US20050103404A1 - Low nickel containing chromim-nickel-mananese-copper austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Low nickel containing chromim-nickel-mananese-copper austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- US20050103404A1 US20050103404A1 US10/993,674 US99367404A US2005103404A1 US 20050103404 A1 US20050103404 A1 US 20050103404A1 US 99367404 A US99367404 A US 99367404A US 2005103404 A1 US2005103404 A1 US 2005103404A1
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- stainless steel
- austenitic stainless
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JJUHXKFKTGTGRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ni].[Mn].[Cr] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ni].[Mn].[Cr] JJUHXKFKTGTGRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- AYOOGWWGECJQPI-NSHDSACASA-N n-[(1s)-1-(5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl)ethyl]-3-(3-propan-2-yloxy-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-amine Chemical compound N1C(OC(C)C)=CC(N2C3=NC(N[C@@H](C)C=4N=CC(F)=CN=4)=CC=C3N=C2)=N1 AYOOGWWGECJQPI-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- This invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel, more particularly to a low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,310 discloses a low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel that has a reduced nickel content and acceptable metallographic structure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and workability.
- the aforesaid austenitic stainless steel contains at least 16.5% by weight of chromium so as to provide acceptable corrosion resistance. However, the chromium content should not exceed 17.5% by weight so as to prevent undesired formation of delta ferrite ( ⁇ -ferrite) during hot working and impairment to hot workability.
- the aforesaid austenitic stainless steel further contains at least 2.5% by weight of nickel so as to improve cold workability and so as to inhibit transformation of austenite into martensite. However, nickel content should not exceed 5% by weight due to the relatively high price thereof.
- the aforesaid austenitic stainless steel is capable of providing acceptable corrosion resistance and cold or hot workability, the chromium content thereof is still high (previous investigation has shown that at least 17% by weight of chromium is necessary to provide minimum levels of corrosion resistance), which can impair stability of the austenitic stainless steel and which can cause cracking during hot rolling.
- an austenitic stainless steel that comprises: (a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C; (b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si; (c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn; (d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr; (e) 4.05 wt % to 4.31 wt % of Ni; (f) 0.04 wt % to 0.07 wt % of N; (g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu; (h) trace amount of Mo; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between ⁇ -ferrite content of the preferred embodiment of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention and hot working temperature.
- the preferred embodiment of the low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel of the present invention comprises: (a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C; (b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si; (c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn; (d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr; (e) 4.05 wt % to 4.31 wt % of Ni; (f) 0.04 wt % to 0.07 wt % of N; (g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu; (h) trace amount of Mo; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.
- the austenitic stainless steel can further comprise 5 to 30 ppm of B so as to improve hot workability.
- the contents of harmful impurities, such as S (sulfur) and P (phosphorous), are as small as possible.
- S (sulfur) and P (phosphorous) are as small as possible.
- the S content is limited to 150 ppm
- the P content is limited to 0.06 wt %.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the relationship between the ⁇ -ferrite content of the preferred embodiment of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention and temperature. The results show that when temperature is raised to above 1250° C. during hot rolling, the ⁇ -ferrite content rises sharply, which results in the risk of edge cracking of a rolled plate of the austenitic stainless steel. In addition, a minimum temperature of 1050° C. during hot rolling is required so as to obtain the requisite mechanical strength.
- Table 1 illustrates an edge crack effect test for different test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of Examples 1 to 9 and comparative Examples 1 to 5, which differ in composition (only elements Ni, C, Si, Mn, Cr, Cu, and N are shown).
- the test was conducted by hot rolling at a temperature ranging from 1050° C. to 1250° C.
- the test results show that each Example of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention has a ⁇ -ferrite content less than 8.5, and that no edge cracking was observed for the test specimens of Examples 1 to 9.
- Each of the test specimens of the Comparative Examples 1 to 5 has a ⁇ -ferrite content greater than 8.5. Edge cracks were found in each of the test specimens of the Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- Table 2 illustrates a corrosion resistance test (ASTM B117) using salt fog for different test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of Examples 10 to 12 and comparative Example 6 (type 304 stainless steel), which differ in composition (only elements Ni, C, Si, Mn, Cr, Cu, and B are shown)
- the test results show that each Example of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention has a corrosion rate that is as low as that of the type 304 stainless steel (no more than 0.1%) of the prior art.
- the chromium content in each of the Examples 1 to 12 of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention is less than 17 wt %, which is a minimum requirement of the prior art for providing minimum levels of corrosion resistance.
- Table 3 illustrates compositions of test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of Examples 13 to 22 and comparative Examples 7 to 10 (only elements Ni, C, Si, Mn, Cr, and Cu are shown).
- Table 4 illustrates a mechanical strength test for the test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of the Examples 13 to 22 and the comparative Examples 7 to 10. The test results show that the austenitic stainless steel of this invention has an elongation better than those of type 304 stainless steel of the prior art. Other mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness, of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention are comparable to those of type 304 stainless steel of the prior art.
- the austenitic stainless steel of this invention is capable of exhibiting excellent mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and phase stability during hot or cold working with a relatively low nickel content and a low chromium content as compared to those of the prior art.
Abstract
An austenitic stainless steel includes (a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C, (b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si, (c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn, (d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr, (e) 4.05 wt % to 4.31 wt % of Ni, (f) 0.04 wt % to 0.07 wt % of N, (g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu, (h) trace amount of Mo, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The austenitic stainless steel has a δ-ferrite content less than 8.5 and equal to 6.77[(d)+(h)+1.5(b)]−4.85[(e)+30(a)+30(f)+0.5(c)+0.3(g)]−52.75.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/353,167, filed by the applicant on Jan. 28, 2003, and abandoned as of the filing date of this application. The entire disclosure of the parent application is incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel, more particularly to a low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,310 discloses a low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel that has a reduced nickel content and acceptable metallographic structure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and workability. The aforesaid austenitic stainless steel contains at least 16.5% by weight of chromium so as to provide acceptable corrosion resistance. However, the chromium content should not exceed 17.5% by weight so as to prevent undesired formation of delta ferrite (δ-ferrite) during hot working and impairment to hot workability. The aforesaid austenitic stainless steel further contains at least 2.5% by weight of nickel so as to improve cold workability and so as to inhibit transformation of austenite into martensite. However, nickel content should not exceed 5% by weight due to the relatively high price thereof.
- Although the aforesaid austenitic stainless steel is capable of providing acceptable corrosion resistance and cold or hot workability, the chromium content thereof is still high (previous investigation has shown that at least 17% by weight of chromium is necessary to provide minimum levels of corrosion resistance), which can impair stability of the austenitic stainless steel and which can cause cracking during hot rolling.
- The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,310 is incorporated herein by reference.
- Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel that is capable of overcoming the aforesaid drawbacks of the prior art.
- According to this invention, there is provided an austenitic stainless steel that comprises: (a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C; (b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si; (c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn; (d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr; (e) 4.05 wt % to 4.31 wt % of Ni; (f) 0.04 wt % to 0.07 wt % of N; (g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu; (h) trace amount of Mo; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The austenitic stainless steel has a δ-ferrite content that is less than 8.5 and that satisfies the following formula
δ-ferrite=6.77 [(d)+(h)+1.5(b)]−4.85[(e)+30(a)+30(f)+0.5(c)+0.3(g)]−52.75. - In drawing which illustrates an embodiment of the invention,
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between δ-ferrite content of the preferred embodiment of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention and hot working temperature. - The preferred embodiment of the low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese-copper austenitic stainless steel of the present invention comprises: (a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C; (b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si; (c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn; (d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr; (e) 4.05 wt % to 4.31 wt % of Ni; (f) 0.04 wt % to 0.07 wt % of N; (g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu; (h) trace amount of Mo; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The austenitic stainless steel has a δ-ferrite content that is less than 8.5 and that satisfies the following formula
δ-ferrite=6.77[(d)+(h)+1.5(b)]−4.85[(e)+30(a)+30(f)+0.5(c)+0.3(g)]−52.75,
wherein (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) in the formula mean the content of the respective elements (wt %). - The austenitic stainless steel can further comprise 5 to 30 ppm of B so as to improve hot workability. The contents of harmful impurities, such as S (sulfur) and P (phosphorous), are as small as possible. However, due to cost concerns associated with removal of these impurities, the S content is limited to 150 ppm, and the P content is limited to 0.06 wt %.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates the relationship between the δ-ferrite content of the preferred embodiment of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention and temperature. The results show that when temperature is raised to above 1250° C. during hot rolling, the δ-ferrite content rises sharply, which results in the risk of edge cracking of a rolled plate of the austenitic stainless steel. In addition, a minimum temperature of 1050° C. during hot rolling is required so as to obtain the requisite mechanical strength. - The following Examples and Comparative Examples illustrate the unexpectedly better results of this invention over the prior art.
- Table 1 illustrates an edge crack effect test for different test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of Examples 1 to 9 and comparative Examples 1 to 5, which differ in composition (only elements Ni, C, Si, Mn, Cr, Cu, and N are shown). The test was conducted by hot rolling at a temperature ranging from 1050° C. to 1250° C. The test results show that each Example of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention has a δ-ferrite content less than 8.5, and that no edge cracking was observed for the test specimens of Examples 1 to 9. Each of the test specimens of the Comparative Examples 1 to 5 has a δ-ferrite content greater than 8.5. Edge cracks were found in each of the test specimens of the Comparative Examples 1 to 5. The results shown in Table 1 demonstrate that edge cracks can be avoided when the Ni content ranges from 4.05% to 4.55% with the Nitrogen content ranging from 0.04% to 0.061%.
TABLE 1 Ni C Si Mn Cr Cu N δ-ferrite Edge crack Examples 1 4.31 0.053 0.50 7.60 16.30 1.60 0.041 8.49 None 2 4.05 0.032 0.53 7.85 15.36 1.71 0.04 6.636 None 3 4.07 0.032 0.54 8.00 15.33 1.66 0.043 6.259 Noen 4 4.55 0.032 0.58 7.54 15.23 1.59 0.041 4.984 None 5 4.15 0.059 0.62 7.44 15.26 1.65 0.042 3.859 None 6 4.24 0.046 0.42 7.86 15.68 1.66 0.061 3.278 None 7 4.21 0.051 0.49 7.63 15.16 1.62 0.041 1.684 None 8 4.09 0.060 0.50 8.08 15.14 1.70 0.042 0.109 None 9 4.19 0.066 0.54 7.76 14.99 1.65 0.044 −1.989 None Comparative Examples 1 4.31 0.039 0.47 7.07 19.04 2.15 0.039 28.58 Cracking 2 4.36 0.05 0.45 7.58 17.53 2.03 0.039 15.82 Cracking 3 4.37 0.046 0.47 7.96 18.33 1.71 0.035 22.60 Cracking 4 4.77 0.052 0.51 7.54 18.13 1.73 0.032 19.85 Cracking 5 4.45 0.051 0.53 7.5 16.20 1.5 0.031 9.1 cracking - Table 2 illustrates a corrosion resistance test (ASTM B117) using salt fog for different test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of Examples 10 to 12 and comparative Example 6 (type 304 stainless steel), which differ in composition (only elements Ni, C, Si, Mn, Cr, Cu, and B are shown) The test results show that each Example of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention has a corrosion rate that is as low as that of the type 304 stainless steel (no more than 0.1%) of the prior art.
TABLE 2 Corro- sion Ni C Si Mn Cr Cu B rate Exam- ples 10 4.40 0.058 0.48 7.56 15.26 1.79 0.0001 ≦0.1 wt % 11 4.11 0.051 0.54 7.86 15.35 1.69 0.0032 ≦0.1 wt % 12 3.40 0.059 0.77 7.84 14.94 1.78 0.0001 ≦0.1 wt % Compar- ative Exam- ple 6 8.02 0.045 0.53 1.25 18.19 0.23 0.0008 ≦0.1 wt % - It is noted that the chromium content in each of the Examples 1 to 12 of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention is less than 17 wt %, which is a minimum requirement of the prior art for providing minimum levels of corrosion resistance.
- Table 3 illustrates compositions of test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of Examples 13 to 22 and comparative Examples 7 to 10 (only elements Ni, C, Si, Mn, Cr, and Cu are shown). Table 4 illustrates a mechanical strength test for the test specimens of the austenitic stainless steel of the Examples 13 to 22 and the comparative Examples 7 to 10. The test results show that the austenitic stainless steel of this invention has an elongation better than those of type 304 stainless steel of the prior art. Other mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness, of the austenitic stainless steel of this invention are comparable to those of type 304 stainless steel of the prior art.
TABLE 3 Ni C Si Mn Cr Cu Examples 13 4.26 0.036 0.56 7.7 15.12 1.67 14 4.21 0.039 0.47 7.97 15.32 1.66 15 4.21 0.056 0.54 7.69 15.26 1.79 16 4.15 0.049 0.48 7.7 15.26 1.66 17 4.20 0.040 0.49 7.93 15.35 1.67 18 4.21 0.039 0.48 7.96 15.29 1.66 19 4.22 0.044 0.46 7.93 15.01 1.70 20 4.17 0.064 0.5 7.71 15.16 1.65 21 4.20 0.055 0.52 7.70 15.32 1.68 22 4.41 0.058 0.48 7.56 15.27 1.80 Comparative Example 7 8.06 0.039 0.53 1.17 18.14 0.23 8 8.04 0.041 0.50 1.15 18.15 0.21 9 8.08 0.039 0.49 1.18 18.17 0.24 10 8.03 0.040 0.52 1.11 18.09 0.22 -
TABLE 4 Tensile strength, Yield strength, Hardness, Elongation, (MPa) (MPa) (HRBO) (%) Examples 13 621.7 313.3 83.5 55.2 14 630.2 289.5 82.5 55.3 15 628.5 287.6 82.3 55.0 16 642.3 291.3 82.8 53.1 17 618.4 312.0 84.3 53.7 18 634.6 296.4 82.8 53.8 19 639.0 317.2 83.9 54.1 20 642.6 319.7 84.7 54.3 21 621.7 313.3 83.5 55.2 22 641.9 301.6 83.4 53.4 Comparative Examples 7 660.0 324.6 83.2 49.1 8 660.6 325.0 82.6 46.8 9 663.8 328.9 82.4 48.8 10 657.8 322.8 81.8 48.5 - The aforesaid tests show that the austenitic stainless steel of this invention is capable of exhibiting excellent mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and phase stability during hot or cold working with a relatively low nickel content and a low chromium content as compared to those of the prior art.
- With the invention thus explained, it is apparent that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An austenitic stainless steel comprising:
δ-ferrite=6.77[(d)+(h)+1.5(b)]−4.85[(e)+30(a)+30(f)+0.5(c)+0.3(g)]−52.75.
(a) 0.03 wt % to 0.12 wt % of C;
(b) 0.2 wt % to 1.0 wt % of Si;
(c) 7.5 wt % to 10.5 wt % of Mn;
(d) 14.0 wt % to 16.0 wt % of Cr;
(e) 4.05 wt % to 4.31 wt % of Ni;
(f) 0.04 wt % to 0.07 wt % of N;
(g) 1.0 wt % to 3.5 wt % of Cu;
(h) trace amount of Mo; and
the balance being Fe and incidental impurities;
wherein said austenitic stainless steel has a δ-ferrite content that is less than 8.5 and that satisfies the following formula
δ-ferrite=6.77[(d)+(h)+1.5(b)]−4.85[(e)+30(a)+30(f)+0.5(c)+0.3(g)]−52.75.
2. The austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 , further comprising 5 to 30 ppm of B.
3. The austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 , further comprising no more than 150 ppm of S.
4. The austenitic stainless steel of claim 1 , further comprising no more than 0.06 wt % of P.
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US10/993,674 US20050103404A1 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2004-11-19 | Low nickel containing chromim-nickel-mananese-copper austenitic stainless steel |
US11/866,869 US7780908B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2007-10-03 | Low nickel containing chromium-nickel-manganese- copper austenitic stainless steel |
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US20090142218A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Lean austenitic stainless steel |
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