexibility of the elastomeric material will be balanced to provide memory sufficient to close the puncture as the implements are withdrawn and provide a fluid seal. Blood pressure against the outer surface of the cone will cause theflapper valve 50 to close more tightly. - The
body 12 is formed of any suitable, relatively flexible material. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, polyethylene, PEBAX polytetrafluroethylene (TEFLON) and polyurethane. - A variety of different closure composition precursors and non-fluent closure compositions can be used in the present invention. The fluent closure composition precursor and non-fluent closure composition should be biocompatible and preferably bioresorbable. The closure composition should be also capable of forming a strong puncture seal and be able to seal larger sized vessel punctures, e.g., punctures formed by 8 french or larger needles. Examples of closure compositions that can be used with the device and method of the present include, but are not limited to sealants and adhesives produced by Protein Polymer Technology (Ethicon); FOCALSEAL produced by Focal; BERIPLAST produced by Centeon (J V Behringwerke & Armour); VIVOSTAT produced by ConvaTec (Bristol-Meyers-Squibb); SEALAGEN produced by Baxter; FIBRX produced by CyoLife; TISSEEL AND TISSUCOL produced by immuno AG; QUIXIL produced by Omrix Biopharm; a PEGcollagen conjugate produced by Cohesion (Collagen); HYSTOACRYL BLUE produced by Davis & Geck; NEXACRY, NEXABOND, NEXABOND S/C, and TRAUMASEAL produced by Closure Medical (TriPoint Medical); OCTYL CNA produced by Dermabond (Ethicon); TISSUEGLU produced by Medi-West Pharma; and VETBOND produced by 3M. Examples of two part closure compositions which may be used are listed in Table 1.
CLASS OF ADHESIVE PART A PART B (Meth) Acrylic (Meth)acrylic functional (Meth) acrylic (redox initiated) monomers and oligomers functional monomers with oxidant initator and oligomers with reductant initator Polyurethane Poly isocyanate Hydrocarbon polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol Polyurea Poly isocyanate Hydrocarbon polyamine, polyether polyamine Ionomer Polyvalent metal cation Acrylic acid (co)polymer, alginate Epoxy Epoxy resin Aliphatic polyamine, catalyst - While the present invention is disclosed by reference to the preferred embodiments and examples detailed above, it is to be understood that these examples are intended in an illustrative rather than limiting sense, as it is contemplated that modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, which modifications will be within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An assembly for introducing a closure material to seal a vessel puncture site, the closure material comprising a mixture of a first and second fluid composition which, upon mixing, react to form a nonfluent closure composition, the assembly comprising
a catheter for passage through a tissue puncture and having a distal end, at least one fluid delivery port adjacent the catheter distal end to occupy a position adjacent the vessel puncture site, and a lumen in the catheter in fluid communication with the fluid delivery port,
one or more dispensers in fluid communication with the catheter lumen for dispensing the first and second fluid compositions in the catheter lumen, and
an actuator for causing the first and second fluid compositions to be dispensed from the one or more dispensers mixed by flowing the first and second fluid compositions through a static mixer and dispensed from the fluid delivery port as a fluid mixture that reacts in situ to form the nonfluent closure composition adjacent the vessel puncture site,
wherein the catheter is sized to block flow of the fluid mixture from the fluid delivery port into a substantial part of the tissue puncture, whereby a localized in situ closure forms adjacent the vessel puncture site to seal the vessel puncture site.
2. An assembly as in claim 1
wherein the static mixer is incorporated into the catheter.
3. An assembly as in claim 1
wherein the static mixer is a cartridge.
4. A method for sealing a vascular puncture site comprising the steps of
introducing a catheter through a tissue puncture, the catheter including a distal end and at least one fluid delivery port adjacent the distal end to be positioned adjacent the vessel puncture site, the catheter being sized to occupy substantially all the tissue puncture,
providing first and second fluid compositions which, upon mixing, react to form a nonfluent closure composition,
mixing the first and second fluid compositions by flowing the components through a static mixer, the static mixer communicating with the fluid delivery port, and
dispensing the first and second fluid compositions from the fluid delivery port as a fluid mixture that reacts in situ to form the nonfluent closure composition adjacent the vessel puncture site, the size of the catheter blocking flow of the fluid mixture from the fluid delivery port into a substantial part of the tissue puncture, whereby a localized in situ closure forms adjacent the vessel puncture site to seal the vessel puncture site.
5. A method as in claim 4
wherein the static mixer is incorporated in the catheter.
6. A method as in claim 4
wherein the static mixer is a cartridge.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/406,017 US20030191496A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2003-04-03 | Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna |
US11/055,440 US20050149116A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2005-02-10 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US12/069,773 US8221452B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2008-02-13 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3629997P | 1997-03-12 | 1997-03-12 | |
US08/963,408 US6033401A (en) | 1997-03-12 | 1997-11-03 | Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna |
US33430099A | 1999-06-16 | 1999-06-16 | |
US10/132,848 US6562059B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2002-04-23 | Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna |
US10/406,017 US20030191496A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2003-04-03 | Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US10/132,848 Division US6562059B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2002-04-23 | Vascular sealing device with microwave antenna |
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US11/055,440 Continuation US20050149116A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2005-02-10 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
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US11/055,440 Abandoned US20050149116A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2005-02-10 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US12/069,773 Expired - Lifetime US8221452B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2008-02-13 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
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US11/055,440 Abandoned US20050149116A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2005-02-10 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
US12/069,773 Expired - Lifetime US8221452B2 (en) | 1997-03-12 | 2008-02-13 | Systems and methods for sealing a vascular puncture |
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