US20040015289A1 - Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display - Google Patents
Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040015289A1 US20040015289A1 US09/812,228 US81222801A US2004015289A1 US 20040015289 A1 US20040015289 A1 US 20040015289A1 US 81222801 A US81222801 A US 81222801A US 2004015289 A1 US2004015289 A1 US 2004015289A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- vehicle
- camera
- capture
- field processor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013479 data entry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000015976 Corneal dystrophy-perceptive deafness syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QNXAVFXEJCPCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diclosulam Chemical compound N=1N2C(OCC)=NC(F)=CC2=NC=1S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl QNXAVFXEJCPCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/38—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using photographic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/052—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for determining speed or overspeed
- G08G1/054—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for determining speed or overspeed photographing overspeeding vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to speed detection of moving vehicles, and more particularly to compact, mobile speed detection systems that provide for accurate speed detection with accompanying image capture, processing, and production at the location of the field portion of the system, such as the present location of the law enforcement vehicle.
- the system also provides the advantage of automating the capture of images of speeding vehicles at a predetermined distance from the system and of capturing a set of useful information (e.g., date, time, location, speed limit, detected speed, and the like).
- a computer system is included in the disclosed system to run a frame grabber program to capture a frame of the video image.
- the computer system includes a removable data storage device for storing the captured image frames and the associated set of information.
- the system is taught to be operated by placing the system in a selected location to monitor vehicle speeds, such as along a road with the bulky computer system position in the back of a van or other vehicle.
- the system is initially set up by an operator and then allowed to operate automatically without or with minimal operator control for a certain period of time.
- An operator then removes the data storage device from the system and takes the data storage device back to a separate office or facility for processing of the captured images (i.e., grabbing a still image from the video) and data with a computer system at the office.
- tickets can be produced by combining the video image with the collected data and then mailing the ticket to owners of vehicles that violated a speed limit by a selected amount (such as 5 miles per hour in a school zone and 10 miles per hour for a highway).
- a hardcopy of the image may be included with the ticket with the data being overlaid by the office computer system.
- the field computer system such as a personal computer, includes a monitor to allow an operator to view the collected image and to facilitate entering of field parameters. Additionally, the field computer system may perform some of the processing features (such as overlaying of the set of information on a grabbed frame of the video) and may include a thermal printer to produce copies of the image with the overlaid information at the field unit.
- the video-based laser speed detection systems have not addressed all of the operating problems facing field operators and are not particularly useful in some field applications.
- the use of frame grabbing with a video camera for image capturing is most effective with a relatively high capacity and higher speed data processing system and large data storage capacity.
- the computer requirements are met with a personal computer with central processing unit with a frame grabber PC card installed and associated monitor and keyboard.
- the combined use of a video camera with a personal computer results in a bulky package that is often costly and is usually physically large, which limits its usefulness in the field.
- a device or system for detecting a speed of a moving vehicle and for capturing an image of the vehicle that provides an accurate determination of the vehicle's speed along with readily accessible proof that the speed has been correctly matched to the proper vehicle.
- a speed measurement device would be designed for field use (such as inside or outside an operator's vehicle) providing prompt and useful evidence of a vehicle's speed while also being compact, lightweight, and easy to operate.
- the device would also preferably be useful in various weather conditions, provide protection of collected images and data, and be relatively inexpensive to purchase and operate.
- the present invention addresses the above discussed and additional problems by providing a compact and portable speed measurement and image capture system that combines an accurate laser speed detector with a programmable digital camera and a portable field processor.
- the portable field processor is configured to allow an operator to enter capture session and system parameters, such as a posted speed limit and a capture speed level, and to receive vehicle speed signals from the speed detector.
- the portable field processor operates to selectively transmit image capture signals to the digital camera in response to these speed signals (e.g., generates image capture signals when the capture speed level is exceeded).
- the digital camera is programmed to retrieve a still image of the vehicle from its buffers or memory and create and transmit a digital image file (such as a file compressed per JPEG standards).
- the portable field processor then writes the speed signal data into the digital image file and displays the combined file on a display screen.
- the portable field processor can then be detached from the system by a field operator to show the displayed image to a vehicle operator.
- a classification sensor is provided to detect whether the vehicle is a commercial vehicle, such as by height measurements, axle counting, weight measurements, and the like, and two distinct capture speed levels are used to effectively capture images of private and commercial speeding vehicles that may different speed limits.
- a compact speed measurement system for field or onsite use in measuring speeds of vehicles and capturing images of select vehicles.
- the system includes a laser-based speed detector for determining a speed of a vehicle in a specific target area. When a speed is determined, the detector generates a speed signal.
- the system also includes a camera generally aligned with the speed detector operable to capture and store digital-format still images of vehicles in memory. Specifically, the camera is programmed to respond to an image capture signal to generate and transmit a digital image file including a still image of the vehicle targeted by the detector.
- a portable field processor is communicatively linked to the speed detector and the camera to first receive the speed signal, to process the speed signal and in response transmit an image capture signal to the camera, and to receive the digital image file from the camera.
- the portable field processor includes software to create a combined speed and image data file by modifying the digital image file to include speed data from the speed signal.
- the digital image file may be a JPEG-format file and the modifying may involve writing the speed data to the header of the JPEG file.
- the portable field processor includes a display screen and is configured to display the modified digital image file on the display screen. An operator can then operate the field processor to enlarge and/or enhance selected portions of the displayed image (such as to enlarge the license plate portion of the image).
- the field processor can be readily detached from the system and hand carried to a stopped vehicle to show the vehicle operator the displayed image as proof of their speed.
- the system is configured such that the digital camera acts as a charging power source for the field processor, i.e., the camera will stop operating before the field processor loses power thus assuring storage of all captured images.
- a method for measuring a speed of a moving vehicle and capturing a digital image of the same moving vehicle.
- the method involves initially positioning and setting up a speed detector and a camera at a location selected by an operator for targeting vehicles moving through a target area.
- the camera is operated on an ongoing basis to capture or temporarily store a still image of each vehicle passing through the target area.
- the speed detector operates on an ongoing basis to determine the speed of a specific vehicle in the target area.
- the speed data including the determined speed is transmitted to a portable field processor.
- the speed data is processed by the field processor, which responds by transmitting a trigger signal to the camera.
- the camera receives the trigger signal, responds by retrieving a still image corresponding to the targeted vehicle, and then transmits the still image in a digital image file to the portable field processor.
- several of the functions are synchronized to insure that the captured image is an image of the same moving vehicle that was targeted by the speed detector. This is achieved by determining the speed at a speed measurement time with the detector and operating the camera to store still images during an image timing cycle. Synchronization occurs by operating the field processor to transmit the trigger signal within the timing cycle that also coincides with the speed measurement time.
- the method includes determining the classification of the vehicle, such as with a separate classification sensor (e.g., a height sensor).
- the classifications may include private or lower weight vehicles, commercial trucks or higher weight vehicles, and other classifications that may be used by governments in establishing differing speed limits (e.g., 55 mph for commercial vehicles and 65 mph for private vehicles).
- the processing of the speed data includes first identifying the classification of the vehicle (such as from the combined speed data string including vehicle speed, range of vehicle from speed detector, and the vehicle type) and then comparing the detected speed with the speed limit for that type of vehicle.
- Vehicle classification in the method may be achieved in many ways. For example, vehicle classification may include sending a signal directly to the field processor from a separate sensor configured to detect vehicle type or classification may include concatenating vehicle type information onto the laser speed detector data string.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an implementation of a speed measurement and image capture system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a display screen of the portable field processor of FIG. 1 as it would be viewed by an operator of the processor and by a vehicle driver.
- FIG. 3 is front perspective view of an embodiment of the speed measurement and image capture system of FIG. 1 illustrating the compactness of the system as the entire system is mounted on a standard photographers tripod.
- FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the system of FIG. 1 similar to FIG. 3 illustrating the operator's view of the system and showing the field processor housing for holding and viewing the portable field processor.
- FIG. 5 is rear side view of the system of FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrating the detachable mounting bracket and the communication and power ports or connections of the system components.
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating the acts and features of operating the speed measurement and image capture system to capture and process images and then display the images to a vehicle operator with portable field processor.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a speed measurement and image capture system 100 that is especially configured to be used in the field by law enforcement officers.
- the system 100 includes components that can be combined into a compact and portable unit for ready mounting on a tripod or onto a bracket of a vehicle.
- the system 100 also includes a portable field processor 110 that is designed to receive digital information (i.e., captured digital images and detected speeds and ranges), to process the information (such as by zooming in on a vehicle operator's face and/or a license plate on the vehicle), and to be detached from the system 100 to be carried over to the vehicle.
- the captured and processed image can then be easily displayed to the vehicle operator on a display screen 112 of the portable field processor 110 .
- the speed measurement and image capture system 100 includes a portable field processor 110 in communication with both a laser speed detector 130 and a digital camera 140 .
- the laser speed detector 130 is utilized by the portable field processor 110 to obtain a speed of a moving vehicle 134 and the vehicle's range or distance from the detector 130 .
- the digital camera 140 is operated by the portable field processor 110 to capture an image of the front portion of the vehicle 134 .
- the digital image is combined with the detected speed and range information by the portable field processor 110 for use in proving that a vehicle was going the detected speed (e.g., violating a posted speed limit).
- the laser speed detector 130 may be any of a number of laser-based speed and range detection devices that are useful for determining speed and range of a vehicle or other object from the detector 130 at the time the determination was made. Additionally, the detector 130 preferably is configured to provide the determined speed and range information over a communication link to the input/output port 122 of the portable field processor 110 (e.g., in digital form). In one preferred embodiment, the laser speed detector 130 is a laser-based sensor device such as that available from Laser Technology, Inc., Englewood, Colo. under the product name of UltraLyte, which operates effectively to determine the speed and range measurement data and to download the data to the portable field processor 110 (e.g., at a baud rate of 9600 or higher). As shown, the portable field processor 110 includes memory 120 for storing the speed and range measurement data from the laser speed detector 130 .
- the digital camera 140 is a significant feature of the system 100 providing the key functions of capturing and delivering a digital image when prompted by the portable field processor 110 and of acting as the charging power supply for the portable field processor 110 .
- the digital camera 140 is preferably fully programmable and is selected to create a digital still image on demand and to download the image (e.g., a compressed digital file such as JPEG file) to the portable field processor 110 , which can append the speed and range information to the digital image file such as in the JPEG file header.
- the digital camera 140 is included to provide the proof that the correct vehicle 134 has been targeted by the laser speed detector 130 by taking or capturing a digital image of the vehicle 134 as the speed is substantially concurrently (i.e., within an acceptable time window, as discussed below) being determined by the detector 130 .
- the operation of the digital camera 140 and laser speed detector 130 are synchronized by the portable field processor 110 .
- the digital camera 140 includes a lens 142 which is selected such that the camera 140 can capture vehicle images which can be resolved to accurately show the vehicle license plate (and in some embodiments, the vehicle operator's face).
- the digital camera 140 has a range or field of resolution that preferably coincides with, or is larger than, the target area of the laser speed detector 130 (e.g., a range of 0 to 125 meters or more).
- the digital camera 140 is powered by an integral battery 144 , which is also used to provide power to the portable field processor 110 via power supply port 124 as is discussed in detail below.
- the digital camera 140 may take many forms and configurations to provide the features and operational advantages of the present invention.
- the digital camera is a high-speed Ethernet camera (such as those available from JVC under Model No. VN-C1U) that is interfaced with the portable field processor 110 with a network card (such as a Compact Flash network card) in the input/output 122 of the processor 110 .
- a network card such as a Compact Flash network card
- This type of digital camera is desirable for the camera 140 because it has a high data transfer speed and is programmable but many other digital cameras may be employed in the invention.
- the camera 140 is operated in a mode to automatically compress captured images into a JPEG format which reduces the file size of the images prior to them being transferred to the portable field processor 110 .
- the initial setup (e.g., parameter setup) and image capture request communication from the portable field processor 110 to the camera 140 is typically performed via an Ethernet connection (e.g., a 10Base-T Ethernet LAN) with UDP or other protocol to provide a connection rate useful for rapidly downloading the digital images from the camera 140 to the processor 110 .
- an Ethernet connection e.g., a 10Base-T Ethernet LAN
- UDP 10Base-T Ethernet LAN
- the camera 140 preferably is able to operate in an automatic mode and in a manual mode.
- the camera 140 automatically adjusts the exposure, gain, brightness, and other operating parameters to provide a high quality image.
- the camera 140 can be adjusted by an operator or by the processor 110 to set a number of operating parameters.
- image resolution 640 ⁇ 480 pixels
- JPEG compression low or best resolution for camera 140
- exposure ⁇ fraction (1/1000) ⁇ second
- frame rate maximum for camera 140 such as 30 frames/second
- contrast default of camera 140
- brightness median setting for camera 140
- sharpness default of camera 140
- a number of lens systems 142 may be utilized to obtain a desirable captured image, such as a lens system with a 225-millimeter focal length.
- the lens system 142 provides a full field-of-view of 1.5 degrees and is focused at 80 meters to obtain sharp images from 50 to 120 meters.
- the focus distance is preferably matched to the target field capacity and setting of the laser speed detector 130 .
- the only camera 140 adjustment that is manually performed in the field is adjustment of the aperture.
- Other operating parameters, such as gain are set by an operator of the system 100 via the portable field processor 110 by entering information in a capture setup screen (discussed in more detail below).
- the system 100 is configured such that the digital camera 140 functions as a charging power source for the portable field processor 110 .
- This arrangement enables the processor 110 to be fully charged even when the digital camera 140 does not have enough power to continue to operate (i.e., when its battery 144 is depleted) which provides an added level of data protection for previously captured images and speed and range information with data loss being unlikely.
- This charging feature may be carried out in a number of ways, and the following embodiment is exemplary only and not limiting of the breadth of the invention.
- the camera 144 includes a battery 144 that provides the needed input power for operating the camera 140 .
- the battery 144 may be a readily available 7.2 VDC rechargeable lithium ion battery or other type and rating battery that can be mounted to the camera 140 .
- the camera 140 operates at a different power level than provided by the battery 144 (or desired by processor 110 ) and a step-down regulation board (not shown) is mounted between the camera 140 and the battery 144 (e.g., the camera 140 may require 5 VDC input power and the step-down regulation board would be configured to step down the 7.2 VDC to 5 VDC).
- a switch (not shown) may be provided to break the connection between the battery 144 and the regulation board.
- the stepped-down voltage may be provided to the processor battery system 126 .
- the battery 144 is connected directly to the power supply port 124 that feeds the charging power to the battery system 126 of the processor 110 .
- a step-down regulator (not shown) may be provided in the processor 110 .
- the stepped-down power from the regulation board (not shown) in the camera 140 can be fed through the communication line to the input/output port 122 of the processor 110 .
- the processor 110 power supply wiring may be included in the Ethernet communication wiring from the camera 110 with the stepped-down power (such as 5 VDC) being brought into the processor 110 through the input/output port 122 (e.g., a serial connector port).
