US20040194794A1 - Artificial nail containing liquid - Google Patents
Artificial nail containing liquid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040194794A1 US20040194794A1 US10/406,097 US40609703A US2004194794A1 US 20040194794 A1 US20040194794 A1 US 20040194794A1 US 40609703 A US40609703 A US 40609703A US 2004194794 A1 US2004194794 A1 US 2004194794A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- artificial nail
- liquid portion
- edge
- nail according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D31/00—Artificial nails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C15/00—Other forms of jewellery
- A44C15/0045—Jewellery specially adapted to be worn on a specific part of the body not fully provided for in groups A44C1/00 - A44C9/00
- A44C15/0075—Jewellery specially adapted to be worn on a specific part of the body not fully provided for in groups A44C1/00 - A44C9/00 on the hand or nails
- A44C15/008—Jewellery specially adapted to be worn on a specific part of the body not fully provided for in groups A44C1/00 - A44C9/00 on the hand or nails on the nails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D29/00—Manicuring or pedicuring implements
- A45D29/18—Manicure or pedicure sets, e.g. combinations without case, etui, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
Definitions
- the invention relates in general to artificial fingernails and toenails. More particularly, this invention relates to an artificial nail containing liquid to produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- Artificial nails are frequently used to enhance the appearance of natural fingernails and toenails.
- An artificial nail is usually a thin, plastic material applied on top of a natural fingernail or toenail.
- the plastic material typically has color similar to a natural nail.
- Artificial nails are manufactured in numerous shapes and sizes to accommodate the natural nails of different people.
- nail polish or adhesive designs can be applied to the nail to produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- bright-colored nail polish can be used to decorate the artificial fingernail.
- small stickers or painted designs can be applied to further embellish the nail.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,813, Carroll discloses an artificial fingernail molded with an inlay on its top surface.
- the fingernail is colored to simulate the style of a French fingernail, with lighter colored cuticle and tip end portions and a darker color central portion.
- a fingernail-shaped base member is molded of a first, lighter color, preferably translucent, and an inlay of a second, darker color, preferably opaque, is molded into a top surface of the base member to produce areas of different color resulting in the desired fingernail style. Secure attachment of the inlay to the base member is insured by provision of a mechanical lock between the base member and the inlay.
- the present invention has a liquid layer that adds to the cosmetic design of the nail.
- Carroll uses an inlay, which is not liquid, to increase decorative appeal.
- Carroll cannot achieve the cosmetic effect associated with liquid.
- one object of the present invention is to provide an artificial nail with a cosmetic design incorporated into it.
- a second object of the invention is to provide an artificial nail with more than one layer.
- a third object of the invention is to provide an artificial nail with a liquid portion.
- the invention provides an artificial fingernail molded to contain liquid.
- the edge of a first layer is joined to the edge of a second layer.
- a liquid portion is positioned in between the first layer and the second layer. The color and composition of the liquid portion, along with decorative objects placed in the liquid portion, produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- FIG. 1 is a side plan view of an artificial fingernail produced in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention
- FIG. 4 is a top view of a second embodiment as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention
- FIG. 1 a side plan view of an artificial fingernail 10 produced in accordance with the invention is shown. Artificial nail 10 is formed with a top layer 12 , a bottom layer 11 and a liquid portion 14 occupying the clearance area between the two layers.
- liquid portion 14 may include decorative objects 13 made of plastic, paper, or other material.
- Decorative objects 13 come in a variety of shapes, including stars, circles, polygons, and hearts.
- different colors, levels of clarity, and levels of viscosity for liquid portion 14 may be used. Levels of clarity range from transparent to fluorescent to opaque. Fluorescent material is used for luminescence in the dark.
- Liquids of different viscosity include thinner liquids like water, liquids like oil and thicker gravy-like liquids.
- liquid portion 14 may include air to allow for the movement of liquid and decorative objects 13 . A combination of air, water and other liquids, along with an assigned color for each liquid, may also be used to produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- top layer 12 and bottom layer 11 may be molded out of a completely transparent material or a translucent material simulating the natural color of a natural fingernail. The transparent nature allows liquid portion 14 to be seen through top layer 12 .
- Top layer 12 and bottom layer 11 may comprise those materials commonly employed in the manufacture of artificial fingernails, i.e., ABS plastic, nylon, or vinyl acetate.
- top layer 12 or bottom layer 11 may be a transparent color.
- top layer 12 or bottom layer 11 may be a solid color. Any combination of colors and transparencies for top layer 12 and bottom layer 11 can be used to produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- Top layer 12 and bottom, layer 11 form the shape of a natural fingernail, allowing for a proper fit with a natural fingernail.
- FIG. 3 a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention is shown.
- the edge of top layer 12 and the edge of bottom layer 11 are joined along border 21 by glueing, melting or otherwise attaching the two edges. If liquid portion 14 contains air, movement of finger 20 will cause liquid portion 14 and decorative objects to move within artificial fingernail 10 . If liquid portion 14 does not contain air, liquid portion 14 may not move within artificial fingernail 10 , but decorative objects 13 may still move within liquid portion 14 .
- top layer 12 and bottom layer 11 may contain air and no liquid.
- Decorative objects 13 may be placed and can move within the chamber formed by joining top layer 12 to bottom layer 11 .
- FIG. 4 a top view of a second embodiment as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention is shown.
- liquid portion 14 only occupies the area covering finger 20 .
- Nail tip 30 does not contain liquid. Instead, nail tip 30 is solid, with no space between top layer 12 and bottom layer 11 . Nail tip 30 may be thinner than the area covering finger 20 .
- nail tip 30 may be molded out of a translucent material simulating the natural color of a natural fingernail.
- Nail tip 30 may comprise those materials commonly employed in the manufacture of artificial fingernails, i.e., ABS plastic, nylon, or vinyl acetate.
Abstract
An artificial fingernail is molded to contain liquid. According to the invention, the edge of a first layer is joined to the edge of a second layer. A liquid portion is positioned in between the first layer and the second layer. The color and composition of the liquid portion, along with decorative objects placed in the liquid portion, produce a desired cosmetic effect.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention relates in general to artificial fingernails and toenails. More particularly, this invention relates to an artificial nail containing liquid to produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Artificial nails are frequently used to enhance the appearance of natural fingernails and toenails. An artificial nail is usually a thin, plastic material applied on top of a natural fingernail or toenail. The plastic material typically has color similar to a natural nail. Artificial nails are manufactured in numerous shapes and sizes to accommodate the natural nails of different people.
- After applying an artificial nail, nail polish or adhesive designs can be applied to the nail to produce a desired cosmetic effect. For example, bright-colored nail polish can be used to decorate the artificial fingernail. In addition, small stickers or painted designs can be applied to further embellish the nail.
- Artificial fingernails and toenails pose two considerable problems. First, decorative methods such as nail polish, paint, or adhesives require significant care, skill, and time to apply. Additionally, only the outside surface of an artificial nail can be decorated, limiting the possibilities of cosmetic effects.
- Accordingly, there is need for an artificial nail manufactured capable of achieving a decorative design without having to exercise the degree of care, skill, and time typically needed. In addition, there is need for an artificial nail with different decorative designs.
- In U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,813, Carroll discloses an artificial fingernail molded with an inlay on its top surface. In a preferred embodiment, the fingernail is colored to simulate the style of a French fingernail, with lighter colored cuticle and tip end portions and a darker color central portion. According to the invention, a fingernail-shaped base member is molded of a first, lighter color, preferably translucent, and an inlay of a second, darker color, preferably opaque, is molded into a top surface of the base member to produce areas of different color resulting in the desired fingernail style. Secure attachment of the inlay to the base member is insured by provision of a mechanical lock between the base member and the inlay.
- Unlike Carroll, the present invention has a liquid layer that adds to the cosmetic design of the nail. Carroll uses an inlay, which is not liquid, to increase decorative appeal. Carroll cannot achieve the cosmetic effect associated with liquid.
- Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide an artificial nail with a cosmetic design incorporated into it.
- A second object of the invention is to provide an artificial nail with more than one layer.
- A third object of the invention is to provide an artificial nail with a liquid portion.
- To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides an artificial fingernail molded to contain liquid. According to the invention, the edge of a first layer is joined to the edge of a second layer. A liquid portion is positioned in between the first layer and the second layer. The color and composition of the liquid portion, along with decorative objects placed in the liquid portion, produce a desired cosmetic effect.
- Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
- FIG. 1 is a side plan view of an artificial fingernail produced in accordance with the invention;
- FIG. 2 is a front plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention;
- FIG. 4 is a top view of a second embodiment as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention;
- Referring now to FIG. 1, a side plan view of an
artificial fingernail 10 produced in accordance with the invention is shown.Artificial nail 10 is formed with atop layer 12, abottom layer 11 and aliquid portion 14 occupying the clearance area between the two layers. - Still referring to FIG. 1,
liquid portion 14 may includedecorative objects 13 made of plastic, paper, or other material.Decorative objects 13 come in a variety of shapes, including stars, circles, polygons, and hearts. In addition, different colors, levels of clarity, and levels of viscosity forliquid portion 14 may be used. Levels of clarity range from transparent to fluorescent to opaque. Fluorescent material is used for luminescence in the dark. Liquids of different viscosity include thinner liquids like water, liquids like oil and thicker gravy-like liquids. Furthermore,liquid portion 14 may include air to allow for the movement of liquid anddecorative objects 13. A combination of air, water and other liquids, along with an assigned color for each liquid, may also be used to produce a desired cosmetic effect. - With reference to FIG. 1,
top layer 12 andbottom layer 11 may be molded out of a completely transparent material or a translucent material simulating the natural color of a natural fingernail. The transparent nature allowsliquid portion 14 to be seen throughtop layer 12.Top layer 12 andbottom layer 11 may comprise those materials commonly employed in the manufacture of artificial fingernails, i.e., ABS plastic, nylon, or vinyl acetate. - Still referring to FIG. 1,
top layer 12 orbottom layer 11 may be a transparent color. Alternatively,top layer 12 orbottom layer 11 may be a solid color. Any combination of colors and transparencies fortop layer 12 andbottom layer 11 can be used to produce a desired cosmetic effect. - Referring now to FIG. 2, a front plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 is shown.
Top layer 12 and bottom,layer 11 form the shape of a natural fingernail, allowing for a proper fit with a natural fingernail. - Referring now to FIG. 3, a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention is shown. The edge of
top layer 12 and the edge ofbottom layer 11 are joined alongborder 21 by glueing, melting or otherwise attaching the two edges. Ifliquid portion 14 contains air, movement offinger 20 will causeliquid portion 14 and decorative objects to move withinartificial fingernail 10. Ifliquid portion 14 does not contain air,liquid portion 14 may not move withinartificial fingernail 10, butdecorative objects 13 may still move withinliquid portion 14. - In an alternative embodiment, the area formed between
top layer 12 andbottom layer 11 may contain air and no liquid.Decorative objects 13 may be placed and can move within the chamber formed by joiningtop layer 12 tobottom layer 11. - With reference to FIG. 4, a top view of a second embodiment as combined with a natural fingernail in an assembly according to the invention is shown. In this embodiment,
liquid portion 14 only occupies thearea covering finger 20.Nail tip 30 does not contain liquid. Instead,nail tip 30 is solid, with no space betweentop layer 12 andbottom layer 11.Nail tip 30 may be thinner than thearea covering finger 20. - Still referring to FIG. 4,
nail tip 30 may be molded out of a translucent material simulating the natural color of a natural fingernail.Nail tip 30 may comprise those materials commonly employed in the manufacture of artificial fingernails, i.e., ABS plastic, nylon, or vinyl acetate. - Other embodiments of the invention will appear to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. For example, the present invention may be used with equal success in the application of artificial toenails. It is intended that the specification and examples to be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (20)
1. An artificial nail for use on a natural nail comprising:
a first layer having a first edge;
a second layer having a second edge, the first edge being joined to the second edge; and
a liquid portion positioned in between the first layer and the second layer.
2. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the second layer affixes to the natural nail.
3. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the first layer is clear.
4. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the first layer is opaque.
5. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the first layer is colored.
6. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the second layer is clear.
7. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the second layer is opaque.
8. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the second layer is colored.
9. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein an adhesive joins the first edge and the second edge to seal in the liquid portion.
10. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the first edge is melted to the second edge to seal in the liquid portion.
11. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion is colored.
12. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion is transparent.
13. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion is opaque.
14. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion is a gravy material.
15. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion is a combination of two or more liquids.
16. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion is a fluorescent material.
17. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion further comprises decorative objects.
18. The artificial nail according to claim 1 wherein the liquid portion further comprises air to allow for movement.
19. The artificial nail according to claim 1 further comprising a nail tip with no liquid contained therein.
20. An artificial nail for use on a natural nail comprising:
a first layer having a first edge;
a second layer having a second edge, the first edge being joined to the second edge; and
a set of decorative objects positioned in between the first layer and the second layer.
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/406,097 US20040194794A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2003-04-02 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
JP2003329269A JP2004305694A (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2003-09-22 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
TW093106924A TW200420248A (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-16 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
MXPA05007819A MXPA05007819A (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | Artificial nail containing liquid. |
PCT/US2004/010136 WO2004089151A2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
KR1020057017069A KR20050113224A (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
CA002476151A CA2476151A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
RU2005117973/12A RU2005117973A (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | ARTIFICIAL NAIL CONTAINING LIQUID |
EP04749643A EP1605794A4 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
CNA2004800002247A CN1697615A (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-03-31 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
US11/081,371 US20050155617A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2005-03-15 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/406,097 US20040194794A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2003-04-02 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/081,371 Continuation-In-Part US20050155617A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2005-03-15 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040194794A1 true US20040194794A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
Family
ID=33097249
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/406,097 Abandoned US20040194794A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2003-04-02 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
US11/081,371 Abandoned US20050155617A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2005-03-15 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/081,371 Abandoned US20050155617A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2005-03-15 | Artificial nail containing liquid |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040194794A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1605794A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004305694A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050113224A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1697615A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2476151A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05007819A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2005117973A (en) |
TW (1) | TW200420248A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004089151A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080289643A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2008-11-27 | French-Artis Traska J | Decorative Nail With Sealed Cavity |
US20100000556A1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2010-01-07 | Lumica Corporation | Glowing artificial nail |
US20110132383A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Tran Quoc N | Layered fingernail extension |
CN102100437A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | 天津市华颖印刷有限公司 | Bilayer art nail |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090241976A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Kmc Exim Corp. | Artificial nail/tip arrangements having multiple sections |
KR101232073B1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2013-02-12 | 장성용 | Artificial nail/tip arrangements having multiple sections |
KR101108138B1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2012-01-31 | 장성용 | Artificial nail and manufacturing method of artificial nail |
CN102138724A (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-03 | 天津珍熙美容实业有限公司 | Artificial nail and manufacturing method thereof |
KR101270256B1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-06-04 | 서종근 | Artificial Nail |
RU2512056C1 (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-04-10 | Сун-Ён ЧХАН | Dust-proof false nail |
KR102530390B1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2023-05-08 | 황윤실 | Artificial nail |
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2003
- 2003-04-02 US US10/406,097 patent/US20040194794A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-22 JP JP2003329269A patent/JP2004305694A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-03-16 TW TW093106924A patent/TW200420248A/en unknown
- 2004-03-31 CN CNA2004800002247A patent/CN1697615A/en active Pending
- 2004-03-31 RU RU2005117973/12A patent/RU2005117973A/en unknown
- 2004-03-31 WO PCT/US2004/010136 patent/WO2004089151A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-31 KR KR1020057017069A patent/KR20050113224A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-31 MX MXPA05007819A patent/MXPA05007819A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-31 EP EP04749643A patent/EP1605794A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-31 CA CA002476151A patent/CA2476151A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-03-15 US US11/081,371 patent/US20050155617A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US5975087A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-11-02 | Sung Yong Chang | Artificial nail overlay and method of printing the overlay |
US20010032655A1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2001-10-25 | Morris E. Cohen | Cosmetics apparatus |
US6455140B1 (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2002-09-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Visible mirror film glitter |
US6106129A (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2000-08-22 | Omniglow Corporation | Chemiluminescent device having particles with secondary fluorescer for enhance illumination |
US6631723B1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2003-10-14 | Make Ideas, Inc. | Artificial nails with three dimensional features |
US20040033325A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2004-02-19 | Shea Kim M. | Body applique |
US20030208895A1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Kmc Exim Corp. | Heat-stamped metallic artificial nail |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20080289643A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2008-11-27 | French-Artis Traska J | Decorative Nail With Sealed Cavity |
US7856993B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2010-12-28 | French-Artis Traska J | Decorative nail with sealed cavity |
US20100000556A1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2010-01-07 | Lumica Corporation | Glowing artificial nail |
US20110132383A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Tran Quoc N | Layered fingernail extension |
CN102100437A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | 天津市华颖印刷有限公司 | Bilayer art nail |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1605794A2 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
CN1697615A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
CA2476151A1 (en) | 2004-10-02 |
US20050155617A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
JP2004305694A (en) | 2004-11-04 |
TW200420248A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
WO2004089151A3 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
KR20050113224A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
RU2005117973A (en) | 2006-01-20 |
WO2004089151A2 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
EP1605794A4 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
MXPA05007819A (en) | 2005-10-18 |
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