US20040039310A1 - Wire joint and method - Google Patents
Wire joint and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040039310A1 US20040039310A1 US10/650,603 US65060303A US2004039310A1 US 20040039310 A1 US20040039310 A1 US 20040039310A1 US 65060303 A US65060303 A US 65060303A US 2004039310 A1 US2004039310 A1 US 2004039310A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- female end
- extremity
- elongated
- male end
- core portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09058—Basic structures of guide wires
- A61M2025/09083—Basic structures of guide wires having a coil around a core
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09108—Methods for making a guide wire
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
- Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
- Y10T29/49208—Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts
Definitions
- Metallic wires are widely used in medical procedures, a common example being the guidewires used to locate intravascular devices such as angioplasty catheters. For various reasons, it is often desirable to join two discrete wire elements. For example, using different metal alloys can impart distinct handling characteristics to each wire element. By varying properties such as elasticity, strength and torqueability in each wire element, the overall handling of the guidewire can be varied or improved.
- the invention is directed to a process for forming a small diameter elongated device for use in a medical procedure, such as a guidewire, by joining a first elongated member to a second elongated member by forming a male end at an extremity formed of a first continuous material of the first elongated member, forming a female end at an extremity formed of a second continuous material of a second elongated member, inserting the male end into the female end, and permanently securing the male end to the female end.
- formation of the female end is achieved by forming a hole by electrical discharge machining.
- formation of the female end consists of forming a hole by laser drilling.
- Forming the male end can be carried out by mechanical abrasion, such as plunge grinding. Friction filting, crimping, soldering, gluing, brazing, laser welding, combinations thereof, or other suitable means may also be used to permanently secure the male end within the female end.
- the invention is also directed to an elongated device for performing a medical procedure with a first elongated member having a male end at an extremity formed of a first continuous material permanently secured within a female end at an extremity of a second elongated member, the extremity of the second elongated member being formed of a second continuous material.
- the male and female ends being formable by the methods discussed above.
- one elongated member is formed from stainless steel while the other elongated member is formed from a shape memory material such as Nitinol.
- any suitable biocompatible material may be used for the elongate members or extremities thereof, including other metals, polymeric compositions or composites.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a three component joint formed by conventional prior art methods.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view, partially in section, of an elongate member with a female end at an extremity and an elongate member with a male end at an extremity, embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partially in section, of the elongate members shown in FIG. 2 secured together and embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the elongate members shown in FIG. 3 taken along lines 4 - 4 in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view in partial section of a guidewire having features of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a transverse cross sectional view of the guidewire of FIG. 5 taken along lines 6 - 6 in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a transverse cross sectional view of the guidewire of FIG. 5 taken along lines 7 - 7 in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 1 shows a portion of a guidewire 10 with wire joint 12 formed by conventional methods, having a first core wire 14 and a second core wire 16 coaxially disposed within hypotube 18 .
- First and second core wires 14 and 16 are secured to hypotube 18 in a conventional manner, such as soldering, gluing or welding.
- the requirement of the hypotube to join the core wire segments necessitates two points of attachment.
- the hypotube joint creates two transition points 20 and 22 that are larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the first and second core wires 14 and 16 .
- FIGS. 2 - 4 show a portion of a guidewire 24 joined by methods having features of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a first core wire 25 having a female end 26 at an extremity 27 .
- extremity 27 of the first core wire 25 is formed of a continuous material which is a monogeneous structural extension of the first core wire 25 generally.
- the continuous material of the first core wire 25 extends to the extremity 27 and female end 26 without any additional components or materials.
- a hole 28 of the female end 26 can be formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM). Depending on the axial depth and diameter of hole 28 , the cycle time for a hole EDM on a guidewire end will be about 10-30 sec.
- Second core wire 30 has a male end 31 configured to mate with hole 28 of female end 26 .
- the male end 31 may be formed by removing material from the end of core wire 30 by any suitable means so as to produce a reduced diameter portion 31 A.
- the reduced diameter portion 31 A extends axially from a flanged portion 33 .
- An abrasive operation such as plunge grinding may be used to form the male end 31 .
- Other means of forming male end 31 include drawing the wire, pressing the wire, melting the wire and molding it or chemical removal of the wire material.
