US20050002659A1 - Radiant electric heating element - Google Patents
Radiant electric heating element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050002659A1 US20050002659A1 US10/820,401 US82040104A US2005002659A1 US 20050002659 A1 US20050002659 A1 US 20050002659A1 US 82040104 A US82040104 A US 82040104A US 2005002659 A1 US2005002659 A1 US 2005002659A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- track
- ceramic
- base plate
- heating element
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION concerns radiant electric heating elements particularly, though not exclusively, for heating food products where the heating element is disposed closely against the product to be heated. Such an application would be a bread toasting appliance so that the heating element is producing radiant heat in a dry environment to toast the bread.
- the heating elements have consisted of an electrical resistance wire of a suitable resistance value wound round either a mica plate supported in a metal frame or on a suitable length of ceramic rod or a spiral heating element enclosed in a quartz tube. They are delicate and easily damaged.
- a metal wire grid is inserted and spaced at a suitable and safe distance from the heating element, thus preventing the user from sustaining an electric shock.
- the grid centres the toasting material and acts both as a reflector and absorber of the energy thus reducing by a not insignificant factor the energy being received by the bread.
- the above method of toasting relies essentially on the radiation of heat from the heating elements, with the minor assistance of convection. This consumes relatively high amounts of energy for the required task.
- a radiant electric heating element comprising a base plate, a first ceramic track printed on at least one face of the base plate, an electrically conductive heating track printed on the surface of the first ceramic track lying remote from the base plate, and a second ceramic track printed on the heating track thus with the first ceramic track to surround and seal the heating track, terminal means being connected to the heating track for connecting same to a supply of electrical power.
- a toast making appliance comprising at least one radiant electric heating element as aforesaid, including means for supporting at least one slice of bread in close proximity to the heating element, even in direct contact therewith.
- the technique proposed here is that the toasting of bread can be improved by moving it closer to and almost in touch with the printed heating element.
- the printed heating element is fabricated on a thin plate of a suitably selected grade of stainless steel after a cleaning procedure that ensures the steel surface is free of any contaminants.
- two or more such plates are placed in parallel.
- the distance between them and the power-on time of the plates determines the user's toast requirements. These are user adjustable before and/or after inserting the material to be toasted.
- the method of determining the degree of toasting can be either manual, or automatic.
- the manual type will have its energising power controlled by an adjustable time switch which can be either electronic or mechanical, whilst the automatic type will have its energising power controlled by a user-adjustable browning level detector.
- An infrared emitter-receiver scanning detector may act as a browning sensor.
- the infrared beam is directed to, and at suitable positions on, the surface of the material being toasted, monitoring the change in colour.
- the colour setting control then activates completing the process. It may be that the material to be toasted starts with a different colouring thus having a different rate of change of colour. This difference in the final colour of the toasted material is set by auto-zeroing the initial conditions at each and every toasting process.
- a heating element can be printed either in single or multiple tracks, either on one side or both sides, meandered in such a fashion as both to cover the whole area of the plate and to ensure a power distribution over the plate for an even toasting of the material.
- FIG. 1 is an elevation of a radiant electric heating element made in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken on line II-II of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 1 a heating element configured for a side-by-side toasting is shown in FIG. 1 indicating the heating element track(s) ( 5 ) of suitable width printed on a relatively wider ceramic track ( 3 ) ( FIG. 2 ) with the same configuration which is itself printed on a stainless steel plate ( 2 ) having a low thermal mass. It is then covered with a high temperature insulating material ( 4 ), usually the same material as is used for printing the ceramic track(s), the electrically conducting resistance track ( 5 ) thus becomes hermetically sealed.
- a high temperature insulating material 4
- the toast can be in direct contact with the heating element itself as the heating element is electrically insulated from the toast.
- Electrical connections ( 1 ) for the supply of power can be by means of either spring contact, or by insulating fasteners, or by soldering.
- the ceramic insulating layers ( 3 , 4 ) protect the user from coming into contact with the electrically conducting track ( 5 ) and thus prevents the risk of an electric shock.
- means may be provided for effecting relative movement of the several heating elements towards and away from each other thus, selectively, to open or close the gap between the elements and thus the distance therefrom of the slices of bread.
- the thickness of the stainless steel plate ( 2 ) will be in the region of 0.5 m while the ceramic tracks will each be in the region of 75 microns in thickness surrounding the heating track which will be in the region of 0.3 to 1 microns in thickness.
- a further layer ( 6 ) of dielectric substrate may be applied to the face of the stainless steel plate ( 2 ) remote from that to which the tracks ( 3 ) and ( 5 ) are applied, in order to assist in preventing the stainless steel plate from warping.
- the whole assembly is preferably bonded as a composite unit.
- An element made in accordance with the invention may generate a temperature in the region 300° C. to 400° C. thus rapidly to toast bread placed in close proximity therewith.
- Material which may typically be used for the construction of such a heating element are ceramified glass for the dielectric ceramic tracks; silver, palladium or platinum for the conductive heating track, and the stainless steel base may be of the type having a chromium content of 17%, such a material being known by the reference number 430317 stainless steel.
Abstract
A radiant electric heating element for use in a toast making appliance comprising a base plate (2) of stainless steel to one or each face of which there is printed a first ceramic track (3) with an electrically conductive track (5) printed on the face thereof remote from the base plate (2), and a second ceramic track (4) is printed upon and surrounds the heating track (5) thus hermetically to seal same between the two ceramic tracks. Such an element provides adequate radiant heat for efficiently toasting bread while the bread may be in direct contact with the element but is electrically insulated therefrom by the second ceramic track (4). By providing a further ceramic coating (6) on the opposed face of the base plate (2), mechanical integrity is maintained to prevent warping of the element and thus uneven toasting.
Description
- THIS INVENTION concerns radiant electric heating elements particularly, though not exclusively, for heating food products where the heating element is disposed closely against the product to be heated. Such an application would be a bread toasting appliance so that the heating element is producing radiant heat in a dry environment to toast the bread.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiant electric heating element in which the useful life of the element is expected to be increased, and which will operate on reduced power consumption while ensuring safer user operation and the inherent ability for the element to be cleaned.
- Electrical toast making appliances, both manual and automatic have been around for many years, they were in the main constructed of a wire wound heating element embodied in a mechanism in such a manner that the material to be toasted is inserted at a suitable distance between and away from the heating elements, so as not to come into contact therewith. To overcome the disadvantage of large separation between the heating element and the toasting material, additional energy is required. Toasters are either manual or automatic. Manual toasters consist of a mechanical switch timer with a manual insert/ejector, whilst automatic toasters have an indirect browning sensor triggering a toasting material ejector to raise the bread slice to a level of safe accessibility.
- Traditionally, the heating elements have consisted of an electrical resistance wire of a suitable resistance value wound round either a mica plate supported in a metal frame or on a suitable length of ceramic rod or a spiral heating element enclosed in a quartz tube. They are delicate and easily damaged.
- To prevent the toasting material and the operator from coming in contact with the electrical conducting resistance wire a metal wire grid is inserted and spaced at a suitable and safe distance from the heating element, thus preventing the user from sustaining an electric shock. In addition, the grid centres the toasting material and acts both as a reflector and absorber of the energy thus reducing by a not insignificant factor the energy being received by the bread.
- The above method of toasting relies essentially on the radiation of heat from the heating elements, with the minor assistance of convection. This consumes relatively high amounts of energy for the required task.
- According to the present invention, there is provided a radiant electric heating element comprising a base plate, a first ceramic track printed on at least one face of the base plate, an electrically conductive heating track printed on the surface of the first ceramic track lying remote from the base plate, and a second ceramic track printed on the heating track thus with the first ceramic track to surround and seal the heating track, terminal means being connected to the heating track for connecting same to a supply of electrical power.
- Further according to the present invention there is provided a method of producing a radiant electric heating element according to any preceding claim, wherein the base plate is of stainless steel.
- Further according to the present invention there is providing a toast making appliance comprising at least one radiant electric heating element as aforesaid, including means for supporting at least one slice of bread in close proximity to the heating element, even in direct contact therewith.
- The technique proposed here is that the toasting of bread can be improved by moving it closer to and almost in touch with the printed heating element. The printed heating element is fabricated on a thin plate of a suitably selected grade of stainless steel after a cleaning procedure that ensures the steel surface is free of any contaminants.
- Preferably, two or more such plates are placed in parallel. The distance between them and the power-on time of the plates determines the user's toast requirements. These are user adjustable before and/or after inserting the material to be toasted.
- The method of determining the degree of toasting can be either manual, or automatic. The manual type will have its energising power controlled by an adjustable time switch which can be either electronic or mechanical, whilst the automatic type will have its energising power controlled by a user-adjustable browning level detector.
- An infrared emitter-receiver scanning detector may act as a browning sensor. In such a device, the infrared beam is directed to, and at suitable positions on, the surface of the material being toasted, monitoring the change in colour. The colour setting control then activates completing the process. It may be that the material to be toasted starts with a different colouring thus having a different rate of change of colour. This difference in the final colour of the toasted material is set by auto-zeroing the initial conditions at each and every toasting process.
- A heating element can be printed either in single or multiple tracks, either on one side or both sides, meandered in such a fashion as both to cover the whole area of the plate and to ensure a power distribution over the plate for an even toasting of the material.
- An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is an elevation of a radiant electric heating element made in accordance with the invention; - and
FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken on line II-II ofFIG. 1 . - By way of example, a heating element configured for a side-by-side toasting is shown in
FIG. 1 indicating the heating element track(s) (5) of suitable width printed on a relatively wider ceramic track (3) (FIG. 2 ) with the same configuration which is itself printed on a stainless steel plate (2) having a low thermal mass. It is then covered with a high temperature insulating material (4), usually the same material as is used for printing the ceramic track(s), the electrically conducting resistance track (5) thus becomes hermetically sealed. Such an arrangement essentially eliminates the use of a protective metal grid. The toast can be in direct contact with the heating element itself as the heating element is electrically insulated from the toast. Electrical connections (1) for the supply of power can be by means of either spring contact, or by insulating fasteners, or by soldering. - The ceramic insulating layers (3, 4) protect the user from coming into contact with the electrically conducting track (5) and thus prevents the risk of an electric shock.
- The use of printed heating elements in a toaster offers several advantages. For example, the electrical power required to toast bread can now be relatively reduced, and the mechanism for inserting and centring the toasting material becomes easier, including the not insignificant factor of cleanliness in that the plates can be wiped clean.
- There are instances where the user inserts other readily available kitchen utensils, knives forks, etc. to remove or adjust the toasting material, although these actions are momentarily convenient they may conventionally result in the user accidentally burning himself, but with the heating element being hermetically sealed it will prevent an electric shock, or destruction of the toaster elements which was a common event in wire wound toaster elements.
- By placing a pair of radiant electric heating elements according to the invention back-to-back slices of toast may be introduced between them so that both sides are toasted simultaneously, and by providing three such elements, two or more slices may be toasted at once.
- If required, means may be provided for effecting relative movement of the several heating elements towards and away from each other thus, selectively, to open or close the gap between the elements and thus the distance therefrom of the slices of bread.
- It is envisaged that the thickness of the stainless steel plate (2) will be in the region of 0.5 m while the ceramic tracks will each be in the region of 75 microns in thickness surrounding the heating track which will be in the region of 0.3 to 1 microns in thickness.
- Preferably, a further layer (6) of dielectric substrate may be applied to the face of the stainless steel plate (2) remote from that to which the tracks (3) and (5) are applied, in order to assist in preventing the stainless steel plate from warping.
- The whole assembly is preferably bonded as a composite unit.
- An element made in accordance with the invention may generate a temperature in the region 300° C. to 400° C. thus rapidly to toast bread placed in close proximity therewith.
- While this invention has been described in relation to a toast making appliance, it may equally be used for heating, by radiation, any other substance which may lie in close proximity therewith in a dry environment.
- Material which may typically be used for the construction of such a heating element are ceramified glass for the dielectric ceramic tracks; silver, palladium or platinum for the conductive heating track, and the stainless steel base may be of the type having a chromium content of 17%, such a material being known by the reference number 430317 stainless steel.
Claims (17)
1. A radiant electric heating element comprising a base plate, a first ceramic track printed on at least one face of the base plate, an electrically conductive heating track printed on the surface of the first ceramic track lying remote from the base plate, a second ceramic track printed on the heating track thus with the first ceramic track to surround and seal the heating track, terminal means being connected to the heating track for connecting same to a supply of electrical power.
2. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein both ceramic tracks are wider than the heating track.
3. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein the combined ceramic and heating tracks follow a meander pattern to cover a substantial area of the base plate.
4. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein a ceramic layer is printed or coated onto the face of the base plate remote from the ceramic and heating tracks.
5. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein the combined ceramic and heating tracks are printed on opposed faces of the base plate.
6. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein multiple combined ceramic and heating tracks are printed on opposed faces of the base plate.
7. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second ceramic tracks are formed from the same material.
8. The radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , wherein the base plate is of stainless steel.
9. A method of producing a radiant electric heating element, comprising the steps of providing a base plate, printing a first ceramic track on at least on face of the base plate, printing an electrically conductive heating track on the surface of the first ceramic track lying remote from the base plate, such that the heating track is electrically insulated therefrom, printing a second ceramic track on the heating track so that with the first ceramic track the heating track is surrounded and sealed by the first and second ceramic tracks, and providing terminal means for connection of the heating track to a supply of electric power.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the base plate is cleaned to ensure that the surface thereof is free of any contaminants, before printing thereon of the first ceramic track.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the combined ceramic and heating tracks are printed on opposed faces of the base plate.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein multiple combined ceramic and heating tracks are printed on opposed faces of the base plate.
13. A toast making appliance comprising at least on radiant electric heating element according to claim 1 , including means for supporting at least one slice of bread in close proximity to the heating element, even in direct contact therewith.
14. The toast making appliance according to claim 13 , wherein a pair of radiant electric heating elements, are placed in mutually parallel relationship, means being provided to enable adjustment of the distance between said parallel pair of elements.
15. The toast making appliance according to claim 13 , including a browning sensor.
16. The toast making appliance according to claim 15 , wherein said browning sensor is an infra-red emitter-receiver scanning detector.
17. The toast making appliance according to claim 16 , including means to auto-zero the scanning detector before each toasting operation, thus to provide browning control of breads having different initial colours.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0124190.0 | 2001-10-09 | ||
GBGB0124190.0A GB0124190D0 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2001-10-09 | Printed heating element electric toaster |
PCT/GB2002/004581 WO2003032686A1 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2002-10-09 | A radiant electric heating element |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2002/004581 Continuation WO2003032686A1 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2002-10-09 | A radiant electric heating element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050002659A1 true US20050002659A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
US7764873B2 US7764873B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
Family
ID=9923469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/820,401 Expired - Fee Related US7764873B2 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2004-04-08 | Radiant electricating element with printed heating and ceramic tracks |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7764873B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1444866B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005505905A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040069316A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1586092A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE318063T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2463320A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60209243T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1444866T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2258649T3 (en) |
GB (2) | GB0124190D0 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1444866E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2286031C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003032686A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080056694A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Richard Cooper | Radiant heater |
US20110100975A1 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-05 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Carrier for heating and keeping warm |
US20170318098A1 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-02 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Controlling service discovery and activation among peers |
US20180332665A1 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2018-11-15 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrared emitter |
US20210340764A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2021-11-04 | Heka Graphit.Technology Gmbh | Construction panel |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2157896B1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2012-05-02 | Breville PTY Limited | Motorised toaster with inspection feature |
US8440830B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2013-05-14 | 4Sc Ag | Tetrahydro-fused pyridines as histone deacetylase inhibitors |
CA2698958C (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2013-10-29 | Tutco, Inc. | Mica board electric resistance wire heater and method of use |
RU173514U1 (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-08-30 | Сальников Максим Алексеевич | ELECTRIC HEATER |
RU2757888C2 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-10-22 | Бревилл Пти Лимитед | Sensor device for toaster |
CN108652088A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-10-16 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of new cigarette heating element and preparation method thereof |
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2001
- 2001-10-09 GB GBGB0124190.0A patent/GB0124190D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-10-09 ES ES02767695T patent/ES2258649T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-09 AT AT02767695T patent/ATE318063T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-09 RU RU2004114265/12A patent/RU2286031C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-09 CA CA002463320A patent/CA2463320A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-09 KR KR10-2004-7005325A patent/KR20040069316A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-09 JP JP2003535507A patent/JP2005505905A/en active Pending
- 2002-10-09 DK DK02767695T patent/DK1444866T3/en active
- 2002-10-09 PT PT02767695T patent/PT1444866E/en unknown
- 2002-10-09 CN CNA028222865A patent/CN1586092A/en active Pending
- 2002-10-09 EP EP02767695A patent/EP1444866B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-09 WO PCT/GB2002/004581 patent/WO2003032686A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-09 DE DE60209243T patent/DE60209243T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-09 GB GBGB0223406.0A patent/GB0223406D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 US US10/820,401 patent/US7764873B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080056694A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Richard Cooper | Radiant heater |
US20110100975A1 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-05 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Carrier for heating and keeping warm |
US20180332665A1 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2018-11-15 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrared emitter |
US10785830B2 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2020-09-22 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrared emitter |
US20170318098A1 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-02 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Controlling service discovery and activation among peers |
US20210340764A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2021-11-04 | Heka Graphit.Technology Gmbh | Construction panel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003032686A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
JP2005505905A (en) | 2005-02-24 |
RU2286031C2 (en) | 2006-10-20 |
RU2004114265A (en) | 2005-04-10 |
PT1444866E (en) | 2006-06-30 |
ATE318063T1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
CN1586092A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
ES2258649T3 (en) | 2006-09-01 |
GB0124190D0 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
EP1444866B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
KR20040069316A (en) | 2004-08-05 |
EP1444866A1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
DK1444866T3 (en) | 2006-06-06 |
CA2463320A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
US7764873B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
DE60209243D1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
DE60209243T2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
GB0223406D0 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
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