US20040171464A1 - Exercise device with body fat monitor - Google Patents
Exercise device with body fat monitor Download PDFInfo
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- US20040171464A1 US20040171464A1 US10/377,296 US37729603A US2004171464A1 US 20040171464 A1 US20040171464 A1 US 20040171464A1 US 37729603 A US37729603 A US 37729603A US 2004171464 A1 US2004171464 A1 US 2004171464A1
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- user
- body fat
- exercise system
- sensor
- heart rate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B22/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for conditioning the cardio-vascular system, for training agility or co-ordination of movements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
- A63B2230/04—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations
- A63B2230/06—Measuring physiological parameters of the user heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulations heartbeat rate only
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2230/00—Measuring physiological parameters of the user
- A63B2230/70—Measuring physiological parameters of the user body fat
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to exercise devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems, methods, and exercise devices for measuring and monitoring biometrics of an exercising user and more specifically to systems and methods for measuring the body fat of a user.
- heart rate is often used to establish an exercise program that helps a user improve their health.
- some exercise programs establish a target heart rate that the user must achieve and maintain as they exercise. The benefit they receive from exercising may be increased because they are exercising properly. Tailoring exercise to a heart rate may only be done, of course, if the heart rate is monitored as the user exercises.
- users strap sensors to their bodies in order to monitor their heart rate. Body weight and blood pressure are other biometrics that people monitor to help them improve their health.
- body fat Another biometric that is used to monitor exercise is body fat. This biometric does not typically change significantly during a single exercise session. However, body fat is a useful indication of a person's health and provides excellent feedback that reflects how the user's health is improving over time. Measuring and monitoring percent body fat, however, is a more difficult task.
- the present invention relates to exercise systems and devices that measure and monitor biometrics including, but not limited to, body fat, heart rate, and/or body mass index (BMI).
- the present invention includes a body fat sensor and/or a heart rate sensor that may be used before, during, or after an exercise session.
- the present invention is also able to track a user's body fat over time and provide workout routines based on a user's body fat.
- a user's BMI can be tracked and adjusted as the weight of the user changes.
- the exercise device includes a frame that is connected with an operable member such as a belt assembly on a treadmill or a pedal assembly on an elliptical device.
- a monitoring assembly is linked to the frame and includes a console that is positioned such that a user easily views a display on the console as the user exercises.
- the display of the console conveys a user's body fat percentage after it is measured.
- the display is also able to display historical values of the user's body fat percentage.
- the monitoring assembly typically has a pair of electrodes that may be coupled to handles grasped by a user.
- the handles may be connected to the console, but the handles can alternatively be part of the frame or of the operable member of the exercise device.
- the electrodes can be used by, for example, a body fat sensor and/or a heart rate sensor, and may be integrated into the handles.
- at least one of the electrodes in each handle is shared by both the body fat sensor and the heart rate sensor.
- the electrodes are used to send signals through the person's body that may be analyzed.
- the body fat sensor for example, uses a signal to determine the person's impedance.
- the electrodes are linked to the exercise device independently from the handles.
- the impedance obtained from the body fat sensor may be used in a regression analysis to determine the user's body fat percentage.
- more than one regression analysis is available to the monitoring assembly.
- the regression analysis used to determine a particular user's percent body fat may be determined from the user's body mass index (BMI).
- BMI body mass index
- the regression analysis may also incorporate user data including the user's weight, height, age, and/or sex when determining the user's body fat percentage.
- User data such as weight, height, age, and sex may be stored by the monitoring assembly for multiple users such that the body fat or other biometrics of multiple users may be stored and monitored.
- the percent body fat is determined and then displayed on the console of the monitoring assembly.
- the console also has the ability to display the user's progress in terms of body fat as well as suggest a workout routine based on the user's body fat.
- the console may also display the user's progress in terms of other biometrics.
- the BMI of a user is typically defined by the weight and the height of the As user. As a user exercises, the user's weight is likely to change.
- the monitoring assembly can track and adjust a user's BMI as the user's weight changes over time.
- the BMI can be displayed to the user. In one embodiment, historical values of the BMI are stored such that a history of the user's BMI can also be displayed. In this manner, a user can track his or her progress using the BMI.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exercise system comprising: an exercise device linked to a monitoring assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a monitoring assembly that includes a console connected to handles having electrodes mounted thereon; and
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the monitoring assembly illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the present invention generally relates to systems, methods, and devices for measuring a user's biometrics including a user's body fat and/or heart rate. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exercise system that has a body fat monitor for measuring a user's body fat and/or a heart rate monitor for measuring a user's heart rate. In one embodiment, the biometric sensors share a common or reference electrode.
- exercise device includes, but is not limited to, treadmills, stationary bicycles, stair stepping equipment, elliptical machines, or other device usable by a user to perform exercise programs or regimes.
- Each exercise device typically includes an operable member that is used primarily for exercise.
- a treadmill includes a belt assembly that permits a user to run, jog, or walk.
- Both stationary bicycles and elliptical machines typically have pedal assemblies that enable a person to pedal or run as needed.
- the present invention is described herein in context of a treadmill, which is illustrated in FIG. 1 as a treadmill 10 , but one of skill in the art may appreciate that the present invention may be used with other exercise devices.
- the treadmill 10 includes a tread base 20 that is movably connected to a frame 12 .
- the connection between the tread base 20 and the frame 12 enables the tread base 20 to be lowered or raised as needed by a user.
- the tread base 20 When the tread base 20 is lowered as illustrated in FIG. 1, the treadmill 10 may be used for exercise.
