US20050013436A1 - Digital watermarking technique - Google Patents
Digital watermarking technique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050013436A1 US20050013436A1 US10/919,609 US91960904A US2005013436A1 US 20050013436 A1 US20050013436 A1 US 20050013436A1 US 91960904 A US91960904 A US 91960904A US 2005013436 A1 US2005013436 A1 US 2005013436A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- watermark
- picture
- selected block
- frequency component
- component data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/0028—Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
- H04N19/467—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
- H04N21/23892—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/835—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates
- H04N21/8358—Generation of protective data, e.g. certificates involving watermark
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0051—Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0052—Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0061—Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to digital watermarking of moving-picture data and in particular to a method and system for inserting watermark data into the moving-picture data.
- a plurality of watermarks different from each other are previously stored each corresponding to picture types (I-, B-, and P-pictures in MPEG).
- one watermark is selected from the plurality of watermarks depending on the type of a picture to be encoded and is embedded into the image data in units of 8 ⁇ 8 DCT coefficient block.
- the watermark detecting system can detect an embedded watermark without the need of the original image data.
- the watermarked MPEG data is decoded and a watermark is extracted from the DCT components of the decoded data using the local average over the neighborhood.
- a watermark element W(i) is extracted by calculating the following form: F(i)/avg(F(i)).
- a watermark element W(i) is accumulated in one frame/field to produce WF(i).
- a method for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types includes the steps of: determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; determining a watermark level depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; and inserting a watermark having the watermark level into the selected block of frequency component data.
- the picture types are preferably Intra-frame coding picture (hereafter, I-picture), Inter-frame Predictive coding picture (hereafter, P-picture) and Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture (hereafter, B-picture), wherein a relative proportion of watermark levels of I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is 10:7:5.
- I-picture Intra-frame coding picture
- P-picture Inter-frame Predictive coding picture
- B-picture Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture
- a watermark level of a watermark to be embedded into a picture of data is changed depending on the picture type of a selected block of frequency component data, and then a watermark having the watermark level is inserted into the selected block of frequency component data. Therefore, a moving-picture can be effectively embedded with a digital watermark without substantially reducing the quality of image and the digital watermark can be detected reliably.
- a method includes the steps of: storing a plurality of watermarks for each picture type, each of the watermarks corresponding to a different block of the picture of data; determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; determining a watermark level depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; selecting a watermark from the plurality of watermarks depending on which block is selected; and inserting a selected watermark having the watermark level into the selected block of frequency component data.
- a method includes the steps of: a) storing a plurality of watermarks for each of the picture types, wherein a watermark level of the watermarks varies depending on a picture type; b) selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; and c) inserting a watermark of a selected type into the selected block of frequency component data.
- a method includes the steps of: a) storing a reference watermark; b) determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; c) changing a watermark level of the reference watermark depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and d) inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data.
- the watermark level of the reference watermark may be changed depending on both the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data and the selected block.
- a method for detecting a watermark from a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types includes the steps of: storing a plurality of watermarks for each of the picture types, wherein a watermark level of the watermarks varies depending on a picture type; extracting a watermark from the selected block in the picture of data; selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block; and determining whether the stored watermark is embedded in the selected block, based on an extracted watermark with a selected watermark.
- a system for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types includes: a table storing a plurality of watermarks for each of the picture types, wherein a watermark level of the watermarks varies depending on a picture type; a selector for selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; and an inserting section for inserting a selected watermark of a selected type into the selected block of frequency component data.
- a system includes: a memory storing a reference watermark; a determiner for determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; a multiplier for multiplying a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and an inserting section for inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data.
- the multiplier may multiply a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on both the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data and the selected block.
- the picture types are preferably Intra-frame coding picture (hereafter, I-picture), Inter-frame Predictive coding picture (hereafter, P-picture) and Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture (hereafter, B-picture), wherein a relative proportion of factors corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is 10:7:5.
- I-picture Intra-frame coding picture
- P-picture Inter-frame Predictive coding picture
- B-picture Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a watermark insertion system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a watermark detection system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a layered structure of an MPEG standard format
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing forward/backward prediction operations in the MPEG standard format
- FIG. 5 illustrates a zigzag-scanning sequence
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of watermark insertion operation according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a watermark insertion system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the block image data 102 is converted into DCT coefficient data by a DCT section 103 and then the DCT coefficient data is quantized by a quantization section 104 depending to a picture type of the original image 101 .
- the quantized DCT coefficient data is output to a watermark insertion section 105 .
- a picture type decision section 106 detects the picture type X of block image data 102 when the block image data 102 is encoded in a way conforming to a predetermined standard such as MPEG or H.261.
- a predetermined standard such as MPEG or H.261.
- each frame is one of three types of picture, Intra-frame coding Picture (hereinafter referred to as “I picture”), inter-frame Predictive coding Picture (hereinafter referred to as “P picture”) and Bidirectionally predictive coding Picture (hereinafter referred to as “B picture”).
- the watermark insertion section 105 embeds a watermark selected by a watermark selector 107 to the quantized DCT coefficient data.
- the watermark selector 107 selects a watermark from a watermark table 108 depending on the block location information and the picture type X detected by the picture type decision section 106 .
- the watermark table 108 contains three kinds of watermark, W(I), W(B), and W(P), corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture, respectively.
- the I-picture watermark W(I) consists of N watermarks: W 1 (I), W 2 (I), . . . , W N (I), which correspond to the blocks of an I-picture, respectively.