- Extremity 32 of second core wire 30 is formed of a continuous material which is a homogeneous structural extension of the second core wire 30 generally. The continuous material of the second core wire 30 extends axially to extremity 32 and male end 31 without any additional components or materials.
- male end 31 fits closely within female end 26 and the two ends may be secured by soldering, gluing, welding, brazing and the like, to form wire joint 34 .
- male end 31 and female end 26 may be configured so that press fitting them generates sufficient friction to secure them together.
- the joint 34 may be swaged or crimped to secure the wire cores 26 and 30 at joint 34 . Regardless of the method of attachment, it is important to allow the transmission of torque through the joint 34 to maintain steerability of the guidewire 24 .
- Joining core wires 26 and 30 as shown in FIG. 3 and discussed above requires only one point of attachment and creates only one effective transition point 36 .
- the joining methods of the invention can allow a guidewire 40 , shown in FIG. 5, to be formed with two adjacent components joined together to impart different handling characteristics to each section.
- a proximal section 41 is formed from stainless steel while the distal section 42 is formed from a nickel-titanium alloy having pseudoelastic or superelastic characteristics, such as NiTi, commonly called NITINOL.
- NiTi nickel-titanium alloy having pseudoelastic or superelastic characteristics
- NITINOL nickel-titanium alloy having pseudoelastic or superelastic characteristics
- Other metals having super- or pseudo-elastic properties may also be desirable.
- the invention is not limited to metals as other suitable biocompatible materials such as polymers or composites may be used.
- the proximal section 41 of the guidewire 40 is generally about 130 to about 140 cm in length with an outer diameter of about 0.006 to 0.018 inch for coronary use.
- the distal section 42 can have nominal transverse dimensions similar to those of proximal section 41 , however, the distal section 42 typically has one or more tapered distal portions 43 and 44 which taper distally to a reduced diameter or transverse dimension. Larger diameter guidewires up to about 0.038 inch may be employed in peripheral arteries and other body lumens.
- Guidewire 40 may also have a flexible body such as a helical coil 45 disposed about the distal section 42 .
- a shapable member 46 which may be the distal extremity of the distal section 42 , or a separate shaping ribbon 46 , as shown in FIG. 5, is secured to the distal end 47 of the distal section 42 .
- the distal section 42 extends through the helical coil 45 and is secured to a rounded plug 48 at a distal end 51 of the helical coil 45 .
- the lengths of the tapered distal portions 43 and 44 can range from about 2 to about 20 cm, depending upon the stiffness or flexibility desired in the final product.
- the helical coil 45 is about 20 to about 45 cm in length, has an outer diameter about the same size as the diameter of the proximal section 41 , and is made from wire about 0.002 to 0.003 inch in diameter.
- the shapable member 46 can have a ribbon has a rectangular transverse cross-section, usually having dimensions of about 0.001 by 0.003 inch.
- the proximal section 41 has a female end 52 with a hole 52 A disposed at a distal end 53 of the proximal section 41 .
- a male end 54 with a reduced diameter portion 54 A extending proximally from a flanged portion 54 B is disposed at a proximal end 55 of distal section 42 .
- the female end 52 and male end 54 can be engaged and secured in a similar fashion to the female end 28 and male end 32 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
- the reduced diameter portion 54 A of the male end 54 can have a length of about 0.005 to about 0.20 inch, specifically about 0.02 to about 0.06 inch.
- the depth of hole 52 A of the female end 52 should be comparable to the length of the reduced diameter portion 54 A of the male end 54 .
Abstract
A process for joining two discrete wire components without the need of a third component, wherein material from the end of one wire component is removed to form a female end and the end of the other wire is formed into a male end. The male may be secured within the female end by conventional means. The female end may be formed by electrical discharge machining or laser drilling.
Description
- Metallic wires are widely used in medical procedures, a common example being the guidewires used to locate intravascular devices such as angioplasty catheters. For various reasons, it is often desirable to join two discrete wire elements. For example, using different metal alloys can impart distinct handling characteristics to each wire element. By varying properties such as elasticity, strength and torqueability in each wire element, the overall handling of the guidewire can be varied or improved.