- the tread base 20 When the tread base 20 is raised, the treadmill 10 cannot be used for exercise and is usually stored until the tread base 20 is lowered for use.
- Other treadmills may include tread bases that are fixed and are unable to be moved between an exercise position and a storage position.
- the tread base 20 of treadmill 10 has a left side 16 and a right side 18 . As illustrated, the left side 16 and the right side 18 are spaced apart and are in general alignment.
- the tread base 20 has an endless belt 24 positioned between the left side 16 and the right side 18 .
- the endless belt 24 or tread is part of a belt assembly and is configured to receive a user thereon to perform exercises such as running, walking, jogging, etc.
- the frame 12 provides support for the treadmill 10 . Therefore, the components of treadmill 10 are supported by the frame 12 and may be considered as being linked to the frame 12 .
- the frame 12 is configured to be freestanding and to stably support the treadmill 10 .
- the frame 12 includes an upright structure 14 that supports tread base 20 and has a left upright member 19 and a right upright member 21 spaced from left upright member 19 and in general alignment therewith.
- the frame 12 further includes, in this example, a left support member 54 and a right support member 52 .
- the support members 54 and 52 may be used, for example, to help a user maintain balance or provide support to the user as the user performs an exercise.
- FIG. 1 is an example of an exercise system 8 comprising an exercise device 10 that is linked to a monitoring assembly 100 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates that exercise system 8 of the present invention has a monitoring assembly 100 comprising (i) a console 200 linked to the frame 12 of device 10 ; and (ii) electrodes electrically coupled to the console 200 .
- the console 200 is positioned between the left upright member 19 and the right upright member 21 such that a user may easily view the console 200 when the user is positioned on the endless belt 24 .
- the console 200 has operating controls that may be controlled by a user to operate the treadmill 10 .
- the console 200 further includes one or more displays that may be used by the user to identify various parameters associated with the exercise being performed.
- the console 200 in this illustration, is connected to a handle 202 and a handle 204 .
- the handles may be integrally coupled to the console 200 or coupled thereto through a variety of different manners.
- electrodes for one or more biometric sensors are mounted in handles 202 and 204 .
- the sensors are typically contained within the console 200 .
- the handles 202 and 204 are positioned so that a user may grasp handles 202 and 204 while exercising or while resting.
- the electrodes in the handles 202 and 204 are used to pass a signal through the user's body or are used to detect signals generated by the body.
- the electrodes of the present invention may be coupled to a variety of different structures, such as respective handles, the frame, the console, or one or more operable members, for example, but may, in another embodiment, be held by the user independently of such structures.
- a processor (not shown) included in the console 200 analyzes the signals from the electrodes to determine the biometric being measured.
- the handles 202 and 204 have electrodes for a heart rate sensor and a body fat sensor mantel thereon.
- the sensors share a common or reference electrode.
- Each handle 202 and 204 has a reference electrode contact thereon that typically has the same potential.
- the biometric sensors may be mounted in or to the frame 12 .
- electrodes for the biometric sensors are mounted in the support members 52 and 54 .
- the electrodes are electrically connected with the biometric sensors, regardless of where the electrodes are located. This permits the electrodes to be placed in any useful location relative to the frame 12 , the console 200 , or more generally exercise device 10 .
- the electrodes may also be configured to be held directly by a user or may be located in one or more handheld devices that are separate from the exercise device but in communication with the console 200 . This may enable the user to more easily hold the electrodes while the user's biometrics are measured.
- FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a monitoring assembly 100 that includes a console 200 .
- the monitoring assembly 100 may be linked to the frame 12 (FIG. 1) of the exercise device 10 .
- the console 200 includes biometric sensors that may detect and measure various biometrics that include, but are not limited to, user's percent body fat and a user's heart rate.
- the biometric sensors are mounted in the console 200 and the electrodes are integrated with the handles 202 and 204 .
- the handles 202 and 204 are configured to be grasped by a user and the biometric sensors may measure or detect biometrics of the user when the user is in contact with the electrodes of the biometric sensors.
- the handles 202 and 204 are connected to the console 200 . Alternatively, the handles can be mounted on the frame or operable member of the exercise device.
- the biometric sensors may be mounted directly in the frame 12 (FIG. 1) of the exercise device or other suitable location as previously stated.
- the electrodes embedded in handles 202 and 204 are typically flush with the surface of the handles 202 and 204 and are electrically isolated from each other in each respective handle 202 and 204 .
- the electrodes may be raised from the surface of the handles 202 and 204 to ensure electrical contact with a user when the user grasps the handles 202 and 204 .
- the body fat sensor is electrically coupled to an electrode 210 , an electrode 208 and one or more reference electrodes.
- the reference electrode may have a plurality of reference electrode contacts 214 a - b .
- the reference electrode contacts 214 a - b have the same potential on both the handle 202 and the handle 204 and serve as a reference for the electrodes 210 and 208 .
- the reference electrode contacts 214 a - b for example, are electrically connected together and may be grounded.
- the heart rate sensor is electrically coupled to an electrode 206 and an electrode 209 . In this example, the heart rate sensor and the body fat sensor utilize the same reference electrode contacts 214 a - b.
- each sensor would have a reference electrode contact that is separate from the reference electrode contact of the other sensor(s).
- each of the reference electrodes 214 a - b could be separated into two separate electrodes.
- the electrodes, 206 , 210 , 208 , and 209 would be associated with a separate reference electrode contact.
- the electrodes 206 , 210 and the reference electrode contact 214 on the handle 202 and the electrodes 208 , 209 , and the reference electrode contact 214 on the handle 204 are positioned such that a user's hands contact the relevant electrodes when the user grips the handles 202 and 204 .
- a user's hands contact the relevant electrodes when the user grips the handles 202 and 204 .
- the electrodes 206 and 209 are not active even though the user's hands are likely to be in contact with these electrodes.
- a signal may be passed through the user's body, measured, and analyzed to determine the user's body fat as a percentage.
- the signal may originate at the electrode 210 and be detected at the electrode 208 , however it is understood that the opposite case is also possible.
- the signal passed through the user's body is typically dependent on the biometric being measured.
- the same electrodes may be used to measure different biometrics or other measurable characteristic or property of the human body.
- the console 200 may have a control that determines which biometric is being measured by the electrodes.
- the electrodes 210 and 208 could be eliminated and the electrodes 206 and 209 could be used for all biometric sensors.
- either the body fat sensor or the heart rate sensor is inactive as the signal used by the heart rate sensor to detect a heart rate may interfere with a signal used by the body fat monitor to detect body fat. Only one of the sensors is active at a particular time. The user may provide input through console 200 to activate a different sensor, which also deactivates the other sensors such that a single sensor is active. One of the sensors may be active by default.
- the console 200 includes inputs 220 , 222 , and 224 , such as buttons, switches, and other controls, that are often used in conjunction with a body fat sensor or other biometric sensor.
- the input 220 when depressed by a user, activates the body fat sensor while deactivating the heart rate sensor.
- the user then grips the handles so that each hand is in contact with the appropriate electrodes as described above and a signal is input to the user's body through the electrode 210 in one configuration.
- the signal after passing through the body of the user, is measured at the electrode 208 . From the signal, the impedance of the user is determined; the impedance is usually expressed in ohms.
- the impedance is then used by the console 200 to determine the user's body fat or body fat percentage.
- Body fat content as a percentage of total body weight may be measured by measuring the body's electrical impedance.
- the body's impedance can be measured, for example, between the individual's feet, between the foot and arm, or across the trunk of an individual. Measuring a person's impedance is based, in one embodiment, on the different electrical properties of various biological tissues at different signal frequencies. Tissues that contain a lot of water and electrolytes, such as muscle, are highly conductive. Fat, bone, and air-filled spaces such as the lungs are more resistive. The volume of these tissues may thus be determined from measurements of their combined resistances.
- the user before the impedance may be used to determine the user's body fat percentage, the user enters user data into the console 200 using a user input 250 .
- the user data includes, but is not limited to, height, weight, sex, and/or age data.
- the console 200 includes components such as a processor, memory, and software that permit various types of data to be stored and used.
- the user data can be stored, for example, in a look up table or other data structure. Also, user data for more than one user can be stored and accessed as needed when a biometric such as body fat is being determined.
- the console 200 provides a connection over a computer network such as the Internet that permits a user's data to be stored remotely.
- the user data for example, may be stored as a remote web site that tracks and analyses the user data.
- the data generated by the biometric sensors may also be stored either on the console or at a remote location.
- the console 200 is able to store a user's data once the data is entered and console 200 is also able to store data for more than one user.
- a user may use user input 250 to scroll through a list of the users stored by the console 200 until the appropriate user is found.
- the user can use the enter button of the user input 250 to select the displayed user so that any measurements taken during the exercise session are associated with the that user.
- the console is prepared to measure a user's biometrics.
- the electrodes in handles 202 and 204 for the body fat sensor are activated.
- the user is instructed on display 230 to grip handles 202 and 204 such that the user's hands are in contact with the electrodes.
- the electrodes are mounted in one or more handheld devices or component or on the frame, then the user is instructed to grip the handheld devices or component or the frame.
- the body fat sensor measures the impedance or resistance of the user and the body fat percentage is computed by the console 200 using, in one embodiment, a regression analysis, performed by various hardware and/or software components and modules.
- the regression analysis applied to a particular user may depend on the sex of the user and/or other characteristics.
- the user's sex and body mass index (BMI) are used to identify the appropriate regression analysis. For example, if the body mass index (BMI) of a female user is greater than 28 a first regression analysis may be performed. If the BMI of the female user is less than 21, a second regression analysis may be performed. If the BMI of the female user is between 21 and 28 , then the results of the first regression analysis and the second regression analysis may be combined or averaged. A similar approach may be performed for male users. As the BMI of the user changes, the regression analysis used to determine the user's body fat may changes as well.
- the system stores and updates the BMI of each user periodically or when the user enters a new weight value.
- the present invention is also able to display a user's progress in terms of the user's BMI.
- the regression analysis often utilizes height of the user, the weight of the user, and the resistance of the user as measured by the body fat sensor to determine the user's percent body fat.
- the regression analysis may also incorporate the age of the user in some instances.
- the following regression analysis is used to determine a user's body fat. In this example:
- FFM Fat Free Mass
- BW Body Weight in kilograms
- R resistance in ohms
- % BF Percent Body Fat
- % BF ( 100 *((BW ⁇ FFM)/BW))).
- Equations (1) and (2) are averaged for a woman where 22 ⁇ BMI ⁇ 27.
- Equations (3) and (4) are averaged for a man where 22 ⁇ BMI ⁇ 27.
- the body fat percentage is determined, it is displayed to the user using a sensor display 240 , such as one or more LCD displays or other displays capable of displaying data visually to a user.
- the sensor display 240 is also used, in one embodiment, to display the heart rate of the user as determined by the heart rate sensor.
- the body fat percentage or other biometric may be displayed on a different portion of the display 230 .
- the console 200 stores values of the user's biometrics.
- the progress input 224 may be used to display a history of recent measurements or to provide a user with an indication of how he or she is progressing.
- the graphical display 240 may display a visual representation of how the user's body fat percentage has changed over a particular period of time.
- the display may be a bar chart, pie chart, or other visual representation of the user's biometrics.
- the user's initial body fat measurement and current body fat measurement are displayed. This gives the user an indication of their overall progress.
- body fat measurements for a specific period of time may be displayed, thus displaying the user's progress for the specific time period. This enables, for example, a user to track their progress over the last month.
- the user's progress may be displayed in terms of time, workout, weight, body fat percentage, and the like.
- the program input 222 utilizes the user's data along with their body fat measurement(s) to identify and suggest an exercise program for the user.
- This aspect of the console 200 uses the body fat measurement in combination with a user's lifestyle to provide or recommend a workout routine.
- a user may be provided with different options that recommend fat grams, carbohydrate grams, total calories, and the like along with a workout routine. For example, if the lifestyle of a user is to lose weight, then the workout routine is configured accordingly. If a user, on the other hand, simply desires to maintain their current weight, then the workout routine is recommended accordingly.
- the user when a user begins to use an exercise system in accordance with the present invention, the user provides user data (height, weight, age, sex, etc.) to the exercise system.
- the user provides user data, for example, by inputting the user data through the console 200 .
- the user is prompted to update the user data periodically or the user can update the user data at any time without being prompted.
- the biometrics measured by the body fat monitor and the heart rate monitor can be stored and included in the user data.
- body fat measurements, heart rate measurements, BMI, and the like are added to or associated with the user data input by the user.
- the historical values of the biometric measurements can be displayed to the user to demonstrate the user's progress.
- the duration of the exercise session, the calories burned, and other information generated by the exercise session can become part of or is associated with the user data.
- the historical data or values may include the amount of belt revolutions and belt speed on a treadmill, the amount of revolutions of the pedal assembly of an exercise bike, and the like.
- the program input can also utilize the user data to provide a particular workout routine for the user or to provide a workout routine that uses biometric ranges such as a target heart rate.
- the monitoring assembly can provide a workout routine using a portion of the user data such as the BMI.
- the monitoring assembly can consider the user's weight, height, and historical values of body fat to provide a workout routine.
- the workout routine provides by the monitoring assembly can also be affected by the information that is generated by the user's exercise sessions, such as historical data reflecting how much the user has used the exercise device.
- the workout routine can be provided or recommended using the user data in a variety of different combinations.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the monitoring assembly 100 .
- a biometric circuitry 300 may include, but is not limited to, a heart rate sensor 302 and a body fat sensor 304 .
- the heart rate sensor 302 and the body fat sensor 304 are both connected to a reference electrode 307 .
- the reference electrode 307 may include one or more reference electrode contacts as illustrated by reference electrode contacts 214 a , 214 b in FIG. 2.
- the heart rate sensor is also connected to the electrodes 308 (e.g. electrodes 206 , 209 ) while the body fat sensor 304 is connected to the electrodes 309 (e.g. electrodes 208 , 210 ).
- Each sensor when active, generates a signal that is adapted for use with a user's body.
- the heart rate sensor 302 uses the electrodes 308 and 307 to measure an EKG signal.
- a signal processor 306 is able to convert the data or signal from the heart rate sensor 302 into a heart rate.
- the signal processor 306 utilizes the signal or data received from the body fat sensor 304 to generate a resistance or impedance of the user.
- a biometric processor 310 receives data from the biometric circuitry 300 and displays the measured biometric data on display 230 or 240 .
- the biometric processor 310 receives an impedance from the signal processor 306 .
- the biometric processor 310 uses the impedance determined by the body fat sensor 304 , in combination with user data 312 and regression data 314 , to compute and display the user's body fat percentage on the display 240 or the display 230 .
- the heart rate sensor, the body fat sensor, and other biometric sensors are configured such that they share at least one common electrode in one embodiment. In another embodiment, the electrodes are common to all biometric sensors but only one sensor is active at a time.
- the functionality of the signal processor 306 may be collapsed into biometric processor 310 . This permits a single processor to compute all of the biometrics that may be measured using the console 200 . Alternatively, the functionality of the signal processor can be collapsed into the body fat sensor 304 and/or the heart rate sensor 306 .
- FIG. 3 further illustrates an example of a processing assembly 315 .
- the processing assembly 315 includes the body fat sensor 304 , the signal processor 306 and the biometric processor 310 .
- the processing assembly is able to determine a user's body fat percentage as previously described.
- a body fat monitor 317 which includes the processing assembly 315 , the display 240 , the reference electrode 307 , and the electrodes 309 , conveys the body fat percentage to the user.
- the body fat monitor also conveys other data to the user as previously described.
- the present invention can also monitor the BMI of multiple users using a BMI monitor which is included in the monitoring assembly.
- the BMI is computed using the height and weight of a user as defined previously.
- the user data including the weight, is updated at times by the user or by prompting from the BMI monitor through the display of the monitoring assembly.
- the user typically updates his or her weight as his or her weight changes over time.
- the BMI of the user also changes.
- the BMI of each user is stored by the BMI monitor and can be displayed to the user.
- historical values of each user's BMI is also stored by the BMI monitor. Thus, the progress of the user in terms of BMI can also be displayed to the user.
Abstract
Description
- 1. The Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to exercise devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems, methods, and exercise devices for measuring and monitoring biometrics of an exercising user and more specifically to systems and methods for measuring the body fat of a user.
- 2. The Relevant Technology
- In recent years, there has been an increasing interest among individuals to monitor and improve themselves physically. Typically, individuals are able to physically improve themselves by setting goals relating to diet and exercise. Many of these individuals have different reasons for beginning an exercise program. Some individuals are motivated to reduce the risk of certain life-shortening or debilitating illnesses, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes, while other individuals simply want to lose weight. Some individuals simply desire to maintain their health.
- The ability of people to persevere in an exercise program is increased if people are able to monitor their progress and see the results of their exercise program. A person who wants to lose weight, for example, may write down the weight on a weekly basis. Over time, that person is able to view their progress and determine whether their exercise program is helping them achieve their goal.
- One of the ways that exercise programs help individuals achieve their goal is by monitoring certain biometrics. One commonly measured and monitored biometric is heart rate. In fact, heart rate is often used to establish an exercise program that helps a user improve their health. For example, some exercise programs establish a target heart rate that the user must achieve and maintain as they exercise. The benefit they receive from exercising may be increased because they are exercising properly. Tailoring exercise to a heart rate may only be done, of course, if the heart rate is monitored as the user exercises. Often, users strap sensors to their bodies in order to monitor their heart rate. Body weight and blood pressure are other biometrics that people monitor to help them improve their health.
- Another biometric that is used to monitor exercise is body fat. This biometric does not typically change significantly during a single exercise session. However, body fat is a useful indication of a person's health and provides excellent feedback that reflects how the user's health is improving over time. Measuring and monitoring percent body fat, however, is a more difficult task.
- One generally accepted method for measuring a person's body fat is to immerse the person in a tank of water and measure the amount of water that is displaced. Calculations are then performed to determine the person's percent body fat. Unfortunately, this method is very difficult to implement in practice because it requires a large tank of water and some reasonably expensive equipment to operate. Additionally, the person must take the time to go to the location of the tank to have their body fat measured and pay a relatively large sum of money each time the test is performed. This is inconvenient and expensive for people that wish to monitor their percent body fat on a frequent basis.
- Currently, portable machines are available which allow an individual to calculate his or her body fat percentage without going to a remote location. Unfortunately, many of these devices require an individual to hook up various wires or electrodes to particular parts of the body in order to effectuate these measurements. These devices take time to connect to the body and are not easily used while the person is exercising. Improper use of these devices may also result in inaccurate measurements.
- Although the knowledge of an individual's body fat percentage is of considerable value, it would be more useful to be able to quickly and easily take these measurements on a regular basis, such as over a period of weeks or months. Such historical information is particularly valuable to individuals who are on a diet or fitness program as an indication of the progress they are making in reducing body fat or weight over a period of time.
- Many individuals who are undertaking a program of regular exercise would like to have the ability to measure body fat percentage on a regular basis without having to go to a location specifically to have the measurement done or pay large sums of money. Additionally, these individuals would like to be able to monitor such body functions as heart rate while they are using a particular piece of exercise device to ensure they are getting the maximum benefit, both out of the workout routine and the exercise device itself.
- These and other limitations are overcome by the present invention, which relates to exercise systems and devices that measure and monitor biometrics including, but not limited to, body fat, heart rate, and/or body mass index (BMI). The present invention includes a body fat sensor and/or a heart rate sensor that may be used before, during, or after an exercise session. The present invention is also able to track a user's body fat over time and provide workout routines based on a user's body fat. A user's BMI can be tracked and adjusted as the weight of the user changes.
- In one embodiment, the exercise device includes a frame that is connected with an operable member such as a belt assembly on a treadmill or a pedal assembly on an elliptical device. A monitoring assembly is linked to the frame and includes a console that is positioned such that a user easily views a display on the console as the user exercises. The display of the console conveys a user's body fat percentage after it is measured. The display is also able to display historical values of the user's body fat percentage.
- The monitoring assembly typically has a pair of electrodes that may be coupled to handles grasped by a user. The handles may be connected to the console, but the handles can alternatively be part of the frame or of the operable member of the exercise device. The electrodes can be used by, for example, a body fat sensor and/or a heart rate sensor, and may be integrated into the handles. In one embodiment, at least one of the electrodes in each handle is shared by both the body fat sensor and the heart rate sensor. When a person grasps a handle in each hand, the electrodes are used to send signals through the person's body that may be analyzed. The body fat sensor, for example, uses a signal to determine the person's impedance. In another embodiment, the electrodes are linked to the exercise device independently from the handles.
- The impedance obtained from the body fat sensor may be used in a regression analysis to determine the user's body fat percentage. In one embodiment, more than one regression analysis is available to the monitoring assembly. The regression analysis used to determine a particular user's percent body fat may be determined from the user's body mass index (BMI). In addition, the regression analysis may also incorporate user data including the user's weight, height, age, and/or sex when determining the user's body fat percentage.
- User data such as weight, height, age, and sex may be stored by the monitoring assembly for multiple users such that the body fat or other biometrics of multiple users may be stored and monitored. When the body fat of a particular user is measured, the percent body fat is determined and then displayed on the console of the monitoring assembly. The console also has the ability to display the user's progress in terms of body fat as well as suggest a workout routine based on the user's body fat. The console may also display the user's progress in terms of other biometrics.
- The BMI of a user is typically defined by the weight and the height of the As user. As a user exercises, the user's weight is likely to change. The monitoring assembly can track and adjust a user's BMI as the user's weight changes over time. The BMI can be displayed to the user. In one embodiment, historical values of the BMI are stored such that a history of the user's BMI can also be displayed. In this manner, a user can track his or her progress using the BMI.
- Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. These and other features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
- To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an exercise system comprising: an exercise device linked to a monitoring assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a monitoring assembly that includes a console connected to handles having electrodes mounted thereon; and
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the monitoring assembly illustrated in FIG. 2.
- The present invention generally relates to systems, methods, and devices for measuring a user's biometrics including a user's body fat and/or heart rate. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exercise system that has a body fat monitor for measuring a user's body fat and/or a heart rate monitor for measuring a user's heart rate. In one embodiment, the biometric sensors share a common or reference electrode.
- As used herein, “exercise device” includes, but is not limited to, treadmills, stationary bicycles, stair stepping equipment, elliptical machines, or other device usable by a user to perform exercise programs or regimes. Each exercise device typically includes an operable member that is used primarily for exercise. For example, a treadmill includes a belt assembly that permits a user to run, jog, or walk. Both stationary bicycles and elliptical machines typically have pedal assemblies that enable a person to pedal or run as needed.
- The present invention is described herein in context of a treadmill, which is illustrated in FIG. 1 as a
treadmill 10, but one of skill in the art may appreciate that the present invention may be used with other exercise devices. Thetreadmill 10 includes atread base 20 that is movably connected to aframe 12. The connection between thetread base 20 and theframe 12 enables thetread base 20 to be lowered or raised as needed by a user. When thetread base 20 is lowered as illustrated in FIG. 1, thetreadmill 10 may be used for exercise. When thetread base 20 is raised, thetreadmill 10 cannot be used for exercise and is usually stored until thetread base 20 is lowered for use. Other treadmills may include tread bases that are fixed and are unable to be moved between an exercise position and a storage position. - The
tread base 20 oftreadmill 10 has aleft side 16 and aright side 18. As illustrated, theleft side 16 and theright side 18 are spaced apart and are in general alignment. Thetread base 20 has anendless belt 24 positioned between theleft side 16 and theright side 18. Theendless belt 24 or tread is part of a belt assembly and is configured to receive a user thereon to perform exercises such as running, walking, jogging, etc. - The
frame 12 provides support for thetreadmill 10. Therefore, the components oftreadmill 10 are supported by theframe 12 and may be considered as being linked to theframe 12. Theframe 12 is configured to be freestanding and to stably support thetreadmill 10. Theframe 12 includes anupright structure 14 that supportstread base 20 and has aleft upright member 19 and aright upright member 21 spaced fromleft upright member 19 and in general alignment therewith. Theframe 12 further includes, in this example, aleft support member 54 and aright support member 52. Thesupport members - FIG. 1 is an example of an
exercise system 8 comprising anexercise device 10 that is linked to amonitoring assembly 100. - The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 illustrates that
exercise system 8 of the present invention has amonitoring assembly 100 comprising (i) aconsole 200 linked to theframe 12 ofdevice 10; and (ii) electrodes electrically coupled to theconsole 200. Theconsole 200 is positioned between theleft upright member 19 and theright upright member 21 such that a user may easily view theconsole 200 when the user is positioned on theendless belt 24. Theconsole 200 has operating controls that may be controlled by a user to operate thetreadmill 10. Theconsole 200 further includes one or more displays that may be used by the user to identify various parameters associated with the exercise being performed. Although references made to theconsole 200 as being disposed betweenupright members console 200 may be coupled to only one of theupright members upright members - The
console 200, in this illustration, is connected to ahandle 202 and ahandle 204. The handles may be integrally coupled to theconsole 200 or coupled thereto through a variety of different manners. In this example, electrodes for one or more biometric sensors are mounted inhandles console 200. Thehandles handles handles - A processor (not shown) included in the
console 200 analyzes the signals from the electrodes to determine the biometric being measured. In this example, thehandles handle frame 12. - In another embodiment that is also illustrated in FIG. 1, electrodes for the biometric sensors are mounted in the
support members frame 12, theconsole 200, or more generally exercisedevice 10. The electrodes may also be configured to be held directly by a user or may be located in one or more handheld devices that are separate from the exercise device but in communication with theconsole 200. This may enable the user to more easily hold the electrodes while the user's biometrics are measured. - FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a
monitoring assembly 100 that includes aconsole 200. Themonitoring assembly 100, may be linked to the frame 12 (FIG. 1) of theexercise device 10. Theconsole 200 includes biometric sensors that may detect and measure various biometrics that include, but are not limited to, user's percent body fat and a user's heart rate. In this example, the biometric sensors are mounted in theconsole 200 and the electrodes are integrated with thehandles handles handles console 200. Alternatively, the handles can be mounted on the frame or operable member of the exercise device. - In an alternative embodiment, the biometric sensors may be mounted directly in the frame12 (FIG. 1) of the exercise device or other suitable location as previously stated. The electrodes embedded in
handles handles respective handle handles handles - In one embodiment, the body fat sensor is electrically coupled to an
electrode 210, anelectrode 208 and one or more reference electrodes. The reference electrode may have a plurality of reference electrode contacts 214 a-b. The reference electrode contacts 214 a-b have the same potential on both thehandle 202 and thehandle 204 and serve as a reference for theelectrodes electrode 206 and anelectrode 209. In this example, the heart rate sensor and the body fat sensor utilize the same reference electrode contacts 214 a-b. - Alternatively, the heart rate sensor and the body fat sensor do not share the same reference electrode contacts. In this example, each sensor would have a reference electrode contact that is separate from the reference electrode contact of the other sensor(s). For instance, each of the reference electrodes214 a-b could be separated into two separate electrodes. In such an alternate embodiment, the electrodes, 206, 210, 208, and 209 would be associated with a separate reference electrode contact.
- The
electrodes handle 202 and theelectrodes handle 204 are positioned such that a user's hands contact the relevant electrodes when the user grips thehandles electrode 210 and theelectrode contact 214 a while the user's other hand is in contact with theelectrode 208 and theelectrode contact 214 b. In one such embodiment, theelectrodes - When the user is grasping the
handles electrode 210 and be detected at theelectrode 208, however it is understood that the opposite case is also possible. The signal passed through the user's body is typically dependent on the biometric being measured. - In another embodiment of the present invention, the same electrodes may be used to measure different biometrics or other measurable characteristic or property of the human body. The
console 200, for example, may have a control that determines which biometric is being measured by the electrodes. In this embodiment, theelectrodes electrodes console 200 to activate a different sensor, which also deactivates the other sensors such that a single sensor is active. One of the sensors may be active by default. - The
console 200 includesinputs input 220, when depressed by a user, activates the body fat sensor while deactivating the heart rate sensor. The user then grips the handles so that each hand is in contact with the appropriate electrodes as described above and a signal is input to the user's body through theelectrode 210 in one configuration. The signal, after passing through the body of the user, is measured at theelectrode 208. From the signal, the impedance of the user is determined; the impedance is usually expressed in ohms. The impedance is then used by theconsole 200 to determine the user's body fat or body fat percentage. - Body fat content as a percentage of total body weight may be measured by measuring the body's electrical impedance. The body's impedance can be measured, for example, between the individual's feet, between the foot and arm, or across the trunk of an individual. Measuring a person's impedance is based, in one embodiment, on the different electrical properties of various biological tissues at different signal frequencies. Tissues that contain a lot of water and electrolytes, such as muscle, are highly conductive. Fat, bone, and air-filled spaces such as the lungs are more resistive. The volume of these tissues may thus be determined from measurements of their combined resistances.
- In one embodiment, before the impedance may be used to determine the user's body fat percentage, the user enters user data into the
console 200 using auser input 250. In one example, the user data includes, but is not limited to, height, weight, sex, and/or age data. Theconsole 200 includes components such as a processor, memory, and software that permit various types of data to be stored and used. The user data can be stored, for example, in a look up table or other data structure. Also, user data for more than one user can be stored and accessed as needed when a biometric such as body fat is being determined. - In another embodiment, the
console 200 provides a connection over a computer network such as the Internet that permits a user's data to be stored remotely. The user data, for example, may be stored as a remote web site that tracks and analyses the user data. The data generated by the biometric sensors may also be stored either on the console or at a remote location. - The
console 200 is able to store a user's data once the data is entered andconsole 200 is also able to store data for more than one user. Before exercising, a user may useuser input 250 to scroll through a list of the users stored by theconsole 200 until the appropriate user is found. The user can use the enter button of theuser input 250 to select the displayed user so that any measurements taken during the exercise session are associated with the that user. At this point, the console is prepared to measure a user's biometrics. - In one embodiment, when the user depresses the
measure input 220, the electrodes inhandles display 230 to grip handles 202 and 204 such that the user's hands are in contact with the electrodes. If the electrodes are mounted in one or more handheld devices or component or on the frame, then the user is instructed to grip the handheld devices or component or the frame. Next, the body fat sensor measures the impedance or resistance of the user and the body fat percentage is computed by theconsole 200 using, in one embodiment, a regression analysis, performed by various hardware and/or software components and modules. - The regression analysis applied to a particular user may depend on the sex of the user and/or other characteristics. In one embodiment, the user's sex and body mass index (BMI) are used to identify the appropriate regression analysis. For example, if the body mass index (BMI) of a female user is greater than 28 a first regression analysis may be performed. If the BMI of the female user is less than 21, a second regression analysis may be performed. If the BMI of the female user is between21 and 28, then the results of the first regression analysis and the second regression analysis may be combined or averaged. A similar approach may be performed for male users. As the BMI of the user changes, the regression analysis used to determine the user's body fat may changes as well. Thus, the system stores and updates the BMI of each user periodically or when the user enters a new weight value. By storing current and historical values of each user's BMI, the present invention is also able to display a user's progress in terms of the user's BMI.
- The regression analysis often utilizes height of the user, the weight of the user, and the resistance of the user as measured by the body fat sensor to determine the user's percent body fat. The regression analysis may also incorporate the age of the user in some instances. In one embodiment, the following regression analysis is used to determine a user's body fat. In this example:
- FFM=Fat Free Mass;
- BW=Body Weight in kilograms;
- HT=height in centimeters;
- R=resistance in ohms;
- BMI=Body Mass Index=BW/HT2;
- % BF=Percent Body Fat; and
- % BF=(100*((BW−FFM)/BW))).
- For women whose BMI<21,
- FM=0.000646(HT)2−0.014(R)+0.421(BM)+10.4. (1)
- For women whose BMI>28,
- FFM=0.00091186(HT)2−0.01466(R)+0.29990(BW)−0.07012(age)+9.937938. (2)
- Equations (1) and (2) are averaged for a woman where 22<BMI<27.
- For a man whose BMI<21,
- FFM=0.00066360(HT)2−0.02117(R)+0.62854(BW)−0.12390(Age)+9.33285 (3)
- For a man whose BMI>38,
- FFM=0.0008858(HT)2−0.02999(R)+0.42688(BW)−)0.07002(Age)+14.52435 (4)
- Equations (3) and (4) are averaged for a man where 22<BMI <27.
- After the body fat percentage is determined, it is displayed to the user using a
sensor display 240, such as one or more LCD displays or other displays capable of displaying data visually to a user. Thesensor display 240 is also used, in one embodiment, to display the heart rate of the user as determined by the heart rate sensor. Alternatively, the body fat percentage or other biometric may be displayed on a different portion of thedisplay 230. - As a user continues to use the exercise device over time and measure his or her biometrics, the
console 200 stores values of the user's biometrics. Theprogress input 224 may be used to display a history of recent measurements or to provide a user with an indication of how he or she is progressing. For body fat measurements, thegraphical display 240 may display a visual representation of how the user's body fat percentage has changed over a particular period of time. - For instance, the display may be a bar chart, pie chart, or other visual representation of the user's biometrics. In one embodiment, the user's initial body fat measurement and current body fat measurement are displayed. This gives the user an indication of their overall progress. Alternatively, body fat measurements for a specific period of time may be displayed, thus displaying the user's progress for the specific time period. This enables, for example, a user to track their progress over the last month. In addition, the user's progress may be displayed in terms of time, workout, weight, body fat percentage, and the like.
- The
program input 222, such as a switch, button, or other controller, utilizes the user's data along with their body fat measurement(s) to identify and suggest an exercise program for the user. This aspect of theconsole 200 uses the body fat measurement in combination with a user's lifestyle to provide or recommend a workout routine. A user may be provided with different options that recommend fat grams, carbohydrate grams, total calories, and the like along with a workout routine. For example, if the lifestyle of a user is to lose weight, then the workout routine is configured accordingly. If a user, on the other hand, simply desires to maintain their current weight, then the workout routine is recommended accordingly. - In one embodiment, when a user begins to use an exercise system in accordance with the present invention, the user provides user data (height, weight, age, sex, etc.) to the exercise system. The user provides user data, for example, by inputting the user data through the
console 200. The user is prompted to update the user data periodically or the user can update the user data at any time without being prompted. The biometrics measured by the body fat monitor and the heart rate monitor can be stored and included in the user data. In one embodiment, as a user exercises, body fat measurements, heart rate measurements, BMI, and the like are added to or associated with the user data input by the user. As previously stated, the historical values of the biometric measurements can be displayed to the user to demonstrate the user's progress. When a user exercises, the duration of the exercise session, the calories burned, and other information generated by the exercise session can become part of or is associated with the user data. The historical data or values, for example, may include the amount of belt revolutions and belt speed on a treadmill, the amount of revolutions of the pedal assembly of an exercise bike, and the like. The program input can also utilize the user data to provide a particular workout routine for the user or to provide a workout routine that uses biometric ranges such as a target heart rate. - For example, when the user depresses the program input, the monitoring assembly can provide a workout routine using a portion of the user data such as the BMI. Alternatively, the monitoring assembly can consider the user's weight, height, and historical values of body fat to provide a workout routine. The workout routine provides by the monitoring assembly can also be affected by the information that is generated by the user's exercise sessions, such as historical data reflecting how much the user has used the exercise device. One of skill in the art can appreciate that the workout routine can be provided or recommended using the user data in a variety of different combinations.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the
monitoring assembly 100. In FIG. 3, abiometric circuitry 300 may include, but is not limited to, aheart rate sensor 302 and abody fat sensor 304. Theheart rate sensor 302 and thebody fat sensor 304 are both connected to areference electrode 307. Thereference electrode 307 may include one or more reference electrode contacts as illustrated byreference electrode contacts e.g. electrodes 206, 209) while thebody fat sensor 304 is connected to the electrodes 309 (e.g. electrodes 208, 210). Each sensor, when active, generates a signal that is adapted for use with a user's body. Theheart rate sensor 302, for example, uses theelectrodes signal processor 306 is able to convert the data or signal from theheart rate sensor 302 into a heart rate. Thesignal processor 306 utilizes the signal or data received from thebody fat sensor 304 to generate a resistance or impedance of the user. - A
biometric processor 310 receives data from thebiometric circuitry 300 and displays the measured biometric data ondisplay biometric processor 310 receives an impedance from thesignal processor 306. Thebiometric processor 310 uses the impedance determined by thebody fat sensor 304, in combination withuser data 312 andregression data 314, to compute and display the user's body fat percentage on thedisplay 240 or thedisplay 230. As previously indicated, the heart rate sensor, the body fat sensor, and other biometric sensors are configured such that they share at least one common electrode in one embodiment. In another embodiment, the electrodes are common to all biometric sensors but only one sensor is active at a time. - In another embodiment, the functionality of the
signal processor 306 may be collapsed intobiometric processor 310. This permits a single processor to compute all of the biometrics that may be measured using theconsole 200. Alternatively, the functionality of the signal processor can be collapsed into thebody fat sensor 304 and/or theheart rate sensor 306. - FIG. 3 further illustrates an example of a
processing assembly 315. Theprocessing assembly 315 includes thebody fat sensor 304, thesignal processor 306 and thebiometric processor 310. The processing assembly is able to determine a user's body fat percentage as previously described. Abody fat monitor 317, which includes theprocessing assembly 315, thedisplay 240, thereference electrode 307, and theelectrodes 309, conveys the body fat percentage to the user. The body fat monitor also conveys other data to the user as previously described. - The present invention can also monitor the BMI of multiple users using a BMI monitor which is included in the monitoring assembly. The BMI is computed using the height and weight of a user as defined previously. As a user exercises, the user data, including the weight, is updated at times by the user or by prompting from the BMI monitor through the display of the monitoring assembly. The user typically updates his or her weight as his or her weight changes over time. As the user's weight changes, the BMI of the user also changes. The BMI of each user is stored by the BMI monitor and can be displayed to the user. In addition, historical values of each user's BMI is also stored by the BMI monitor. Thus, the progress of the user in terms of BMI can also be displayed to the user.
- The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
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PCT/US2003/034202 WO2004078281A1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-10-28 | Exercise device with body fat monitor |
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