US20030214701A1

US20030214701A1 - Optical fiber system

Info

Publication number: US20030214701A1
Application number: US10/383,216
Authority: US
Inventors: Martin Hempstead
Original assignee: Corning Inc
Current assignee: Corning Inc
Priority date: 2001-02-27
Filing date: 2003-03-05
Publication date: 2003-11-20
Also published as: US20020118447A1; WO2002069459B1; EP1495520A2; TW530444B; WO2002069459A3; US6636345B2; WO2002069459A2

Abstract

The optical fiber system includes a connector that is adapted to selectively communicate with an external pump system. The connector communicates with an onboard pump multiplexer which also receives input from an on-board pump via a connector. The on-board pump may be hot swapped by connecting an external pump system to the connector and coordinating the power up of the external pump system with the power down of the on-board pump to replace a failed on-board pump with a new pump.

Description

This application is continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/793,117, filed on Feb. 27, 2001, the benefit of priority of which is hereby claimed.[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention is related to the field of optical fiber systems. More particularly, the invention is directed to a system and apparatus that enables swapping of optical amplifier pumps from an onboard optical fiber system while the optical fiber system is operating.

2. Description of the Related Art

Typical optical fiber systems include a “soft-fail” pumping design that uses redundant optical pumps to prevent downtime when one of the optical pumps fails. For example, such an optical fiber system may include at least two pump lasers that provide optical power into a conventional coupler that combines the outputs of each pump laser into a single output. In this manner, the failure of one of the pump lasers results in a corresponding percentage decrease in the amplification ability of the optical fiber pumping system. For example, if the optical fiber pumping system includes two pump lasers, failure of one of the pump lasers will typically result in an output of only fifty percent of the designed output. These systems often include monitors that indicate when a pump has failed, thus, when a pump has failed, an operator may take the entire optical pumping system off-line and replace the failed pump laser with a new pump laser.

Other conventional optical fiber systems provide protective switching that re-route the signal to other parallel optical fiber pumping systems around the failed optical fiber pumping system. Such optical fiber systems completely remove the load from the optical fiber pumping system and enable a technician to remove and service the entire optical fiber pumping system. Such optical fiber systems require redundant optical fiber pumping systems which adds a great deal of expense.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is an optical fiber system that enables a hot swap of a failed pump. The optical fiber system includes an external connector that enables an external pump to be connected to the optical fiber system. The external connector communicates with a pump multiplexer that also receives an input from the internal optical pump. Such an internal optical pump may be, for example, an on-board pump laser. The optical fiber system may also include an onboard connector or switch that is positioned between the internal pump and the pump multiplexer to break the connection between the failed on-board pump laser and the pump multiplexer.

The optical fiber system of the present invention may also include a gain control system that coordinates the shut down of the internal pump laser with the power up of an external pump.

The external pump may include one or a plurality of pump lasers whose combined or averaged output wavelength approximates the wavelength of the internal pump laser.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the external pump system may include inexpensive but high power laser sources because the reliability of the external pump laser does not need to be high.

Additionally, according to an embodiment of the present invention, any number of optical pumps may be replaced using the external pumping system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an optical fiber pumping system in accordance with the present invention.[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an [0013] optical fiber system 10 in accordance with the present invention. The optical fiber system includes an external pump system 12 and an on-board optical pumping system 14. The on-board optical pumping system 14 includes a connector 16 that is adapted to communicate with the external pump system 12. The external pump system 12 may include one or more external pumps 12′. The connector 16 is in communication with a pump multiplexer 18. The connector 16 may be a bulkhead optical connector, a bare pig-tail, a connectorized pig-tail or the like. The on-board optical pumping system 14 also includes an optical pump 20 in communication with a switch (or connector) 22. The pump multiplexer 18 is in communication with a pump/signal multiplexer 24 that communicates with an optical signal line 26. Pump multiplexer 18 multiplexes or combines pump light propagating through fibers 27A and 27B which is provided into fiber 27C. That is, the total pump power provided by the optical fibers 27A and 27B is directed by the pump multiplexer 18 to fiber 27C. Pump multiplexer 18 may operate via polarization or wavelength-multiplexing and, may be utilized in conjunction with constraints on the wavelengths and/or polarization states of the pump light propagating through fibers 27A and 27B. The signal line 26 receives input optical signal and communicates with pump/signal multiplexer 24 in communication with multiplexer output signal line 28. That is, multiplexer 24 combines both pump energy and the input signal and provides the combined pump/signal light via line 28 to a rare earth doped coil. Alternatively, line 28 may be connected to a Raman gain fiber. The signal line 26 and the pump signal line 28 may be in the form of optical fiber.
One of ordinary skill in the art understands that the on-board optical [0014] fiber pumping system 14 may also include many other conventional components that condition the input signal to provide the output signal, which are not shown for the purpose of clarity. For example, the on-board optical fiber pumping system may include any number of additional input signal lines, additional pumps 20, pump/signal multiplexers, isolators, band pass filters, erbium-doped fiber, signal gain elements, other conventional optical fiber system components or the like.
The operation of [0015] optical fiber system 10 may be compromised by a failure or degradation of pump 20 on the on-board optical pumping system 14 being detected. Pump failures may include a minor degradation in the pump that may be determined by a performance monitoring apparatus (not shown) in communication with the pump 20. Additionally, inferences may be drawn regarding the pump degradation by monitoring the electrical current required by the pump 20 to maintain a given level of pump 20 output. Additionally, a degradation of the pump may be inferred by increased cooling requirements of the on-board pumping system 14. A failing pump 20 may require additional cooling to maintain a given level of output.
Once it is determined that the internal pump has failed in some manner, a technician may connect an [0016] external pump system 12 to the connector 16. The external pump system 12 may have one or more optical pumps 12′. The external pump system 12 may then be powered up and the pump 20 may be powered down in a coordinated manner so that the pump/signal multiplexer 24 does not receive a widely varying input. After the pump 20 is powered down, the switch 22 may be disconnected and the failed pump 20 may be removed from the on-board optical fiber pumping system 14. A new optical pump 20 may then be installed into the optical fiber pumping system 14. The switch 22 may then be closed and the new pump 20 may be powered up in a coordinated manner with the power-down of the external pump system 12 to avoid widely varying inputs to the pump signal multiplexer 24.
The power up of the [0017] external pump system 12 and the power-down of the on-board (i.e. internal) pump 20 may be controlled by an automatic gain control system (not shown). An automatic gain control system may be necessary depending upon the automatic gain control alarms and monitors that are available to set the external pump. However, it is also desirable to provide an automatic gain control system to permit continuous operation of the on-board gain control. The automatic gain control system may include multiple independent gain control systems that are coordinated and/or a single gain control system that is adapted to control both the on-board pump and the external pump. It is also conceivable that an optical fiber pumping system may include spare on-board pump that is controlled to compensate for a failed on-board pump until that failed pump is replaced.
If the [0018] internal pump 20 operates on a specific wavelength and the external pump system 12 operates on a different wavelength, then spectral changes in the output of the optical fiber system 10 may occur. If such spectral changes are unacceptable, the external pump system may include a plurality of multiplexed pumps with an average wavelength that is equal to the pump 20. It is to be understood that the present invention may be used with any type of multiplexer such as a polarizing multiplexer, a wavelength multiplexer or the like.
One of ordinary skill in the art understands that the on-[0019] board pumping system 14 may contain many more multiplexers than are shown in FIG. 1. Furthermore, to accommodate the external pump system 12 additional multiplexers 18 may be added upstream or downstream of the existing on-board multiplexers. Alternatively, additional external connectors 16 may be provided to the on-board optical pumping system 14. In any case, many modifications may be made to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to ensure the correct distribution of pump power through the amplifier in all circumstances. One of ordinary skill in the art also understands that any number of amplifiers on the on-board optical fiber pumping system 14 may be connected through a 1×n switch (not shown) to a single external pump system 12 that may be automatically routed to any amplifier with a failing pump.
While various embodiments in accordance with the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and is susceptible to numerous changes and modifications as known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein, and includes all such changes and modifications. [0020]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An optical fiber system, said system capable of providing both pump and signal light to another system comprising:

a first, internal optical pump;

a pump multiplexer in communication with said first, internal optical pump;

an external connector in communication with said pump multiplexer

a pump/signal multiplexer in communication said pump multiplexer and a signal line; and

at least one external optical pump, optically and mechanically independent from said first, internal optical pump and, detachably connectable to said external connector so that said first, internal optical pump can be replaced with another pump without interrupting output from said optical fiber system.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a switch through which said first, internal optical pump may selectively communicate with said first pump multiplexer.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a gain control system in communication with said first, internal optical pump and said external pump, said gain control system coordinates a shut down of said first pump with a powering up of said external pump.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein said optical fiber system includes a gain medium.

5. The optical fiber system of claim 1, wherein said gain control system includes a first gain controller in communication with said first, internal optical pump, and a second gain controller in communication wherein said external optical pump and said first gain controller.

6. An external pump system adapted to communicate with an optical fiber system that includes a first, internal optical pump, a pump multiplexer in communication with said first internal, optical pump, and an external connector in communication with said pump multiplexer, said external pump system comprising:

a second optical pump;

a connector in communication with said second optical pump, wherein said connector is adapted to detachably connect to said external connector on said optical fiber pumping system; and

a gain control system in communication with said first and second pumps that coordinate a shutdown of said first, internal optical pump with a powering up of said second pump, such as to enable continued provision of multiplexed signal and pump light from an output port of said pump signal multiplexer.

7. A method for replacing an optical pump in an optical fiber system that includes a first optical pump, a pump multiplexer in communication with said first optical pump, and an external connector in communication with said pump multiplexer, said method comprising the steps of:

(i) providing an external pump system that includes a second optical pump;

(ii) detachably connecting said external pump system to said external connector;

(iii) powering up said second optical pump;

(iv) removing the power from said first optical pump;

(v) removing said first optical pump from said optical fiber system;

(vi) providing a third optical pump;

(vii) installing said third optical pump in said optical fiber system; wherein said powering up said second optical pump is done while said first pump is powered down such that a selected gain level is maintained; removing the power from said second optical pump is done while said third optical pump is powered up such that said selected gain level is maintained; and

(viii) disconnecting said external pump system from said external connector, such that said first optical pump is removed without interrupting operation of said optical fiber system.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of switching said first optical pump out of communication with said pump multiplexer before removing said first optical pump and switching said third optical pump into communication with said pump multiplexer before powering said third optical pump.

9. The optical fiber system accordingly to claim 4, wherein said gain medium is Raman gain medium.

10. The optical fiber system according to claim 4, wherein said gain medium is rare earth doped gain medium.

11. The optical fiber system according to claim 10, wherein said rare earth is erbium.