- Conventional means for joining discrete wire elements involves the use of a third component, such as a hypotube. One end of each wire element is plunge ground and then inserted into the joining hypotube. The wire elements then can be secured to the hypotube, and thus to each other, by soldering or gluing. These prior art methods can be improved upon because the hypotube itself is expensive and increases manufacturing time due to the handling required to glue each wire element into the hypotube.
- Accordingly, there is a need for improved wire joining processes that allow discrete wire elements to be joined without the use of a third element. There is also a need for wire joining processes that facilitate manufacturing and decrease costs. Additionally, it would be desirable to have a wire joining technique that produces a joint with a smooth continuous outer surface at the joint.
- The invention is directed to a process for forming a small diameter elongated device for use in a medical procedure, such as a guidewire, by joining a first elongated member to a second elongated member by forming a male end at an extremity formed of a first continuous material of the first elongated member, forming a female end at an extremity formed of a second continuous material of a second elongated member, inserting the male end into the female end, and permanently securing the male end to the female end. In one embodiment, formation of the female end is achieved by forming a hole by electrical discharge machining. In another embodiment, formation of the female end consists of forming a hole by laser drilling. Other focused energy methods are also suitable for forming the female end. Forming the male end can be carried out by mechanical abrasion, such as plunge grinding. Friction filting, crimping, soldering, gluing, brazing, laser welding, combinations thereof, or other suitable means may also be used to permanently secure the male end within the female end.
- The invention is also directed to an elongated device for performing a medical procedure with a first elongated member having a male end at an extremity formed of a first continuous material permanently secured within a female end at an extremity of a second elongated member, the extremity of the second elongated member being formed of a second continuous material. The male and female ends being formable by the methods discussed above. In one embodiment, one elongated member is formed from stainless steel while the other elongated member is formed from a shape memory material such as Nitinol. In other embodiments, any suitable biocompatible material may be used for the elongate members or extremities thereof, including other metals, polymeric compositions or composites.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partially in section, of a three component joint formed by conventional prior art methods.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view, partially in section, of an elongate member with a female end at an extremity and an elongate member with a male end at an extremity, embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partially in section, of the elongate members shown in FIG. 2 secured together and embodying features of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the elongate members shown in FIG. 3 taken along lines4-4 in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view in partial section of a guidewire having features of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a transverse cross sectional view of the guidewire of FIG. 5 taken along lines6-6 in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a transverse cross sectional view of the guidewire of FIG. 5 taken along lines7-7 in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 1 shows a portion of a
guidewire 10 withwire joint 12 formed by conventional methods, having afirst core wire 14 and asecond core wire 16 coaxially disposed withinhypotube 18. First andsecond core wires hypotube 18 in a conventional manner, such as soldering, gluing or welding. The requirement of the hypotube to join the core wire segments necessitates two points of attachment. The hypotube joint creates twotransition points second core wires - FIGS.2-4 show a portion of a
guidewire 24 joined by methods having features of the invention. Specifically, FIG. 2 shows afirst core wire 25 having afemale end 26 at anextremity 27. As shown in FIG. 2,extremity 27 of thefirst core wire 25 is formed of a continuous material which is a monogeneous structural extension of thefirst core wire 25 generally. The continuous material of thefirst core wire 25 extends to theextremity 27 andfemale end 26 without any additional components or materials. Ahole 28 of thefemale end 26 can be formed by electrical discharge machining (EDM). Depending on the axial depth and diameter ofhole 28, the cycle time for a hole EDM on a guidewire end will be about 10-30 sec. Thehole 28 of thefemale end 26 may also be formed by other suitable focused energy removal means, such as laser drilling. The removal method should be operable with the precise tolerances required to form a small diameter hole in the wire.Second core wire 30 has amale end 31 configured to mate withhole 28 offemale end 26. Themale end 31 may be formed by removing material from the end ofcore wire 30 by any suitable means so as to produce a reduceddiameter portion 31A. The reduceddiameter portion 31A extends axially from a flangedportion 33. An abrasive operation such as plunge grinding may be used to form themale end 31. Other means of formingmale end 31 include drawing the wire, pressing the wire, melting the wire and molding it or chemical removal of the wire material.Extremity 32 ofsecond core wire 30 is formed of a continuous material which is a homogeneous structural extension of thesecond core wire 30 generally. The continuous material of thesecond core wire 30 extends axially toextremity 32 andmale end 31 without any additional components or materials. - As shown in FIG. 3, and the cross section of, FIG. 4,
male end 31 fits closely withinfemale end 26 and the two ends may be secured by soldering, gluing, welding, brazing and the like, to formwire joint 34. Alternatively,male end 31 andfemale end 26 may be configured so that press fitting them generates sufficient friction to secure them together. It is also possible for thejoint 34 to be swaged or crimped to secure thewire cores joint 34. Regardless of the method of attachment, it is important to allow the transmission of torque through thejoint 34 to maintain steerability of theguidewire 24. Joiningcore wires effective transition point 36. These features improve the reliability ofguidewire 24 by creating fewer failure points and improving the crossing characteristics by creating ajoint 34 with a smooth continuous outer surface at thetransition point 36. - The joining methods of the invention can allow a
guidewire 40, shown in FIG. 5, to be formed with two adjacent components joined together to impart different handling characteristics to each section. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, aproximal section 41 is formed from stainless steel while thedistal section 42 is formed from a nickel-titanium alloy having pseudoelastic or superelastic characteristics, such as NiTi, commonly called NITINOL. Other metals having super- or pseudo-elastic properties may also be desirable. The invention is not limited to metals as other suitable biocompatible materials such as polymers or composites may be used. - The
proximal section 41 of theguidewire 40 is generally about 130 to about 140 cm in length with an outer diameter of about 0.006 to 0.018 inch for coronary use. Thedistal section 42 can have nominal transverse dimensions similar to those ofproximal section 41, however, thedistal section 42 typically has one or more tapereddistal portions helical coil 45 disposed about thedistal section 42. Ashapable member 46, which may be the distal extremity of thedistal section 42, or aseparate shaping ribbon 46, as shown in FIG. 5, is secured to thedistal end 47 of thedistal section 42. Thedistal section 42 extends through thehelical coil 45 and is secured to arounded plug 48 at adistal end 51 of thehelical coil 45. The lengths of the tapereddistal portions helical coil 45 is about 20 to about 45 cm in length, has an outer diameter about the same size as the diameter of theproximal section 41, and is made from wire about 0.002 to 0.003 inch in diameter. Theshapable member 46 can have a ribbon has a rectangular transverse cross-section, usually having dimensions of about 0.001 by 0.003 inch. - The
proximal section 41 has afemale end 52 with ahole 52A disposed at adistal end 53 of theproximal section 41. Amale end 54 with a reduceddiameter portion 54A extending proximally from aflanged portion 54B is disposed at aproximal end 55 ofdistal section 42. Thefemale end 52 andmale end 54 can be engaged and secured in a similar fashion to thefemale end 28 andmale end 32 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. The reduceddiameter portion 54A of themale end 54 can have a length of about 0.005 to about 0.20 inch, specifically about 0.02 to about 0.06 inch. The depth ofhole 52A of thefemale end 52 should be comparable to the length of the reduceddiameter portion 54A of themale end 54. - Described herein are preferred embodiments, however, one skilled in the art that pertains to the present invention will understand that there are equivalent alternative embodiments. Although the described embodiments have comprised guidewires, the invention can be used to create other solid, elongated, small diameter medical devices from two or more discrete sections. For example, devices such as pacing leads may be formed using the methods disclosed herein.
Claims (17)
1. A process for forming a small diameter elongated device for use in a medical procedure comprising forming a male end at an extremity of a first elongated member formed of a first continuous material, forming a female end at an extremity formed of a second continuous material, and permanently securing the male end of the first elongated member within the female end of the second elongated member.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein formation of the female end comprises forming a hole by electrical discharge machining.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein formation of the female end comprises forming a hole by laser drilling.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the first continuous material is different from the second continuous material.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the first and second continuous materials comprise a biocompatible materials selected from the group consisting of metals, polymers and composites.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the group consists of stainless steel and Nitinol.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein securing the male end to the female end is selected from the group consisting of soldering, welding and gluing.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein forming the male end comprises plunge grinding.
9. A small diameter elongated device for use in a medical procedure comprising a first elongated member having a male end at an extremity formed of a first continuous material permanently secured within a female end at an extremity of a second elongated member, the extremity of the second elongated member formed of a second continuous material, which is permanently secured within a female end of a second elongated member.
10. The elongated device of claim 9 wherein the female end is formed by electrical discharge machining.
11. The elongated device of claim 9 wherein the female end is formed by laser drilling.
12. The elongated device of claim 9 wherein the first and second continuous materials comprise biocompatible materials selected from the group consisting of metals, polymers and composites.
13. The elongated device of claim 12 wherein the group consists of stainless steel and Nitinol.
14. The elongated device of claim 9 wherein the male end is secured to the female end by a bond selected from the group consisting of solder, weld and glue.
15. The elongated device of claim 9 wherein the male end is formed by plunge grinding.
16. A guidewire comprising an elongated proximal core portion having a female end disposed at a distal extremity of the proximal core portion formed from a first continuous material; a distal core portion having a male end disposed at a proximal extremity of distal core portion, with the male end permanently secured within the female end; and a flexible body member disposed about and secured to the distal core portion.
17. A guidewire comprising an elongated proximal core portion having a male end disposed at a distal extremity of the proximal core portion formed from a first continuous material, a distal core portion having a female end disposed at a proximal extremity formed from a second continuous material, with the male end permanently secured within the female end; and a flexible body member disposed about and secured to the distal core portion.
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US10/650,603 US20040039310A1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2003-08-28 | Wire joint and method |
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US09/452,342 US6645159B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Wire joint and method |
US10/650,603 US20040039310A1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2003-08-28 | Wire joint and method |
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US09/452,342 Division US6645159B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Wire joint and method |
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US09/452,342 Expired - Lifetime US6645159B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Wire joint and method |
US10/650,603 Abandoned US20040039310A1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2003-08-28 | Wire joint and method |
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US20110147080A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | Heraeus Medical Components, Llc | Joined dissimilar materials |
US8157766B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2012-04-17 | Medrad, Inc. | Torqueable kink-resistant guidewire |
US8487210B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-07-16 | W. C. Hereaus GmbH | Joined dissimilar materials and method |
US9238119B2 (en) | 2010-08-12 | 2016-01-19 | Boston Scientific Limited | Infusion flow system and fluid coupling |
WO2022187219A1 (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-09 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc, D/B/A Olympus Surgical Technologies America | Rotational coupling device and method |
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US20050197597A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-08 | Medtronic Vascular, Inc. | Guidewire with hollow distal section |
US7998090B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2011-08-16 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Guide wire with core having welded wire segments |
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US9006606B2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2015-04-14 | Arthrex, Inc. | Flexible drill and method of joining nitinol to dissimilar metals |
US8702594B2 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2014-04-22 | Avram Allan Edidin | Imaging system having a quick connect coupling interface |
US9061088B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2015-06-23 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Guide wire core wire made from a substantially titanium-free alloy for enhanced guide wire steering response |
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Cited By (11)
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US8157766B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2012-04-17 | Medrad, Inc. | Torqueable kink-resistant guidewire |
US9585686B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2017-03-07 | Boston Scientific Limited | Infusion flow guidewire system |
WO2008157204A2 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-24 | Possis Medical, Inc. | Infusion flow guidewire system |
WO2008157204A3 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-02-26 | Possis Medical Inc | Infusion flow guidewire system |
US8608703B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2013-12-17 | Medrad, Inc. | Infusion flow guidewire system |
US20110147080A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | Heraeus Medical Components, Llc | Joined dissimilar materials |
US8569625B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2013-10-29 | W. C. Heraeus Gmbh | Joined dissimilar materials |
US8835799B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2014-09-16 | Heraeus Precious Metals Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of joining dissimilar materials |
US8487210B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-07-16 | W. C. Hereaus GmbH | Joined dissimilar materials and method |
US9238119B2 (en) | 2010-08-12 | 2016-01-19 | Boston Scientific Limited | Infusion flow system and fluid coupling |
WO2022187219A1 (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-09 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc, D/B/A Olympus Surgical Technologies America | Rotational coupling device and method |
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