- the system 100 is uniquely configured such that the speed of the vehicle 134 can be accurately determined and an image captured with the detector 130 and camera 140 .
- This data is downloaded to the portable field processor 110 , which can be removed or detached from the system 100 and easily carried over to the vehicle 134 by a system operator to display the captured image with the determined speed to the vehicle operator.
- the processor 110 includes an input/output port 122 for communicating with the detector 130 and camera 140 .
- the port 122 may be configured with a Compact Flash network card, such as those available from Socket (e.g., a Socket, part number EA2902-139 Ethernet card), that in one embodiment is an Ethernet card selected to provide 10BaseT communications with the camera 140 .
- Socket e.g., a Socket, part number EA2902-139 Ethernet card
- the communication cable from the port 122 is ruggedized such that there is no connector to reduce the chance of a communication malfunction during field operations.
- the cable connections discussed and illustrated may be replaced with infrared (IR) links between the processor 110 and one or both of the camera 140 and the detector 130 .
- IR infrared
- the processor 110 is preferably a small, handheld computer device or palmtop computer that provides portability and is adapted for easy mounting (as discussed with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4).
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- the portable field processor 110 includes a display and input/output screen 112 for use by the operator in displaying an image and speed and range information to an operator of the vehicle 134 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment 200 of a screen shot displayed on the display 112 .
- the captured image includes an image of the vehicle 134 and in this embodiment, the captured image has been processed by the processor 110 to zoom in or enlarge the portion of the captured image that shows the license plate 204 of the vehicle 134 .
- the collected speed and range data and other operator-entered data are shown in an information section 208 of the screen 112 to provide quick verification that the speed determined has been matched to the correct vehicle 134 .
- Operation of the processor 110 to process the captured image is discussed below with reference to FIG. 6, and preferably includes the ability to select portions of the captured image received from the camera 140 for modification (e.g., to show clearly the license plate 204 and/or the face of the vehicle operator). While many screen or display technologies may be employed, one embodiment uses a reflective TFT screen that uses sunlight for illumination to enhance outdoor performance.
- the display 112 is used during operation to enter data (such as camera operating parameters and capture session parameters) and may use stylus, touch screen, and keyboard functions commonly available with PDAs for entering and manipulating data (e.g., selecting items in menus).
- the processor 110 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 114 , such as a 71 MHz MIPS R4000 or a 206 MHz Intel Strongarm 32-bit RISC processor, to perform the logic, computational, and decision-making functions of the field processor 110 including interpreting and executing instructions.
- Memory 120 is provided for use during software execution and for storing digital image files from the camera 140 , speed and range information from the detector 130 , and capture session parameters entered by an operator.
- memory 120 comprises 24 or more MB memory with 8 MB for program execution and the remaining 16 MB for data storage.
- An operating system 116 is provided to manage the basic operations of the field processor 110 and in a preferred embodiment is the WindowsTM CE 3.0 or newer operating system available from Microsoft, Inc., Bellevue, Wash. that is configured to support UDP protocol for communicating with the detector 130 and camera 140 .
- a system coordinator 118 e.g., operating software, is provided to coordinate the activities of the system 100 .
- the system coordinator 118 preferably is configured to allow an operator of the processor 110 to set and modify system operating parameters, to browse previously captured images, and to capture new images of vehicles 134 .
- Numerous programming languages may be utilized, and in one embodiment, the system coordinator 118 is written in Visual C++ and compiled for the MIPS or StrongArm processor 114 and the specific operating system 116 (e.g., WindowsTM CE).
- the combination of a digital camera 140 and a laser speed detector 130 with digital data output significantly simplifies the act of combining the speed and range data (and capture session data input by an operator) with the digital image file from the camera 140 .
- This is a large improvement over prior art devices that utilized video-based image capture and then employed a processing hungry and/or time consuming and complex series of steps to overlay the digital information over a captured frame of the video image of a vehicle.
- synchronization of the operation of the detector 130 and camera 140 is simplified by the inclusion of digital photography technology in the system 100 . Synchronization is important to accurately match captured images with determined speed and range data.
- the system coordinator 118 achieves the combination of the speed data with the image by inserting the speed and range data into the digital image file header.
- the combination of data may be completed by and at the digital camera 140 .
- the laser speed detector 130 is communicatively linked to the camera 140 to receive operating instructions (e.g., range-gate information) from the processor 110 as well as for passing the determined data to the processor 110 via camera 140 .
- a number of other operating parameters and capture session data may be inserted in the image file header when the image file is processed and then stored in the memory 120 by the system coordinator 118 .
- the following information is stored in the image file header: (a) date (which is preferably automatically updated by the processor 110 ); (b) time (preferably updated automatically by the processor 110 ); (c) operator name (entered by system 100 operator using a setup screen on display 112 ); (d) operator ID; (e) capture location (entered by operator using setup screen indicating location for monitoring vehicles 134 ); (f) determined speed (provided by the detector 130 ); (g) distance (provided by the detector 130 ); (h) speed limit (entered by operator using setup screen); X and Y crosshair positions (automatically entered during the alignment process to show detection point of detector 130 ); and camera ID (entered by operator and may include camera 140 serial number).
- the systems coordinator 118 preferably allows the operator to set different modes of operation of the system 100 to selectively store chosen images.
- the operator may select “all” which indicates that during a capture session all speed data for vehicles determined to being going equal to or above the captured speed are stored in a log file in memory 120 for statistical or other uses.
- the “all” setting may be useful for automated and non-monitored operation of the system 100 (such as setting up the system 100 at a location for a period of time to monitor general traffic patterns and then retrieving the system 100 or the memory 120 at a later time).
- the operator may enter capture parameters such as a capture level that indicates the amount over the entered speed limit that should be captured.
- the capture level may be set at 0 mph, and all vehicles 134 determined to be moving at a speed above the entered speed limit are captured. More preferably, a capture level such as 5 or 10 mph is entered to reduce the number of image files captured, processed, and stored in the processor 110 but yet to capture the vehicles 134 that are exceeding the entered speed limit by a level that indicates a citation or ticket should be issued.
- This mode of operation is suitable for both unmonitored operation and for monitored operation (i.e., in which an operator monitors operation with the capability of stopping a capture session to process and display an image to a particular vehicle operator).
- the system 100 may include a field printer 150 to allow the processor 110 to transmit an image print file to the printer 150 to print screen images or other files in the field.
- a thermal printer can be connected to the serial port of the processor 110 (or to the field processor housing 310 , discussed below).
- the system 100 may include a base station 160 in communication via link 156 (a wired or wireless link that may include a direct connection such as by taking the processor 110 to a home office containing the base station 160 or a communications network such as the Internet) to the portable field processor 110 .
- the base station 160 may include one or more computer systems configured with software and processing components to enable the base station 160 to access and process the image files in memory 120 (or alternatively, the memory 120 may be removed and taken to the base station 160 ). This enables an operator of the base station 160 to browse the image files or to sort the files based on capture sessions and/or speeds (or speed to speed limit differentials) for creation of citations or tickets.
- the base station 160 includes software and processing capacity to be able to process the digital image files to enhance the images to improve clarity without modifying the original files.
- New screen images are created that may include enlarging selected portions of the image (such as the license plate area or operator area of the vehicle 134 ) and changing the contrast of the image to provide a higher quality picture of the vehicle 134 .
- the base station 160 can then print the enhanced or unenhanced image with all or select portions of the embedded text using any suitable printer.
- a vehicle classification sensor 170 is provided that is configured to discriminate between different classifications of vehicles.
- governments enforce two or more different speed limits.
- a 65 miles per hour (mph) speed limit may be enforced for vehicles under a certain height, weight, or axle number (typically, called private vehicles) while in the same location, a 55 mph speed limit is enforced for vehicles over a certain height, weight, or axle number (typically, called commercial vehicles).
- the system 100 is shown to include a vehicle classification sensor 170 configured for sensing a characteristic of the vehicle, such as height, weight, axle number, and the like.
- the sensor 170 may be configured to transmit a signal providing this characteristic data to the input/output 122 of the portable field processor 110 (automatically or upon request from the processor 110 ).
- the vehicle classification sensor 170 is configured to determine the classification of the vehicle and to then transmit the vehicle type information to the portable field processor 110 .
- This vehicle classification signal may be sent directly or the information may be concatenated with the laser speed detector 130 speed data (e.g., the combined data string may include vehicle speed, vehicle range from detector 130 , and vehicle type).
- the illustrated sensor 170 is useful for sensing the height of the vehicle 134 .
- the sensor 170 typically is mounted and aligned within the system 100 to sense when a vehicle 134 is at or above a height limit, such as 6 to 9 feet (i.e., whatever vehicle height is used by the government for setting the lower speed limit).
- the portable field processor 110 then processes the vehicle type information along with the vehicle speed data to determine if an image should be captured.
- the portable field processor 110 may be configured to first identify the vehicle type or classification and then retrieve from memory 120 a vehicle speed limit for the classification.
- the operator of the portable field processor 110 inputs capture levels for each possible vehicle classification.
- the processor 110 compares the received vehicle speed with the appropriate capture level to determine if an image should be captured. In this manner, the system 100 enables effective and accurate vehicle classification and capture of speeding vehicle images in locations having more than one enforced speed limit.
- the portable field processor 110 may be configured to transmit wireless signals to remote field locations to enhance speed enforcement.
- the portable field processor 110 and the digital camera 140 , and the detector 130 may be positioned to capture images of speeding vehicles at a first location on a road while the enforcing officer may be positioned at a second location remote from the processor 110 , such as 100 to 200 meters or further down the road from the processor 110 .
- the enforcement officer can be informed with a signal from the processor 110 of an approaching speeding vehicle 134 and more importantly, be provided with the combined vehicle speed data and image file for use in stopping and ticketing the vehicle 134 .
- the portable field processor 110 is shown in FIG. 1 to include a wireless output 174 for transmitting a wireless signal 176 to a remote field receiver 180 .
- the wireless signal 176 preferably includes the combined speed data and image file (explained in detail previously).
- the remote field receiver 180 may be any wireless device configured for receiving a wireless signal, and in one embodiment, is a device similar to the portable field processor 110 that is useful for processing and displaying the captured image and speed data to an operator of a vehicle 134 .
- a thermal printer may also be used at the remote location to print out hard copies of the image and speed data.
- a number of well-known wireless network devices and technologies can be utilized for the wireless output 174 .
- a number of digital wireless protocols may be used, such as CDMA, GSM, iDEN, CDPD, and Bluetooth.
- FIGS. 3 - 5 one embodiment of the speed measurement and image capture system 100 is illustrated that clearly shows the compact and portable nature of the system 100 that is achieved, at least in part, through the combined use of the digital camera 140 and the portable field processor 110 .
- the system 100 can readily be mounted on and supported by a standard tripod 330 (such as a photographer's tripod). Due to the lightweight and compact characteristics of the system 100 , the system 100 alternatively can be simply hand-held by an operator, be mounted on a number of stand arrangements besides the illustrated tripod 330 , or be mounted directly to a vehicle with the use of a receiving bracket (not shown) attached to the vehicle.
- the system 100 is mounted to the tripod 330 utilizing system mounting bracket 320 in a manner that balances the system components to enhance stability.
- the mounting bracket 320 includes a quick release plate 322 that is configured to engage the tripod 330 such that the plate 322 can be mounted rapidly and optionally fastened to the tripod 330 to lock the plate 322 in position.
- the plate 322 is configured to slide into grooves in the tripod 330 and fasteners can be inserted through holes in the plate 322 to rigidly attach the bracket 320 to the tripod 330 .
- the illustrated bracket 320 is adapted to facilitate mounting of the detector 130 , the digital camera 140 , and the field processor 110 (along with any protective housing 310 ) on the tripod 330 (or other support structure) such that the mounted system 100 is stable. Further, it is preferable that the mounted system 100 remain relatively stable with or without the field processor 110 , as a key feature of the invention is being able to remove the field processor from the system 100 .
- Many alternative arrangements can be envisioned for maintaining a stable mounting of the system 100 on a bracket 320 , and these alternative mounting arrangements are considered within the breadth of this disclosure.
- the bracket 320 is configured such that the typically heavier detector 130 is mounted substantially above the quick release plate 322 . This enhances the stability of the mounted system 100 by placing the heaviest component on or substantially on a central axis of the tripod 330 (or on an axis passing through the center of gravity of the tripod 330 ). The digital camera 140 is then mounted on the bracket 320 adjacent a first side of the detector 130 and a field processor housing 310 for housing the processor 110 is mounted on the bracket 320 adjacent a second side of the detector 130 . This configuration provides weighted stability for the mounted system 100 with the processor 110 positioned within or removed from the housing 310 .
- mounting the camera 140 to the same bracket 320 as the detector 130 facilitates mechanical alignment of the two components such that captured vehicle images more readily correspond to the vehicles 134 for which speed is detected.
- the camera 140 can be adjusted vertically and horizontally to be substantially parallel with the sighting device of the detector 130 . Alignment can be achieved by first sighting the detector 130 on a stationary object and then second sighting the camera 140 on the same object (or in opposite order).
- the two devices 130 and 140 are preferably locked in place, such as with fasteners, such that alignment is only required upon initial set up.
- Final alignment (or refined camera targeting) of the camera 140 is preferably achieved with the systems coordinator 118 of the processor 110 which can operate to position digital image crosshairs onto a specific feature of a sighted object.
- the crosshairs indicate the detection location of the detector 130 on an image captured by the camera 140 .
- the detector 130 and camera 140 communicate with the portable field processor 110 .
- the detector 130 includes a communication port 520 and the camera 140 includes a communication port 530 (although in some applications IR links may be utilized).
- Standard communication cables (not shown) are then used to connect the detector 130 and camera 140 to the communication port 502 (illustrated as a serial port) of the field processor housing or enclosure 310 .
- the portable field processor 110 (not shown in FIGS. 3 - 5 ) is positioned or plugged into the base 312 of the housing 310 to provide for communication with the detector 130 and camera 140 (as discussed with reference to FIG. 1).
- a protective cover 314 is provided that can be open, such as with hinges, to allow access to the interior portion of the base 312 for insertion and removal of the processor 110 during operation of the system 100 .
- the processor 110 is protectively housed in the housing 310 with docking for communication with the detector 130 and camera 140 but yet can readily be detached or unplugged from the housing 310 .
- the protective cover 314 includes a viewing window 318 to allow the cover 314 to be closed to protect the processor 110 from weather and dust during field use of the system 100 .
- the cover 314 is typically opened to provide access to the display 112 of the processor, and for use with many processor 110 configurations a stylus holder 316 is provided on the side of the base 312 to hold the stylus-type data input tools provided with palmtop computers and PDAs.
- An optional cover locking knob 514 is provided to lock the cover 314 in the closed position.
- the camera 140 also provided charging power to the processor 110 .