- the B-picture watermark W(B) consists of N watermarks: W 1 (B), W 2 (B), . . . , W N (B), which correspond to the blocks of a B-picture, respectively.
- the P-picture watermark W(P) consists of N watermarks: W 1 (P), W 2 (P), . . . , W N (P), which correspond to the blocks of a P-picture, respectively.
- a watermark is represented by a set of watermark DCT coefficients.
- the relative proportion of the respective levels of I-, B- and P-picture watermarks is set to
- 10:7:5.
- the reference watermark W(e) may be 8-bit data “10101010”, in which the first bit represents the presence/absence of copyright protection, the second bit represents permission/inhibition of copying, and the third bit represents the limited number of copying operations.
- the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data is inverse-quantized by an inverse-quantization section 109 and then the output of the inverse-quantization section 109 is converted by an inverse-DCT (IDCT) section 110 into watermarked block image data 112 , which is stored at the same location as the block 102 of the original image 101 .
- IDCT inverse-DCT
- the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data is subjected to Huffman-coding by an encoder 113 and the Huffman-coding is repeatedly performed over the entire frame/field to produce compressed moving-picture data 114 such as MPEG data.
- the compressed moving-picture data 114 may be stored in a recording medium such as DVD or another storage device.
- watermarked compressed data 201 that was produced as described above is decoded by a decoder 202 to produce watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data.
- the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data is inverse-quantized by an inverse-quantization section 203 and then the output of the inverse-quantization section 203 is converted by an IDCT section 204 into watermarked image data 205 .
- the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data decoded by the decoder 202 is also output to a watermark extractor 206 .
- the watermark extractor 206 extracts watermark data on a block-by-block basis from the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data and stores all the extracted watermark data of a picture in a memory 207 .
- a watermark detector 208 reads out the extracted watermark data on a block-by-block basis from the memory 207 and calculates a statistical similarity C based on the extracted watermark and a registered watermark selected by a watermark selector 209 . As described before, by comparing the calculated statistical similarity C with a predetermined threshold, it is determined whether the registered watermark is embedded in the block in question.
- the watermark selector 209 selects watermark data from a watermark table 210 depending on the block location information and the type X of the picture.
- the watermark table 210 contains the same contents as the watermark table 108 . That is, the watermark table 210 contains three kinds of watermark: W(I), W(B), and W(P) corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture, respectively.
- Each of the I-, B-, and P-picture watermarks W(I), W(B), and W(P) consists of N watermarks, that is, (W 1 (I), W 2 (I), . . . , W N (I)), (W 1 (B), W 2 (B), . . . , W N (B)), and (W 1 (P), W 2 (P), . . . , W N (P)).
- image data that has been compressed according to MPEG standard has such a structure that a sequence header code SHC is followed by a sequence of GOP (group of picture).
- data of each frame/field of an image is written in a picture layer following a picture start code (PSC).
- PSC picture start code
- Each frame or field is encoded in one of three types of picture format, I picture, P picture, and B picture.
- each picture is subdivided into blocks and each block is subjected to the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Then, the DCT coefficients are quantized with an appropriate quantizing coefficient and the quantized DCT coefficients are subjected to two-dimensional Huffman coding.
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- the field data of each frame is inside a macro block (MB) layer under a slice layer following a slice start code (SSC).
- MB macro block
- SSC slice start code
- the field data of each frame is expressed by a total of 6 block layers, 4 block layers indicating brightness data Y and 2 block layers indicating color difference data Cb and Cr.
- quantized DCT coefficients are scanned in a sequence of numbers and are converted to a one-dimensional sequence of 64 DCT coefficients.
- the position labeled with “1” in the figure expresses a DC component of the DCT domain.
- Horizontal spacial frequency increases from this position “1” rightward and vertical frequency increases from this position “1” downward.
- zigzag scanning virtually results in a one-dimensional sequence in order from low-frequency components to high-frequency components.
- a watermark is embedded to a block of MPEG data by adding each of watermark DCT coefficients to a corresponding one of the 64 DCT coefficients.
- the watermark selector 107 selects the I-picture watermark W j (I) from the watermark table 108 .
- the watermark insertion section 105 adds the DCT coefficients of the selected watermark W j (I) to corresponding ones of the quantized DCT coefficients to produce a watermarked I-picture indicated by I+W(I).
- the watermark selector 107 selects the B-picture watermark DCT coefficients W j (B) from the watermark table 108 .
- the watermark insertion section 105 adds the selected watermark DCT coefficients W j (B) to corresponding ones of the quantized DCT coefficients to produce a watermarked I-picture indicated by B+W(B). In the case where an original image is a P-picture, a watermarked P-picture indicated by P+W(P) is produced by the watermark insertion section 105 .
- FIG. 7 A watermarking system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7 , where circuit blocks similar to those previously described with reference to FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and the details will be omitted.
- the watermarking system according to the second embodiment is formed by replacing a combination of the watermark selector 107 and the watermark table 108 in the first embodiment with a circuit composed of a memory 301 storing a reference watermark W(e), N multipliers 302 , N memories 303 , and a watermark selector 304 .
- the respective multipliers 302 are set at k 1 (B), k 2 (B), . . . , and k N (B), and in the case of P-picture, the respective multipliers 302 are set at k 1 (P), k 2 (P), . . . , and k N (P). Therefore, the watermark selector 304 can select one of the watermarks stored in the memories 303 depending on the location of a block to be embedded with a selected watermark. This is the same operation as the first embodiment.
- k j (I):k j (B):k j (P) is preferably set to 10:7:5. Therefore, the same advantages as the first embodiment are also achieved in the second embodiment. Further, according to the second embodiment, only N memories 303 are needed to store the necessary watermarks. Therefore, compared with the first embodiment, the necessary amount of memory can be reduced.
- the watermark selector 209 and the watermark table 210 in the watermark detection system as shown in FIG. 2 may be replaced with the circuit composed of the memory 301 storing the reference watermark W(e), the N multipliers 302 , the N memories 303 , and the watermark selector 304 .
- the watermark insertion and detection according to the above described embodiments can also be implemented by a computer running a program that instructs the computer to execute these operations.
- the amplitude or level of a watermark to be embedded to moving-picture data is set to an optimal level for each picture type in the moving-picture data. Therefore, both sufficiently high quality of watermarked moving picture data and enhanced ease of watermark detection can be achieved.
Abstract
A watermarking system allowing both sufficiently high quality of watermarked moving pictures and enhanced ease of watermark detection is disclosed. A watermark level of a watermark to be embedded into a picture of data is changed depending on the picture type of a selected block of frequency component data, and then a watermark having the watermark level is inserted into the selected block of frequency component data. Therefore, a moving-picture can be effectively embedded with a digital watermark without substantially reducing the quality of image and the digital watermark can be detected reliably. A relative proportion of watermark levels of I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is preferably set to 10:7:5.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to digital watermarking of moving-picture data and in particular to a method and system for inserting watermark data into the moving-picture data.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- With wide-spreading digital satellite broadcasting Internet transmission and DVD (Digital Video Disk), etc. in recent years, digital images are becoming easily accessible to users. Since the quality of digital images does not deteriorate when they are copied, securing their copyrights has been an important issue.
- For purposes of securing copyright protection for MPEG (moving picture experts group) data, there have been disclosed a watermarking system for embedding a plurality of watermarks into DCT (discrete cosine transform) coefficient domain of MPEG data and a watermark detecting system for extracting and detecting the embedded watermarks from the watermarked MPEG data (see Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 11-55639).
- More specifically, a plurality of watermarks different from each other are previously stored each corresponding to picture types (I-, B-, and P-pictures in MPEG). In the watermarking system, one watermark is selected from the plurality of watermarks depending on the type of a picture to be encoded and is embedded into the image data in units of 8×8 DCT coefficient block.
- Assuming that f(1), f(2), . . . , f(n) are DCT coefficients listed in frequency-ascending order, a watermarked coefficient F(i) is calculated by the following equation:
F(i)f(i)+α×avg(f(i))×w(i),
where i=1, 2, 3, . . . , n, w(i) is an element of a watermark selected according to a normal distribution with mean mx=0 and variance σ2=1, α is a scaling element, and avg(f(i)) represents a local average over three DCT coefficients in the neighborhood, which is calculated by the following form:
avg(f(i))=(|f(i−1)|+|f(i)|+|f(i+1)|)/3. - On the other hand, the watermark detecting system can detect an embedded watermark without the need of the original image data. The watermarked MPEG data is decoded and a watermark is extracted from the DCT components of the decoded data using the local average over the neighborhood. A watermark element W(i) is extracted by calculating the following form: F(i)/avg(F(i)). A watermark element W(i) is accumulated in one frame/field to produce WF(i).
- A statistical similarity C between w(i) and WF(i) can be calculated using vector inner product as follows:
C=WF×w/(|WF|×|w|),
where WF=(WF(1), WF(2), . . . , WF(n)) and w=(w(1), w(2), . . . , w(n)). - If the statistical similarity C calculated as described above exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined that the corresponding watermark is embedded in the MPEG data.
- However, the inventor found that a degree of embedded watermark effect on MPEG data is varied depending on the type of a picture in MPEG. If watermark frequency coefficients having a certain amplitude (level) is uniformly embedded to MPEG data regardless of the type of a picture as the prior art, then there are cases where the quality of image is deteriorated and the embedded watermark is hard to be detected.
- More specifically, when the watermark is strongly embedded to the MPEG data, ease of watermark detection is enhanced but the quality of image is deteriorated. Contrarily, when the watermark is lightly embedded to the MPEG data, the quality of image is kept sufficiently but the embedded watermark becomes hard to be detected. In other words, the quality of a watermarked image is traded off against watermark detection efficiency.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a watermarking system and method allowing both sufficiently high quality of watermarked moving pictures and enhanced ease of watermark detection.
- According to the present invention, a method for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types, includes the steps of: determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; determining a watermark level depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; and inserting a watermark having the watermark level into the selected block of frequency component data.
- The picture types are preferably Intra-frame coding picture (hereafter, I-picture), Inter-frame Predictive coding picture (hereafter, P-picture) and Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture (hereafter, B-picture), wherein a relative proportion of watermark levels of I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is 10:7:5.
- As described above, a watermark level of a watermark to be embedded into a picture of data is changed depending on the picture type of a selected block of frequency component data, and then a watermark having the watermark level is inserted into the selected block of frequency component data. Therefore, a moving-picture can be effectively embedded with a digital watermark without substantially reducing the quality of image and the digital watermark can be detected reliably.
- According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method includes the steps of: storing a plurality of watermarks for each picture type, each of the watermarks corresponding to a different block of the picture of data; determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; determining a watermark level depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; selecting a watermark from the plurality of watermarks depending on which block is selected; and inserting a selected watermark having the watermark level into the selected block of frequency component data.
- According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method includes the steps of: a) storing a plurality of watermarks for each of the picture types, wherein a watermark level of the watermarks varies depending on a picture type; b) selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; and c) inserting a watermark of a selected type into the selected block of frequency component data.
- According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a method includes the steps of: a) storing a reference watermark; b) determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; c) changing a watermark level of the reference watermark depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and d) inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data.
- In the step (c), the watermark level of the reference watermark may be changed depending on both the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data and the selected block.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting a watermark from a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types, includes the steps of: storing a plurality of watermarks for each of the picture types, wherein a watermark level of the watermarks varies depending on a picture type; extracting a watermark from the selected block in the picture of data; selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block; and determining whether the stored watermark is embedded in the selected block, based on an extracted watermark with a selected watermark.
- According to the present invention, a system for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types, includes: a table storing a plurality of watermarks for each of the picture types, wherein a watermark level of the watermarks varies depending on a picture type; a selector for selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; and an inserting section for inserting a selected watermark of a selected type into the selected block of frequency component data.
- According to the present invention, a system includes: a memory storing a reference watermark; a determiner for determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data; a multiplier for multiplying a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and an inserting section for inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data.
- The multiplier may multiply a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on both the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data and the selected block.
- The picture types are preferably Intra-frame coding picture (hereafter, I-picture), Inter-frame Predictive coding picture (hereafter, P-picture) and Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture (hereafter, B-picture), wherein a relative proportion of factors corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is 10:7:5.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a watermark insertion system according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a watermark detection system according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a layered structure of an MPEG standard format; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing forward/backward prediction operations in the MPEG standard format; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a zigzag-scanning sequence; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of watermark insertion operation according to the present invention; and -
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a watermark insertion system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. - Hereafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , anoriginal image 101 stored in a frame/field memory is divided into a plurality of k×k pixel blocks (here, k=8), which are sequentially read out asblock image data 102. Theblock image data 102 is converted into DCT coefficient data by aDCT section 103 and then the DCT coefficient data is quantized by aquantization section 104 depending to a picture type of theoriginal image 101. The quantized DCT coefficient data is output to awatermark insertion section 105. - A picture
type decision section 106 detects the picture type X ofblock image data 102 when theblock image data 102 is encoded in a way conforming to a predetermined standard such as MPEG or H.261. In MPEG2 standard, each frame is one of three types of picture, Intra-frame coding Picture (hereinafter referred to as “I picture”), inter-frame Predictive coding Picture (hereinafter referred to as “P picture”) and Bidirectionally predictive coding Picture (hereinafter referred to as “B picture”). - The
watermark insertion section 105 embeds a watermark selected by awatermark selector 107 to the quantized DCT coefficient data. Thewatermark selector 107 selects a watermark from a watermark table 108 depending on the block location information and the picture type X detected by the picturetype decision section 106. - The watermark table 108 contains three kinds of watermark, W(I), W(B), and W(P), corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture, respectively. The I-picture watermark W(I) consists of N watermarks: W1(I), W2(I), . . . , WN(I), which correspond to the blocks of an I-picture, respectively. The B-picture watermark W(B) consists of N watermarks: W1(B), W2(B), . . . , WN(B), which correspond to the blocks of a B-picture, respectively. The P-picture watermark W(P) consists of N watermarks: W1(P), W2(P), . . . , WN(P), which correspond to the blocks of a P-picture, respectively. A watermark is represented by a set of watermark DCT coefficients.
- According to the present embodiment, the relative proportion of the respective levels of I-, B- and P-picture watermarks is set to |W(I)|:|W(B)|:|W(P)|=10:7:5. A set of watermark DCT coefficients, Wj(X) (j=1, 2, . . . . , or N and X=I, B, or P), is obtained by multiplying a reference watermark W(e) by a picture-dependent level coefficient kj(X), that is, Wj(X)=kj(X)×W(e), wherein kj(I):kj(B):kj(P)=10:7:5.
- For example, the reference watermark W(e) may be 8-bit data “10101010”, in which the first bit represents the presence/absence of copyright protection, the second bit represents permission/inhibition of copying, and the third bit represents the limited number of copying operations.
- Thereafter, the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data is inverse-quantized by an inverse-
quantization section 109 and then the output of the inverse-quantization section 109 is converted by an inverse-DCT (IDCT)section 110 into watermarkedblock image data 112, which is stored at the same location as theblock 102 of theoriginal image 101. By repeatedly performing the above procedure on the blocks over an entire frame/field of theoriginal image 101, a watermarkedimage 111 is completed. - On the other hand, the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data is subjected to Huffman-coding by an
encoder 113 and the Huffman-coding is repeatedly performed over the entire frame/field to produce compressed moving-picture data 114 such as MPEG data. The compressed moving-picture data 114 may be stored in a recording medium such as DVD or another storage device. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , watermarkedcompressed data 201 that was produced as described above is decoded by adecoder 202 to produce watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data. The watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data is inverse-quantized by an inverse-quantization section 203 and then the output of the inverse-quantization section 203 is converted by anIDCT section 204 into watermarkedimage data 205. - The watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data decoded by the
decoder 202 is also output to awatermark extractor 206. Thewatermark extractor 206 extracts watermark data on a block-by-block basis from the watermark-embedded DCT coefficient data and stores all the extracted watermark data of a picture in amemory 207. Thereafter, awatermark detector 208 reads out the extracted watermark data on a block-by-block basis from thememory 207 and calculates a statistical similarity C based on the extracted watermark and a registered watermark selected by awatermark selector 209. As described before, by comparing the calculated statistical similarity C with a predetermined threshold, it is determined whether the registered watermark is embedded in the block in question. - The
watermark selector 209 selects watermark data from a watermark table 210 depending on the block location information and the type X of the picture. The watermark table 210 contains the same contents as the watermark table 108. That is, the watermark table 210 contains three kinds of watermark: W(I), W(B), and W(P) corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture, respectively. Each of the I-, B-, and P-picture watermarks W(I), W(B), and W(P) consists of N watermarks, that is, (W1(I), W2(I), . . . , WN(I)), (W1(B), W2(B), . . . , WN(B)), and (W1(P), W2(P), . . . , WN(P)). - Hereafter, an operation of the present invention will be described, taking an example compressed moving-picture data conforming to MPEG standard.
- Referring to
FIG. 3 , image data that has been compressed according to MPEG standard has such a structure that a sequence header code SHC is followed by a sequence of GOP (group of picture). Here, data of each frame/field of an image is written in a picture layer following a picture start code (PSC). Each frame or field is encoded in one of three types of picture format, I picture, P picture, and B picture. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , in the case of P picture and B picture, only a difference between the own picture and a reference picture at a different time instant is encoded as image data. Moreover, each picture is subdivided into blocks and each block is subjected to the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Then, the DCT coefficients are quantized with an appropriate quantizing coefficient and the quantized DCT coefficients are subjected to two-dimensional Huffman coding. - The field data of each frame is inside a macro block (MB) layer under a slice layer following a slice start code (SSC). In the case where a color difference format is 4:2:0, the field data of each frame is expressed by a total of 6 block layers, 4 block layers indicating brightness data Y and 2 block layers indicating color difference data Cb and Cr.
- As shown in
FIG. 5 , in the case of zigzag scanning, quantized DCT coefficients are scanned in a sequence of numbers and are converted to a one-dimensional sequence of 64 DCT coefficients. The position labeled with “1” in the figure expresses a DC component of the DCT domain. Horizontal spacial frequency increases from this position “1” rightward and vertical frequency increases from this position “1” downward. Thus, zigzag scanning virtually results in a one-dimensional sequence in order from low-frequency components to high-frequency components. A watermark is embedded to a block of MPEG data by adding each of watermark DCT coefficients to a corresponding one of the 64 DCT coefficients. - Referring to
FIG. 6 , in the case where an original image is an I-picture and a j-th block is read out, thewatermark selector 107 selects the I-picture watermark Wj(I) from the watermark table 108. Thewatermark insertion section 105 adds the DCT coefficients of the selected watermark Wj(I) to corresponding ones of the quantized DCT coefficients to produce a watermarked I-picture indicated by I+W(I). Similarly, in the case where an original image is a B-picture, thewatermark selector 107 selects the B-picture watermark DCT coefficients Wj(B) from the watermark table 108. - The
watermark insertion section 105 adds the selected watermark DCT coefficients Wj(B) to corresponding ones of the quantized DCT coefficients to produce a watermarked I-picture indicated by B+W(B). In the case where an original image is a P-picture, a watermarked P-picture indicated by P+W(P) is produced by thewatermark insertion section 105. - As described before, the relative proportion of the respective levels of I-, B-, and P-picture watermarks is not equal. In this embodiment, |W(I)|:|W(B)|:|W(P)| is set to 10:7:5. Watermark DCT coefficients Wj(X) (j=1, 2, . . . , N and X=I, B, or P) is obtained by multiplying reference watermark data W(e) by a picture-dependent level coefficient kj(X), that is, Wj(X)=kj(X)×W(e), wherein kj(I):kj(B):kj(P)=10:7:5.
- By setting the relative level proportion of the watermarks W(I), W(B) and W(P) to 10:7:5, picture degradation can be kept at a minimum while the watermark detection efficiency is kept at a sufficient level.
- Further, the Inventor found that the larger the total of the relative level proportion values, I+B+P, (here, 1+0.7+0.5=2.2), the greater picture degradation. Relative to I+B+P=2.2, picture degradation becomes greater in the case of I+B+P=3. Contrarily, in the case of I+B+P=1.5, picture degradation becomes smaller but an embedded watermark is harder to be detected.
- A watermarking system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
FIG. 7 , where circuit blocks similar to those previously described with reference toFIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and the details will be omitted. - Referring to
FIG. 7 , the watermarking system according to the second embodiment is formed by replacing a combination of thewatermark selector 107 and the watermark table 108 in the first embodiment with a circuit composed of amemory 301 storing a reference watermark W(e),N multipliers 302,N memories 303, and awatermark selector 304. - The respective watermarks Wj(X) (j=1, 2, . . . , N and X=I, B, or P), are obtained by the
multipliers 302 multiplying the reference watermark W(e) by N picture-dependent level coefficients kj(X), that is, Wj(X)=kj(X)×W(e). More specifically, in the case of I-picture, therespective multipliers 302 are set at k1(I), k2(I), . . . , and kN(I). Therefore, I-picture watermarks Wj(I) are obtained by kj(I)×W(e). Similarly, in the case of B-picture, therespective multipliers 302 are set at k1(B), k2(B), . . . , and kN(B), and in the case of P-picture, therespective multipliers 302 are set at k1(P), k2(P), . . . , and kN(P). Therefore, thewatermark selector 304 can select one of the watermarks stored in thememories 303 depending on the location of a block to be embedded with a selected watermark. This is the same operation as the first embodiment. - As in the first embodiment, kj(I):kj(B):kj(P) is preferably set to 10:7:5. Therefore, the same advantages as the first embodiment are also achieved in the second embodiment. Further, according to the second embodiment, only
N memories 303 are needed to store the necessary watermarks. Therefore, compared with the first embodiment, the necessary amount of memory can be reduced. - The
watermark selector 209 and the watermark table 210 in the watermark detection system as shown inFIG. 2 may be replaced with the circuit composed of thememory 301 storing the reference watermark W(e), theN multipliers 302, theN memories 303, and thewatermark selector 304. - The above-described embodiments have been explained taking the MPEG standard coding system as an example, but of course the present invention is applicable to other image coding systems using DCT, for example, JPEG standard and H.261 as well.
- The watermark insertion and detection according to the above described embodiments can also be implemented by a computer running a program that instructs the computer to execute these operations.
- As described above, according to the present invention, the amplitude or level of a watermark to be embedded to moving-picture data is set to an optimal level for each picture type in the moving-picture data. Therefore, both sufficiently high quality of watermarked moving picture data and enhanced ease of watermark detection can be achieved.
Claims (12)
1-6: (Cancelled)
7: A method for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types, comprising the steps of:
a) storing a reference watermark;
b) determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data;
c) changing a watermark level of the reference watermark depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and
d) inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data.
8: The method according to claim 7 , wherein the picture types are Intra-frame coding picture (hereafter, I-picture), Inter-frame Predictive coding picture (hereafter, P-picture) and Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture (hereafter, B-picture), wherein a relative proportion of watermark levels of I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is 10:7:5.
9: The method according to claim 7 , wherein, in the step (c), the watermark level of the reference watermark is changed depending on both the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data and the selected block.
10: (Cancelled)
11: A system for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types, comprising:
a memory storing a reference watermark;
a determiner for determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data;
a multiplier for multiplying a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and
an inserting section for inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data.
12: The system according to claim 11 , wherein the picture types are Intra-frame coding picture (hereafter, I-picture), Inter-frame Predictive coding picture (hereafter, P-picture) and Bidirectionally Predictive coding picture (hereafter, B-picture), wherein a relative proportion of factors corresponding to I-picture, B-picture, and P-picture is 10:7:5.
13: The system according to claim 11 , wherein the multiplier multiplies a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on both the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data and the selected block.
14-15: (Cancelled)
16: A digital watermarking method comprising the steps of:
at a watermark inserting section for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types,
storing a reference watermark;
determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data;
changing a watermark level of the reference watermark depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and
inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data, and
at a watermark detecting section for detecting a watermark from a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types,
storing the reference watermark;
determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data;
changing a watermark level of the reference watermark depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used;
extracting a watermark from the selected block in the picture of data;
selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block; and
determining whether the stored watermark is embedded in the selected block, based on an extracted watermark with a selected watermark.
17: (cancelled)
18: A digital watermarking system comprising:
a watermark inserting device for inserting a watermark into a selected block of frequency component data in a picture of data having one of a plurality of picture types;
a watermark detecting device for detecting a from a selected block of frequency component data in of data having one of a plurality of picture types,
wherein
the watermark inserting device comprises:
a first memory storing a reference watermark;
a first determiner for determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data;
a first multiplier for multiplying a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used; and
an inserting section for inserting the watermark to be used into the selected block of frequency component data, and
the watermark detecting device comprises:
a second memory storing the reference watermark;
a second determiner for determining a picture type of the selected block of frequency component data;
a second multiplier for multiplying a watermark level of the reference watermark by a factor varying depending on the picture type of the selected block of frequency component data to produce a watermark to be used;
an extractor for extracting a watermark from the selected block in the picture of data;
a selector for selecting a watermark of a type depending on a picture type of the selected block; and
a third determiner for determining whether the stored watermark is embedded in the selected block, based on an extracted watermark with a selected watermark.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/919,609 US20050013436A1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2004-08-17 | Digital watermarking technique |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP23425099A JP2001061052A (en) | 1999-08-20 | 1999-08-20 | Method for inserting electronic watermark data, its device and electronic watermark data detector |
JP234250/1999 | 1999-08-20 | ||
US09/642,476 US6798893B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2000-08-18 | Digital watermarking technique |
US10/919,609 US20050013436A1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2004-08-17 | Digital watermarking technique |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/642,476 Division US6798893B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2000-08-18 | Digital watermarking technique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050013436A1 true US20050013436A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
Family
ID=16968036
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/642,476 Expired - Fee Related US6798893B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2000-08-18 | Digital watermarking technique |
US10/835,168 Expired - Fee Related US7092546B2 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2004-04-29 | Digital watermarking technique |
US10/919,609 Abandoned US20050013436A1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2004-08-17 | Digital watermarking technique |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/642,476 Expired - Fee Related US6798893B1 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2000-08-18 | Digital watermarking technique |
US10/835,168 Expired - Fee Related US7092546B2 (en) | 1999-08-20 | 2004-04-29 | Digital watermarking technique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6798893B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1079633A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001061052A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100382866B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2316442C (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020122198A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for image processing, and storage medium |
US20030123698A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-07-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method |
US9871319B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2018-01-16 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation connector with external contacts |
US9979139B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2018-05-22 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation electronic connector |
Families Citing this family (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7644282B2 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 2010-01-05 | Verance Corporation | Pre-processed information embedding system |
US6912315B1 (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2005-06-28 | Verance Corporation | Pre-processed information embedding system |
JP2001061052A (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-03-06 | Nec Corp | Method for inserting electronic watermark data, its device and electronic watermark data detector |
US6737957B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-05-18 | Verance Corporation | Remote control signaling using audio watermarks |
JP2002027224A (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-25 | Nec Corp | Digital watermarking inserting/detecting device and method, and record medium |
JP3636061B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2005-04-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | Data insertion apparatus and method |
JP2002330434A (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-15 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | Decoder and decoding method, re-encoder and re-encoding method, information recording medium, and decoding program and re-encoding program |
US7263202B2 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2007-08-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermarking to control video recording |
US8032909B2 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2011-10-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermarking and electronic program guides |
US8122465B2 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2012-02-21 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermarking to set video usage permissions |
FR2831375B1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2004-01-30 | Canon Kk | INSERTING A MESSAGE INTO A SEQUENCE OF DIGITAL IMAGES |
US7386146B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2008-06-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Insertion of a message in a sequence of digital images |
FR2829654B1 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-01-30 | Canon Kk | INSERTING A MESSAGE INTO A SEQUENCE OF DIGITAL IMAGES |
US7398395B2 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2008-07-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Using multiple watermarks to protect content material |
GB2383219A (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-18 | Sony Uk Ltd | Marking material using a two part watermark |
US20030131350A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2003-07-10 | Peiffer John C. | Method and apparatus for identifying a digital audio signal |
JP3937841B2 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2007-06-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Information processing apparatus and control method thereof |
US7076659B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2006-07-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Enhanced method for digital data hiding |
KR20030073369A (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-09-19 | 한국전자통신연구원 | A Real-time Blind Video Watermarking Method using Quantization |
EP1552454B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2014-07-23 | Verance Corporation | Media monitoring, management and information system |
CA2503340A1 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Arun Ramaswamy | Digital data insertion apparatus and methods for use with compressed audio/video data |
FR2846827B1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2005-02-25 | Inst Nat Rech Inf Automat | DEVICE FOR MARKING AND RETRIEVING MULTIMEDIA SIGNALS |
JP4193665B2 (en) * | 2003-03-05 | 2008-12-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Digital watermarking method for binary images |
US7460684B2 (en) | 2003-06-13 | 2008-12-02 | Nielsen Media Research, Inc. | Method and apparatus for embedding watermarks |
US20060239501A1 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Verance Corporation | Security enhancements of digital watermarks for multi-media content |
WO2005062297A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Watermark embedding |
EP2164256B1 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2014-08-20 | NDS Limited | System for providing visable messages during PVR trick mode playback |
TWI404419B (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2013-08-01 | Nielsen Media Res Inc | Data insertion methods , sysytems, machine readable media and apparatus for use with compressed audio/video data |
WO2006014362A1 (en) | 2004-07-02 | 2006-02-09 | Nielsen Media Research, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for mixing compressed digital bit streams |
GB2421134A (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-14 | Sony Uk Ltd | Detection of payload data from a watermarked image by calculation of payload probability values |
GB2421133A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-14 | Sony Uk Ltd | Registering a water marked image by calculating distortion vector estimates |
US7672373B2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2010-03-02 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Digital watermarking of a media stream using coded macroblock types |
US8020004B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2011-09-13 | Verance Corporation | Forensic marking using a common customization function |
AU2006265780B2 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2012-06-28 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Image watermarking |
US20080292133A1 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2008-11-27 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Image Watermarking |
US8781967B2 (en) | 2005-07-07 | 2014-07-15 | Verance Corporation | Watermarking in an encrypted domain |
US7330604B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-02-12 | Compulink Management Center, Inc. | Model-based dewarping method and apparatus |
EP2095560B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2015-09-09 | The Nielsen Company (US), LLC | Methods and apparatus for embedding codes in compressed audio data streams |
CN101810007B (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2013-03-06 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Multimedia coding and decoding with additional information capability |
US8259938B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2012-09-04 | Verance Corporation | Efficient and secure forensic marking in compressed |
US8838978B2 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2014-09-16 | Verance Corporation | Content access management using extracted watermark information |
US8533481B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-09-10 | Verance Corporation | Extraction of embedded watermarks from a host content based on extrapolation techniques |
US8682026B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2014-03-25 | Verance Corporation | Efficient extraction of embedded watermarks in the presence of host content distortions |
US8923548B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2014-12-30 | Verance Corporation | Extraction of embedded watermarks from a host content using a plurality of tentative watermarks |
US8615104B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-12-24 | Verance Corporation | Watermark extraction based on tentative watermarks |
US8745403B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2014-06-03 | Verance Corporation | Enhanced content management based on watermark extraction records |
US9323902B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2016-04-26 | Verance Corporation | Conditional access using embedded watermarks |
US9547753B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2017-01-17 | Verance Corporation | Coordinated watermarking |
US9571606B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2017-02-14 | Verance Corporation | Social media viewing system |
US8869222B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-10-21 | Verance Corporation | Second screen content |
US20140075469A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-13 | Verance Corporation | Content distribution including advertisements |
US8726304B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-05-13 | Verance Corporation | Time varying evaluation of multimedia content |
US9262794B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-02-16 | Verance Corporation | Transactional video marking system |
US9251549B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2016-02-02 | Verance Corporation | Watermark extractor enhancements based on payload ranking |
US9208334B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2015-12-08 | Verance Corporation | Content management using multiple abstraction layers |
US9596521B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-03-14 | Verance Corporation | Interactive content acquisition using embedded codes |
US9208534B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2015-12-08 | Cisco Technology Inc. | System and method for embedding data |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6005643A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1999-12-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data hiding and extraction methods |
US6175639B1 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2001-01-16 | Nec Corporation | Digital data encode system |
US6208745B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-03-27 | Sarnoff Corporation | Method and apparatus for imbedding a watermark into a bitstream representation of a digital image sequence |
US6222932B1 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2001-04-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic adjustment of image watermark strength based on computed image texture |
US6415041B1 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2002-07-02 | Nec Corporation | Digital watermark insertion system and digital watermark characteristic table creating device |
US6418232B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2002-07-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of authenticating digital-watermark pictures |
US6683987B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2004-01-27 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for altering the picture updating frequency of a compressed video data stream |
US6798893B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2004-09-28 | Nec Corporation | Digital watermarking technique |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3106985B2 (en) | 1996-12-25 | 2000-11-06 | 日本電気株式会社 | Electronic watermark insertion device and detection device |
JP3349910B2 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 2002-11-25 | 日本電気株式会社 | Image data encoding system |
JP3055672B2 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 2000-06-26 | 日本電気株式会社 | Image data encoding system and image input device |
JP3353691B2 (en) | 1997-02-24 | 2002-12-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | Digital data encoding system, digital watermark data insertion method, and storage medium storing control program |
CA2308402A1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-05-06 | Jianhao Meng | Watermarking of digital image data |
JPH11164235A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-18 | Sony Corp | Superimposition transmission method of additional information and superimposing device of additional information |
-
1999
- 1999-08-20 JP JP23425099A patent/JP2001061052A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-08-18 KR KR10-2000-0047882A patent/KR100382866B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-18 CA CA 2316442 patent/CA2316442C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 US US09/642,476 patent/US6798893B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 EP EP20000117304 patent/EP1079633A3/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-04-29 US US10/835,168 patent/US7092546B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-17 US US10/919,609 patent/US20050013436A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6005643A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1999-12-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data hiding and extraction methods |
US6175639B1 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2001-01-16 | Nec Corporation | Digital data encode system |
US6222932B1 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2001-04-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic adjustment of image watermark strength based on computed image texture |
US6208745B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-03-27 | Sarnoff Corporation | Method and apparatus for imbedding a watermark into a bitstream representation of a digital image sequence |
US6415041B1 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2002-07-02 | Nec Corporation | Digital watermark insertion system and digital watermark characteristic table creating device |
US6418232B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2002-07-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of authenticating digital-watermark pictures |
US6683987B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2004-01-27 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for altering the picture updating frequency of a compressed video data stream |
US6798893B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2004-09-28 | Nec Corporation | Digital watermarking technique |
US7092546B2 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2006-08-15 | Nec Corporation | Digital watermarking technique |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020122198A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for image processing, and storage medium |
US20030123698A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-07-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method |
US7065237B2 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2006-06-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method |
US9871319B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2018-01-16 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation connector with external contacts |
US10090619B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2018-10-02 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation connector with external contacts |
US10637192B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2020-04-28 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation connector with external contacts |
US9979139B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2018-05-22 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation electronic connector |
US10056719B1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2018-08-21 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation electronic connector |
US10476214B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2019-11-12 | Apple Inc. | Dual orientation electronic connector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6798893B1 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
EP1079633A2 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
US20040202350A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
CA2316442C (en) | 2005-07-05 |
KR20010030103A (en) | 2001-04-16 |
JP2001061052A (en) | 2001-03-06 |
KR100382866B1 (en) | 2003-05-09 |
CA2316442A1 (en) | 2001-02-20 |
EP1079633A3 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
US7092546B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6798893B1 (en) | Digital watermarking technique | |
US7159117B2 (en) | Electronic watermark data insertion apparatus and electronic watermark data detection apparatus | |
Langelaar et al. | Real-time labeling of MPEG-2 compressed video | |
JP4617049B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for embedding data in an encoded digital bitstream | |
US6341350B1 (en) | Device and method for processing image data, transmitting medium, and recording medium | |
JP3567975B2 (en) | Digital watermark detection / insertion device | |
US20050265576A1 (en) | Video watermarking method and apparatus, and video content protecting method and apparatus using video watermarking | |
JP4035257B2 (en) | Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and computer-readable storage medium | |
WO2008154041A1 (en) | Modifying a coded bitstream | |
KR19980071868A (en) | Recording medium on which image data encoder and image data encode program are recorded | |
US20060133477A1 (en) | Combined video decoder and watermark creator | |
US6915000B1 (en) | System and apparatus for inserting electronic watermark data | |
US7412151B1 (en) | Detection of a watermark in a compressed video signal | |
US8848791B2 (en) | Compressed domain video watermarking | |
JP3480700B2 (en) | Digital watermark recording method and digital watermark recording device | |
Barni et al. | Object watermarking for for MPEG-4 video streams copyright protection | |
KR20100091765A (en) | Method for embedding and detecting watermark | |
JP4268377B2 (en) | Digital watermark embedding device, its detection device, and digital watermark embedding program | |
JP4020302B2 (en) | Information embedding device and information extracting device | |
JP2006270988A (en) | Method for inserting electronic watermark data, its device and electronic watermark data detector | |
JP3933140B2 (en) | Electronic watermark data insertion method and apparatus | |
Simitopoulos et al. | Fast compressed domain watermarking of MPEG multiplexed streams | |
Wang et al. | Mapping energy video watermarking algorithm based on compressed domain |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |