US20050029262A1 - Blast-resistant panels and containers - Google Patents
Blast-resistant panels and containers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050029262A1 US20050029262A1 US10/774,677 US77467704A US2005029262A1 US 20050029262 A1 US20050029262 A1 US 20050029262A1 US 77467704 A US77467704 A US 77467704A US 2005029262 A1 US2005029262 A1 US 2005029262A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- blast
- door
- resistant container
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
- F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
- F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
- B65D88/04—Large containers rigid spherical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/02—Wall construction
- B65D90/022—Laminated structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/32—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure
- B65D90/325—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure due to explosion, e.g. inside the container
Definitions
- the present invention relates to blast-resistant devices, and more particularly to panels and containers used to suppress the blast force of an explosion.
- explosive devices may for example be delivered by mail, be placed in a container such as a suitcase and placed on an airplane or in an office lobby, or may simply be placed in a hidden area such as under a staircase.
- the present invention provides a blast-resistant panel having a first layer of overlapping plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer, and a third layer located adjacent the second layer, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the overlapping plates slide relative to one another allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- the present invention provides a blast-resistant panel having a first layer of axially-slidable plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer, guiding ribs between the plates of the first layer to guide axial movement of the plates., said guiding ribs being shaped to substantially provide and maintain a seal with the plates during axial sliding of the plates and a third layer located adjacent the second layer, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the plates slide toward the third layer, guided by the guiding ribs, allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- the present invention provides a blast-resistant container having a substantially spheroid shell having a first layer of overlapping plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer and a third layer located adjacent the second layer, and a sealable door in the shell, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the overlapping plates of the first layer slide relative to one another allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- the present invention provides a blast-resistant container having a substantially spheroid shell having a first layer of axially-slidable plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer, guiding ribs between the plates of the first layer to guide axial movement of the plates, said guiding ribs being shaped to substantially provide and maintain a seal with the plates during axial sliding of the plates, and a third layer located adjacent the second layer and a door in the shell, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the plates slide toward the third layer, guided by the guiding ribs, allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- inventions of the present invention comprising a container also contemplate a sampling/decontamination system for determining the presence of, and decontaminating at least one of chemical and biological agents within the container.
- inventions of the present invention comprising a container also contemplate a door having a three-layer construction similar to that described above.
- the first layer upon detonation of an explosive placed near the first layer of the blast-resistant panels and containers of the present invention, the first layer is permitted to move towards the third layer without substantial release of gases therethrough, thereby allowing the panels and containers to more effectively absorb blast forces.
- construction is simplified, particularly with respect to the embodiments of the present invention involving sliding plates, since the compressible second layer requires only minimal shaping to lie flush against the first layer.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a blast-resistant container according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the blast-resistant container of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a shell of the blast-resistant container of FIG. 1 marked as A in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a front view of a first layer of the shell of the blast-resistant container of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the first layer of the shell of the blast-resistant container of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is a top cross-sectional view of the blast-resistant container of FIG. 1 taken at line B-B of FIG. 1 , in a door-open position—in this view the shell is schematically represented as a line;
- FIG. 7 is the top cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 with the blast-resistant container in a door-closed position
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional top view of a shell of another embodiment of the blast-resistant container of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a front view of a first layer of a shell of a further embodiment of the blast-resistant container of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a sampling/decontamination system in accordance with a still further embodiment of the blast-resistant container of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 A blast-resistant container 20 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the blast-resistant container 20 generally consists of a substantially spherical shell 22 with a door opening 24 defined by a door frame 25 , a belly band 26 , and a door motor 28 .
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion (identified as “A” in FIG. 1 ) of the shell 22 of the blast-resistant container 20 .
- the shell 22 generally consists of a first layer 30 , a second layer 32 adjacent to and surrounding the first layer 30 , and a third layer 34 adjacent to and surrounding the second layer 32 .
- the shell 22 is shaped and sized to accommodate the most likely shapes and sizes of objects to be placed within the blast-resistant container 10 .
- the shell 22 is spherical.
- the first layer 30 consists of a plurality of adjacent and concentric spherical sub-layers 40 , one of which is depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the sub-layer 40 is constructed of a plurality of plates 36 , 38 arranged in overlapping relationship to one another. These plates 36 , 38 consist of main plates 36 and end plates 38 .
- the main plates 36 are lune-shaped. These main plates 36 are placed in overlapping relationship with their apexes aligned, to form a sphere, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the amount of overlap will depend upon the desired distance the first layer 30 is to expand upon detonation of an explosive device placed within the blast-resistant container 20 .
- the two regions where the apexes of the main plates 36 are aligned are covered by the end plates 38 to further assist in providing a seal during expansion of the first layer 30 .
- the sub-layers 40 are preferably rotated such that the apexes of the main plates 36 of any one sub-layer will not be aligned with the apexes of the main plates 36 of any other sub-layer.
- the plates 36 , 38 are preferably constructed of a material able to withstand the heat created by the explosion without significant structural degradation, and are thin enough such that they will bend slightly to substantially maintain a seal during expansion of the first layer 30 .
- the first layer 20 is constructed of steel, has a nominal diameter of 40 inches, the overlap between adjacent main plates 36 is 1′′ and the thickness of the plates 36 , 38 is ⁇ fraction (1/16) ⁇ ′′.
- each sub-layer 40 of the first layer 30 are preferably initially bonded to one another, and each sub-layer 40 of the first layer 30 is likewise initially bonded to each adjacent other sub-layer 40 , such as by spot welding, to ease construction of the shell 22 , and to maintain the configuration of the plates prior to detonation.
- the manner in which the plates 36 , 38 are attached should be sufficiently weak to allow them to slide relative to one another upon detonation of an explosive device within the shell 22 .
- the second layer 32 is also spherical in shape, lies immediately outside the first layer 30 , and is constructed of a compressible material.
- the second layer 32 is constructed of a material able to withstand the heat created by the explosion without significant structural degradation, and has a predictable force/crush profile.
- the thickness and compressibility of the second layer 32 will depend on the blast force sought to be absorbed by the container, and in the preferred embodiment, the second layer 32 is constructed of a 1′′ thick layer of 325 psi crush strength aluminum honeycomb.
- the purpose of the third layer 34 is to simply resist expansion of the second layer 32 .
- it may be lightweight.
- the third layer 34 is 1 ⁇ 8′′ thick aluminum.
- a first sub-layer 40 of the first layer 30 is formed by spot-welding each of the plates 36 , 38 in place.
- Each successive sub-layer 40 of the first layer 30 is then formed, being sure not to align the apexes of the main plates 36 of any two sub-layers 40 , again spot-welding the plates 36 , 38 in place until the first layer 30 has been fully assembled.
- Each of the second layer 32 and third layer 34 is initially formed having bottom and top halves. During construction, the bottom half of the second layer 32 is placed into the bottom half of the third layer 34 . The assembled first layer 30 is then placed into the bottom half of the second layer 32 , the top half of the second layer 32 is placed overtop the assembled first layer 30 , and then the top half of the third layer 34 is placed overtop the top half of the second layer.
- the two halves of the third layer 34 are then welded to one another, the belly band 26 is placed overtop this weld, and is itself welded to the third layer 34 to ensure that the two halves of the third layer 34 do not come apart during detonation of an explosive device within the shell 22 .
- the explosive device is placed into the shell 22 through the door opening 24 as defined by the door frame 25 having a curved interior profile.
- the explosive device is placed on a rotating tray 42 supported within the shell 22 , as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the rotating tray 42 has attached thereto a door 44 .
- the door 44 has an exterior surface which is curved so as to closely fit the curved interior profile of the door frame 25 when the tray 42 is rotated to its door-closed position as shown in FIG. 7 .
- the door 44 is attached to the tray 42 by way of telescoping rods 46 such that when the tray 42 is rotated into its door-closed position as shown in FIG.
- the door 44 may be moved away from the tray 42 so as to seal against the door frame 25 , sealing the door opening 24 .
- the movement of the door 44 away from the tray may be by means of any of a number of well-known mechanisms, resilient means such as a spring for example, or through hydraulic cylinders which either push the door 44 out from the inside of the shell 22 , or pull the door 44 out from outside the shell 22 .
- the door 44 has a three-layer construction similar to that of the shell 22 .
- the door has a first interior layer 44 a which in this case is not a series of sliding plates but is a unitary plate, a second layer 44 b of the same honeycomb material as for the second layer 32 of the shell 22 , and a third layer 44 c which again may be of a lightweight material.
- the door 44 also has a guide collar 47 a along its periphery to guide the movement of the first layer 44 a and also to shield the second layer 44 b from blast forces.
- the three-layer construction of the door 44 allows it to absorb blast forces in a manner similar to that of the shell 22 .
- the interface between the door 44 and the door frame 25 is formed such that when the door 44 is moved away from the tray 42 , a seal is formed between the door 44 and the door frame 25 .
- this seal is formed by placing an elastomeric gasket 45 in a groove 45 a formed in a rim 47 on the periphery of the third layer 44 c of the door 44 , which elastomeric gasket 45 and groove 45 a mates with the inner surface of the door frame 25 .
- the groove 45 a in the rim 47 is deeper than the depth required to contain the elastomeric gasket 45 to provide protection to the elastomeric gasket 45 from blast forces.
- the rotation of the tray 42 between its door-open and door-closed positions is controlled by a motor 28 mounted above the container 20 , which is connected to the tray 42 through a control rod 46 which travels through the shell 22 and is attached to the tray 42 .
- the entry of the control rod 46 through the shell 22 is sealed by using a sealing cap for example.
- the motor is controlled by a button (not shown) mounted to the exterior of the container 20 .
- the blast-resistant container 20 In use, when a suspected explosive device (not shown) has been located in a public area, the blast-resistant container 20 is moved to its vicinity. Transportation of the blast-resistant container 20 may be facilitated by the use of, for example, handles (not shown) welded to the exterior of the shell 22 , or by mounting the container 20 onto a trailer (not shown). The container 20 may be put into place by specialized personnel, or by using a robot. All controls required to transport the container 20 and to operate the door motor are shaped and sized to facilitate manipulation by a robot.
- the door 34 is opened if necessary, by pressing the button which controls the door motor 28 .
- the explosive device is then picked up, placed through the door opening 24 , and set on the tray 42 inside the shell 22 .
- the button is then depressed, causing the tray 42 to rotate bringing the door 44 into alignment with the door frame 25 , and then the door 44 is pressed against the door frame 25 through one of the means described above so as to create a seal.
- the explosive device is fully sealed within the blast-resistant container 20 .
- the blast-resistant container 20 is transported to another location for safe detonation of the explosive device.
- the blast force will first strike the first layer 30 of the shell 22 . Because the first layer 30 is substantially sealed, the blast will force the first layer outward, causing any bond between the plates 36 , 38 to break. The plates 36 , 38 of the first layer 30 are then free to move relative to each other and indeed do so, allowing the first layer 30 to expand. As mentioned above, during expansion of the first layer 30 , the plates 36 , 38 are sufficiently thin such that they will bend and conform to the new shape of the first layer to substantially maintain a seal, and to prevent significant escape of blast gases through the first layer 30 . The rate and degree of expansion of the first layer 30 is controlled by the second layer 32 .
- the first layer 30 As the first layer 30 expands, force is imparted onto the compressible material of the second layer 32 . Because expansion of the second layer 32 itself is prevented by the third layer 34 , the second layer 32 compresses, absorbing and dissipating the energy of the blast. Once the compression-resistance of the second layer 32 exceeds the force exerted by the dissipating blast energy, the first layer 30 will decelerate and ultimately cease expanding, and the blast will have been contained.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional top view of the shell 22 of an alternative blast-resistant container.
- the lune-shaped main plates 36 do not overlap each other. Instead, they are separated by guide ribs 48 .
- the sides of the two guide ribs 48 against which each main plate 36 abuts are parallel, such that the main plate 36 can slide axially outward while still substantially maintaining a seal in the first layer 30 .
- the first layer 30 is permitted to expand while still substantially maintaining a seal.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a sampling/decontamination system 50 which may optionally be incorporated into the preferred embodiment of the blast-resistant container 20 of the present invention for determining whether an explosive device sealed within the blast-resistant container 20 contains chemical or biological agents, and for decontaminating any such agents.
- the sampling/decontamination system 50 generally consists of a sensor 52 , a pump 54 , a first sensing valve 56 , an auxiliary inlet valve 58 , inlet nozzles 60 , an outlet 62 , a second sensing valve 64 and an auxiliary outlet valve 66 .
- the auxiliary inlet valve 58 and auxiliary outlet valve 66 are closed, the first sensing valve 56 and second sensing valve 64 are open, and the pump 54 is operated to force a flow of air through the inlet nozzles 60 which are located in the first layer 32 of the shell 30 . Air is then drawn out through the outlet 62 which is also located in the first layer 32 of the shell 30 at a location preferably diametrically opposite to the inlet nozzles 60 . This sampled air is then drawn into the sensor 52 where a determination is made as to whether the explosive device contained within the blast-resistant container 20 possesses chemical or biological agents.
- the first sensor valve 56 and second sensor valve 64 are closed.
- a line to a suitable decontamination fluid is then connected to the auxiliary inlet valve.
- This decontamination fluid may be under pressure, or it may be pumped into the system.
- the auxiliary inlet valve 58 and auxiliary outlet valve 66 are then opened allowing the decontamination fluid to be sprayed into the interior of the blast-resistant container 20 and onto the explosive device through the inlet nozzles 60 . Effluent is drawn out of the blast-resistant container through the outlet 62 and is discarded through the auxiliary outlet valve 66 .
- the air within the blast-resistant container 20 may then be sampled again using the procedure described in the preceding paragraph to assess the effectiveness of the decontamination.
- the sampling/decontamination system 50 described above is automated and controlled using a computer to facilitate the operation of the system.
- blast-resistant container comprising a portion of the shell 22 described above.
- a blast-resistant panel comprising a portion of the shell 22 described above.
- Such a panel may be any shape, curved in one direction, flat, domed inwardly or domed outwardly, for example.
- the shell 12 of the blast-resistant container 10 of the present invention has been described as a sphere, it is to be understood that other spheroid shapes are contemplated, elongated spheres and obrounds, for example.
- a suitable configuration of the first layer 30 of an obround shell is shown in FIG. 9 .
- the shell 22 of the blast-resistant container 20 of the present invention has been described as having the first layer 30 on the inside and the third layer 34 on the outside to protect against an explosive device placed within the blast-resistant container 20 , it is to be understood that the first layer 30 may be located on the outside and the third layer 34 on the inside to protect the contents of the blast-resistant container 30 from a blast occurring outside the container 30 . Thus, a large container 30 may be used to protect persons placed within the container 30 from a blast occurring outside the container 30 .
- the second layer 32 has been described above as being of honeycomb construction, it is to be understood that the second layer may be of any suitable compressible construction, closed-cell foam or springs, for example.
- main plates 36 of the first layer 30 have been described above as being lune-shaped, it is to be understood that other shapes may be used, curved triangles or rhombi for example. Additionally, although the number of main plates 36 of the first layer 30 has been described above as being 8, any suitable number of main plates 36 may be used, 4 for example.
- door 44 and tray 42 mechanism has been described in detail above, it is to be understood that any suitable door mechanism may be used.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to blast-resistant devices, and more particularly to panels and containers used to suppress the blast force of an explosion.
- With increased domestic and international terrorism, the need to protect people from the tools of terrorism has increased. Often, terrorists seek to attract attention to their cause by placing and detonating explosive devices in public areas. Such explosive devices may for example be delivered by mail, be placed in a container such as a suitcase and placed on an airplane or in an office lobby, or may simply be placed in a hidden area such as under a staircase.
- When such an explosive device is discovered, it is often desired to place the device within a blast-resistant container such that the device may be transported to an area where it may be safely detonated, or such that the device may be detonated within the container itself. Alternatively, it may be desired to shield people from a possible explosion using blast-resistant panels, or by placing people within a blast-resistant room or container.
- In the past, such blast-resistant panels and containers have generally been of a bulky and heavy design. An example of such a device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,247 (Benedick et al.), wherein protection from the blast force is afforded by thick steel walls.
- More recently, lighter and less bulky blast-resistant containers have been developed. Such containers typically have shells of sandwich construction, with relatively light outer and inner walls and a compressible material between the two walls to absorb the blast force. Examples of such blast-resistant containers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,258 (Yerushalmi), and in published U.K. Patent Application 2,262,798 A (Rowse et al.).
- It has been discovered that such sandwich construction panels and containers often fail when the inner wall is ruptured by the blast force, allowing blast gases to escape through a small opening, concentrating the force of the blast gases on a small portion of the compressible material and ultimately on the outer wall. This problem is particularly acute when the compressible material is of honeycomb construction as the escaping blast gases simply pass through the holes in the honeycomb and impinge on the outer wall directly.
- This problem is partly solved with respect to flat panels in Rowse et al. through use of corrugated or concertina shaped sheets embedded in the compressible material. However, such a construction is effective only in permitting expansion of the sheet in one direction—perpendicular to the corrugations, whereas the force of the blast is more effectively absorbed if the sheet is permitted to expand in two directions. Furthermore, the corrugated sheets result in complex construction, since the surfaces of the compressible material adjacent the corrugated sheets would need to be corrugated themselves to allow the compressible material to lie flush against the corrugated sheet.
- According to a broad aspect, the present invention provides a blast-resistant panel having a first layer of overlapping plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer, and a third layer located adjacent the second layer, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the overlapping plates slide relative to one another allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- According to another aspect, the present invention provides a blast-resistant panel having a first layer of axially-slidable plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer, guiding ribs between the plates of the first layer to guide axial movement of the plates., said guiding ribs being shaped to substantially provide and maintain a seal with the plates during axial sliding of the plates and a third layer located adjacent the second layer, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the plates slide toward the third layer, guided by the guiding ribs, allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- According to a further aspect, the present invention provides a blast-resistant container having a substantially spheroid shell having a first layer of overlapping plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer and a third layer located adjacent the second layer, and a sealable door in the shell, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the overlapping plates of the first layer slide relative to one another allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- According to a further aspect, the present invention provides a blast-resistant container having a substantially spheroid shell having a first layer of axially-slidable plates, a compressible second layer located adjacent the first layer, guiding ribs between the plates of the first layer to guide axial movement of the plates, said guiding ribs being shaped to substantially provide and maintain a seal with the plates during axial sliding of the plates, and a third layer located adjacent the second layer and a door in the shell, wherein upon detonation of an explosive located adjacent the first layer, the plates slide toward the third layer, guided by the guiding ribs, allowing the first layer to compress the second layer without permitting substantial release of gases through the first layer, the second layer absorbing energy from the blast, and the third layer restricting substantial displacement of the second layer.
- The embodiments of the present invention comprising a container also contemplate a sampling/decontamination system for determining the presence of, and decontaminating at least one of chemical and biological agents within the container.
- The embodiments of the present invention comprising a container also contemplate a door having a three-layer construction similar to that described above.
- Advantageously, upon detonation of an explosive placed near the first layer of the blast-resistant panels and containers of the present invention, the first layer is permitted to move towards the third layer without substantial release of gases therethrough, thereby allowing the panels and containers to more effectively absorb blast forces. Additionally, construction is simplified, particularly with respect to the embodiments of the present invention involving sliding plates, since the compressible second layer requires only minimal shaping to lie flush against the first layer.
- Other objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying sheets of drawings.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the attached drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a front view of a blast-resistant container according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 is a top view of the blast-resistant container ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a shell of the blast-resistant container ofFIG. 1 marked as A inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a front view of a first layer of the shell of the blast-resistant container ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a top view of the first layer of the shell of the blast-resistant container ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is a top cross-sectional view of the blast-resistant container ofFIG. 1 taken at line B-B ofFIG. 1 , in a door-open position—in this view the shell is schematically represented as a line; -
FIG. 7 is the top cross-sectional view ofFIG. 7 with the blast-resistant container in a door-closed position; -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional top view of a shell of another embodiment of the blast-resistant container of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a front view of a first layer of a shell of a further embodiment of the blast-resistant container of the present invention; and -
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a sampling/decontamination system in accordance with a still further embodiment of the blast-resistant container of the present invention. - A blast-
resistant container 20 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown inFIG. 1 . As viewed from the exterior, the blast-resistant container 20 generally consists of a substantiallyspherical shell 22 with a door opening 24 defined by adoor frame 25, abelly band 26, and adoor motor 28. - The construction of the
shell 22 is best seen inFIG. 3 which is a cross-sectional view of a portion (identified as “A” inFIG. 1 ) of theshell 22 of the blast-resistant container 20. Theshell 22 generally consists of afirst layer 30, asecond layer 32 adjacent to and surrounding thefirst layer 30, and athird layer 34 adjacent to and surrounding thesecond layer 32. Theshell 22 is shaped and sized to accommodate the most likely shapes and sizes of objects to be placed within the blast-resistant container 10. As noted previously, in the preferred embodiment, theshell 22 is spherical. - In the preferred embodiment, the
first layer 30 consists of a plurality of adjacent and concentricspherical sub-layers 40, one of which is depicted inFIGS. 4 and 5 . Thesub-layer 40 is constructed of a plurality ofplates plates main plates 36 andend plates 38. Themain plates 36, are lune-shaped. Thesemain plates 36 are placed in overlapping relationship with their apexes aligned, to form a sphere, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5 . The amount of overlap will depend upon the desired distance thefirst layer 30 is to expand upon detonation of an explosive device placed within the blast-resistant container 20. The two regions where the apexes of themain plates 36 are aligned are covered by theend plates 38 to further assist in providing a seal during expansion of thefirst layer 30. - When the plurality of
sub-layers 40 are assembled to form thefirst layer 30, thesub-layers 40 are preferably rotated such that the apexes of themain plates 36 of any one sub-layer will not be aligned with the apexes of themain plates 36 of any other sub-layer. Theplates first layer 30. In the preferred embodiment, thefirst layer 20 is constructed of steel, has a nominal diameter of 40 inches, the overlap between adjacentmain plates 36 is 1″ and the thickness of theplates plates sub-layer 40 of thefirst layer 30 are preferably initially bonded to one another, and eachsub-layer 40 of thefirst layer 30 is likewise initially bonded to each adjacentother sub-layer 40, such as by spot welding, to ease construction of theshell 22, and to maintain the configuration of the plates prior to detonation. However, the manner in which theplates shell 22. - The
second layer 32 is also spherical in shape, lies immediately outside thefirst layer 30, and is constructed of a compressible material. Preferably, thesecond layer 32 is constructed of a material able to withstand the heat created by the explosion without significant structural degradation, and has a predictable force/crush profile. The thickness and compressibility of thesecond layer 32 will depend on the blast force sought to be absorbed by the container, and in the preferred embodiment, thesecond layer 32 is constructed of a 1″ thick layer of 325 psi crush strength aluminum honeycomb. - In the preferred embodiment, the purpose of the
third layer 34 is to simply resist expansion of thesecond layer 32. Thus, it may be lightweight. In the preferred embodiment, thethird layer 34 is ⅛″ thick aluminum. - To construct the
shell 22 of thepreferred embodiment container 20, afirst sub-layer 40 of thefirst layer 30 is formed by spot-welding each of theplates successive sub-layer 40 of thefirst layer 30 is then formed, being sure not to align the apexes of themain plates 36 of any twosub-layers 40, again spot-welding theplates first layer 30 has been fully assembled. - Each of the
second layer 32 andthird layer 34 is initially formed having bottom and top halves. During construction, the bottom half of thesecond layer 32 is placed into the bottom half of thethird layer 34. The assembledfirst layer 30 is then placed into the bottom half of thesecond layer 32, the top half of thesecond layer 32 is placed overtop the assembledfirst layer 30, and then the top half of thethird layer 34 is placed overtop the top half of the second layer. - The two halves of the
third layer 34 are then welded to one another, thebelly band 26 is placed overtop this weld, and is itself welded to thethird layer 34 to ensure that the two halves of thethird layer 34 do not come apart during detonation of an explosive device within theshell 22. - The explosive device is placed into the
shell 22 through the door opening 24 as defined by thedoor frame 25 having a curved interior profile. Once inside theshell 22, the explosive device is placed on arotating tray 42 supported within theshell 22, as shown inFIG. 6 . The rotatingtray 42 has attached thereto adoor 44. Thedoor 44 has an exterior surface which is curved so as to closely fit the curved interior profile of thedoor frame 25 when thetray 42 is rotated to its door-closed position as shown inFIG. 7 . Thedoor 44 is attached to thetray 42 by way oftelescoping rods 46 such that when thetray 42 is rotated into its door-closed position as shown inFIG. 7 , thedoor 44 may be moved away from thetray 42 so as to seal against thedoor frame 25, sealing thedoor opening 24. The movement of thedoor 44 away from the tray may be by means of any of a number of well-known mechanisms, resilient means such as a spring for example, or through hydraulic cylinders which either push thedoor 44 out from the inside of theshell 22, or pull thedoor 44 out from outside theshell 22. - In the preferred embodiment, the
door 44 has a three-layer construction similar to that of theshell 22. In particular, the door has a first interior layer 44 a which in this case is not a series of sliding plates but is a unitary plate, a second layer 44 b of the same honeycomb material as for thesecond layer 32 of theshell 22, and a third layer 44 c which again may be of a lightweight material. Thedoor 44 also has aguide collar 47 a along its periphery to guide the movement of the first layer 44 a and also to shield the second layer 44 b from blast forces. The three-layer construction of thedoor 44 allows it to absorb blast forces in a manner similar to that of theshell 22. - The interface between the
door 44 and thedoor frame 25 is formed such that when thedoor 44 is moved away from thetray 42, a seal is formed between thedoor 44 and thedoor frame 25. In the preferred embodiment, this seal is formed by placing anelastomeric gasket 45 in a groove 45 a formed in a rim 47 on the periphery of the third layer 44 c of thedoor 44, whichelastomeric gasket 45 and groove 45 a mates with the inner surface of thedoor frame 25. The groove 45 a in the rim 47 is deeper than the depth required to contain theelastomeric gasket 45 to provide protection to theelastomeric gasket 45 from blast forces. - The rotation of the
tray 42 between its door-open and door-closed positions is controlled by amotor 28 mounted above thecontainer 20, which is connected to thetray 42 through acontrol rod 46 which travels through theshell 22 and is attached to thetray 42. The entry of thecontrol rod 46 through theshell 22 is sealed by using a sealing cap for example. The motor is controlled by a button (not shown) mounted to the exterior of thecontainer 20. - In use, when a suspected explosive device (not shown) has been located in a public area, the blast-
resistant container 20 is moved to its vicinity. Transportation of the blast-resistant container 20 may be facilitated by the use of, for example, handles (not shown) welded to the exterior of theshell 22, or by mounting thecontainer 20 onto a trailer (not shown). Thecontainer 20 may be put into place by specialized personnel, or by using a robot. All controls required to transport thecontainer 20 and to operate the door motor are shaped and sized to facilitate manipulation by a robot. - Once the blast-
resistant container 20 has been set down, thedoor 34 is opened if necessary, by pressing the button which controls thedoor motor 28. The explosive device is then picked up, placed through thedoor opening 24, and set on thetray 42 inside theshell 22. The button is then depressed, causing thetray 42 to rotate bringing thedoor 44 into alignment with thedoor frame 25, and then thedoor 44 is pressed against thedoor frame 25 through one of the means described above so as to create a seal. At this point the explosive device is fully sealed within the blast-resistant container 20. The blast-resistant container 20 is transported to another location for safe detonation of the explosive device. - Should the explosive device detonate within the blast-
resistant container 20, the blast force will first strike thefirst layer 30 of theshell 22. Because thefirst layer 30 is substantially sealed, the blast will force the first layer outward, causing any bond between theplates plates first layer 30 are then free to move relative to each other and indeed do so, allowing thefirst layer 30 to expand. As mentioned above, during expansion of thefirst layer 30, theplates first layer 30. The rate and degree of expansion of thefirst layer 30 is controlled by thesecond layer 32. As thefirst layer 30 expands, force is imparted onto the compressible material of thesecond layer 32. Because expansion of thesecond layer 32 itself is prevented by thethird layer 34, thesecond layer 32 compresses, absorbing and dissipating the energy of the blast. Once the compression-resistance of thesecond layer 32 exceeds the force exerted by the dissipating blast energy, thefirst layer 30 will decelerate and ultimately cease expanding, and the blast will have been contained. - An alternative configuration of a
shell 22 of an embodiment of the present invention is shown inFIG. 8 .FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional top view of theshell 22 of an alternative blast-resistant container. In this configuration, the lune-shapedmain plates 36 do not overlap each other. Instead, they are separated byguide ribs 48. The sides of the twoguide ribs 48 against which eachmain plate 36 abuts are parallel, such that themain plate 36 can slide axially outward while still substantially maintaining a seal in thefirst layer 30. Thus, again, thefirst layer 30 is permitted to expand while still substantially maintaining a seal. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a sampling/decontamination system 50 which may optionally be incorporated into the preferred embodiment of the blast-resistant container 20 of the present invention for determining whether an explosive device sealed within the blast-resistant container 20 contains chemical or biological agents, and for decontaminating any such agents. - The sampling/decontamination system 50 generally consists of a
sensor 52, a pump 54, afirst sensing valve 56, anauxiliary inlet valve 58,inlet nozzles 60, anoutlet 62, asecond sensing valve 64 and anauxiliary outlet valve 66. - In the sampling mode, the
auxiliary inlet valve 58 andauxiliary outlet valve 66 are closed, thefirst sensing valve 56 andsecond sensing valve 64 are open, and the pump 54 is operated to force a flow of air through theinlet nozzles 60 which are located in thefirst layer 32 of theshell 30. Air is then drawn out through theoutlet 62 which is also located in thefirst layer 32 of theshell 30 at a location preferably diametrically opposite to theinlet nozzles 60. This sampled air is then drawn into thesensor 52 where a determination is made as to whether the explosive device contained within the blast-resistant container 20 possesses chemical or biological agents. - If any such agents are found, the
first sensor valve 56 andsecond sensor valve 64 are closed. A line to a suitable decontamination fluid is then connected to the auxiliary inlet valve. This decontamination fluid may be under pressure, or it may be pumped into the system. Theauxiliary inlet valve 58 andauxiliary outlet valve 66 are then opened allowing the decontamination fluid to be sprayed into the interior of the blast-resistant container 20 and onto the explosive device through theinlet nozzles 60. Effluent is drawn out of the blast-resistant container through theoutlet 62 and is discarded through theauxiliary outlet valve 66. Optionally, the air within the blast-resistant container 20 may then be sampled again using the procedure described in the preceding paragraph to assess the effectiveness of the decontamination. - Preferably, the sampling/decontamination system 50 described above is automated and controlled using a computer to facilitate the operation of the system.
- Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above as a blast-resistant container, it is to be understood that the present invention also contemplates a blast-resistant panel comprising a portion of the
shell 22 described above. Such a panel may be any shape, curved in one direction, flat, domed inwardly or domed outwardly, for example. - Although the shell 12 of the blast-
resistant container 10 of the present invention has been described as a sphere, it is to be understood that other spheroid shapes are contemplated, elongated spheres and obrounds, for example. A suitable configuration of thefirst layer 30 of an obround shell is shown inFIG. 9 . - Although the
shell 22 of the blast-resistant container 20 of the present invention has been described as having thefirst layer 30 on the inside and thethird layer 34 on the outside to protect against an explosive device placed within the blast-resistant container 20, it is to be understood that thefirst layer 30 may be located on the outside and thethird layer 34 on the inside to protect the contents of the blast-resistant container 30 from a blast occurring outside thecontainer 30. Thus, alarge container 30 may be used to protect persons placed within thecontainer 30 from a blast occurring outside thecontainer 30. - Although the
second layer 32 has been described above as being of honeycomb construction, it is to be understood that the second layer may be of any suitable compressible construction, closed-cell foam or springs, for example. - Although the
main plates 36 of thefirst layer 30 have been described above as being lune-shaped, it is to be understood that other shapes may be used, curved triangles or rhombi for example. Additionally, although the number ofmain plates 36 of thefirst layer 30 has been described above as being 8, any suitable number ofmain plates 36 may be used, 4 for example. - Although the
door 44 andtray 42 mechanism has been described in detail above, it is to be understood that any suitable door mechanism may be used. - Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Claims (43)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2004/001443 WO2005015119A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-08-03 | Blast-resistant panels and containers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2,437,144 | 2003-08-08 | ||
CA002437144A CA2437144A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | Blast-resistant panels and containers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050029262A1 true US20050029262A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
Family
ID=34109546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/774,677 Abandoned US20050029262A1 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2004-02-09 | Blast-resistant panels and containers |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050029262A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2437144A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
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US20060086735A1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Weerth D E | Lightweight spherical blast resistant container |
US20070131684A1 (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2007-06-14 | Salvatore Cirillo | Case for small explosive device |
US20090044690A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2009-02-19 | Nabco, Inc. | Sealed upscale total containment vessel |
WO2017019144A1 (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-02-02 | Rocky Research | Multilayered composite ballistic article |
CN107504176A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江美丽健乳业有限公司 | Storage tank |
US10145655B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2018-12-04 | Rocky Research | Multilayered composite ballistic article |
CN112688010A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 上海工程技术大学 | Wearable battery pack |
CN113295066A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Active reaction type energetic material sandwich cylindrical anti-explosion structure |
CN114890006A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 晟普特(北京)防护科技有限公司 | Novel integrated bulletproof oil tank structure |
CN115307505A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 南京理工大学 | Underwater optical device protection structure applied to explosion water tank |
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CN113295066A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Active reaction type energetic material sandwich cylindrical anti-explosion structure |
CN114890006A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 晟普特(北京)防护科技有限公司 | Novel integrated bulletproof oil tank structure |
CN115307505A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 南京理工大学 | Underwater optical device protection structure applied to explosion water tank |
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