- the camera 140 includes a power outlet port 534 which is connected with a cord (not shown) to the power supply port 124 of the housing 310 and processor 110 .
- the trickle charging power is provided over the communication cable and fed into the processor 110 over a standard communication port (e.g., serial port 502 ). In this embodiment, only one cable is needed to transfer data (i.e., digital image files and parameter data) between the camera 140 and the housing 310 and to transfer power from the camera 140 to the housing 310 .
- the single cable would connect the communication port 530 of the camera 140 to the communication port 502 of the housing 310 (which in turn, is connected to the communication port, typically a serial port, of the processor 110 when the processor 110 is docked within the housing 310 ). Also, as discussed with reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments a short communication cable (not shown) is used to communicatively link the detector 130 to the camera 140 to reduce the length of cabling required. In this embodiment, the processor 110 exchanges data with the detector 130 through the camera 140 communication cable and port 530 .
- Initial set up may involve numerous steps such as the mounting of the system 100 on the bracket 320 and/or tripod 330 , but generally involves selecting a capture session location in which to monitor vehicle traffic (such as adjacent a road within the system's targeting area and with the sun striking the rear of the detector 130 and camera 140 to control glare and to better illuminate license plates) and setting up, connecting, and powering up the components of the system 100 .
- vehicle traffic such as adjacent a road within the system's targeting area and with the sun striking the rear of the detector 130 and camera 140 to control glare and to better illuminate license plates
- a portion of a road may be targeted and vehicles automatically targeted and/or captured as they cross into the capture area or target line or alternatively, an operator may target manually specific vehicles by changing the position of the system 100 (e.g., turning the system 100 on the tripod 330 ).
- the operator is requested via a menu or other data entry device on the display screen 112 of the processor 110 to select an operating mode.
- a number of operating modes may be included for operation of the system 100 such as a browse mode that allows the operator to view previously captured images and a system mode that allows the operator to enter or modify system settings (such as adjusting the camera 140 settings, the detector 130 settings, the images to be logged or stored (such as only vehicles above a capture limit indicating speeding) and the like). If these modes are selected, once the operator is finished entering information or viewing (and processing and printing) images, the process 600 ends at 618 . To capture new vehicle images and speeds, the operator at 614 selects capture mode (or continue previous capture mode) and at 618 the process 600 is continued.
- the operator is requested via a data entry screen on the display 112 to enter capture session information or parameters.
- a portion or all of these parameters will then be inserted by the system coordinator 118 into the captured image file (such as in the header of a JPEG file) for inclusion in the captured image files stored in memory 120 and/or shown to vehicle operators.
- the parameters include an operator name, an operator ID, a capture session location, the posted speed limit for the location, the capture level or capture speed limit (i.e., a speed value for which the system 100 will capture an image when the determined speed by the detector 130 is greater than or equal to the speed value), weather conditions (which in some embodiments is used by the system coordinator to automatically determining camera 140 settings such as camera gain), and the camera 140 serial or identification number.
- the capture session is begun.
- the system 100 is either positioned to automatically detect vehicles 134 that enter a target area or the operator of the system 100 may move the system 100 to target particular vehicles 134 (such as by turning the upper portion of the tripod 330 ).
- a targeted vehicle's speed and distance from the detector 130 are determined by the detector 130 , this information is transmitted to the processor 110 (e.g., via a communication connection such as RS232).
- the system coordinator 118 compares the determined vehicle's speed with the entered capture level or capture speed limit for the capture session. If the determined speed is less than the capture speed limit, no image is taken, i.e., the camera 140 is not operated to capture an image (unless all images and speeds are being logged for monitoring traffic patterns).
- the system coordinator 118 of the processor 110 transmits an operational signal to the camera 140 to trigger the camera 140 to capture an image of the vehicle 134 .
- the camera 140 retrieves the current digital image file from its memory and downloads the digital image file (e.g., a JPEG file) via the Ethernet or other connection to the processor 110 .
- the image capture step 626 may also include first classifying the vehicle 134 into classifications, such as private and commercial, used by a government agency for establishing two or more speed limits (e.g., capture levels). This classification is performed by the processor 110 or the vehicle classification sensor 170 based on detected information by the sensor 170 (such as vehicle being above a certain height, above a weight limit, or having more than a set number of axles). The processor 110 then acts to first retrieve or identify the classification of the vehicle and then compare the vehicle speed with the appropriate capture level.
- classifications such as private and commercial, used by a government agency for establishing two or more speed limits (e.g., capture levels). This classification is performed by the processor 110 or the vehicle classification sensor 170 based on detected information by the sensor 170 (such as vehicle being above a certain height, above a weight limit, or having more than a set number of axles).
- the processor 110 then acts to first retrieve or identify the classification of the vehicle and then compare the vehicle speed with the appropriate capture level.
- laser speed detectors 130 operate on a measurement cycle as measured from the start of individual laser shots or transmissions to the calculation of the speed and distance.
- a typical laser speed gun or device may have a measurement cycle of about 300 milliseconds to 400 milliseconds (with some devices having shorter and some longer cycles).
- the speed and distance data are transmitted to the processor 110 at the end of this measurement cycle.
- the time from the start of the measurement process to the export of the data is at least about 300 milliseconds and typically less than about 400 milliseconds.
- the digital camera 140 is preferably programmed such that the image is not taken for a time period greater than the shortest portion of the detector measurement cycle (i.e., about 300 milliseconds for the above illustrative examples).
- a maximum latency time i.e., time between triggering signal received at camera 140 and taking picture
- a maximum latency time of 200 milliseconds is utilized, but it is understood by the inventors that smaller and larger latency times may be selected to provide acceptable synchronization of the camera 140 and detector 130 .
- an image capture window is established that begins at about 300 milliseconds before the end of the measurement by the detector 130 and that ends at about 200 milliseconds after the trigger signal to the camera 140 .
- the camera 140 is preferably programmed in combination with operation of the system coordinator 118 (which transmits the camera trigger signal) such that the camera timing cycle coincides with the image capture window to place an image frame containing the vehicle 134 for which speed was measured within the memory of the camera 140 .
- the camera timing cycle in one embodiment is approximately 200 milliseconds with the image frame being placed in memory as early as 100 milliseconds prior to the end of speed measurement by the detector 130 and as late as 100 milliseconds after the end of speed measurement.
- This timing cycle is obtained by the systems coordinator 118 adding a time delay, such as 100 milliseconds, from the time the detector 130 completes and transmits the speed measurement to the processor 110 .
- Another phase of the timing cycle is established by the camera 140 which updates a compressed image into alternating buffers periodically, such as every 200 milliseconds. If the camera trigger signal is received just before the next update, the image would be 200 milliseconds old (or 100 milliseconds prior to the end of the speed measurement).
- the camera timing cycle, the image capture window, the timing of the camera trigger signal, and the speed measurement cycles will vary with particular components chosen for the system 100 and with the programming and operating setting of each component. These variations are acceptable in practicing the invention as long as the image capture and speed determination events can be adequately synchronized such that the same vehicle is captured in an image file and is targeted for speed determination.
- a significant feature of image capture is the combination of the image file from the camera 140 with the speed and distance data from the detector 130 and other system and/or capture session parameters.
- the data combination is completed at the processor 110 by the system coordinator 118 which functions to write or insert the speed and distance information into the header of the image file (e.g., JPEG-formatted file).
- the system coordinator 118 also writes select portions of the system parameters (such as time and date) and capture session parameters (such as location, speed limit, and operator ID) into the digital image file header.
- the modified digital image file is displayed on the display 112 of the processor 110 for viewing by the operator.
- the operator at 626 can operate the processor 110 to zoom in or enlarge select portions of the displayed image file.
- the operator may select the license plate portion or the driver's side of the windshield to enlarge one of these portions of the displayed image.
- Various image enhancing tools may also be provided in the processor 110 , and if included, the operator can enhance the image by altering the displayed contrast, brightness, and other characteristics useful to make a clearer and sharper image.
- the system 100 is allowed to operate for a period of time automatically capturing images of vehicles (all or only those above the capture limit) and combining speed and distance image and select system parameters with the digital image files. These captured and modified digital image files are then stored in memory 120 for later viewing and processing. This later viewing and processing can occur in the field via the processor 110 and/or the optional field printer 150 .
- the images stored in the memory 120 i.e., capture session data
- the downloading may be completed remotely over a communications network 156 or directly by interconnecting the processor 110 to a computer system within the base station 160 or by removing the memory 120 for use in the base station 160 .
- the combined image files can be sorted by determined speeds, by differentials between determined speeds and speed limits, by location, or by other information appended to the image file (e.g., inserted in the image file header).
- the images may also be processed to enhance picture quality and to enlarge select portions of the image.
- the electronic or hard copies of the processed images may then be used as part of a citation or ticket transmitted to the vehicle owner or operator.
- the portable field processor 110 may be used by an operator to provide proof in the field that a vehicle was violating a posted speed limit.
- the operator may interrupt an active capture session. For example, an operator may observe the displayed image on the display 112 of the processor 110 and when a speeder is displayed (above capture limit or by visual identification by the operator), the operator may stop the capture session to pull over the vehicle and issue a ticket.
- the system coordinator 118 may be adapted to provide an audio and/or visual alarm when a vehicle is detected to be driving at or above the capture limit and its image is captured. At this point, the operator detaches or unplugs the processor 110 from the housing 310 and carries the processor 110 to the stopped vehicle. The operator can display the captured image with combined data to the vehicle operator on the display 112 .
- the captured speed data and digital image may be transmitted to a receiver operated by a remotely positioned field operator (law enforcement officer).
- the field operator can then process the information with their equipment, such as another portable field processor 110 , and stop an approaching vehicle shown in the captured image.
- the field operator can then display the image to the operator of the vehicle 134 as described above.
- the operator of the system 110 may process the captured image to enlarge the license plate or the driver's face and to enhance the clarity of the displayed image.
- the operator docks the processor 110 , located in the housing 310 , to its bracket.
- a new capture session may be begun (returning to step 610 ) or the previous capture session can be resumed without having to reenter capture session parameters.
- the capture session data can be downloaded to the base station at 638 for further processing.
- a data security process is performed by the system coordinator 118 prior to writing the combined data image file to memory 120 to ensure that the image and/or speed data is not altered between the time it is collected and the time it is used in a citation or as evidence.
- a number of security processes may be utilized to indicate whether a data file has been altered.
- the system coordinator 118 may perform a check sum on the data with a seed number in the header of the combined speed data and digital image file, encrypt the check sum, and append the encryption into the header of the file. Then when a saved image file is opened, it is first verified as not being altered by removing the encrypted check sum and replacing the check sum with a seed number.
- check sum is run on the file and the new check sum is encrypted.
- the two encrypted check sums are then compared to determine if alteration has occurred.
- numerous other security processes may be utilized to reduce the risk of data modification but the exemplary method has proven effective and is detailed enough to detect an alteration as small as inverting speed digits (e.g., changing 75 mph to 57 mph).
- security is further enhanced by verifying with the processor 110 the check sum output directly by the laser speed detector 130 with an expected check sum value.
- the portable field processor 110 is configured such the memory 120 or a separate memory (not shown) is readily removable.
- the memory 120 or other memory to support this removable media may be a separate data storage device linked (such as with USB port) to the processor 110 . This configuration allows ready removal of data storage media and also facilitates field restoration of the application (system coordinator 118 ) if lost during field use (i.e., the application may be downloaded in the field by an operator).
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/191,171, filed Mar. 22, 2000.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates, in general, to speed detection of moving vehicles, and more particularly to compact, mobile speed detection systems that provide for accurate speed detection with accompanying image capture, processing, and production at the location of the field portion of the system, such as the present location of the law enforcement vehicle.
- 2. Relevant Background
- Law enforcement agencies and personnel presently use a variety of speed measurement devices to monitor traffic and, more particularly, to identify vehicles that are going faster than posted speed limits. In addition to identifying a speeding vehicle, it has become increasingly common to attempt to capture images of such speeding vehicles and then to use the images to better enforce the speed limits (i.e., use the image as part of a ticketing program). While satisfying some of the needs of the law enforcement agencies, the existing speed measurement and image capture devices have not proven suitable or reliable for many law enforcement agency applications and have created operational problems that hinder the field use of such devices.
- Various methods are used to detect the speed of moving vehicles, such as well-known radar systems. More recently, speed detection systems have incorporated lasers to accurately detect the speed of a moving vehicle and also the distance or range of the vehicle from the laser device. In general, laser speed detectors measure the time delay between the transmission of a series of pulses and a reflection of those pulses. The design and operation of laser speed detection and range finder systems may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,404 entitled “Laser-Based Speed Measuring Device, U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,651 entitled “Laser Range Finder Having Selectable Target Acquisition Characteristics and Range Measuring Precision”, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,910 entitled “Self-Calibrating Precision Timing Circuit and Method for Laser Range Finder”, which are each incorporated herein by reference. Typically, these laser speed detection systems provide accurate measures of a vehicle's speed and are useful for providing onsite speed measurements, e.g., at the location of a law enforcement vehicle, that could then be entered on a ticket by law enforcement personnel.
- Improvements have been made to increase the accuracy and usefulness of these laser-based speed detection systems. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,938,717 entitled “Speed Detection and Image Capture System for Moving Vehicles”, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a system for accurately aligning a laser speed detector and for capturing an image of a speeding vehicle with a video camera. The system also provides the advantage of automating the capture of images of speeding vehicles at a predetermined distance from the system and of capturing a set of useful information (e.g., date, time, location, speed limit, detected speed, and the like). A computer system is included in the disclosed system to run a frame grabber program to capture a frame of the video image. The computer system includes a removable data storage device for storing the captured image frames and the associated set of information.
- Generally, the system is taught to be operated by placing the system in a selected location to monitor vehicle speeds, such as along a road with the bulky computer system position in the back of a van or other vehicle. The system is initially set up by an operator and then allowed to operate automatically without or with minimal operator control for a certain period of time. An operator then removes the data storage device from the system and takes the data storage device back to a separate office or facility for processing of the captured images (i.e., grabbing a still image from the video) and data with a computer system at the office. In this manner, tickets can be produced by combining the video image with the collected data and then mailing the ticket to owners of vehicles that violated a speed limit by a selected amount (such as 5 miles per hour in a school zone and 10 miles per hour for a highway). A hardcopy of the image may be included with the ticket with the data being overlaid by the office computer system. In some applications, the field computer system, such as a personal computer, includes a monitor to allow an operator to view the collected image and to facilitate entering of field parameters. Additionally, the field computer system may perform some of the processing features (such as overlaying of the set of information on a grabbed frame of the video) and may include a thermal printer to produce copies of the image with the overlaid information at the field unit.
- While addressing some of the needs of law enforcement agencies, the video-based laser speed detection systems have not addressed all of the operating problems facing field operators and are not particularly useful in some field applications. For example, the use of frame grabbing with a video camera for image capturing is most effective with a relatively high capacity and higher speed data processing system and large data storage capacity. Typically, the computer requirements are met with a personal computer with central processing unit with a frame grabber PC card installed and associated monitor and keyboard. The combined use of a video camera with a personal computer results in a bulky package that is often costly and is usually physically large, which limits its usefulness in the field. It is not convenient or even practical for a single operator, i.e., law enforcement officer, to quickly deploy the system and then periodically move the entire system or portions of the system without moving the whole vehicle in which the system is positioned. The portability of these video-based systems is further limited by the need for a large number of communication cables and power cords (e.g., generally AC and DC power provided to each component) between the various components.
- One of the most significant advantages of a laser-based speed measurement instrument is its ability to narrowly target a single car within a group of cars. However, there is still a need for proof that the detected speed is matched with the correct car. This proof can be provided with the overlaid information if it is accurately synchronized with the proper, grabbed video frame. Of course, this synchronization and combining of information requires additional processing capacity that increases the cost and sometimes the size of the system. Also, the time required to process the information and to print out a hard copy of the produced image limits its desirability as evidence or proof of speeding in the field as enforcement officers demand relatively quick to support the issuance of a speeding ticket.
- Hence, there remains a need for a device or system for detecting a speed of a moving vehicle and for capturing an image of the vehicle that provides an accurate determination of the vehicle's speed along with readily accessible proof that the speed has been correctly matched to the proper vehicle. Preferably, such a speed measurement device would be designed for field use (such as inside or outside an operator's vehicle) providing prompt and useful evidence of a vehicle's speed while also being compact, lightweight, and easy to operate. The device would also preferably be useful in various weather conditions, provide protection of collected images and data, and be relatively inexpensive to purchase and operate.
- The present invention addresses the above discussed and additional problems by providing a compact and portable speed measurement and image capture system that combines an accurate laser speed detector with a programmable digital camera and a portable field processor. The portable field processor is configured to allow an operator to enter capture session and system parameters, such as a posted speed limit and a capture speed level, and to receive vehicle speed signals from the speed detector. The portable field processor operates to selectively transmit image capture signals to the digital camera in response to these speed signals (e.g., generates image capture signals when the capture speed level is exceeded). The digital camera is programmed to retrieve a still image of the vehicle from its buffers or memory and create and transmit a digital image file (such as a file compressed per JPEG standards). The portable field processor then writes the speed signal data into the digital image file and displays the combined file on a display screen. The portable field processor can then be detached from the system by a field operator to show the displayed image to a vehicle operator. In one embodiment, a classification sensor is provided to detect whether the vehicle is a commercial vehicle, such as by height measurements, axle counting, weight measurements, and the like, and two distinct capture speed levels are used to effectively capture images of private and commercial speeding vehicles that may different speed limits.
- According to one aspect of the invention, a compact speed measurement system is provided for field or onsite use in measuring speeds of vehicles and capturing images of select vehicles. The system includes a laser-based speed detector for determining a speed of a vehicle in a specific target area. When a speed is determined, the detector generates a speed signal. The system also includes a camera generally aligned with the speed detector operable to capture and store digital-format still images of vehicles in memory. Specifically, the camera is programmed to respond to an image capture signal to generate and transmit a digital image file including a still image of the vehicle targeted by the detector. A portable field processor is communicatively linked to the speed detector and the camera to first receive the speed signal, to process the speed signal and in response transmit an image capture signal to the camera, and to receive the digital image file from the camera.
- In a preferred embodiment, the portable field processor includes software to create a combined speed and image data file by modifying the digital image file to include speed data from the speed signal. For example, the digital image file may be a JPEG-format file and the modifying may involve writing the speed data to the header of the JPEG file. The portable field processor includes a display screen and is configured to display the modified digital image file on the display screen. An operator can then operate the field processor to enlarge and/or enhance selected portions of the displayed image (such as to enlarge the license plate portion of the image). The field processor can be readily detached from the system and hand carried to a stopped vehicle to show the vehicle operator the displayed image as proof of their speed. To control the risk of data loss, the system is configured such that the digital camera acts as a charging power source for the field processor, i.e., the camera will stop operating before the field processor loses power thus assuring storage of all captured images.
- According to another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for measuring a speed of a moving vehicle and capturing a digital image of the same moving vehicle. The method involves initially positioning and setting up a speed detector and a camera at a location selected by an operator for targeting vehicles moving through a target area. The camera is operated on an ongoing basis to capture or temporarily store a still image of each vehicle passing through the target area. The speed detector operates on an ongoing basis to determine the speed of a specific vehicle in the target area. The speed data including the determined speed is transmitted to a portable field processor. The speed data is processed by the field processor, which responds by transmitting a trigger signal to the camera. The camera receives the trigger signal, responds by retrieving a still image corresponding to the targeted vehicle, and then transmits the still image in a digital image file to the portable field processor.
- In one embodiment of the method, several of the functions are synchronized to insure that the captured image is an image of the same moving vehicle that was targeted by the speed detector. This is achieved by determining the speed at a speed measurement time with the detector and operating the camera to store still images during an image timing cycle. Synchronization occurs by operating the field processor to transmit the trigger signal within the timing cycle that also coincides with the speed measurement time.
- In another embodiment of the method, the method includes determining the classification of the vehicle, such as with a separate classification sensor (e.g., a height sensor). The classifications may include private or lower weight vehicles, commercial trucks or higher weight vehicles, and other classifications that may be used by governments in establishing differing speed limits (e.g., 55 mph for commercial vehicles and 65 mph for private vehicles). In this embodiment, the processing of the speed data includes first identifying the classification of the vehicle (such as from the combined speed data string including vehicle speed, range of vehicle from speed detector, and the vehicle type) and then comparing the detected speed with the speed limit for that type of vehicle. Vehicle classification in the method may be achieved in many ways. For example, vehicle classification may include sending a signal directly to the field processor from a separate sensor configured to detect vehicle type or classification may include concatenating vehicle type information onto the laser speed detector data string.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an implementation of a speed measurement and image capture system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a display screen of the portable field processor of FIG. 1 as it would be viewed by an operator of the processor and by a vehicle driver.
- FIG. 3 is front perspective view of an embodiment of the speed measurement and image capture system of FIG. 1 illustrating the compactness of the system as the entire system is mounted on a standard photographers tripod.
- FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the system of FIG. 1 similar to FIG. 3 illustrating the operator's view of the system and showing the field processor housing for holding and viewing the portable field processor.
- FIG. 5 is rear side view of the system of FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrating the detachable mounting bracket and the communication and power ports or connections of the system components.
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating the acts and features of operating the speed measurement and image capture system to capture and process images and then display the images to a vehicle operator with portable field processor.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a speed measurement and
image capture system 100 that is especially configured to be used in the field by law enforcement officers. In this regard, thesystem 100 includes components that can be combined into a compact and portable unit for ready mounting on a tripod or onto a bracket of a vehicle. Significantly, thesystem 100 also includes aportable field processor 110 that is designed to receive digital information (i.e., captured digital images and detected speeds and ranges), to process the information (such as by zooming in on a vehicle operator's face and/or a license plate on the vehicle), and to be detached from thesystem 100 to be carried over to the vehicle. The captured and processed image can then be easily displayed to the vehicle operator on adisplay screen 112 of theportable field processor 110. These and other features, such as the use of a digital camera battery to trickle feed power to theportable field processor 110 to enhance data storage and security, will be discussed in detail below. An overview of thesystem 100 will first be provided followed by an in depth discussion of the individual components of thesystem 100 and their operation. - As illustrated, the speed measurement and
image capture system 100 includes aportable field processor 110 in communication with both alaser speed detector 130 and adigital camera 140. As will become clear, thelaser speed detector 130 is utilized by theportable field processor 110 to obtain a speed of a movingvehicle 134 and the vehicle's range or distance from thedetector 130. Concurrently, thedigital camera 140 is operated by theportable field processor 110 to capture an image of the front portion of thevehicle 134. During operation, the digital image is combined with the detected speed and range information by theportable field processor 110 for use in proving that a vehicle was going the detected speed (e.g., violating a posted speed limit). - The
laser speed detector 130 may be any of a number of laser-based speed and range detection devices that are useful for determining speed and range of a vehicle or other object from thedetector 130 at the time the determination was made. Additionally, thedetector 130 preferably is configured to provide the determined speed and range information over a communication link to the input/output port 122 of the portable field processor 110 (e.g., in digital form). In one preferred embodiment, thelaser speed detector 130 is a laser-based sensor device such as that available from Laser Technology, Inc., Englewood, Colo. under the product name of UltraLyte, which operates effectively to determine the speed and range measurement data and to download the data to the portable field processor 110 (e.g., at a baud rate of 9600 or higher). As shown, theportable field processor 110 includesmemory 120 for storing the speed and range measurement data from thelaser speed detector 130. - The
digital camera 140 is a significant feature of thesystem 100 providing the key functions of capturing and delivering a digital image when prompted by theportable field processor 110 and of acting as the charging power supply for theportable field processor 110. Thedigital camera 140 is preferably fully programmable and is selected to create a digital still image on demand and to download the image (e.g., a compressed digital file such as JPEG file) to theportable field processor 110, which can append the speed and range information to the digital image file such as in the JPEG file header. - The
digital camera 140 is included to provide the proof that thecorrect vehicle 134 has been targeted by thelaser speed detector 130 by taking or capturing a digital image of thevehicle 134 as the speed is substantially concurrently (i.e., within an acceptable time window, as discussed below) being determined by thedetector 130. In other words, the operation of thedigital camera 140 andlaser speed detector 130 are synchronized by theportable field processor 110. Thedigital camera 140 includes alens 142 which is selected such that thecamera 140 can capture vehicle images which can be resolved to accurately show the vehicle license plate (and in some embodiments, the vehicle operator's face). Thedigital camera 140 has a range or field of resolution that preferably coincides with, or is larger than, the target area of the laser speed detector 130 (e.g., a range of 0 to 125 meters or more). Thedigital camera 140 is powered by anintegral battery 144, which is also used to provide power to theportable field processor 110 viapower supply port 124 as is discussed in detail below. - As with the
laser speed detector 130, thedigital camera 140 may take many forms and configurations to provide the features and operational advantages of the present invention. In one embodiment, the digital camera is a high-speed Ethernet camera (such as those available from JVC under Model No. VN-C1U) that is interfaced with theportable field processor 110 with a network card (such as a Compact Flash network card) in the input/output 122 of theprocessor 110. This type of digital camera is desirable for thecamera 140 because it has a high data transfer speed and is programmable but many other digital cameras may be employed in the invention. In one preferred embodiment, thecamera 140 is operated in a mode to automatically compress captured images into a JPEG format which reduces the file size of the images prior to them being transferred to theportable field processor 110. The initial setup (e.g., parameter setup) and image capture request communication from theportable field processor 110 to thecamera 140 is typically performed via an Ethernet connection (e.g., a 10Base-T Ethernet LAN) with UDP or other protocol to provide a connection rate useful for rapidly downloading the digital images from thecamera 140 to theprocessor 110. - The
camera 140 preferably is able to operate in an automatic mode and in a manual mode. In the automatic mode, thecamera 140 automatically adjusts the exposure, gain, brightness, and other operating parameters to provide a high quality image. In manual mode, thecamera 140 can be adjusted by an operator or by theprocessor 110 to set a number of operating parameters. For example, the following parameters may be set (with one preferred setting provided in parentheses): image resolution (640×480 pixels); JPEG compression (low or best resolution for camera 140); exposure ({fraction (1/1000)} second); gain (minimum=150, average setting=200, and maximum=255); frame rate (maximum forcamera 140 such as 30 frames/second); contrast (default of camera 140); brightness (median setting for camera 140); and sharpness (default of camera 140). Other operating parameters and settings will be apparent to those skilled in the art to obtain a clear enough image to identify a license plate and/or vehicle operator. - In this regard, a number of
lens systems 142 may be utilized to obtain a desirable captured image, such as a lens system with a 225-millimeter focal length. In a preferred embodiment, thelens system 142 provides a full field-of-view of 1.5 degrees and is focused at 80 meters to obtain sharp images from 50 to 120 meters. Of course, the focus distance is preferably matched to the target field capacity and setting of thelaser speed detector 130. In practice, theonly camera 140 adjustment that is manually performed in the field is adjustment of the aperture. Other operating parameters, such as gain, are set by an operator of thesystem 100 via theportable field processor 110 by entering information in a capture setup screen (discussed in more detail below). - According to one important feature of the invention, the
system 100 is configured such that thedigital camera 140 functions as a charging power source for theportable field processor 110. This arrangement enables theprocessor 110 to be fully charged even when thedigital camera 140 does not have enough power to continue to operate (i.e., when itsbattery 144 is depleted) which provides an added level of data protection for previously captured images and speed and range information with data loss being unlikely. This charging feature may be carried out in a number of ways, and the following embodiment is exemplary only and not limiting of the breadth of the invention. - In one embodiment, the
camera 144 includes abattery 144 that provides the needed input power for operating thecamera 140. For example, thebattery 144 may be a readily available 7.2 VDC rechargeable lithium ion battery or other type and rating battery that can be mounted to thecamera 140. In some embodiments, thecamera 140 operates at a different power level than provided by the battery 144 (or desired by processor 110) and a step-down regulation board (not shown) is mounted between thecamera 140 and the battery 144 (e.g., thecamera 140 may require 5 VDC input power and the step-down regulation board would be configured to step down the 7.2 VDC to 5 VDC). Further, a switch (not shown) may be provided to break the connection between thebattery 144 and the regulation board. - To provide a trickle charge to the
processor 110, the stepped-down voltage may be provided to theprocessor battery system 126. As illustrated, thebattery 144 is connected directly to thepower supply port 124 that feeds the charging power to thebattery system 126 of theprocessor 110. A step-down regulator (not shown) may be provided in theprocessor 110. Alternatively, the stepped-down power from the regulation board (not shown) in thecamera 140 can be fed through the communication line to the input/output port 122 of theprocessor 110. For example, theprocessor 110 power supply wiring may be included in the Ethernet communication wiring from thecamera 110 with the stepped-down power (such as 5 VDC) being brought into theprocessor 110 through the input/output port 122 (e.g., a serial connector port). - Turning now to the
portable field processor 110, thesystem 100 is uniquely configured such that the speed of thevehicle 134 can be accurately determined and an image captured with thedetector 130 andcamera 140. This data is downloaded to theportable field processor 110, which can be removed or detached from thesystem 100 and easily carried over to thevehicle 134 by a system operator to display the captured image with the determined speed to the vehicle operator. To achieve these and other functions, theprocessor 110 includes an input/output port 122 for communicating with thedetector 130 andcamera 140. The port 122 (e.g., an RJ45 socket) may be configured with a Compact Flash network card, such as those available from Socket (e.g., a Socket, part number EA2902-139 Ethernet card), that in one embodiment is an Ethernet card selected to provide 10BaseT communications with thecamera 140. Preferably, the communication cable from theport 122 is ruggedized such that there is no connector to reduce the chance of a communication malfunction during field operations. Of course, the cable connections discussed and illustrated may be replaced with infrared (IR) links between theprocessor 110 and one or both of thecamera 140 and thedetector 130. - The
processor 110 is preferably a small, handheld computer device or palmtop computer that provides portability and is adapted for easy mounting (as discussed with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4). For example, any of a number of personal digital assistants (PDAs) may be utilized for theprocessor 110. As illustrated, theportable field processor 110 includes a display and input/output screen 112 for use by the operator in displaying an image and speed and range information to an operator of thevehicle 134. - FIG. 2 illustrates one
embodiment 200 of a screen shot displayed on thedisplay 112. The captured image includes an image of thevehicle 134 and in this embodiment, the captured image has been processed by theprocessor 110 to zoom in or enlarge the portion of the captured image that shows thelicense plate 204 of thevehicle 134. The collected speed and range data and other operator-entered data (e.g., capture session parameters) are shown in aninformation section 208 of thescreen 112 to provide quick verification that the speed determined has been matched to thecorrect vehicle 134. - Operation of the
processor 110 to process the captured image is discussed below with reference to FIG. 6, and preferably includes the ability to select portions of the captured image received from thecamera 140 for modification (e.g., to show clearly thelicense plate 204 and/or the face of the vehicle operator). While many screen or display technologies may be employed, one embodiment uses a reflective TFT screen that uses sunlight for illumination to enhance outdoor performance. Thedisplay 112 is used during operation to enter data (such as camera operating parameters and capture session parameters) and may use stylus, touch screen, and keyboard functions commonly available with PDAs for entering and manipulating data (e.g., selecting items in menus). - The
processor 110 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 114, such as a 71 MHz MIPS R4000 or a 206 MHz Intel Strongarm 32-bit RISC processor, to perform the logic, computational, and decision-making functions of thefield processor 110 including interpreting and executing instructions.Memory 120 is provided for use during software execution and for storing digital image files from thecamera 140, speed and range information from thedetector 130, and capture session parameters entered by an operator. In one embodiment,memory 120 comprises 24 or more MB memory with 8 MB for program execution and the remaining 16 MB for data storage. Anoperating system 116 is provided to manage the basic operations of thefield processor 110 and in a preferred embodiment is the Windows™ CE 3.0 or newer operating system available from Microsoft, Inc., Bellevue, Wash. that is configured to support UDP protocol for communicating with thedetector 130 andcamera 140. - A
system coordinator 118, e.g., operating software, is provided to coordinate the activities of thesystem 100. Thesystem coordinator 118 preferably is configured to allow an operator of theprocessor 110 to set and modify system operating parameters, to browse previously captured images, and to capture new images ofvehicles 134. Numerous programming languages may be utilized, and in one embodiment, thesystem coordinator 118 is written in Visual C++ and compiled for the MIPS orStrongArm processor 114 and the specific operating system 116 (e.g., Windows™ CE). - As noted earlier, the combination of a
digital camera 140 and alaser speed detector 130 with digital data output significantly simplifies the act of combining the speed and range data (and capture session data input by an operator) with the digital image file from thecamera 140. This is a large improvement over prior art devices that utilized video-based image capture and then employed a processing hungry and/or time consuming and complex series of steps to overlay the digital information over a captured frame of the video image of a vehicle. Additionally, synchronization of the operation of thedetector 130 andcamera 140 is simplified by the inclusion of digital photography technology in thesystem 100. Synchronization is important to accurately match captured images with determined speed and range data. - In one embodiment, the
system coordinator 118 achieves the combination of the speed data with the image by inserting the speed and range data into the digital image file header. Alternatively, the combination of data may be completed by and at thedigital camera 140. In this embodiment, thelaser speed detector 130 is communicatively linked to thecamera 140 to receive operating instructions (e.g., range-gate information) from theprocessor 110 as well as for passing the determined data to theprocessor 110 viacamera 140. - In addition to the speed and range data, a number of other operating parameters and capture session data (such as that illustrated in the screen portion208) may be inserted in the image file header when the image file is processed and then stored in the
memory 120 by thesystem coordinator 118. In one embodiment, the following information is stored in the image file header: (a) date (which is preferably automatically updated by the processor 110); (b) time (preferably updated automatically by the processor 110); (c) operator name (entered bysystem 100 operator using a setup screen on display 112); (d) operator ID; (e) capture location (entered by operator using setup screen indicating location for monitoring vehicles 134); (f) determined speed (provided by the detector 130); (g) distance (provided by the detector 130); (h) speed limit (entered by operator using setup screen); X and Y crosshair positions (automatically entered during the alignment process to show detection point of detector 130); and camera ID (entered by operator and may includecamera 140 serial number). - The
systems coordinator 118 preferably allows the operator to set different modes of operation of thesystem 100 to selectively store chosen images. In one mode of operation, the operator may select “all” which indicates that during a capture session all speed data for vehicles determined to being going equal to or above the captured speed are stored in a log file inmemory 120 for statistical or other uses. The “all” setting may be useful for automated and non-monitored operation of the system 100 (such as setting up thesystem 100 at a location for a period of time to monitor general traffic patterns and then retrieving thesystem 100 or thememory 120 at a later time). - To reduce the number of image files (with added header information) stored in
memory 120, the operator may enter capture parameters such as a capture level that indicates the amount over the entered speed limit that should be captured. For example, the capture level may be set at 0 mph, and allvehicles 134 determined to be moving at a speed above the entered speed limit are captured. More preferably, a capture level such as 5 or 10 mph is entered to reduce the number of image files captured, processed, and stored in theprocessor 110 but yet to capture thevehicles 134 that are exceeding the entered speed limit by a level that indicates a citation or ticket should be issued. This mode of operation is suitable for both unmonitored operation and for monitored operation (i.e., in which an operator monitors operation with the capability of stopping a capture session to process and display an image to a particular vehicle operator). - Referring again to FIG. 1, the
system 100 may include afield printer 150 to allow theprocessor 110 to transmit an image print file to theprinter 150 to print screen images or other files in the field. For example, a thermal printer can be connected to the serial port of the processor 110 (or to thefield processor housing 310, discussed below). Additionally, thesystem 100 may include abase station 160 in communication via link 156 (a wired or wireless link that may include a direct connection such as by taking theprocessor 110 to a home office containing thebase station 160 or a communications network such as the Internet) to theportable field processor 110. Thebase station 160 may include one or more computer systems configured with software and processing components to enable thebase station 160 to access and process the image files in memory 120 (or alternatively, thememory 120 may be removed and taken to the base station 160). This enables an operator of thebase station 160 to browse the image files or to sort the files based on capture sessions and/or speeds (or speed to speed limit differentials) for creation of citations or tickets. - According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
base station 160 includes software and processing capacity to be able to process the digital image files to enhance the images to improve clarity without modifying the original files. New screen images are created that may include enlarging selected portions of the image (such as the license plate area or operator area of the vehicle 134) and changing the contrast of the image to provide a higher quality picture of thevehicle 134. Thebase station 160 can then print the enhanced or unenhanced image with all or select portions of the embedded text using any suitable printer. - According to another feature of the illustrated
system 100, avehicle classification sensor 170 is provided that is configured to discriminate between different classifications of vehicles. In many situations, governments enforce two or more different speed limits. For example, in the United States, a 65 miles per hour (mph) speed limit may be enforced for vehicles under a certain height, weight, or axle number (typically, called private vehicles) while in the same location, a 55 mph speed limit is enforced for vehicles over a certain height, weight, or axle number (typically, called commercial vehicles). In these locations, it is useful to first differentiate or classify the vehicles into the classifications used to set and enforce the differing speed limits and then to only capture those that are meeting or exceeding the speed limit (e.g., capture level). Without this ability, the vehicles violating the lower speed limit are typically not captured or a large amount of manual processing is used to eliminate all the vehicles not speeding when the lower speed limit is used as the capture level. - Referring to FIG. 1, the
system 100 is shown to include avehicle classification sensor 170 configured for sensing a characteristic of the vehicle, such as height, weight, axle number, and the like. Thesensor 170 may be configured to transmit a signal providing this characteristic data to the input/output 122 of the portable field processor 110 (automatically or upon request from the processor 110). In a preferred embodiment, thevehicle classification sensor 170 is configured to determine the classification of the vehicle and to then transmit the vehicle type information to theportable field processor 110. This vehicle classification signal may be sent directly or the information may be concatenated with thelaser speed detector 130 speed data (e.g., the combined data string may include vehicle speed, vehicle range fromdetector 130, and vehicle type). - While many vehicle sensor configurations may be utilized to practice this feature of the invention, the illustrated
sensor 170 is useful for sensing the height of thevehicle 134. In this regard, thesensor 170 typically is mounted and aligned within thesystem 100 to sense when avehicle 134 is at or above a height limit, such as 6 to 9 feet (i.e., whatever vehicle height is used by the government for setting the lower speed limit). - The
portable field processor 110 then processes the vehicle type information along with the vehicle speed data to determine if an image should be captured. For example, theportable field processor 110 may be configured to first identify the vehicle type or classification and then retrieve from memory 120 a vehicle speed limit for the classification. In a more preferred embodiment, the operator of theportable field processor 110 inputs capture levels for each possible vehicle classification. In this embodiment, once theprocessor 110 identifies the vehicle classification from the signal from thesensor 170, theprocessor 110 compares the received vehicle speed with the appropriate capture level to determine if an image should be captured. In this manner, thesystem 100 enables effective and accurate vehicle classification and capture of speeding vehicle images in locations having more than one enforced speed limit. - According to another useful aspect of the
system 100, theportable field processor 110 may be configured to transmit wireless signals to remote field locations to enhance speed enforcement. In practice, theportable field processor 110 and thedigital camera 140, and thedetector 130 may be positioned to capture images of speeding vehicles at a first location on a road while the enforcing officer may be positioned at a second location remote from theprocessor 110, such as 100 to 200 meters or further down the road from theprocessor 110. With this positioning, the enforcement officer can be informed with a signal from theprocessor 110 of an approachingspeeding vehicle 134 and more importantly, be provided with the combined vehicle speed data and image file for use in stopping and ticketing thevehicle 134. - In this regard, the
portable field processor 110 is shown in FIG. 1 to include awireless output 174 for transmitting awireless signal 176 to aremote field receiver 180. As discussed above, thewireless signal 176 preferably includes the combined speed data and image file (explained in detail previously). Theremote field receiver 180 may be any wireless device configured for receiving a wireless signal, and in one embodiment, is a device similar to theportable field processor 110 that is useful for processing and displaying the captured image and speed data to an operator of avehicle 134. A thermal printer may also be used at the remote location to print out hard copies of the image and speed data. A number of well-known wireless network devices and technologies can be utilized for thewireless output 174. Similarly, a number of digital wireless protocols may be used, such as CDMA, GSM, iDEN, CDPD, and Bluetooth. - Referring now to FIGS.3-5, one embodiment of the speed measurement and
image capture system 100 is illustrated that clearly shows the compact and portable nature of thesystem 100 that is achieved, at least in part, through the combined use of thedigital camera 140 and theportable field processor 110. As shown, thesystem 100 can readily be mounted on and supported by a standard tripod 330 (such as a photographer's tripod). Due to the lightweight and compact characteristics of thesystem 100, thesystem 100 alternatively can be simply hand-held by an operator, be mounted on a number of stand arrangements besides the illustratedtripod 330, or be mounted directly to a vehicle with the use of a receiving bracket (not shown) attached to the vehicle. - As shown in FIGS.3-5, the
system 100 is mounted to thetripod 330 utilizingsystem mounting bracket 320 in a manner that balances the system components to enhance stability. Additionally, the mountingbracket 320 includes aquick release plate 322 that is configured to engage thetripod 330 such that theplate 322 can be mounted rapidly and optionally fastened to thetripod 330 to lock theplate 322 in position. In the illustrated embodiment, theplate 322 is configured to slide into grooves in thetripod 330 and fasteners can be inserted through holes in theplate 322 to rigidly attach thebracket 320 to thetripod 330. - To distribute the weight of components and enhance stability, the illustrated
bracket 320 is adapted to facilitate mounting of thedetector 130, thedigital camera 140, and the field processor 110 (along with any protective housing 310) on the tripod 330 (or other support structure) such that the mountedsystem 100 is stable. Further, it is preferable that the mountedsystem 100 remain relatively stable with or without thefield processor 110, as a key feature of the invention is being able to remove the field processor from thesystem 100. Many alternative arrangements can be envisioned for maintaining a stable mounting of thesystem 100 on abracket 320, and these alternative mounting arrangements are considered within the breadth of this disclosure. - In the illustrated embodiment, the
bracket 320 is configured such that the typicallyheavier detector 130 is mounted substantially above thequick release plate 322. This enhances the stability of the mountedsystem 100 by placing the heaviest component on or substantially on a central axis of the tripod 330 (or on an axis passing through the center of gravity of the tripod 330). Thedigital camera 140 is then mounted on thebracket 320 adjacent a first side of thedetector 130 and afield processor housing 310 for housing theprocessor 110 is mounted on thebracket 320 adjacent a second side of thedetector 130. This configuration provides weighted stability for the mountedsystem 100 with theprocessor 110 positioned within or removed from thehousing 310. - Additionally, mounting the
camera 140 to thesame bracket 320 as thedetector 130 facilitates mechanical alignment of the two components such that captured vehicle images more readily correspond to thevehicles 134 for which speed is detected. When thecamera 140 is attached to the bracket 320 (or the portion or arm of thebracket 320 that is supporting the detector 130), thecamera 140 can be adjusted vertically and horizontally to be substantially parallel with the sighting device of thedetector 130. Alignment can be achieved by first sighting thedetector 130 on a stationary object and then second sighting thecamera 140 on the same object (or in opposite order). Once mechanically aligned, the twodevices camera 140 is preferably achieved with thesystems coordinator 118 of theprocessor 110 which can operate to position digital image crosshairs onto a specific feature of a sighted object. The crosshairs indicate the detection location of thedetector 130 on an image captured by thecamera 140. - As discussed with reference to FIG. 1, the
detector 130 andcamera 140 communicate with theportable field processor 110. As shown, thedetector 130 includes acommunication port 520 and thecamera 140 includes a communication port 530 (although in some applications IR links may be utilized). Standard communication cables (not shown) are then used to connect thedetector 130 andcamera 140 to the communication port 502 (illustrated as a serial port) of the field processor housing orenclosure 310. The portable field processor 110 (not shown in FIGS. 3-5) is positioned or plugged into thebase 312 of thehousing 310 to provide for communication with thedetector 130 and camera 140 (as discussed with reference to FIG. 1). Aprotective cover 314 is provided that can be open, such as with hinges, to allow access to the interior portion of thebase 312 for insertion and removal of theprocessor 110 during operation of thesystem 100. In this manner, theprocessor 110 is protectively housed in thehousing 310 with docking for communication with thedetector 130 andcamera 140 but yet can readily be detached or unplugged from thehousing 310. - The
protective cover 314 includes aviewing window 318 to allow thecover 314 to be closed to protect theprocessor 110 from weather and dust during field use of thesystem 100. To enter data, thecover 314 is typically opened to provide access to thedisplay 112 of the processor, and for use withmany processor 110 configurations astylus holder 316 is provided on the side of the base 312 to hold the stylus-type data input tools provided with palmtop computers and PDAs. An optionalcover locking knob 514 is provided to lock thecover 314 in the closed position. - Preferably, the
camera 140 also provided charging power to theprocessor 110. As illustrated, thecamera 140 includes apower outlet port 534 which is connected with a cord (not shown) to thepower supply port 124 of thehousing 310 andprocessor 110. In another preferred embodiment, the trickle charging power is provided over the communication cable and fed into theprocessor 110 over a standard communication port (e.g., serial port 502). In this embodiment, only one cable is needed to transfer data (i.e., digital image files and parameter data) between thecamera 140 and thehousing 310 and to transfer power from thecamera 140 to thehousing 310. The single cable would connect thecommunication port 530 of thecamera 140 to thecommunication port 502 of the housing 310 (which in turn, is connected to the communication port, typically a serial port, of theprocessor 110 when theprocessor 110 is docked within the housing 310). Also, as discussed with reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments a short communication cable (not shown) is used to communicatively link thedetector 130 to thecamera 140 to reduce the length of cabling required. In this embodiment, theprocessor 110 exchanges data with thedetector 130 through thecamera 140 communication cable andport 530. - Referring now to FIG. 6, operation of the speed measurement and
image capture system 100 will be discussed to provide a further understanding of the unique features of the invention. At 610, theoperation process 600 is started with initial set up of theportable system 100. Initial set up may involve numerous steps such as the mounting of thesystem 100 on thebracket 320 and/ortripod 330, but generally involves selecting a capture session location in which to monitor vehicle traffic (such as adjacent a road within the system's targeting area and with the sun striking the rear of thedetector 130 andcamera 140 to control glare and to better illuminate license plates) and setting up, connecting, and powering up the components of thesystem 100. A portion of a road may be targeted and vehicles automatically targeted and/or captured as they cross into the capture area or target line or alternatively, an operator may target manually specific vehicles by changing the position of the system 100 (e.g., turning thesystem 100 on the tripod 330). - At614, the operator is requested via a menu or other data entry device on the
display screen 112 of theprocessor 110 to select an operating mode. A number of operating modes may be included for operation of thesystem 100 such as a browse mode that allows the operator to view previously captured images and a system mode that allows the operator to enter or modify system settings (such as adjusting thecamera 140 settings, thedetector 130 settings, the images to be logged or stored (such as only vehicles above a capture limit indicating speeding) and the like). If these modes are selected, once the operator is finished entering information or viewing (and processing and printing) images, theprocess 600 ends at 618. To capture new vehicle images and speeds, the operator at 614 selects capture mode (or continue previous capture mode) and at 618 theprocess 600 is continued. - At622, the operator is requested via a data entry screen on the
display 112 to enter capture session information or parameters. A portion or all of these parameters will then be inserted by thesystem coordinator 118 into the captured image file (such as in the header of a JPEG file) for inclusion in the captured image files stored inmemory 120 and/or shown to vehicle operators. A wide variety of parameters may be included but in one embodiment, the parameters include an operator name, an operator ID, a capture session location, the posted speed limit for the location, the capture level or capture speed limit (i.e., a speed value for which thesystem 100 will capture an image when the determined speed by thedetector 130 is greater than or equal to the speed value), weather conditions (which in some embodiments is used by the system coordinator to automatically determiningcamera 140 settings such as camera gain), and thecamera 140 serial or identification number. - At626, the capture session is begun. The
system 100 is either positioned to automatically detectvehicles 134 that enter a target area or the operator of thesystem 100 may move thesystem 100 to target particular vehicles 134 (such as by turning the upper portion of the tripod 330). When a targeted vehicle's speed and distance from thedetector 130 are determined by thedetector 130, this information is transmitted to the processor 110 (e.g., via a communication connection such as RS232). Thesystem coordinator 118 compares the determined vehicle's speed with the entered capture level or capture speed limit for the capture session. If the determined speed is less than the capture speed limit, no image is taken, i.e., thecamera 140 is not operated to capture an image (unless all images and speeds are being logged for monitoring traffic patterns). If the determined speed is equal to or greater than the capture speed limit, thesystem coordinator 118 of theprocessor 110 transmits an operational signal to thecamera 140 to trigger thecamera 140 to capture an image of thevehicle 134. Thecamera 140 retrieves the current digital image file from its memory and downloads the digital image file (e.g., a JPEG file) via the Ethernet or other connection to theprocessor 110. - The
image capture step 626 may also include first classifying thevehicle 134 into classifications, such as private and commercial, used by a government agency for establishing two or more speed limits (e.g., capture levels). This classification is performed by theprocessor 110 or thevehicle classification sensor 170 based on detected information by the sensor 170 (such as vehicle being above a certain height, above a weight limit, or having more than a set number of axles). Theprocessor 110 then acts to first retrieve or identify the classification of the vehicle and then compare the vehicle speed with the appropriate capture level. - Within the
image capture process 626, it is important to synchronize image capture by thecamera 140 with detection of speed by thedetector 130. Typically,laser speed detectors 130 operate on a measurement cycle as measured from the start of individual laser shots or transmissions to the calculation of the speed and distance. A typical laser speed gun or device may have a measurement cycle of about 300 milliseconds to 400 milliseconds (with some devices having shorter and some longer cycles). The speed and distance data are transmitted to theprocessor 110 at the end of this measurement cycle. Hence, the time from the start of the measurement process to the export of the data is at least about 300 milliseconds and typically less than about 400 milliseconds. - To achieve synchronization, the
digital camera 140 is preferably programmed such that the image is not taken for a time period greater than the shortest portion of the detector measurement cycle (i.e., about 300 milliseconds for the above illustrative examples). Also, a maximum latency time (i.e., time between triggering signal received atcamera 140 and taking picture) is selected such that thedetector 130 would most likely not have been aimed at a new target or automatically tracked on a new target vehicle. In one embodiment, a maximum latency time of 200 milliseconds is utilized, but it is understood by the inventors that smaller and larger latency times may be selected to provide acceptable synchronization of thecamera 140 anddetector 130. In this embodiment, an image capture window is established that begins at about 300 milliseconds before the end of the measurement by thedetector 130 and that ends at about 200 milliseconds after the trigger signal to thecamera 140. - With this image capture window established, the
camera 140 is preferably programmed in combination with operation of the system coordinator 118 (which transmits the camera trigger signal) such that the camera timing cycle coincides with the image capture window to place an image frame containing thevehicle 134 for which speed was measured within the memory of thecamera 140. The camera timing cycle in one embodiment is approximately 200 milliseconds with the image frame being placed in memory as early as 100 milliseconds prior to the end of speed measurement by thedetector 130 and as late as 100 milliseconds after the end of speed measurement. - This timing cycle is obtained by the
systems coordinator 118 adding a time delay, such as 100 milliseconds, from the time thedetector 130 completes and transmits the speed measurement to theprocessor 110. Another phase of the timing cycle is established by thecamera 140 which updates a compressed image into alternating buffers periodically, such as every 200 milliseconds. If the camera trigger signal is received just before the next update, the image would be 200 milliseconds old (or 100 milliseconds prior to the end of the speed measurement). Conversely, if the camera trigger signal is received as soon as the buffer is updated, the image is frozen immediately (or 100 milliseconds after the end of the speed measurement) of course, those skilled in the art will understand that the camera timing cycle, the image capture window, the timing of the camera trigger signal, and the speed measurement cycles will vary with particular components chosen for thesystem 100 and with the programming and operating setting of each component. These variations are acceptable in practicing the invention as long as the image capture and speed determination events can be adequately synchronized such that the same vehicle is captured in an image file and is targeted for speed determination. - As discussed with reference to FIG. 1, a significant feature of image capture is the combination of the image file from the
camera 140 with the speed and distance data from thedetector 130 and other system and/or capture session parameters. Typically, the data combination is completed at theprocessor 110 by thesystem coordinator 118 which functions to write or insert the speed and distance information into the header of the image file (e.g., JPEG-formatted file). Thesystem coordinator 118 also writes select portions of the system parameters (such as time and date) and capture session parameters (such as location, speed limit, and operator ID) into the digital image file header. Generally, after the digital image file header is modified or the information is otherwise appended to the digital image file, the modified digital image file is displayed on thedisplay 112 of theprocessor 110 for viewing by the operator. - In one preferred embodiment, the operator at626 can operate the
processor 110 to zoom in or enlarge select portions of the displayed image file. For example, the operator may select the license plate portion or the driver's side of the windshield to enlarge one of these portions of the displayed image. Various image enhancing tools may also be provided in theprocessor 110, and if included, the operator can enhance the image by altering the displayed contrast, brightness, and other characteristics useful to make a clearer and sharper image. - In some applications, the
system 100 is allowed to operate for a period of time automatically capturing images of vehicles (all or only those above the capture limit) and combining speed and distance image and select system parameters with the digital image files. These captured and modified digital image files are then stored inmemory 120 for later viewing and processing. This later viewing and processing can occur in the field via theprocessor 110 and/or theoptional field printer 150. Alternatively, at 638, the images stored in the memory 120 (i.e., capture session data) are downloaded from theprocessor 110 to abase station 160. The downloading may be completed remotely over acommunications network 156 or directly by interconnecting theprocessor 110 to a computer system within thebase station 160 or by removing thememory 120 for use in thebase station 160. At thebase station 160, the combined image files can be sorted by determined speeds, by differentials between determined speeds and speed limits, by location, or by other information appended to the image file (e.g., inserted in the image file header). The images may also be processed to enhance picture quality and to enlarge select portions of the image. The electronic or hard copies of the processed images may then be used as part of a citation or ticket transmitted to the vehicle owner or operator. - Alternatively, according to a significant feature of the
system 100, theportable field processor 110 may be used by an operator to provide proof in the field that a vehicle was violating a posted speed limit. At 630, the operator may interrupt an active capture session. For example, an operator may observe the displayed image on thedisplay 112 of theprocessor 110 and when a speeder is displayed (above capture limit or by visual identification by the operator), the operator may stop the capture session to pull over the vehicle and issue a ticket. Alternatively, thesystem coordinator 118 may be adapted to provide an audio and/or visual alarm when a vehicle is detected to be driving at or above the capture limit and its image is captured. At this point, the operator detaches or unplugs theprocessor 110 from thehousing 310 and carries theprocessor 110 to the stopped vehicle. The operator can display the captured image with combined data to the vehicle operator on thedisplay 112. - Alternatively, at630, the captured speed data and digital image may be transmitted to a receiver operated by a remotely positioned field operator (law enforcement officer). The field operator can then process the information with their equipment, such as another
portable field processor 110, and stop an approaching vehicle shown in the captured image. The field operator can then display the image to the operator of thevehicle 134 as described above. - The operator of the
system 110 may process the captured image to enlarge the license plate or the driver's face and to enhance the clarity of the displayed image. When the operator has completed using theprocessor 110 to prove a vehicle's speed to a driver, the operator docks theprocessor 110, located in thehousing 310, to its bracket. At 634, a new capture session may be begun (returning to step 610) or the previous capture session can be resumed without having to reenter capture session parameters. After the session is completed, the capture session data can be downloaded to the base station at 638 for further processing. - In one embodiment, a data security process is performed by the
system coordinator 118 prior to writing the combined data image file tomemory 120 to ensure that the image and/or speed data is not altered between the time it is collected and the time it is used in a citation or as evidence. A number of security processes may be utilized to indicate whether a data file has been altered. For example, thesystem coordinator 118 may perform a check sum on the data with a seed number in the header of the combined speed data and digital image file, encrypt the check sum, and append the encryption into the header of the file. Then when a saved image file is opened, it is first verified as not being altered by removing the encrypted check sum and replacing the check sum with a seed number. The same type of check sum is run on the file and the new check sum is encrypted. The two encrypted check sums are then compared to determine if alteration has occurred. Of course, numerous other security processes may be utilized to reduce the risk of data modification but the exemplary method has proven effective and is detailed enough to detect an alteration as small as inverting speed digits (e.g., changing 75 mph to 57 mph). Note, in some embodiments, security is further enhanced by verifying with theprocessor 110 the check sum output directly by thelaser speed detector 130 with an expected check sum value. - Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the combination and arrangement of parts can be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as hereinafter claimed. For example, the
system 100 can readily be used in daylight and at night with the addition of infrared and other flash devices or flood lighting. - Further, in one preferred embodiment, the
portable field processor 110 is configured such thememory 120 or a separate memory (not shown) is readily removable. For example, it may be desirable that field officers or operators have theirown processor 110 and simply exchange data at the end of shifts or the operators may simply have their own removable media and share thesame processor 110. This can be achieved with removable storage media, such as compact disks, floppy disks, flash cards, portable USB storage devices, and the like. Thememory 120 or other memory to support this removable media may be a separate data storage device linked (such as with USB port) to theprocessor 110. This configuration allows ready removal of data storage media and also facilitates field restoration of the application (system coordinator 118) if lost during field use (i.e., the application may be downloaded in the field by an operator).
Claims (29)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/812,228 US6681195B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-19 | Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display |
PCT/US2001/008979 WO2001071647A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-20 | Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display |
AU2001249303A AU2001249303A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-20 | Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display |
US10/715,617 US6985827B2 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2003-11-18 | Speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture and processing for use in stop sign enforcement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19117100P | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | |
US09/812,228 US6681195B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-19 | Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/715,617 Continuation-In-Part US6985827B2 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2003-11-18 | Speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture and processing for use in stop sign enforcement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6681195B1 US6681195B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
US20040015289A1 true US20040015289A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
Family
ID=26886821
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/812,228 Expired - Lifetime US6681195B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-03-19 | Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display |
US10/715,617 Expired - Lifetime US6985827B2 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2003-11-18 | Speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture and processing for use in stop sign enforcement |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/715,617 Expired - Lifetime US6985827B2 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2003-11-18 | Speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture and processing for use in stop sign enforcement |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6681195B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001249303A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001071647A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050110977A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-05-26 | Labelle John | Rangefinder and method for collecting calibration data |
US20050110976A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-05-26 | Labelle John | Rangefinder with reduced noise receiver |
US20050190415A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2005-09-01 | Yutaka Ueda | Image display program and information recording medium for storing the image display program |
WO2005091243A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-29 | Gebert Ruediger Heinz | Method and system for verifying a traffic violation image |
US20090046897A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2009-02-19 | Redflex Traffic Systems Pty Ltd | Vehicle speed assessment system and method |
US20100289896A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Shenzhen Infinova Limited | High Definition Speed Dome Camera with Internal Wireless Video Transmission |
US20110149269A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | Tom Van Esch | Method and device for measuring the speed of a movable member relative a fixed member |
US20130229518A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-05 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Systems and methods that employ object recognition |
US11317497B2 (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2022-04-26 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Photocontroller and/or lamp with photocontrols to control operation of lamp |
US11388338B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-07-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Video processing for vehicle ride |
US11396299B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-07-26 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Video processing for vehicle ride incorporating biometric data |
US11670147B2 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2023-06-06 | Iomniscient Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for conducting surveillance |
Families Citing this family (203)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6944769B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2005-09-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus and a method for security authorization using a security key installed on removable media |
JP4095243B2 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2008-06-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | A storage medium storing a URL acquisition and processing system and method and a program for executing the method. |
GB2377538B (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2004-12-29 | Citysync Ltd | An automatic number plate recognition system |
BR0102542B1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2009-01-13 | method and system for capturing and storing a sequence of images associated with one or more traffic violations. | |
GB0112454D0 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2001-07-11 | Astrium Ltd | A module |
AUPR631801A0 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2001-08-02 | Luscombe, Andrew | Roadside sensor system |
US7119832B2 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2006-10-10 | L-3 Communications Mobile-Vision, Inc. | Wireless microphone for use with an in-car video system |
US7183945B2 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2007-02-27 | Spx Corporation | Method and system for video capture of vehicle information |
US20030105558A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-05 | Steele Robert C. | Multimedia racing experience system and corresponding experience based displays |
US7265663B2 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2007-09-04 | Trivinci Systems, Llc | Multimedia racing experience system |
US20030151663A1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-08-14 | Mobile-Vision, Inc. | Video storage and delay device for use with an in-car video system |
US9092841B2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2015-07-28 | Cognex Technology And Investment Llc | Method and apparatus for visual detection and inspection of objects |
AUPS047502A0 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2002-03-07 | Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. | Methods and systems (ap66) |
US7123747B2 (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2006-10-17 | Trw Inc. | Enhancement of vehicle interior digital images |
AU2003258898A1 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-25 | Surveylab Group Limited | Mobile instrument, viewing device, and methods of processing and storing information |
US7561183B1 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2009-07-14 | Unisys Corporation | Mobile issuance of official documents with biometric information encoded thereon |
NL1022036C2 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-06-03 | Mobile Observation Systems B V | Device for registering visual information, assembly of a grandstand and similar device, stadium, and method for monitoring visual supervision of persons in a stadium. |
JP2004288100A (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-14 | Minolta Co Ltd | Imaging device and mobile camera |
GB0314422D0 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2003-07-23 | Qinetiq Ltd | Image processing system |
EP1513122A1 (en) * | 2003-09-06 | 2005-03-09 | GDRC Limited | Signalling device |
US8350907B1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2013-01-08 | L-3 Communications Mobile-Vision, Inc. | Method of storing digital video captured by an in-car video system |
WO2005036494A2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-21 | E-Views Safety Systems, Inc. | Detection and enforcement of failure-to-yield in an emergency vehicle preemption system |
US20050088521A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-28 | Mobile-Vision Inc. | In-car video system using flash memory as a recording medium |
US7023333B2 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2006-04-04 | L-3 Communications Mobile Vision, Inc. | Automatic activation of an in-car video recorder using a vehicle speed sensor signal |
US10964209B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2021-03-30 | Mark W. Publicover | Method and system for traffic and parking management |
US7663505B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2010-02-16 | Publicover Mark W | Traffic management device and system |
FR2865306B1 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2006-03-24 | Sanef | MOBILE SYSTEM FOR PREVENTING RESPECT FOR SPEED. |
US9148585B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2015-09-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for cooperative recording |
DE102004015496A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Thyssenkrupp Transrapid Gmbh | Device for generating safe condition signals from a vehicle movable along a predetermined travel path |
WO2005111946A2 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2005-11-24 | Rentatoll, Inc. | Toll fee system and method |
US8127247B2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2012-02-28 | Cognex Corporation | Human-machine-interface and method for manipulating data in a machine vision system |
US20050276445A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-15 | Silver William M | Method and apparatus for automatic visual detection, recording, and retrieval of events |
US8891852B2 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2014-11-18 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Method and apparatus for configuring and testing a machine vision detector |
US8243986B2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2012-08-14 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatic visual event detection |
FR2873480B1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2008-05-30 | Sagem | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING VEHICLES IN TRAVEL |
US20060055521A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-16 | Mobile-Vision Inc. | Automatic activation of an in-car video recorder using a GPS speed signal |
US7720315B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2010-05-18 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | System and method for displaying and using non-numeric graphic elements to control and monitor a vision system |
US9292187B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2016-03-22 | Cognex Corporation | System, method and graphical user interface for displaying and controlling vision system operating parameters |
US7636449B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2009-12-22 | Cognex Technology And Investment Corporation | System and method for assigning analysis parameters to vision detector using a graphical interface |
BE1016332A5 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-08-01 | Michel Niezen | Authorized speed exceeding vehicle detecting and identifying method involves controlling irremediable erasure of vehicle position information, information of exposure of violation vehicle and violation data based on pre-programmed commands |
WO2006064172A1 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-22 | Roger Hal Kennedy | Integrated traffic management system |
WO2006094318A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-08 | Gebert Ruediger Heinz | System and method for speed measurement verification |
WO2007030446A2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-15 | Rent-A-Toll, Ltd. | System, method and computer readable medium for billing tolls |
US8520069B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2013-08-27 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Vehicle-mounted video system with distributed processing |
AU2006299815B2 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2011-10-13 | Ats Tolling Llc | System, method, and computer readable medium for billing based on a duration of a service period |
CA2874887A1 (en) | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-19 | Rent A Toll, Ltd. | Billing a rented third party transport including an on-board unit |
US8768754B2 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2014-07-01 | Rent-A-Toll, Ltd. | Billing a rented third party transport including an on-board unit |
US7870614B1 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2011-01-11 | Aspect Loss Prevention, LLC | Sensitive data aliasing |
US8446467B2 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2013-05-21 | Scott K. Tilton | Combined speed detection, video and timing apparatus |
US7859392B2 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2010-12-28 | Iwi, Inc. | System and method for monitoring and updating speed-by-street data |
CN100421456C (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2008-09-24 | 李佳欣 | All-weather two camera shooting laser speed measuring testification apparatus |
US20070282519A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | Ossama Emam | System and method for analyzing traffic disturbances reported by vehicles |
US7812711B2 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2010-10-12 | Alertstar Safety Corporation Usa | Passenger vehicle safety and monitoring system and method |
US7646312B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2010-01-12 | Michael Rosen | Method and system for automated detection of mobile telephone usage by drivers of vehicles |
US8384555B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2013-02-26 | Michael Rosen | Method and system for automated detection of mobile phone usage |
US8131205B2 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2012-03-06 | Michael Rosen | Mobile phone detection and interruption system and method |
US8417442B2 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2013-04-09 | Intuitive Control Systems, Llc | Collection, monitoring, analyzing and reporting of traffic data via vehicle sensor devices placed at multiple remote locations |
EP1916642A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-30 | Dambach-Werke GmbH | Traffic detecting device |
US10298834B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2019-05-21 | Google Llc | Video refocusing |
US20130113981A1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2013-05-09 | Lytro, Inc. | Light field camera image, file and configuration data, and methods of using, storing and communicating same |
JP4773933B2 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2011-09-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Axle weight violation vehicle detection system |
US7633382B2 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-12-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stop-arm mounted camera system and method for mounting same |
US7701363B1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2010-04-20 | Milan Zlojutro | Vehicle tracking and monitoring system |
US7869621B1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2011-01-11 | Aydin Arpa | Method and apparatus for interpreting images in temporal or spatial domains |
US20080306868A1 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Rent-A-Toll, Ltd. | Unlimited toll utilization |
US8718319B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2014-05-06 | Cognex Corporation | Method and system for optoelectronic detection and location of objects |
US8237099B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2012-08-07 | Cognex Corporation | Method and system for optoelectronic detection and location of objects |
US8077981B2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2011-12-13 | Sportvision, Inc. | Providing virtual inserts using image tracking with camera and position sensors |
US10070294B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2018-09-04 | West Corporation | Processing and reporting situational information to emergency service providers |
BRPI0817990B1 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2019-04-16 | Laser Technology, Inc. | UNIT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTEGRATING IMAGE AND SPEED DETERMINATION DATA. |
DE102007059346B4 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for detecting a speeding violation of a vehicle |
CN101458078A (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-17 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Automobile anti-collision system and method |
KR100950465B1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-03-31 | 손승남 | Camera control method for vehicle enrance control system |
TW200948081A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-16 | Flexmedia Electronics Corp | Method and apparatus for processing trip informations and dynamic data streams, and controller thereof |
US8984083B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2015-03-17 | Keysight Technologies, Inc. | System and method to integrate measurement information within an electronic laboratory notebook environment |
US8174406B2 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2012-05-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Detecting and sharing road traffic condition information |
US20110273311A1 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2011-11-10 | Quintos Iii Mel Francis P | Photographic multiple vehicular traffic ticket issuance and monitoring system |
US8031084B2 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2011-10-04 | Ariel Inventions, Llc | Method and system for infraction detection based on vehicle traffic flow data |
US8009062B2 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2011-08-30 | Rothschild Leigh M | Vehicle traffic flow data acquisition and distribution |
US8363899B2 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2013-01-29 | Rent A Toll, Ltd. | Method and system for processing vehicular violations |
US8503972B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2013-08-06 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Multi-functional remote monitoring system |
KR101781399B1 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2017-09-25 | 익스프레스 이미징 시스템즈, 엘엘씨 | Electronic control to regulate power for solid-state lighting and methods thereof |
US20100196259A1 (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | CO2-Sorptive Pellets and Uses Thereof |
US8311343B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2012-11-13 | Laser Technology, Inc. | Vehicle classification by image processing with laser range finder |
DE102009013667A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Jenoptik Robot Gmbh | A method of producing a known fixed spatial relationship between a laser scanner and a digital camera for traffic surveillance |
US20100271497A1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-10-28 | Monsive Jr Michael G | Portable traffic monitoring system and methods for use |
US20100278379A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | Lmr Inventions, Llc | Location based image acquisition |
WO2010135575A2 (en) | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Long-range motion detection for illumination control |
US20100303301A1 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-02 | Gregory Micheal Lamoureux | Inter-Frame Motion Detection |
FR2948478B1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-07-22 | Viametris | METHOD FOR RECORDING INFORMATION RELATING TO VERTICAL SIGNALING PANELS, ASSOCIATED DEVICE AND APPLICATION |
CA2796110C (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2016-11-22 | Obschestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostiyu "Korporazija "Stroy Invest Proekt M" | Method of determining speed and coordinates of vehicles with subsequent identification thereof and automatic recording of traffic offences and device for realising said method |
TW201133412A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-01 | Cct Co Ltd | Method of using radar vehicle detector to determine vehicle type, speed, and radar detection zone width |
TWI430212B (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2014-03-11 | Gorilla Technology Inc | Abnormal behavior detection system and method using automatic classification of multiple features |
WO2012001433A1 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | Marko Borosak | Laser obstacle avoidance device incorporating led illuminator |
ES2391750B1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-10-07 | Eyp Scap S.A. | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING VEHICLE SPEED FROM THE IMAGE RECEIPT OF THE PASSAGE OF A VEHICLE |
US8386156B2 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2013-02-26 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | System and method for lane-specific vehicle detection and control |
JP5212437B2 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2013-06-19 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | Image data transmitting apparatus, image data receiving apparatus, image data transmission system, image data transmitting method, and image data receiving method |
DE102010043136B4 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2018-10-31 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Measuring device and method for a non-contact measurement of distances at a target object |
US8901825B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2014-12-02 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Apparatus and method of energy efficient illumination using received signals |
US9019380B2 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2015-04-28 | United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. | Detection of traffic violations |
DE102011053284B8 (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-09-06 | Jenoptik Robot Gmbh | Method for verifying the speed of an adequate vehicle by means of a camera |
US9360198B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2016-06-07 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Adjustable output solid-state lighting device |
US8760318B2 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-06-24 | Optotraffic, Llc | Method for traffic monitoring and secure processing of traffic violations |
US9651499B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2017-05-16 | Cognex Corporation | Configurable image trigger for a vision system and method for using the same |
US9024783B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2015-05-05 | Camilo Alfaro | Auto ticket systems for alerting law enforcement personnel that a motorist is exceeding the speed limit |
US9083856B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2015-07-14 | Xerox Corporation | Vehicle speed measurement method and system utilizing a single image capturing unit |
US9210751B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 | 2015-12-08 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Solid state lighting, drive circuit and method of driving same |
US9204523B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2015-12-01 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Remotely adjustable solid-state lamp |
US8718906B2 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2014-05-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for analyzing traffic flow at an intersection |
WO2013179320A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Helian S.P.A. | Detection procedure for breaches and violations of rules, laws, regulations in force and the like and related vehicle-mounted detection kit |
US9858649B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-01-02 | Lytro, Inc. | Depth-based image blurring |
US9131552B2 (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2015-09-08 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Apparatus and method of operating a luminaire |
US8896215B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2014-11-25 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Apparatus and method for schedule based operation of a luminaire |
US9019431B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2015-04-28 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Portable video and imaging system |
US10272848B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2019-04-30 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Mobile video and imaging system |
JP6089576B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2017-03-08 | 日本電気株式会社 | Vehicle window detection system, vehicle window detection method and program |
US9301365B2 (en) | 2012-11-07 | 2016-03-29 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Luminaire with switch-mode converter power monitoring |
CN103106798A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-05-15 | 黑龙江省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 | Image recognition triggering traffic speed measuring photograph system |
US9288873B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2016-03-15 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for using a high current switching device as a logic level sensor |
US9958228B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2018-05-01 | Yardarm Technologies, Inc. | Telematics sensors and camera activation in connection with firearm activity |
US10764542B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2020-09-01 | Yardarm Technologies, Inc. | Camera activation in response to firearm activity |
US9164511B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2015-10-20 | Google Inc. | Use of detected objects for image processing |
KR101496544B1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-02-26 | 주식회사 만도 | Speeding enforcement method of vehicle using wireless communications |
US10334151B2 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2019-06-25 | Google Llc | Phase detection autofocus using subaperture images |
DE102013207374A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device and method for recognizing labels on vehicle tires |
KR20140147257A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-30 | 주식회사 만도 | Radio communication apparatus for vehicle and radio communication method between driving cars using the same |
JP6161429B2 (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2017-07-12 | 東京航空計器株式会社 | Vehicle speed measuring device |
US9466443B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2016-10-11 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Photocontrol for luminaire consumes very low power |
US10390732B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2019-08-27 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Breath analyzer, system, and computer program for authenticating, preserving, and presenting breath analysis data |
US9253452B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2016-02-02 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Computer program, method, and system for managing multiple data recording devices |
US9159371B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2015-10-13 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Forensic video recording with presence detection |
US10075681B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2018-09-11 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Dual lens camera unit |
US9414449B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2016-08-09 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | High efficiency power controller for luminaire |
US9185777B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2015-11-10 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Ambient light control in solid state lamps and luminaires |
FR3018940B1 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2018-03-09 | Survision | AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
US10409621B2 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2019-09-10 | Taser International, Inc. | Systems and methods for distributed control |
FR3027407B1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-11-04 | Morpho | ROAD CONTROL UNIT |
US9462662B1 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-10-04 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Low power photocontrol for luminaire |
US10546424B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2020-01-28 | Google Llc | Layered content delivery for virtual and augmented reality experiences |
US10567464B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2020-02-18 | Google Llc | Video compression with adaptive view-dependent lighting removal |
US10412373B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2019-09-10 | Google Llc | Image capture for virtual reality displays |
US10419737B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2019-09-17 | Google Llc | Data structures and delivery methods for expediting virtual reality playback |
US10444931B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2019-10-15 | Google Llc | Vantage generation and interactive playback |
US11328446B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2022-05-10 | Google Llc | Combining light-field data with active depth data for depth map generation |
US10469873B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2019-11-05 | Google Llc | Encoding and decoding virtual reality video |
US10440407B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2019-10-08 | Google Llc | Adaptive control for immersive experience delivery |
US10565734B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2020-02-18 | Google Llc | Video capture, processing, calibration, computational fiber artifact removal, and light-field pipeline |
US10341632B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2019-07-02 | Google Llc. | Spatial random access enabled video system with a three-dimensional viewing volume |
US10275898B1 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2019-04-30 | Google Llc | Wedge-based light-field video capture |
US10540818B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2020-01-21 | Google Llc | Stereo image generation and interactive playback |
JP6187534B2 (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-08-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle regulation speed display device |
CN104851301B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-01-25 | 重庆交通大学 | Vehicle parameter identification method based on deceleration strip sound analysis |
US9479903B2 (en) * | 2015-05-23 | 2016-10-25 | Suliman ALBASHEIR | Methods and systems for monitoring moving UE/vehicle speed in wireless networks |
JP6319187B2 (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2018-05-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle speed limit system |
US10154196B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2018-12-11 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Adjusting length of living images |
US9841259B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2017-12-12 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Wirelessly conducted electronic weapon |
US10013883B2 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2018-07-03 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Tracking and analysis of drivers within a fleet of vehicles |
US10192277B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-01-29 | Axon Enterprise, Inc. | Systems and methods for generating an audit trail for auditable devices |
US9979909B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2018-05-22 | Lytro, Inc. | Automatic lens flare detection and correction for light-field images |
US9538612B1 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-01-03 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Low power photocontrol for luminaire |
US10460600B2 (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2019-10-29 | NetraDyne, Inc. | Driver behavior monitoring |
US10904474B2 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2021-01-26 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Comprehensive video collection and storage |
US9924582B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2018-03-20 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Luminaire dimming module uses 3 contact NEMA photocontrol socket |
JP6642280B2 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2020-02-05 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Image display system |
US10275892B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2019-04-30 | Google Llc | Multi-view scene segmentation and propagation |
EP3491358A4 (en) | 2016-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Netradyne, Inc. | Determining causation of traffic events and encouraging good driving behavior |
US10521675B2 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2019-12-31 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Systems and methods of legibly capturing vehicle markings |
US10230296B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2019-03-12 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Output ripple reduction for power converters |
US9985429B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-05-29 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Inrush current limiter circuit |
US10891496B2 (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2021-01-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Information presentation method |
US10580294B2 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2020-03-03 | Jacques Bedard | Photographic system for use on school buses |
US10679361B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2020-06-09 | Google Llc | Multi-view rotoscope contour propagation |
US10911725B2 (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2021-02-02 | Digital Ally, Inc. | System for automatically triggering a recording |
US11375599B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2022-06-28 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Systems and methods for outdoor luminaire wireless control |
US10904992B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2021-01-26 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Systems and methods for outdoor luminaire wireless control |
US10594945B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2020-03-17 | Google Llc | Generating dolly zoom effect using light field image data |
US10474227B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2019-11-12 | Google Llc | Generation of virtual reality with 6 degrees of freedom from limited viewer data |
US10354399B2 (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2019-07-16 | Google Llc | Multi-view back-projection to a light-field |
US10545215B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2020-01-28 | Google Llc | 4D camera tracking and optical stabilization |
WO2019068042A1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Netradyne Inc. | Multiple exposure event determination |
EP3695666B1 (en) | 2017-10-12 | 2023-11-29 | Netradyne, Inc. | Detection of driving actions that mitigate risk |
CN108010322A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-05-08 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Whether a kind of detection object rushes the method and apparatus of traffic lights |
US10965862B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2021-03-30 | Google Llc | Multi-camera navigation interface |
US10403142B1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-09-03 | Greg Douglas Shuff | Adaptive stop sign and intersection traffic control system |
US11024137B2 (en) | 2018-08-08 | 2021-06-01 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Remote video triggering and tagging |
AU2019383973A1 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-06-03 | Kama-Tech (Hk) Limited | Handheld laser -based vehicle speed measurement device incorporating an automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) function |
WO2020133453A1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 驭势科技(北京)有限公司 | Method and device for controlling traffic lights |
US20200240095A1 (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-07-30 | Vincenzo Rizzo | Integrated arrow board and light tower |
US11657694B2 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2023-05-23 | Stoneridge Electronics Ab | Mobile device usage monitoring for commercial vehicle fleet management |
US20200327345A1 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-15 | Stoneridge Electronics, AB | Mobile device usage monitoring for commercial vehicle fleet management |
US11234304B2 (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2022-01-25 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Photocontroller to control operation of a luminaire having a dimming line |
JP7368822B2 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-10-25 | i-PRO株式会社 | Camera parameter setting system and camera parameter setting method |
US11210946B2 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-12-28 | Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. | Content sharing between vehicles based on a peer-to-peer connection |
JP6936288B2 (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-09-15 | パナソニックi−PROセンシングソリューションズ株式会社 | Camera installation support system, camera installation support method and camera installation support program |
KR20210045106A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-26 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Vehicle and controlling method thereof |
US11212887B2 (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2021-12-28 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Light having selectively adjustable sets of solid state light sources, circuit and method of operation thereof, to provide variable output characteristics |
US20220332243A1 (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-20 | Karen DeVona McGirt | School Bus Stop Arm with Integrated Camera System |
US11900801B2 (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-02-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Generating a speeding ticket using a persistently stored character code in a camera for masking information about characters of a number plate of a vehicle |
US11950017B2 (en) | 2022-05-17 | 2024-04-02 | Digital Ally, Inc. | Redundant mobile video recording |
US20240005786A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | Kodiak Robotics, Inc. | System and method for identifying a vehicle subject to an emergency alert and dispatching of signals |
US20240098364A1 (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods and systems for automated frame synchronization after initial video feed |
US11735042B1 (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-08-22 | Pathfins C. Okezie | Traffic watch, monitor, and accident prevention device |
US11869357B1 (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-01-09 | Pathfins C. Okezie | Method and apparatus for expanded traffic watch |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2132515C (en) | 1992-03-20 | 2006-01-31 | Glen William Auty | An object monitoring system |
US5793491A (en) | 1992-12-30 | 1998-08-11 | Schwartz Electro-Optics, Inc. | Intelligent vehicle highway system multi-lane sensor and method |
JP3569926B2 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 2004-09-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicle travel control device |
US5801943A (en) | 1993-07-23 | 1998-09-01 | Condition Monitoring Systems | Traffic surveillance and simulation apparatus |
US5983161A (en) | 1993-08-11 | 1999-11-09 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | GPS vehicle collision avoidance warning and control system and method |
US5515042A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1996-05-07 | Nelson; Lorry | Traffic enforcement device |
US5381155A (en) | 1993-12-08 | 1995-01-10 | Gerber; Eliot S. | Vehicle speeding detection and identification |
US5583765A (en) | 1994-08-23 | 1996-12-10 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Remote system for monitoring the weight and emission compliance of trucks and other vehicles |
US5546119A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1996-08-13 | Bestler; Caitlin B. | Transmission modulator for cable television upstream data transmission |
DE69535394T2 (en) | 1994-12-28 | 2007-10-31 | Omron Corp. | Traffic Information System |
US5717390A (en) | 1995-03-20 | 1998-02-10 | Hasselbring; Richard E. | Doppler-radar based automatic vehicle-classification system |
US5742699A (en) | 1995-08-31 | 1998-04-21 | Adkins; William A. | Passive velocity measuring device |
AU7604796A (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1997-05-22 | Carl Kupersmit | Vehicle speed monitoring system |
US5938717A (en) | 1996-03-04 | 1999-08-17 | Laser Technology, Inc. | Speed detection and image capture system for moving vehicles |
US5852492A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1998-12-22 | Lockheed Martin Vought Systems Corp. | Fused lasar range/intensity image display for a human interpretation of lasar data |
US5948038A (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1999-09-07 | American Traffic Systems, Inc. | Traffic violation processing system |
US5831155A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1998-11-03 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for simulating rocket-to-ramjet transition in a propulsion system |
US6041310A (en) | 1996-12-12 | 2000-03-21 | Green Ford, Inc. | Method and system for automobile transactions |
US5708425A (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1998-01-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Real time messaging interface for vehicle detection sensors |
US6546119B2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2003-04-08 | Redflex Traffic Systems | Automated traffic violation monitoring and reporting system |
US6100819A (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2000-08-08 | Mark White | Vehicular traffic signalization method and apparatus for automatically documenting traffic light violations and protecting non-violating drivers |
-
2001
- 2001-03-19 US US09/812,228 patent/US6681195B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-20 AU AU2001249303A patent/AU2001249303A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-20 WO PCT/US2001/008979 patent/WO2001071647A1/en active Application Filing
-
2003
- 2003-11-18 US US10/715,617 patent/US6985827B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050190415A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2005-09-01 | Yutaka Ueda | Image display program and information recording medium for storing the image display program |
US20050110976A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-05-26 | Labelle John | Rangefinder with reduced noise receiver |
US7053992B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2006-05-30 | Meade Instruments Corporation | Rangefinder and method for collecting calibration data |
US20060215149A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2006-09-28 | Labelle John | Rangefinder and method for collecting calibration data |
US7414707B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2008-08-19 | Meade Instruments Corporation | Rangefinder and method for collecting calibration data |
US7508497B2 (en) | 2003-11-26 | 2009-03-24 | Meade Instruments Corporation | Rangefinder with reduced noise receiver |
US20050110977A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-05-26 | Labelle John | Rangefinder and method for collecting calibration data |
WO2005091243A1 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-29 | Gebert Ruediger Heinz | Method and system for verifying a traffic violation image |
US8712105B2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2014-04-29 | Redflex Traffic Systems Pty, Ltd. | Vehicle speed verification system and method |
US20090046897A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2009-02-19 | Redflex Traffic Systems Pty Ltd | Vehicle speed assessment system and method |
US20100289896A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Shenzhen Infinova Limited | High Definition Speed Dome Camera with Internal Wireless Video Transmission |
US20110149269A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | Tom Van Esch | Method and device for measuring the speed of a movable member relative a fixed member |
WO2011084136A3 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-09-29 | Tom Van Esch | Method and device for measuring the speed of a movable member relative a fixed member |
WO2011084136A2 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-07-14 | Tom Van Esch | Method and device for measuring the speed of a movable member relative a fixed member |
US20130229518A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-05 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Systems and methods that employ object recognition |
US9497393B2 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2016-11-15 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Systems and methods that employ object recognition |
US11670147B2 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2023-06-06 | Iomniscient Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for conducting surveillance |
US11317497B2 (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2022-04-26 | Express Imaging Systems, Llc | Photocontroller and/or lamp with photocontrols to control operation of lamp |
US11388338B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-07-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Video processing for vehicle ride |
US11396299B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-07-26 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Video processing for vehicle ride incorporating biometric data |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6681195B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
US6985827B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
WO2001071647A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
AU2001249303A1 (en) | 2001-10-03 |
US20040101166A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6681195B1 (en) | Compact speed measurement system with onsite digital image capture, processing, and portable display | |
US20060176369A1 (en) | Portable, self-contained video recording and display system and method | |
RU180536U1 (en) | AUTOMATED VIDEO RECORDING COMPLEX FOR PATROL-POST CARS | |
KR101685900B1 (en) | Monitoring system for Intersection detection accident | |
US6909963B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for adding commercial value to traffic control systems | |
AU2021100546A4 (en) | Infringement detection method, device and system | |
CN108986468A (en) | Processing method, device, computer equipment and the computer storage medium of traffic accident | |
JP2006190198A (en) | Portable vehicle number recognizing device and vehicle number recognizing method using the same | |
US20210358066A1 (en) | Intelligent Traffic Violation Detection System | |
US20040095258A1 (en) | Detecting the presence of a vehicle with a particular vehicle registration number | |
KR20200087665A (en) | Waste discharge management system | |
RU161004U1 (en) | MULTI-PURPOSE SYSTEM FOR FIXING VIOLATIONS WITH PARTICIPATION OF VEHICLES | |
CN105070065A (en) | Mobile intelligent traffic gate system and method adopting same to monitor vehicles | |
CN109637147A (en) | Vehicle electronics, the server, method collected evidence | |
CN111241918B (en) | Vehicle tracking prevention method and system based on face recognition | |
US20030034889A1 (en) | Host system and method for sensed vehicle data | |
CN207319461U (en) | Support to realize that road vehicle is broken rules and regulations the constructional device of monitoring function | |
CN113010544B (en) | AR augmented reality-based charging auditing method and system | |
CN109903416A (en) | Pinpoint patrolling management system and method | |
CN209248764U (en) | Radar velocity measurement capturing system | |
CN111583669B (en) | Overspeed detection method, overspeed detection device, control equipment and storage medium | |
RU133339U1 (en) | SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC FIXING OF VIOLATIONS OF THE RULES OF PARKING AND PARKING OF VEHICLES | |
US20180164435A1 (en) | Dual lense lidar and video recording assembly | |
AU2023100087B4 (en) | Infringement detection method, device and system | |
KR200356464Y1 (en) | The Units to an injurer or to make an authentication a fault of traffic accidents in crossroads |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC., COLORADO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:POLAND, RICHARD J.;MILLER, ERIC A.;DUNNE, JEREMY G.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012138/0252;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010820 TO 20010904 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KAMA-TECH CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014975/0647 Effective date: 20040116 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KAMA-TECH (HK) LIMITED, CHINA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014420/0120 Effective date: 20040310 Owner name: LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC., COLORADO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014420/0120 Effective date: 20040310 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KAMA-TECH (HK) LIMITED, CHINA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LASER TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014449/0518 Effective date: 20040310 |
|
CC | Certificate of correction | ||
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
SULP | Surcharge for late payment | ||
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |