US20050105023A1 - Display apparatus with improved luminescence - Google Patents
Display apparatus with improved luminescence Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050105023A1 US20050105023A1 US10/796,375 US79637504A US2005105023A1 US 20050105023 A1 US20050105023 A1 US 20050105023A1 US 79637504 A US79637504 A US 79637504A US 2005105023 A1 US2005105023 A1 US 2005105023A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- region
- interface
- reflective
- organic layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
- G02F2201/123—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode pixel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an array substrate, a method of manufacturing the array substrate and a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus having the array substrate. More particularly, the present invention relates to an array substrate capable of decreasing light leakage and afterimage and capable of increasing transmittance and reflectance, a method of manufacturing such array substrate, and an LCD apparatus having the array substrate.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- LCD apparatuses are well-known display devices.
- images are displayed by controlling the transmission of light through a layer of liquid crystals.
- the liquid crystals change their orientation in response to electric field, and the orientation of the liquid crystals determines how much light passes through the liquid crystal layer.
- the desired image can be displayed.
- a typical LCD apparatus incorporates an internal light source, a reflective surface that allows utilization of light coming from a source external to the apparatus, or both.
- a transmissive-type LCD apparatus which displays images by using an internal light source, requires a battery for power supply. This requirement for a battery is disadvantageous, as the battery increases the weight and the size of the LCD apparatus.
- a reflective-type LCD apparatus which relies on an external source for light supply, does not need a battery.
- the reflective LCD apparatus suffers from another disadvantage of the device luminance depending on the amount of ambient light that is available. In a dark environment, for example, the reflective-type LCD apparatus will not demonstrate high luminance.
- Reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatuses that include both an internal light source and a reflective surface do not suffer either of the disadvantages described above to the extent that the reflective-type or the transmissive-type LCD apparatuses do.
- a reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatus displays images by transmitting the light from the internal light source and reflecting any external light.
- the internal light source allows the apparatus to maintain a desired level of luminance regardless of the amount of ambient light that is available. At the same time, since the apparatus is able to utilize external light when external light is available, power is conserved and a large battery is not necessary.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a conventional reflective-transmissive LCD apparatus 10 . Although a backlight assembly that provides the internal light is part of the apparatus, it is not shown in the Figures.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A′ of FIG. 1 .
- the conventional LCD apparatus 10 has a contact hole.
- the LCD apparatus 10 includes a first member 170 , a second member 180 , and a liquid crystal layer 108 .
- the first member 170 includes a first substrate 100 , a black matrix 102 , a color filter 104 , a first electrode 106 , and a spacer 110 .
- the second member 180 includes a second substrate 120 , a thin film transistor 119 , a gate insulating layer 126 , a passivation layer 116 , an organic layer 114 , a second electrode 112 and a reflective electrode 113 . Part of the organic layer 114 is removed to form an opening 129 , which defines a transmissive region 150 .
- the area outside the opening 129 that includes a thick layer of the organic layer 114 forms a reflective region 160 .
- a contact hole 128 extends through the organic layer 114 .
- the second member 180 has a pixel region 140 and a peripheral region 145 .
- the transmissive region 150 and the reflective region 160 are located in the pixel region 140 .
- the liquid crystals in the LCD apparatus may be arranged in the mixed twisted nematic (MTN) mode or the homogeneous mode.
- MTN mixed twisted nematic
- the liquid crystals are twisted at an angle that is no greater than 90°.
- the transmittance of the reflective-transmissive LCD apparatus increases.
- the light from the internal light source enters the liquid crystal layer from a second member 180 , passes through the liquid crystals, and exits the LCD apparatus by passing through a first member 170 .
- the externally provided light reaches the liquid crystal layer through the first member 170 and is reflected back out of the apparatus by the reflective electrode 113 .
- the thin film transistor 119 which is disposed in the reflective region 160 , includes a source electrode 118 a, a gate electrode 118 b, a drain electrode 118 c, and a semiconductor layer pattern.
- the source electrode 118 a is electrically connected to a source line 118 a′ and the gate electrode 118 b is electrically connected to a gate line 118 b′ .
- the drain electrode 118 c is electrically connected to the second electrode 112 and the reflective electrode 113 through the contact hole 128 .
- the contact hole is located in the reflective region 160 and extends through the organic layer that separates the reflective electrode from the TFT.
- the reflective region 160 and the transmissive region 150 have different cell gaps.
- a “cell gap” is the space between the first member 170 and the second member 180 that is occupied by the liquid crystals.
- the cell gap in the transmissive region 150 is larger than the cell gap in the reflective region 160 (e.g., the cell gap in the transmissive region is about twice as large as the cell gap in the reflective region).
- the cell gaps are determined by the thickness of an organic layer formed on the second substrate 120 in the reflective and transmissive regions.
- steps form where the thickness of the organic layer transitions.
- steps form at the interface between the transmissive region 150 and the reflective region 160 , and at the contact hole 128 .
- the presence of these steps is disadvantageous because the orientation of liquid crystals is difficult to control near these steps.
- light leakage and afterimage occur. Light leakage occurs mostly in an area of the transmissive region 150 around where rubbing is started, and afterimage occurs near where the rubbing ends. Light leakage occurs independently of the applied voltage while the severity of afterimage depends on the applied voltage. Both light leakage and afterimage deteriorate the display quality of an LCD apparatus.
- the contact hole 128 is undesirable not just because it creates a step region but also because it adversely affects the reflectance of the LCD apparatus.
- Light reflectance in the contact hole 128 is not as high as reflectance in the other parts of the reflective region because of the larger cell gap in the contact hole 128 .
- a method of manufacturing an LCD with reduced light leakage and afterimage is desirable.
- the present invention is directed to a liquid crystal display and assembly without a contact hole in the reflective layer. By eliminating the contact hole, the overall reflectance of the apparatus is increased.
- the invention includes an interface electrode that is strategically positioned over where light leakage occurs.
- the invention is a display apparatus that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the liquid crystal layer has a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region located between the first region and the second region.
- the apparatus includes a thin film transistor that is electrically coupled to the second electrode through an electrical coupling in the interface region.
- the invention is a display apparatus including a first member, a second member, and a liquid crystal layer positioned therebetween.
- the first member includes a first substrate and a first electrode coupled to the first substrate.
- the second member includes a second substrate having a reflective region for reflecting light and a transmissive region for transmitting light, a thin film transistor formed in the reflective region of the second substrate, a second electrode deposited on the second substrate, and an organic layer deposited on the second substrate.
- the organic layer has a first thickness in the first region and a second thickness in the second region. This difference between the first thickness and the second thickness causes a sidewall to form in an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region.
- the thin film transistor is electrically coupled to the second electrode in the interface region.
- the invention is an array substrate for a display device.
- the array substrate includes: a substrate having a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region; a thin film transistor formed in the reflective region; an organic layer formed in the reflective region over the thin film transistor, such that the organic layer forms a sidewall in the interface region; and a second electrode deposited over the thin film transistor such that the second electrode is coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
- the invention also includes a method of making a display apparatus.
- the method includes providing a substrate that has a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region.
- the reflective region includes a thin film transistor located therein.
- An organic layer is formed in the reflective region on the thin film transistor, such that the organic layer forms a sidewall in the interface region.
- a second electrode is deposited on the thin film transistor such that the second electrode is coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a conventional LCD apparatus including a contact hole
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A′ line of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along B-B′ line of FIG. 3 ;
- FIGS. 5A to 5 D are plan views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A to 6 J are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11A to 11 C are plan views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 12A to 12 G are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- Embodiments of the invention are described herein in the context of reflective-transmissive-type LCD appratuses and more specifically in the context of such apparatuses that have no organic layer in the transmissive region.
- the embodiments provided herein are exemplary embodiments, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the applications or the embodiments disclosed herein.
- the invention may be adapted for reflective-type or transmissive-type LCD apparatuses, or reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatuses having organic layers of different thicknesses.
- a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the invention may be adapted for use with LCD apparatuses operating in various modes, including but not limited to TN mode, VA mode, and IPS mode.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of an LCD apparatus 20 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B′ of FIG. 3
- the LCD apparatus 20 includes a first member 270 , a second member 280 , and a liquid crystal layer 208 .
- the second member is herein also referred to as “an array substrate.”
- the first member 270 includes a first substrate 200 , a black matrix 202 , a color filter 204 , a first electrode 206 , and a spacer 210 .
- the second member 280 includes a second substrate 220 , a thin film transistor 219 , a gate insulating layer 226 , a passivation layer 216 , an organic layer 214 , a second electrode 212 and a reflective electrode 213 .
- the second member 280 includes a pixel region 240 and a peripheral region 245 .
- the TFT 219 , an interface electrode 230 a, the second electrode 212 , the reflective electrode 213 , etc. are disposed in the pixel region 240 .
- the arrangement of liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 208 of the pixel region 240 is controlled to display a desired image.
- the pixel region 240 includes a transmissive region 250 , a reflective region 260 , and an interface region 255 located between the transmissive region 250 and the reflective region 260 .
- the arrangement of liquid crystals in the peripheral region 245 cannot be controlled and hardly any light passes through the peripheral region 245 .
- the source line 218 a′ , the gate line 218 b′ , the driving integrated circuit (not shown), etc. are disposed in the peripheral region 245 .
- the transmissive region 250 may have a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a triangular shape, a circular shape, etc.
- a transmissive-type LCD apparatus unlike a reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatus, does not have the reflective region 260 .
- the first and second substrates 200 and 220 include transparent glass layers through which light passes.
- the glass layers do not include alkaline ions.
- the alkaline ions dissolved in the liquid crystals, lowering the resistivity of the liquid crystals.
- the lowered resistivity of the liquid crystals affects the display and decreases the adhesiveness between the sealant and the glass.
- the black matrix 202 is disposed in the peripheral region 245 of the first substrate 200 , thereby blocking light.
- the black matrix 202 blocks the light that passes through the peripheral region 245 and increases the display quality of the LCD apparatus.
- the black matrix 202 is formed by depositing an opaque material on the first substrate 200 and partially removing the deposited opaque material. The remaining opaque material forms the black matrix 202 .
- the color filter 204 is formed on the first substrate 200 having the black matrix 202 disposed thereon. Light having a predetermined wavelength passes through the color filter.
- the color filter 204 may be a part of the second substrate 220 instead of the first substrate 200 .
- the first electrode 206 is disposed over the first substrate 200 having the black matrix 202 and the color filter 204 .
- the first electrode usually includes a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZO), etc.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- ZO zinc oxide
- the first electrode 206 may be disposed on the second substrate 220 parallel to the second electrode 212 and the reflective electrode 213 .
- the spacer 210 is disposed on the first substrate 200 including the black matrix 202 , the color filter 204 , and the first electrode 206 .
- the first member 270 is spaced apart from the second member 280 by a predetermined cell gap using the spacer 210 .
- the spacer 210 is aligned with the black matrix 202 .
- the spacer 210 may be a column spacer, a ball spacer or a hybrid design.
- the spacer 210 is disposed aligned with the TFT 219 instead of the black matrix 202 .
- the TFT 219 is disposed in the reflective region 260 of the second substrate 220 , and includes a source electrode 218 a, a gate electrode 218 b, a drain electrode 218 c, a semiconductor layer pattern, and an interface electrode 230 a.
- a driving integrated circuit (not shown) applies a data voltage to the source electrode 218 a through the source line 218 a′
- the driving integrated circuit (not shown) applies a selecting signal to the gate electrode 218 b through the gate line 218 b′.
- the interface electrode 230 a is electrically connected to the drain electrode 218 c, and electrically couples the drain electrode 218 c to the second electrode 212 .
- the semiconductor layer pattern is disposed on a portion of the gate insulating layer.
- a current flows between the source electrode 218 a and the drain electrode 218 c through a channel formed in the semiconductor layer.
- the interface electrode 230 a is disposed in the interface region 255 , adjacent to the drain electrode 218 c.
- the interface electrode 230 a has a rectangular shape extending in a direction parallel to the direction in which the gate line 218 b′ extends.
- the interface electrode 230 a which is located in the interface region 255 , may be smaller than the contact hole 128 in the conventional LCD apparatus 10 (see FIGS. 1 and 2 ).
- the width of the interface electrode 230 a is decreased, the surface area of the reflective region 250 increases, raising the overall luminance of the LCD apparatus.
- the interface electrode 230 a is usually made of an opaque material for blocking light. By blocking the light that passes through the interface region 255 , the opaque material prevents light leakage and afterimage.
- a storage capacitor (not shown) is formed on the second substrate 220 so as to maintain a voltage difference between the first electrode 206 and the reflective electrode 213 or between the first electrode 206 and the second electrode 212 .
- the storage capacitor (not shown) may be an end gate type or an isolated line type.
- the gate insulating layer 226 is formed over the second substrate 220 having the gate electrode 218 b so as to electrically insulate the gate electrode 218 b from the source and drain electrodes 218 a and 218 c. A portion of the gate insulating layer 226 in the transmissive region 250 may be omitted so as to increase the transmittance.
- the gate insulating layer 226 comprises silicon nitride (SiNx).
- the passivation layer 216 is formed over the second substrate having the TFT 219 in a way that it does not entirely cover the interface electrode 230 a. There may be a discontinuous section of the passivation layer 216 in the transmissive region 250 for increased transmittance.
- the passivation layer 226 contains silicon nitride (SiNx).
- the organic layer 214 includes an opening 229 that forms the transmissive region 250 and the interface region 255 .
- the organic layer 214 is disposed on the second substrate 220 having the TFT 219 and the passivation layer 226 so as to electrically insulate the TFT 219 from the second electrode 212 and the reflective electrode 213 .
- the presence of the opening 229 in the organic layer 214 causes the liquid crystal layer 208 to have two different thicknesses in the reflective region 260 and the transmissive region 250 , and a sidewall in the interface region. More specifically, the reflective region 260 has a first cell gap (C 1 ) and the transmissive region 250 has a second cell gap (C 2 ) that is different from the first cell gap.
- the “cell gap,” as used herein, refers to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 208 between the first member 270 and the second member 280 .
- the organic layer 214 forms a somewhat planar surface by coating the bumpy surfaces formed by the source line 218 a′ , the gate line 218 b′ , etc.
- a thin film of the organic layer 214 remains in the opening 229 but does not cover the interface electrode 230 a.
- the organic layer 214 is patterned to include a plurality of recesses and protrusions, or dips and bumps. It is well known that the pattern on the reflective surface increase reflectance of the reflective electrode 213 by reflecting light in a desired direction. When the organic layer 214 is patterned, the cell gap is calculated using the average height of the pattern.
- the second electrode 212 that is electrically connected to the interface electrode 230 a is formed in the transparent region 250 and on the passivation layer 216 .
- the second electrode 212 also covers the interface electrode 230 a.
- a voltage is applied between the second electrode 212 and the first electrode 206 to manipulate the arrangement of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 208 , thereby controlling light transmission.
- the second electrode 212 comprises a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZO), etc.
- a portion of the second electrode 212 is disposed on a portion of the organic layer 214 in the reflective region 260 .
- the reflective electrode 213 is disposed on the organic layer 214 and a portion of the second electrode 212 near the interface electrode 230 a to reflect light coming from an external source.
- the reflective electrode 213 is disposed on the patterned organic layer 214 having the recesses and protrusions, such that it reflects light in a predetermined direction.
- the reflective electrode 213 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 218 c through the second electrode 212 and the interface electrode 230 a.
- a driving integrated circuit applies data voltage to the second electrode 212 and the reflective electrode 213 through the TFT 219 and the interface electrode 230 a to form an electric field between the first electrode 206 and the second electrode 212 , and an electric field between the first electrode 206 and the reflective electrode 213 .
- the second electrode 212 may be disposed over the pixel region 240
- the reflective electrode 213 may be disposed on a portion of the second electrode 212 corresponding to the reflective region 260 .
- the positions of the reflective electrode 213 and the second electrode 212 may be switched.
- the liquid crystal layer 208 is disposed between the first and second members 270 and 280 and sealed with a sealant (not shown).
- the liquid crystal layer 208 may be in any of the well-known modes including a vertical alignment (VA) mode, a twisted nematic (TN) mode, a mixed twisted nematic (MTN) mode or a homogeneous alignment mode.
- VA vertical alignment
- TN twisted nematic
- MTN mixed twisted nematic
- homogeneous alignment mode includes an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode.
- Alignment films are disposed on the first and second members 270 and 280 .
- the surfaces of the alignment films (not shown) are rubbed in a “rubbing direction,” which is also the direction in which the liquid crystals become aligned.
- the rubbing direction is parallel to the direction in which the source line 218 a′ extends.
- the interface region 255 is difficult to rub properly because of the “step” at the interface formed by the organic layer 214 . As a result, the problems of light leakage and afterimage often stem from the inadequate alignment near this interface region. The exact location where light leakage and afterimage occurs is dependent on the rubbing direction.
- the interface electrode 230 a is positioned and shaped to achieve the most dramatic reduction in light leakage and afterimage, although the invention is not so limited. Likewise, the invention is not limited to any particular rubbing direction.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B , 5 C, and 5 D are plan views depicting a method of manufacturing the LCD apparatus 20
- FIGS. 6A through 6J are cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing method.
- the pixel region 240 and the reflective region 260 are defined on the second substrate 220 .
- the pixel region 240 includes the transmissive region 250 that transmits the light from the backlight assembly (not shown).
- the reflective region 260 reflects the light from an external source.
- a conductive material is deposited on the second substrate 220 .
- the deposited conductive material is partially removed to form the gate electrode 218 b and the gate line 218 b′ .
- the gate insulating layer 226 is deposited over the second substrate 220 having the gate electrode 218 b and the gate line 218 b′ .
- the gate insulating layer 226 includes silicon nitride (SiNx).
- amorphous silicon and N + amorphous silicon are consecutively deposited on the second substrate having the gate insulating layer 226 .
- the deposited amorphous silicon and N + amorphous silicon layers are etched to form the semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer 226 corresponding to the gate electrode 218 b.
- a conductive material is deposited on the gate insulating layer 226 having the semiconductor layer.
- the deposited conductive material is partially etched to form the source electrode 218 a, the source line 218 a′ , the drain electrode 218 c and the interface electrode 230 a. Therefore, the TFT 219 having the source electrode 218 a, the gate electrode 218 b, the drain electrode 218 c and the semiconductor layer is formed.
- the interface electrode 230 a is disposed in the interface region 255 such that it contacts the drain electrode 218 c.
- the interface electrode 230 a has a rectangular shape and extends in the same direction as the gate line 218 b′.
- the interface electrode 230 a may be formed together with the drain electrode 218 c, as an integrated electrode. Alternatively, the interface electrode 230 a may be formed by a process that is separate from the process for forming of the drain electrode 218 c.
- a transparent insulating material is deposited on the second substrate 220 having the TFT 219 , to form the passivation layer 216 .
- the transparent insulating material comprises silicon nitride (SiNx).
- the passivation layer 216 near the interface electrode 230 a is removed to expose a part of the interface electrode 230 a.
- the passivation layer 216 does not cover the interface electrode 230 a in its entirety.
- the opening may be formed before or after the organic layer 214 is formed.
- an organic material e.g., photoresist
- an organic material is deposited on the passivation layer 216 and developed to form the patterned organic layer 214 with the opening 229 in the transmissive region 250 .
- the interface electrode 230 a and the passivation layer 216 in the transmissive region 250 are exposed through the opening 229 .
- “Patterned,” as used herein, refers to an uneven surface, e.g., a surface having dips (recesses) and bumps (protrusions).
- the recesses and protrusions are disposed on the organic layer 214 .
- the exposing process may be performed using one mask or a plurality of masks. When one mask is used, the mask includes slits or translucent portions. The slits or translucent portions of the mask form the patterns on the surface of the organic layer, and the transparent portion of the mask forms the interface electrode 230 a and the transmissive region 250 .
- the first and second cell gaps are controlled by the thickness of the organic layer 214 .
- the thickness of the organic layer 214 is approximately equal to a half of the second cell gap minus the thickness of the reflective electrode 213 .
- a transparent conductive material is deposited on the organic layer 214 and the passivation layer 216 .
- the transparent conductive material may include ITO, IZO, ZO, etc.
- the deposited transparent conductive material is partially etched to form the second electrode 212 .
- the second electrode 212 is formed on the transmissive region 250 and the interface electrode 230 a.
- the second electrode 212 is also disposed on the organic layer 214 , as shown.
- a conductive material having high reflectance is deposited on the organic layer 214 and the second electrode 212 .
- the conductive material having high reflectance comprises aluminum (Al) and neodymium (Nd).
- the deposited conductive material having high reflectance is partially etched to form the reflective electrode 213 in the reflective region 260 .
- the reflective electrode 213 may have a multi-layered structure.
- the multi-layered structure may include one or more of a molybdenum-tungsten (Mo—W) alloy layer, a silver layer, a silver alloy layer, and an aluminum-neodymium (Al—Nd) alloy layer.
- Mo—W molybdenum-tungsten
- Al—Nd aluminum-neodymium
- the reflective electrode 213 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 218 c through the second electrode 212 and the interface electrode 230 a.
- the second electrode 212 is formed after the reflective electrode 213 is formed so that a part of the second electrode 212 is disposed on the reflective electrode 213 (e.g., see FIG. 4 ).
- the adhesiveness of the reflective electrode 213 is increased.
- an opaque material is deposited on the first substrate 200 .
- the opaque material is removed from the pixel region 140 (shown in FIG. 2 ) to form the black matrix 202 in the peripheral region 145 (also shown in FIG. 2 ).
- the color filter 204 is formed on the first substrate 200 having the black matrix 202 . As described above, light having a predetermined wavelength passes through the color filter 204 .
- the color filter 204 may be formed on the second substrate 220 instead of the first substrate 200 . When the color filter 204 is formed on the second substrate 220 , the color filter may be positioned between the organic layer 214 and the second substrate 220 .
- a transparent conductive material is deposited on the first substrate 200 having the color filter 204 and the black matrix 202 to form the first electrode 206 .
- the transparent conductive material typically includes one of ITO, IZO, ZO, etc.
- the spacer 210 is not limited to being a column spacer, as shown, and may be replaced with ball spacers or any other spacer shape/configuration.
- the first member 270 is combined with the second member 280 .
- liquid crystals are injected into the space between the first and second members 270 and 280 and sealed by the sealant (not shown).
- the liquid crystals are dropped on the first member 270 or the second member 280 having the sealant (not shown) and then the two members are combined to form the liquid crystal layer 208 .
- the LCD apparatus benefits from the presence of the interface electrode 230 a.
- the interface electrode 230 a usually has a rectangular shape and extends in the direction parallel to the gate line 218 b′ .
- the interface electrode 230 a decreases light leakage and afterimage, enhancing the overall display quality of the LCD apparatus.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals denote the same elements in different Figures. Thus, in the interest of efficiency, the elements that were described above will not be described again in reference to FIG. 7 .
- the TFT 219 includes a source electrode 218 a, a gate electrode 218 b, a drain electrode 218 c and a semiconductor layer pattern.
- An interface electrode 230 b which is located in the interface region 255 , is electrically coupled to the drain electrode 218 c.
- the interface electrode 230 b electrically connects the drain electrode 218 c to the second electrode.
- the interface electrode 230 b is disposed at the lower and right corner of the interface region 255 .
- the interface electrode 230 b is located at a corner of the interface region 255 that is farthest away from the gate electrode 218 b.
- the interface electrode 230 b has a right-triangular shape.
- This shape and location of the interface electrode 230 b is effective for when the rubbing direction is substantially diagonal with respect to the transmissive region 260 of FIG. 7 .
- the interface electrode 230 b shaped and located as described above is effective when the alignment film is rubbed from the lower right corner to the upper left corner of the opening 229 (in reference to the plan view of FIG. 7 ) because the lower right corner is difficult to rub properly. With this rubbing direction, light leakage and afterimage problems are the worst near the lower right corner of the opening 229 . By forming the interface electrode 230 b near the area where light leakage occurs, the most dramatic effect can be achieved.
- alignment films are disposed on the first and second members 270 and 280 .
- the exact degree of light leakage and afterimage depends on the rubbing direction.
- the interface electrode 230 b is disposed in the interface region 255 , light leakage and afterimage are significantly reduced.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the TFT 219 includes a source electrode 218 a, a gate electrode 218 b, a drain electrode 218 c, a semiconductor layer pattern and an interface electrode 230 c.
- a interface electrode 230 c is electrically coupled to the drain electrode 218 c, thereby creating an electrically connection between the drain electrode 218 c and a second electrode 212 .
- the interface electrode 230 c is disposed adjacent to a lower right corner of the transmissive region 250 , and has a mirror-image L-shape.
- the interface electrode 230 c extends across the interface region 255 and continues around the corner to extend in a direction parallel to the source line 218 a′ , forming a ‘ ’ shape. This configuration of the interface electrode 230 c is effective when the rubbing direction is diagonal with respect to the opening 229 , from a lower right corner of the opening 229 to an upper left corner of the opening 229 .
- an LCD apparatus that includes an interface electrode disposed at the lower right corner of the opening 229 (in reference to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 ) shows decreased light leakage and afterimage.
- the interface electrode 230 c may have the angled shape depicted in FIG. 8 .
- the position and the shape of the interface electrode 230 c may be independent of the rubbing direction.
- a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand how to adjust the shape and position of the interface electrode 230 c to achieve the most dramatic reduction of light leakage and afterimage.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus 30 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the LCD apparatus 30 .
- the second electrode 112 climbs up the sidewall in the interface region 255 and covers the organic layer 114
- the second electrode is located under the organic layer in the second embodiment.
- the LCD apparatus 30 includes a first member 370 , a second member 380 and a liquid crystal layer 308 .
- the first member 370 includes a first substrate 300 , a black matrix 302 , a color filter 304 , a first electrode 306 and a spacer 310 .
- the second member 380 includes a second substrate 320 , a TFT 319 , a gate insulating layer 326 , a passivation layer 316 , an organic layer 314 , a second electrode 312 , and a reflective electrode 313 .
- the second member 380 includes a transmissive region 350 , a reflective region 360 , and an interface region 355 located therebetween. Unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , in which the second electrode was deposited after the organic layer, the second electrode 312 is deposited before the organic layer 314 in this embodiment.
- the TFT 319 is formed in the reflective region 360 of the second substrate 320 and includes a source electrode 318 a, a gate electrode 318 b, a drain electrode 318 c, and a semiconductor layer pattern.
- the interface electrode 330 a is disposed in the interface region 355 so that it is adjacent to the drain electrode 318 c.
- the interface electrode 330 a has a rectangular shape and extends in a direction parallel to the gate line 318 b′.
- the passivation layer 316 is disposed on the second substrate 320 having the TFT 319 and includes an opening so that the interface electrode 330 a is not entirely covered by the passivation layer 316 .
- the second electrode 312 which is disposed on the passivation layer 316 and the interface electrode 330 a, is electrically coupled to the interface electrode 330 a.
- a voltage is applied between the second electrode 312 and the first electrode 306 , the arrangement of liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer 308 is controlled.
- the transmittance of light through the liquid crystal layer 308 may be manipulated by adjusting the voltage.
- the organic layer 314 is disposed on the passivation layer 316 in the reflective region 360 and on a portion of the second electrode 312 so as to electrically insulate the TFT 319 from the reflective electrode 313 .
- the thickness of the organic layer 314 in the reflective region 360 is different from the thickness of the organic layer 314 in the transmissive region 350 .
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 308 , and therefore the cell gap, is determined by the thickness of the organic layer 314 .
- the thicknesses of the organic layer 314 in the different regions are selected to achieve a predetermined first cell gap C 1 in the reflective region 360 and a predetermined second cell gap C 2 corresponding to the transmissive region 350 .
- a pattern is formed on the organic layer 314 . The pattern increases the reflectance of the reflective electrode 313 , as mentioned above.
- the reflective electrode 313 is disposed on the organic layer 314 and on the portion of the second electrode 312 in the interface region 355 so as to reflect light coming from a source that is external to the LCD apparatus.
- the reflective electrode 313 is deposited conformally to maintain the pattern formed on the organic layer 314 , such that the directions in which light is reflected are controlled by the angles in the pattern.
- the reflective electrode 313 includes a conductive material and is electrically coupled to the drain electrode 318 c through the second electrode 312 and the interface electrode 330 .
- the surfaces of the first and second members 370 and 380 are rubbed in a rubbing direction.
- the rubbing direction is generally parallel to the direction in which the source line 318 a′ extends.
- FIGS. 11A, 11B , and 11 C are plan views showing a method of manufacturing the LCD apparatus 300
- FIGS. 12A to 12 C are cross-sectional views showing the method of FIGS. 11A, 11B , and 11 C.
- the transmissive region 350 which transmits the light from the backlight assembly (not shown), and the reflective region 360 , which reflects the light from an external source, are defined in the second substrate 320 .
- the TFT 319 is formed on the second substrate 320 .
- the passivation layer 316 is formed on the second substrate 320 having the TFT 319 , but in a way that it does not completely cover the interface electrode 330 a. As shown, at least a part of the interface electrode 330 a is exposed through an opening in the passivation layer 316 at this stage of the process.
- a transparent conductive material is deposited on the passivation layer 316 .
- the transparent conductive material may contain ITO.
- the deposited transparent conductive material is partially etched to form the second electrode 312 .
- the second electrode 312 is formed in the transmissive region 350 and the interface electrode 330 a.
- a film of the deposited transparent material may remain on the passivation layer 316 in the reflective region 360 .
- an organic material e.g., a photoresist
- the coated organic material is then exposed and developed to be removed from the transmissive region 350 , forming the organic layer 314 with recesses and protrusions on its surface.
- the interface electrode 330 a and the transmissive region 350 are exposed through the opening 329 .
- the recesses and protrusions are formed on the organic layer 314 , for example by using a mask that includes a translucent part and a transparent part. Slits may be present in the translucent parts of the mask.
- a conductive material having a high reflectance is deposited on the organic layer 314 and the second electrode 312 .
- the conductive material may include multiple layers, for example a molybdenum-tungsten alloy layer and an aluminum-neodymium layer that are consecutively deposited.
- the deposited conductive material is partially etched to form the reflective electrode 313 having the multi-layered structure in the reflective region 360 .
- the reflective electrode 313 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 318 c through the second electrode 312 and the interface electrode 330 a.
- the black matrix 302 , the color filter 304 , the first electrode 306 , and the spacer 310 are formed on the first substrate 300 to form the first member 370 .
- the first member 370 is combined with the second member 380 , and the liquid crystal layer 308 is interposed between the first and second members 370 and 380 .
- the liquid crystal layer 308 may be formed through a vacuum injection process or a dropping process, both of which are well-known.
- the LCD apparatus benefits from the interface electrode 330 a that has a rectangular shape and extends in the direction parallel to the direction in which the gate line 318 b′ extends.
- the interface electrode 330 a decreases light leakage and afterimage of the LCD apparatus.
- the reflectances of conventional LCD apparatuses 100 having contact holes were compared to the reflectances of LCD apparatuses built according to the invention.
- the LCD apparatuses having contact holes are indicated with odd numbers and the LCD apparatuses built according to the invention are indicated by even numbers.
- the interface electrodes had rectangular shapes extending in a plane parallel to the gate line 218 b′.
- the conventional LCD apparatuses that have contact holes were similar to the LCD apparatus built according to the invention except for the presence of contact holes and absence of the interface electrodes.
- the sizes of the contact holes were substantially equal to the sizes of the interface electrodes.
- Patterns of recesses and protrusions were formed on the organic layers in the LCD apparatuses.
- the recesses and protrusions were formed by using well-known exposing and developing processes.
- the reflectance was measured and recorded for various exposure times.
- Table 1 shows the reflectances of the LCD apparatus with contact holes for various exposure times. TABLE 1 Reflectance of LCD apparatuses having contact holes Exposing TIme Cell No.
- Table 2 shows the reflectance of the LCD apparatuses that are built according to the invention, at various exposure times.
- TABLE 2 Reflectance of LCD apparatuses built according to the invention Exposing Time Cell No. 1,000 ms 1,400 ms 1,600 ms 1,800 ms 2,000 ms 2 3.7 19.2 13.8 12.4 4 2.9 16 6 3 21.2 8 4.7 12 4.6 20.5 18.1 12 11.7 14 21.1 18.8 11.7 11.9 16 3.8 20.4 18.7 11.9 11.9 18 20.5 19.5 12.3 22 11.5 21.4 12.9 24 3.9 21.8 12.4 11.7 26 3.2 21.4 19.2 12.8 28 3.1 20.1 12.4 Average(%) 4.4 21.0 19.4 12.8 11.9 Maximum 11.5 21.8 21.2 16 12.4 value(%) At exposure times of 1,000 ms, 1,400 ms, 1,600 ms, 1,800 ms and 2,000 ms, the average reflectance was 4.4%, 21.0%, 19.4%, 12.8% and 11.9%, respectively. According to the results, the optimum exposure time
- the interface electrode may be made larger than the contact hole to effectively prevent light leakage and afterimage from occurring near the interface between the transmissive region and the reflective region.
- the experimental results confirm that LCD apparatuses including the interface electrodes generally show improved reflectance due to decreased light leakage and afterimage.
- the reflective electrode is electrically connected to the interface electrode, thereby enhancing light transmittance. Overall, the display quality of the LCD apparatus is improved.
Abstract
The invention is directed to a liquid crystal display and assembly without a contact hole in the reflective layer. By eliminating the contact hole, the overall reflectance of the apparatus is increased. In order to prevent light leakage and afterimage, the invention includes an interface electrode that is strategically positioned over where light leakage occurs. An exemplary device of the invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal layer has a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region located between the first region and the second region. The apparatus includes a thin film transistor that is electrically coupled to the second electrode through an electrical coupling in the interface region. The invention also includes a method of making the device.
Description
- This application claims priority, under 35 USC § 119, from Korean Patent Application No. 2003-80523 filed on Nov. 14, 2003, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an array substrate, a method of manufacturing the array substrate and a liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatus having the array substrate. More particularly, the present invention relates to an array substrate capable of decreasing light leakage and afterimage and capable of increasing transmittance and reflectance, a method of manufacturing such array substrate, and an LCD apparatus having the array substrate.
- 2. Discussion of the Related Art
- LCD apparatuses are well-known display devices. In LCD devices, images are displayed by controlling the transmission of light through a layer of liquid crystals. The liquid crystals change their orientation in response to electric field, and the orientation of the liquid crystals determines how much light passes through the liquid crystal layer. Thus, by controlling the voltage that is applied to electrodes surrounding the liquid crystal layer in a plurality of pixels, the desired image can be displayed.
- The liquid crystals do not generate light on their own—they block or transmit light from a separate source. Thus, a typical LCD apparatus incorporates an internal light source, a reflective surface that allows utilization of light coming from a source external to the apparatus, or both. A transmissive-type LCD apparatus, which displays images by using an internal light source, requires a battery for power supply. This requirement for a battery is disadvantageous, as the battery increases the weight and the size of the LCD apparatus. A reflective-type LCD apparatus, which relies on an external source for light supply, does not need a battery. However, the reflective LCD apparatus suffers from another disadvantage of the device luminance depending on the amount of ambient light that is available. In a dark environment, for example, the reflective-type LCD apparatus will not demonstrate high luminance.
- Reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatuses that include both an internal light source and a reflective surface do not suffer either of the disadvantages described above to the extent that the reflective-type or the transmissive-type LCD apparatuses do. A reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatus displays images by transmitting the light from the internal light source and reflecting any external light. The internal light source allows the apparatus to maintain a desired level of luminance regardless of the amount of ambient light that is available. At the same time, since the apparatus is able to utilize external light when external light is available, power is conserved and a large battery is not necessary.
-
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a conventional reflective-transmissive LCD apparatus 10. Although a backlight assembly that provides the internal light is part of the apparatus, it is not shown in the Figures.FIG. 1 is a plan view andFIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A′ ofFIG. 1 . As shown inFIG. 1 andFIG. 2 , theconventional LCD apparatus 10 has a contact hole. - The
LCD apparatus 10 includes afirst member 170, asecond member 180, and aliquid crystal layer 108. Thefirst member 170 includes afirst substrate 100, ablack matrix 102, acolor filter 104, afirst electrode 106, and aspacer 110. Thesecond member 180 includes asecond substrate 120, athin film transistor 119, agate insulating layer 126, apassivation layer 116, anorganic layer 114, asecond electrode 112 and a reflective electrode 113. Part of theorganic layer 114 is removed to form anopening 129, which defines atransmissive region 150. The area outside theopening 129 that includes a thick layer of theorganic layer 114 forms areflective region 160. Acontact hole 128 extends through theorganic layer 114. Thesecond member 180 has apixel region 140 and aperipheral region 145. Thetransmissive region 150 and thereflective region 160 are located in thepixel region 140. - The liquid crystals in the LCD apparatus may be arranged in the mixed twisted nematic (MTN) mode or the homogeneous mode. In the MTN mode, the liquid crystals are twisted at an angle that is no greater than 90°. When the liquid crystals are arranged in the MTN mode, light is polarized to decrease light transmittance. When the liquid crystals are arranged in the homogeneous mode, the transmittance of the reflective-transmissive LCD apparatus increases. In a reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatus with liquid crystals in the homogeneous mode, the light from the internal light source enters the liquid crystal layer from a
second member 180, passes through the liquid crystals, and exits the LCD apparatus by passing through afirst member 170. The externally provided light, on the other hand, reaches the liquid crystal layer through thefirst member 170 and is reflected back out of the apparatus by the reflective electrode 113. - The
thin film transistor 119, which is disposed in thereflective region 160, includes asource electrode 118 a, agate electrode 118 b, adrain electrode 118 c, and a semiconductor layer pattern. Thesource electrode 118 a is electrically connected to asource line 118 a′ and thegate electrode 118 b is electrically connected to agate line 118 b′. Thedrain electrode 118 c is electrically connected to thesecond electrode 112 and the reflective electrode 113 through thecontact hole 128. To electrically couple the reflective electrode to the TFT, the contact hole is located in thereflective region 160 and extends through the organic layer that separates the reflective electrode from the TFT. - The
reflective region 160 and thetransmissive region 150 have different cell gaps. A “cell gap” is the space between thefirst member 170 and thesecond member 180 that is occupied by the liquid crystals. Typically, the cell gap in thetransmissive region 150 is larger than the cell gap in the reflective region 160 (e.g., the cell gap in the transmissive region is about twice as large as the cell gap in the reflective region). The cell gaps are determined by the thickness of an organic layer formed on thesecond substrate 120 in the reflective and transmissive regions. - Since the organic layer does not uniformly coat the second substrate, “steps” form where the thickness of the organic layer transitions. For example, steps form at the interface between the
transmissive region 150 and thereflective region 160, and at thecontact hole 128. The presence of these steps is disadvantageous because the orientation of liquid crystals is difficult to control near these steps. As a result of these steps that are formed, light leakage and afterimage occur. Light leakage occurs mostly in an area of thetransmissive region 150 around where rubbing is started, and afterimage occurs near where the rubbing ends. Light leakage occurs independently of the applied voltage while the severity of afterimage depends on the applied voltage. Both light leakage and afterimage deteriorate the display quality of an LCD apparatus. - The
contact hole 128 is undesirable not just because it creates a step region but also because it adversely affects the reflectance of the LCD apparatus. Light reflectance in thecontact hole 128 is not as high as reflectance in the other parts of the reflective region because of the larger cell gap in thecontact hole 128. Thus, it is desirable to eliminate thecontact hole 128. - A method of manufacturing an LCD with reduced light leakage and afterimage is desirable.
- The present invention is directed to a liquid crystal display and assembly without a contact hole in the reflective layer. By eliminating the contact hole, the overall reflectance of the apparatus is increased. In order to prevent light leakage and afterimage, the invention includes an interface electrode that is strategically positioned over where light leakage occurs.
- In one aspect, the invention is a display apparatus that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The liquid crystal layer has a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region located between the first region and the second region. The apparatus includes a thin film transistor that is electrically coupled to the second electrode through an electrical coupling in the interface region.
- In another aspect, the invention is a display apparatus including a first member, a second member, and a liquid crystal layer positioned therebetween. The first member includes a first substrate and a first electrode coupled to the first substrate. The second member includes a second substrate having a reflective region for reflecting light and a transmissive region for transmitting light, a thin film transistor formed in the reflective region of the second substrate, a second electrode deposited on the second substrate, and an organic layer deposited on the second substrate. The organic layer has a first thickness in the first region and a second thickness in the second region. This difference between the first thickness and the second thickness causes a sidewall to form in an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region. The thin film transistor is electrically coupled to the second electrode in the interface region.
- In yet another aspect, the invention is an array substrate for a display device. The array substrate includes: a substrate having a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region; a thin film transistor formed in the reflective region; an organic layer formed in the reflective region over the thin film transistor, such that the organic layer forms a sidewall in the interface region; and a second electrode deposited over the thin film transistor such that the second electrode is coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
- The invention also includes a method of making a display apparatus. The method includes providing a substrate that has a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region. The reflective region includes a thin film transistor located therein. An organic layer is formed in the reflective region on the thin film transistor, such that the organic layer forms a sidewall in the interface region. A second electrode is deposited on the thin film transistor such that the second electrode is coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
- The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a conventional LCD apparatus including a contact hole; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A′ line ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along B-B′ line ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIGS. 5A to 5D are plan views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 6A to 6J are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 11A to 11C are plan views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIGS. 12A to 12G are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. - Embodiments of the invention are described herein in the context of reflective-transmissive-type LCD appratuses and more specifically in the context of such apparatuses that have no organic layer in the transmissive region. However, it is to be understood that the embodiments provided herein are exemplary embodiments, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the applications or the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, the invention may be adapted for reflective-type or transmissive-type LCD apparatuses, or reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatuses having organic layers of different thicknesses. Further, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the invention may be adapted for use with LCD apparatuses operating in various modes, including but not limited to TN mode, VA mode, and IPS mode.
-
FIG. 3 is a plan view of anLCD apparatus 20 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, andFIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B′ ofFIG. 3 . TheLCD apparatus 20 includes afirst member 270, asecond member 280, and aliquid crystal layer 208. The second member is herein also referred to as “an array substrate.” Thefirst member 270 includes afirst substrate 200, ablack matrix 202, acolor filter 204, afirst electrode 206, and aspacer 210. Thesecond member 280 includes asecond substrate 220, athin film transistor 219, agate insulating layer 226, apassivation layer 216, anorganic layer 214, asecond electrode 212 and areflective electrode 213. Thesecond member 280 includes apixel region 240 and aperipheral region 245. TheTFT 219, aninterface electrode 230 a, thesecond electrode 212, thereflective electrode 213, etc. are disposed in thepixel region 240. - The arrangement of liquid crystals in the
liquid crystal layer 208 of thepixel region 240 is controlled to display a desired image. Thepixel region 240 includes atransmissive region 250, areflective region 260, and aninterface region 255 located between thetransmissive region 250 and thereflective region 260. Unlike the liquid crystals in thepixel region 240, the arrangement of liquid crystals in theperipheral region 245 cannot be controlled and hardly any light passes through theperipheral region 245. Thesource line 218 a′, thegate line 218 b′, the driving integrated circuit (not shown), etc. are disposed in theperipheral region 245. - Light generated from a backlight assembly (not shown) passes through the
transmissive region 250. Light from a source that is external to the LCD apparatus is reflected in thereflective region 260. Thetransmissive region 250 may have a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a triangular shape, a circular shape, etc. A transmissive-type LCD apparatus, unlike a reflective-transmissive-type LCD apparatus, does not have thereflective region 260. - The first and
second substrates - The
black matrix 202 is disposed in theperipheral region 245 of thefirst substrate 200, thereby blocking light. Theblack matrix 202 blocks the light that passes through theperipheral region 245 and increases the display quality of the LCD apparatus. Theblack matrix 202 is formed by depositing an opaque material on thefirst substrate 200 and partially removing the deposited opaque material. The remaining opaque material forms theblack matrix 202. - The
color filter 204 is formed on thefirst substrate 200 having theblack matrix 202 disposed thereon. Light having a predetermined wavelength passes through the color filter. In an alternative embodiment, thecolor filter 204 may be a part of thesecond substrate 220 instead of thefirst substrate 200. - The
first electrode 206 is disposed over thefirst substrate 200 having theblack matrix 202 and thecolor filter 204. The first electrode usually includes a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZO), etc. Alternatively, thefirst electrode 206 may be disposed on thesecond substrate 220 parallel to thesecond electrode 212 and thereflective electrode 213. - The
spacer 210 is disposed on thefirst substrate 200 including theblack matrix 202, thecolor filter 204, and thefirst electrode 206. Thefirst member 270 is spaced apart from thesecond member 280 by a predetermined cell gap using thespacer 210. Preferably, thespacer 210 is aligned with theblack matrix 202. Thespacer 210 may be a column spacer, a ball spacer or a hybrid design. In an alternative embodiment, thespacer 210 is disposed aligned with theTFT 219 instead of theblack matrix 202. - The
TFT 219 is disposed in thereflective region 260 of thesecond substrate 220, and includes asource electrode 218 a, agate electrode 218 b, adrain electrode 218 c, a semiconductor layer pattern, and aninterface electrode 230 a. A driving integrated circuit (not shown) applies a data voltage to thesource electrode 218 a through thesource line 218 a′, and the driving integrated circuit (not shown) applies a selecting signal to thegate electrode 218 b through thegate line 218 b′. - The
interface electrode 230 a is electrically connected to thedrain electrode 218 c, and electrically couples thedrain electrode 218 c to thesecond electrode 212. The semiconductor layer pattern is disposed on a portion of the gate insulating layer. When the gate selecting signal is applied to thegate electrode 218 b, a current flows between thesource electrode 218 a and thedrain electrode 218 c through a channel formed in the semiconductor layer. Theinterface electrode 230 a is disposed in theinterface region 255, adjacent to thedrain electrode 218 c. In the embodiment shown, theinterface electrode 230 a has a rectangular shape extending in a direction parallel to the direction in which thegate line 218 b′ extends. Theinterface electrode 230 a, which is located in theinterface region 255, may be smaller than thecontact hole 128 in the conventional LCD apparatus 10 (seeFIGS. 1 and 2 ). When the width of theinterface electrode 230 a is decreased, the surface area of thereflective region 250 increases, raising the overall luminance of the LCD apparatus. Where theinterface electrode 230 a is larger than thecontact hole 128, theinterface electrode 230 a is usually made of an opaque material for blocking light. By blocking the light that passes through theinterface region 255, the opaque material prevents light leakage and afterimage. - A storage capacitor (not shown) is formed on the
second substrate 220 so as to maintain a voltage difference between thefirst electrode 206 and thereflective electrode 213 or between thefirst electrode 206 and thesecond electrode 212. The storage capacitor (not shown) may be an end gate type or an isolated line type. - The
gate insulating layer 226 is formed over thesecond substrate 220 having thegate electrode 218 b so as to electrically insulate thegate electrode 218 b from the source and drainelectrodes gate insulating layer 226 in thetransmissive region 250 may be omitted so as to increase the transmittance. Thegate insulating layer 226 comprises silicon nitride (SiNx). - The
passivation layer 216 is formed over the second substrate having theTFT 219 in a way that it does not entirely cover theinterface electrode 230 a. There may be a discontinuous section of thepassivation layer 216 in thetransmissive region 250 for increased transmittance. Thepassivation layer 226 contains silicon nitride (SiNx). - The
organic layer 214 includes anopening 229 that forms thetransmissive region 250 and theinterface region 255. Theorganic layer 214 is disposed on thesecond substrate 220 having theTFT 219 and thepassivation layer 226 so as to electrically insulate theTFT 219 from thesecond electrode 212 and thereflective electrode 213. The presence of theopening 229 in theorganic layer 214 causes theliquid crystal layer 208 to have two different thicknesses in thereflective region 260 and thetransmissive region 250, and a sidewall in the interface region. More specifically, thereflective region 260 has a first cell gap (C1) and thetransmissive region 250 has a second cell gap (C2) that is different from the first cell gap. The “cell gap,” as used herein, refers to the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 208 between thefirst member 270 and thesecond member 280. Theorganic layer 214 forms a somewhat planar surface by coating the bumpy surfaces formed by thesource line 218 a′, thegate line 218 b′, etc. In an alternative embodiment, a thin film of theorganic layer 214 remains in theopening 229 but does not cover theinterface electrode 230 a. - Optionally, the
organic layer 214 is patterned to include a plurality of recesses and protrusions, or dips and bumps. It is well known that the pattern on the reflective surface increase reflectance of thereflective electrode 213 by reflecting light in a desired direction. When theorganic layer 214 is patterned, the cell gap is calculated using the average height of the pattern. - The
second electrode 212 that is electrically connected to theinterface electrode 230 a is formed in thetransparent region 250 and on thepassivation layer 216. Thesecond electrode 212 also covers theinterface electrode 230 a. A voltage is applied between thesecond electrode 212 and thefirst electrode 206 to manipulate the arrangement of the liquid crystals in theliquid crystal layer 208, thereby controlling light transmission. Thesecond electrode 212 comprises a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZO), etc. Alternatively, a portion of thesecond electrode 212 is disposed on a portion of theorganic layer 214 in thereflective region 260. - The
reflective electrode 213 is disposed on theorganic layer 214 and a portion of thesecond electrode 212 near theinterface electrode 230 a to reflect light coming from an external source. Preferably, thereflective electrode 213 is disposed on the patternedorganic layer 214 having the recesses and protrusions, such that it reflects light in a predetermined direction. Thereflective electrode 213 is electrically connected to thedrain electrode 218 c through thesecond electrode 212 and theinterface electrode 230 a. - A driving integrated circuit (not shown) applies data voltage to the
second electrode 212 and thereflective electrode 213 through theTFT 219 and theinterface electrode 230 a to form an electric field between thefirst electrode 206 and thesecond electrode 212, and an electric field between thefirst electrode 206 and thereflective electrode 213. Thesecond electrode 212 may be disposed over thepixel region 240, and thereflective electrode 213 may be disposed on a portion of thesecond electrode 212 corresponding to thereflective region 260. - In some embodiments, the positions of the
reflective electrode 213 and thesecond electrode 212 may be switched. - The
liquid crystal layer 208 is disposed between the first andsecond members liquid crystal layer 208 may be in any of the well-known modes including a vertical alignment (VA) mode, a twisted nematic (TN) mode, a mixed twisted nematic (MTN) mode or a homogeneous alignment mode. The homogeneous alignment mode includes an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode. - It is well-known to use alignment films with liquid crystal devices to align the liquid crystals in the
liquid crystal layer 208. Alignment films (not shown) are disposed on the first andsecond members source line 218 a′ extends. Theinterface region 255 is difficult to rub properly because of the “step” at the interface formed by theorganic layer 214. As a result, the problems of light leakage and afterimage often stem from the inadequate alignment near this interface region. The exact location where light leakage and afterimage occurs is dependent on the rubbing direction. Forming theinterface electrode 230 a in the region that is primarily responsible for the problems of light leakage and formation of afterimage solves these problems by blocking light. Preferably, theinterface electrode 230 a is positioned and shaped to achieve the most dramatic reduction in light leakage and afterimage, although the invention is not so limited. Likewise, the invention is not limited to any particular rubbing direction. -
FIGS. 5A, 5B , 5C, and 5D are plan views depicting a method of manufacturing theLCD apparatus 20, andFIGS. 6A through 6J are cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing method. - Referring to
FIGS. 5A and 6A , thepixel region 240 and thereflective region 260 are defined on thesecond substrate 220. Thepixel region 240 includes thetransmissive region 250 that transmits the light from the backlight assembly (not shown). Thereflective region 260 reflects the light from an external source. - Referring to
FIGS. 5B and 6B , a conductive material is deposited on thesecond substrate 220. The deposited conductive material is partially removed to form thegate electrode 218 b and thegate line 218 b′. Thegate insulating layer 226 is deposited over thesecond substrate 220 having thegate electrode 218 b and thegate line 218 b′. Thegate insulating layer 226 includes silicon nitride (SiNx). - Referring to
FIGS. 5C and 6C , amorphous silicon and N+ amorphous silicon are consecutively deposited on the second substrate having thegate insulating layer 226. The deposited amorphous silicon and N+ amorphous silicon layers are etched to form the semiconductor layer on thegate insulating layer 226 corresponding to thegate electrode 218 b. A conductive material is deposited on thegate insulating layer 226 having the semiconductor layer. The deposited conductive material is partially etched to form thesource electrode 218 a, thesource line 218 a′, thedrain electrode 218 c and theinterface electrode 230 a. Therefore, theTFT 219 having thesource electrode 218 a, thegate electrode 218 b, thedrain electrode 218 c and the semiconductor layer is formed. - The
interface electrode 230 a is disposed in theinterface region 255 such that it contacts thedrain electrode 218 c. Theinterface electrode 230 a has a rectangular shape and extends in the same direction as thegate line 218 b′. - The
interface electrode 230 a may be formed together with thedrain electrode 218 c, as an integrated electrode. Alternatively, theinterface electrode 230 a may be formed by a process that is separate from the process for forming of thedrain electrode 218 c. - Referring to
FIG. 6D , a transparent insulating material is deposited on thesecond substrate 220 having theTFT 219, to form thepassivation layer 216. Preferably, the transparent insulating material comprises silicon nitride (SiNx). Thepassivation layer 216 near theinterface electrode 230 a is removed to expose a part of theinterface electrode 230 a. Thus, thepassivation layer 216 does not cover theinterface electrode 230 a in its entirety. The opening may be formed before or after theorganic layer 214 is formed. - Referring to
FIG. 6E , an organic material (e.g., photoresist) is deposited on thepassivation layer 216 and developed to form the patternedorganic layer 214 with theopening 229 in thetransmissive region 250. Theinterface electrode 230 a and thepassivation layer 216 in thetransmissive region 250 are exposed through theopening 229. “Patterned,” as used herein, refers to an uneven surface, e.g., a surface having dips (recesses) and bumps (protrusions). The recesses and protrusions are disposed on theorganic layer 214. The exposing process may be performed using one mask or a plurality of masks. When one mask is used, the mask includes slits or translucent portions. The slits or translucent portions of the mask form the patterns on the surface of the organic layer, and the transparent portion of the mask forms theinterface electrode 230 a and thetransmissive region 250. - The first and second cell gaps are controlled by the thickness of the
organic layer 214. Typically, the thickness of theorganic layer 214 is approximately equal to a half of the second cell gap minus the thickness of thereflective electrode 213. - Referring to
FIG. 6F , a transparent conductive material is deposited on theorganic layer 214 and thepassivation layer 216. The transparent conductive material may include ITO, IZO, ZO, etc. The deposited transparent conductive material is partially etched to form thesecond electrode 212. Thesecond electrode 212 is formed on thetransmissive region 250 and theinterface electrode 230 a. Thesecond electrode 212 is also disposed on theorganic layer 214, as shown. - Referring to
FIG. 6G , a conductive material having high reflectance is deposited on theorganic layer 214 and thesecond electrode 212. Preferably, the conductive material having high reflectance comprises aluminum (Al) and neodymium (Nd). The deposited conductive material having high reflectance is partially etched to form thereflective electrode 213 in thereflective region 260. - The
reflective electrode 213 may have a multi-layered structure. The multi-layered structure may include one or more of a molybdenum-tungsten (Mo—W) alloy layer, a silver layer, a silver alloy layer, and an aluminum-neodymium (Al—Nd) alloy layer. Thereflective electrode 213 is electrically connected to thedrain electrode 218 c through thesecond electrode 212 and theinterface electrode 230 a. - In some embodiments, the
second electrode 212 is formed after thereflective electrode 213 is formed so that a part of thesecond electrode 212 is disposed on the reflective electrode 213 (e.g., seeFIG. 4 ). When thesecond electrode 212 is disposed on thereflective electrode 213, the adhesiveness of thereflective electrode 213 is increased. - Referring to
FIG. 6H , an opaque material is deposited on thefirst substrate 200. The opaque material is removed from the pixel region 140 (shown inFIG. 2 ) to form theblack matrix 202 in the peripheral region 145 (also shown inFIG. 2 ). - The
color filter 204 is formed on thefirst substrate 200 having theblack matrix 202. As described above, light having a predetermined wavelength passes through thecolor filter 204. In an alternative embodiment, thecolor filter 204 may be formed on thesecond substrate 220 instead of thefirst substrate 200. When thecolor filter 204 is formed on thesecond substrate 220, the color filter may be positioned between theorganic layer 214 and thesecond substrate 220. - A transparent conductive material is deposited on the
first substrate 200 having thecolor filter 204 and theblack matrix 202 to form thefirst electrode 206. The transparent conductive material typically includes one of ITO, IZO, ZO, etc. - An organic material is coated on the
first electrode 206. Preferably, the organic material comprises photoresist. The coated organic material is then exposed and developed to form thespacer 210 on the portion of thefirst electrode 206 that overlies theblack matrix 202. Thespacer 210 is not limited to being a column spacer, as shown, and may be replaced with ball spacers or any other spacer shape/configuration. - Referring to
FIG. 6I , thefirst member 270 is combined with thesecond member 280. Referring toFIG. 6J , liquid crystals are injected into the space between the first andsecond members first member 270 or thesecond member 280 having the sealant (not shown) and then the two members are combined to form theliquid crystal layer 208. - When the alignment layer (not shown) is rubbed in a direction that is substantially parallel to the direction in which the
source line 218 a′ extends, the LCD apparatus benefits from the presence of theinterface electrode 230 a. As described above, theinterface electrode 230 a usually has a rectangular shape and extends in the direction parallel to thegate line 218 b′. By blocking light at the interface between the reflective and the transmissive regions, theinterface electrode 230 a decreases light leakage and afterimage, enhancing the overall display quality of the LCD apparatus. -
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals denote the same elements in different Figures. Thus, in the interest of efficiency, the elements that were described above will not be described again in reference toFIG. 7 . - The
TFT 219 includes asource electrode 218 a, agate electrode 218 b, adrain electrode 218 c and a semiconductor layer pattern. Aninterface electrode 230 b, which is located in theinterface region 255, is electrically coupled to thedrain electrode 218 c. Theinterface electrode 230 b electrically connects thedrain electrode 218 c to the second electrode. In reference to the plan view ofFIG. 7 , theinterface electrode 230 b is disposed at the lower and right corner of theinterface region 255. In this embodiment, theinterface electrode 230 b is located at a corner of theinterface region 255 that is farthest away from thegate electrode 218 b. Theinterface electrode 230 b has a right-triangular shape. This shape and location of theinterface electrode 230 b is effective for when the rubbing direction is substantially diagonal with respect to thetransmissive region 260 ofFIG. 7 . For example, theinterface electrode 230 b shaped and located as described above is effective when the alignment film is rubbed from the lower right corner to the upper left corner of the opening 229 (in reference to the plan view ofFIG. 7 ) because the lower right corner is difficult to rub properly. With this rubbing direction, light leakage and afterimage problems are the worst near the lower right corner of theopening 229. By forming theinterface electrode 230 b near the area where light leakage occurs, the most dramatic effect can be achieved. Although not shown, alignment films are disposed on the first andsecond members - The exact degree of light leakage and afterimage depends on the rubbing direction. When the
interface electrode 230 b is disposed in theinterface region 255, light leakage and afterimage are significantly reduced. -
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an LCD apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment ofFIG. 8 , theTFT 219 includes asource electrode 218 a, agate electrode 218 b, adrain electrode 218 c, a semiconductor layer pattern and aninterface electrode 230 c. Ainterface electrode 230 c is electrically coupled to thedrain electrode 218 c, thereby creating an electrically connection between thedrain electrode 218 c and asecond electrode 212. Theinterface electrode 230 c is disposed adjacent to a lower right corner of thetransmissive region 250, and has a mirror-image L-shape. Theinterface electrode 230 c extends across theinterface region 255 and continues around the corner to extend in a direction parallel to thesource line 218 a′, forming a ‘’ shape. This configuration of theinterface electrode 230 c is effective when the rubbing direction is diagonal with respect to theopening 229, from a lower right corner of theopening 229 to an upper left corner of theopening 229. - For the reasons described above, an LCD apparatus that includes an interface electrode disposed at the lower right corner of the opening 229 (in reference to
FIG. 7 andFIG. 8 ) shows decreased light leakage and afterimage. When the rubbing direction is from the lower right corner to the upper left corner of theopening 229 as seen on a plan view, theinterface electrode 230 c may have the angled shape depicted inFIG. 8 . However, the position and the shape of theinterface electrode 230 c may be independent of the rubbing direction. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand how to adjust the shape and position of theinterface electrode 230 c to achieve the most dramatic reduction of light leakage and afterimage. -
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing anLCD apparatus 30 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, andFIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of theLCD apparatus 30. Unlike the first embodiment shown inFIG. 3 andFIG. 4 , where thesecond electrode 112 climbs up the sidewall in theinterface region 255 and covers theorganic layer 114, the second electrode is located under the organic layer in the second embodiment. - Referring to
FIGS. 9 and 10 , theLCD apparatus 30 includes afirst member 370, asecond member 380 and aliquid crystal layer 308. Thefirst member 370 includes afirst substrate 300, ablack matrix 302, acolor filter 304, afirst electrode 306 and aspacer 310. Thesecond member 380 includes asecond substrate 320, aTFT 319, agate insulating layer 326, apassivation layer 316, anorganic layer 314, asecond electrode 312, and areflective electrode 313. Thesecond member 380 includes atransmissive region 350, areflective region 360, and aninterface region 355 located therebetween. Unlike the embodiment shown inFIG. 4 , in which the second electrode was deposited after the organic layer, thesecond electrode 312 is deposited before theorganic layer 314 in this embodiment. - The
TFT 319 is formed in thereflective region 360 of thesecond substrate 320 and includes asource electrode 318 a, agate electrode 318 b, adrain electrode 318 c, and a semiconductor layer pattern. - The
interface electrode 330 a is disposed in theinterface region 355 so that it is adjacent to thedrain electrode 318 c. In the embodiment shown, theinterface electrode 330 a has a rectangular shape and extends in a direction parallel to thegate line 318 b′. - The
passivation layer 316 is disposed on thesecond substrate 320 having theTFT 319 and includes an opening so that theinterface electrode 330 a is not entirely covered by thepassivation layer 316. - The
second electrode 312, which is disposed on thepassivation layer 316 and theinterface electrode 330 a, is electrically coupled to theinterface electrode 330 a. When a voltage is applied between thesecond electrode 312 and thefirst electrode 306, the arrangement of liquid crystals in theliquid crystal layer 308 is controlled. Thus, the transmittance of light through theliquid crystal layer 308 may be manipulated by adjusting the voltage. - The
organic layer 314 is disposed on thepassivation layer 316 in thereflective region 360 and on a portion of thesecond electrode 312 so as to electrically insulate theTFT 319 from thereflective electrode 313. As shown, the thickness of theorganic layer 314 in thereflective region 360 is different from the thickness of theorganic layer 314 in thetransmissive region 350. The thickness of theliquid crystal layer 308, and therefore the cell gap, is determined by the thickness of theorganic layer 314. Thus, the thicknesses of theorganic layer 314 in the different regions are selected to achieve a predetermined first cell gap C1 in thereflective region 360 and a predetermined second cell gap C2 corresponding to thetransmissive region 350. Optionally, a pattern is formed on theorganic layer 314. The pattern increases the reflectance of thereflective electrode 313, as mentioned above. - The
reflective electrode 313 is disposed on theorganic layer 314 and on the portion of thesecond electrode 312 in theinterface region 355 so as to reflect light coming from a source that is external to the LCD apparatus. Thereflective electrode 313 is deposited conformally to maintain the pattern formed on theorganic layer 314, such that the directions in which light is reflected are controlled by the angles in the pattern. Thereflective electrode 313 includes a conductive material and is electrically coupled to thedrain electrode 318 c through thesecond electrode 312 and theinterface electrode 330. - The surfaces of the first and
second members source line 318 a′ extends. -
FIGS. 11A, 11B , and 11C are plan views showing a method of manufacturing theLCD apparatus 300, andFIGS. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views showing the method ofFIGS. 11A, 11B , and 11C. - Referring to
FIGS. 11A and 12A , thetransmissive region 350, which transmits the light from the backlight assembly (not shown), and thereflective region 360, which reflects the light from an external source, are defined in thesecond substrate 320. Referring toFIGS. 11B and 12B , theTFT 319 is formed on thesecond substrate 320. Thepassivation layer 316 is formed on thesecond substrate 320 having theTFT 319, but in a way that it does not completely cover theinterface electrode 330 a. As shown, at least a part of theinterface electrode 330 a is exposed through an opening in thepassivation layer 316 at this stage of the process. - Referring to
FIG. 12C , a transparent conductive material is deposited on thepassivation layer 316. The transparent conductive material may contain ITO. The deposited transparent conductive material is partially etched to form thesecond electrode 312. Thesecond electrode 312 is formed in thetransmissive region 350 and theinterface electrode 330 a. In some embodiments, a film of the deposited transparent material may remain on thepassivation layer 316 in thereflective region 360. - Referring to
FIG. 12D , an organic material (e.g., a photoresist) is coated on thepassivation layer 316 and thesecond electrode 312. The coated organic material is then exposed and developed to be removed from thetransmissive region 350, forming theorganic layer 314 with recesses and protrusions on its surface. Theinterface electrode 330 a and thetransmissive region 350 are exposed through theopening 329. The recesses and protrusions are formed on theorganic layer 314, for example by using a mask that includes a translucent part and a transparent part. Slits may be present in the translucent parts of the mask. - Referring to
FIG. 12E , a conductive material having a high reflectance is deposited on theorganic layer 314 and thesecond electrode 312. The conductive material may include multiple layers, for example a molybdenum-tungsten alloy layer and an aluminum-neodymium layer that are consecutively deposited. The deposited conductive material is partially etched to form thereflective electrode 313 having the multi-layered structure in thereflective region 360. Thereflective electrode 313 is electrically connected to thedrain electrode 318 c through thesecond electrode 312 and theinterface electrode 330 a. - Referring to
FIG. 12F , theblack matrix 302, thecolor filter 304, thefirst electrode 306, and thespacer 310 are formed on thefirst substrate 300 to form thefirst member 370. - As shown in
FIG. 12G , thefirst member 370 is combined with thesecond member 380, and theliquid crystal layer 308 is interposed between the first andsecond members liquid crystal layer 308 may be formed through a vacuum injection process or a dropping process, both of which are well-known. - When the rubbing direction is substantially parallel to the
source line 318 a′, the LCD apparatus benefits from theinterface electrode 330 a that has a rectangular shape and extends in the direction parallel to the direction in which thegate line 318 b′ extends. Theinterface electrode 330 a decreases light leakage and afterimage of the LCD apparatus. - Experiment 1
- The reflectances of
conventional LCD apparatuses 100 having contact holes were compared to the reflectances of LCD apparatuses built according to the invention. In the tables below, the LCD apparatuses having contact holes are indicated with odd numbers and the LCD apparatuses built according to the invention are indicated by even numbers. For the apparatus that are built according to the invention, the interface electrodes had rectangular shapes extending in a plane parallel to thegate line 218 b′. - The conventional LCD apparatuses that have contact holes were similar to the LCD apparatus built according to the invention except for the presence of contact holes and absence of the interface electrodes. The sizes of the contact holes were substantially equal to the sizes of the interface electrodes.
- Patterns of recesses and protrusions were formed on the organic layers in the LCD apparatuses. The recesses and protrusions were formed by using well-known exposing and developing processes. The reflectance was measured and recorded for various exposure times. Table 1 shows the reflectances of the LCD apparatus with contact holes for various exposure times.
TABLE 1 Reflectance of LCD apparatuses having contact holes Exposing TIme Cell No. 1,000 ms 1,400 ms 1,600 ms 1,800 ms 2,000 ms 1 11.4 14.9 3 18.1 19.6 15.1 12.9 5 5.7 19.7 15.1 7 19.1 11 19.7 10.4 13 9.8 16.7 11.1 15 11.3 19.5 16.6 13.4 10.4 17 11 16.5 21 10.7 23 13.3 25 10.8 19.6 18 13 27 10.3 18.2 Average(%) 10.0 19.2 18.1 14.1 11.1 Maximum 11.4 19.7 19.7 15.1 12.9 value(%)
When the exposing times were 1,000 ms, 1,400 ms, 1,600 ms, 1,800 ms and 2,000 ms, the average reflectances were 10.0%, 19.2%, 18.1%, 14.1% and 11.1%, respectively. According to the results, the optimum exposure time was 1,400 ms. With the exposure time of 1,400 ms, the reflectance was 19.2%. - Table 2 shows the reflectance of the LCD apparatuses that are built according to the invention, at various exposure times.
TABLE 2 Reflectance of LCD apparatuses built according to the invention Exposing Time Cell No. 1,000 ms 1,400 ms 1,600 ms 1,800 ms 2,000 ms 2 3.7 19.2 13.8 12.4 4 2.9 16 6 3 21.2 8 4.7 12 4.6 20.5 18.1 12 11.7 14 21.1 18.8 11.7 11.9 16 3.8 20.4 18.7 11.9 11.9 18 20.5 19.5 12.3 22 11.5 21.4 12.9 24 3.9 21.8 12.4 11.7 26 3.2 21.4 19.2 12.8 28 3.1 20.1 12.4 Average(%) 4.4 21.0 19.4 12.8 11.9 Maximum 11.5 21.8 21.2 16 12.4 value(%)
At exposure times of 1,000 ms, 1,400 ms, 1,600 ms, 1,800 ms and 2,000 ms, the average reflectance was 4.4%, 21.0%, 19.4%, 12.8% and 11.9%, respectively. According to the results, the optimum exposure time was 1,400 ms. When the exposure time was 1,400 ms, the reflectance was 21.0%. - A comparison of the values in Table 1 to the values in Table 2 indicates that the optimum reflectance was increased from 19.2% to 21.0% by eliminating the contact hole. As mentioned above, the size of the contact hole for the apparatuses in Table 1 was similar to the size of the interface electrodes in the apparatuses of Table 2.
- In some embodiments, the interface electrode may be made larger than the contact hole to effectively prevent light leakage and afterimage from occurring near the interface between the transmissive region and the reflective region.
- The experimental results confirm that LCD apparatuses including the interface electrodes generally show improved reflectance due to decreased light leakage and afterimage. In addition, when the second electrode is positioned under the organic layer, the reflective electrode is electrically connected to the interface electrode, thereby enhancing light transmittance. Overall, the display quality of the LCD apparatus is improved.
- It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variation can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (32)
1. A display apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a transparent electrode;
a liquid crystal layer located between the substrate and the transparent electrode, the liquid crystal layer having a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region located between the reflective region and the transmissive region;
a thin film transistor that is electrically coupled to the transparent electrode through an electrical coupling in the interface region.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a reflective electrode positioned in the reflective region and the interface region, wherein the reflective electrode is electrically coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an organic layer positioned between the reflective electrode and the thin film transistor such that the organic layer forms a sidewall in the interface region, wherein the reflective electrode covers the sidewall and the organic layer.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the transparent electrode covers the transmissive region, the sidewall, and the organic layer.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the transparent electrode is located between the reflective electrode and the thin film transistor.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the organic layer has a patterned surface and the reflective electrode is conformally coated on the patterned surface.
7. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the transparent electrode is in the reflective region, the transmissive region, and the interface region, and wherein the transparent electrode in the reflective region is covered by the organic layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the reflective electrode comprises at least one of a silver layer, a silver alloy layer, a molybdenum-tungsten alloy layer, and an aluminum-neodymium layer.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thin film transistor comprises a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, wherein the gate electrode is located in the reflective region and one of the source electrode and the drain electrode extends from the reflective region to the interface region to form an interface electrode that forms the electrical coupling with the transparent electrode.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the interface electrode is shaped and positioned to prevent light leakage in the interface region.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the interface electrode extends across the interface region.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising a signal line that forms a border with the reflective region, the transmissive region, and the interface region, wherein the interface electrode is located at the border.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the shape and position of the interface electrode are adjusted according to a rubbing direction for the apparatus.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective region and the transmissive region are located in a pixel region of the apparatus that is defined by signal lines.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a color filter coupled to one of the substrate and the transparent electrode for filtering light of a predetermined wavelength range.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective region has a first cell gap and the transmissive region has a second cell gap, and wherein the second cell gap is approximately twice as large as the first cell gap.
17. A display apparatus comprising:
a first member including a first substrate;
a second member including:
a second substrate having a reflective region for reflecting light and a transmissive region for transmitting light;
a thin film transistor formed in the reflective region of the second substrate;
a transparent electrode deposited on the second substrate;
an organic layer deposited on the second substrate, the organic layer having a first thickness in the reflective region and a second thickness in the transmissive region, wherein a sidewall having a height that is approximately equal to a difference between the first thickness and the second thickness forms in an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region, and wherein the thin film transistor is electrically coupled to the transparent electrode in the interface region; and
a liquid crystal layer located between the first member and the second member.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the thin film transistor comprises a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, wherein the gate electrode is located in the first region and one of the source electrode and the drain electrode extends from the first region to the interface region to form an interface electrode that is coupled to the transparent electrode.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the interface electrode is shaped and positioned to reduce light leakage in the interface region.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein a shape and a position of the interface electrode is determined by a rubbing direction of the apparatus.
21. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a reflective electrode deposited on the organic layer in the reflective region.
22. An array substrate for a display device, comprising:
a substrate having a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region;
a thin film transistor formed in the reflective region;
an organic layer formed in the reflective region over the thin film transistor, the organic layer forming a sidewall in the interface region; and
a transparent electrode deposited over the thin film transistor, coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
23. The array substrate of claim 22 , wherein the transparent electrode covers the organic layer in the reflective region.
24. The array substrate of claim 23 further comprising a reflective electrode deposited on the organic layer in the reflective region, the reflective region being electrically coupled to the transparent electrode.
25. The array substrate of claim 22 , wherein the organic layer covers the transparent electrode.
26. A method of making a display apparatus, the method comprising:
providing a substrate having a reflective region, a transmissive region, and an interface region between the reflective region and the transmissive region, wherein a thin film transistor is located in the reflective region;
forming an organic layer in the reflective region on the thin film transistor, such that the organic layer forms a sidewall in the interface region; and
depositing a transparent electrode on the thin film transistor such that the transparent electrode is coupled to the thin film transistor in the interface region.
27. The method of claim 26 further comprising depositing a reflective electrode on the organic layer in the reflective region.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the transparent electrode is deposited on the organic layer.
29. The method of claim 26 , wherein the organic layer is deposited on the transparent electrode in the reflective region.
30. The method of claim 25 further comprising forming an interface electrode in the interface region for electrically coupling the thin film transistor to the transparent electrode, wherein the interface electrode is positioned to prevent light leakage.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising adjusting a shape and position of the interface electrode according to a rubbing direction of the display apparatus.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the interface electrode is formed by a separate process from the thin film transistor.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/506,951 US7450203B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2006-08-18 | Display apparatus with improved luminescence |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR2003-80523 | 2003-11-14 | ||
KR1020030080523A KR101066410B1 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2003-11-14 | Array substrate, method of manufacturing the same and liquid crystal display apparatus having the same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/506,951 Continuation US7450203B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2006-08-18 | Display apparatus with improved luminescence |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050105023A1 true US20050105023A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
Family
ID=34567734
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/796,375 Abandoned US20050105023A1 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2004-03-08 | Display apparatus with improved luminescence |
US11/506,951 Expired - Fee Related US7450203B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2006-08-18 | Display apparatus with improved luminescence |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/506,951 Expired - Fee Related US7450203B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2006-08-18 | Display apparatus with improved luminescence |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20050105023A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005148745A (en) |
KR (1) | KR101066410B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100465740C (en) |
TW (1) | TW200516298A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070097282A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Thin film multilayer substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and liquid crystal display having thin film multilayer substrate |
US20080061422A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. | Spacer spraying method and liquid crystal display manufactured by the same |
US20080143939A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Masaya Adachi | Transflective liquid crystal displays |
US20090141219A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2009-06-04 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Liquid crystal device, method of manufacturing liquid crystal device, and electronic apparatus |
US20090273746A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Liquid crystal display device |
US20110085102A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Kim Jae-Hyun | Liquid crystal display and method of manufacturing the same |
US20110085099A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Kim Jae-Hyun | Liquid crystal display with improved side visibility |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4799926B2 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2011-10-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Transflective TFT array substrate and transflective liquid crystal display device |
JP2007094030A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corp | Liquid crystal device and electronic equipment |
KR20080044711A (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Thin film transistor substrate and method for manufacturing the same |
KR20080070419A (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Transflective liquid crystal and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6330047B1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2001-12-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for fabricating the same |
US6620655B2 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2003-09-16 | Lg.Phillips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Array substrate for transflective LCD device and method of fabricating the same |
US20040201801A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Park Young Il | Semi-transmission type liquid crystal display device |
US20050024559A1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2005-02-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2955277B2 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 1999-10-04 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
JP4167335B2 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 2008-10-15 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
JP4961077B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2012-06-27 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Electrode substrate for liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof |
US6690438B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2004-02-10 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel |
JP3895952B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2007-03-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | Transflective liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof |
KR100776939B1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2007-11-21 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | method for fabricating a Transflective liquid crystal display device |
KR100617029B1 (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2006-08-30 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | Method for manufacturing liquid crystal display device |
KR100787815B1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2007-12-21 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | Transflective liquid crystal display device and Method of fabricating the same |
JP4145544B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2008-09-03 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Transflective liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2003330022A (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-19 | Advanced Display Inc | Liquid crystal display |
KR100760939B1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2007-09-21 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | semitransparent type LCD and method for manufacturing the same |
-
2003
- 2003-11-14 KR KR1020030080523A patent/KR101066410B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-03-08 US US10/796,375 patent/US20050105023A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-12 TW TW093106697A patent/TW200516298A/en unknown
- 2004-04-12 CN CNB2004100343493A patent/CN100465740C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-12 JP JP2004328547A patent/JP2005148745A/en active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-08-18 US US11/506,951 patent/US7450203B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6330047B1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2001-12-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for fabricating the same |
US6620655B2 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2003-09-16 | Lg.Phillips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Array substrate for transflective LCD device and method of fabricating the same |
US20050024559A1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2005-02-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus |
US20040201801A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Park Young Il | Semi-transmission type liquid crystal display device |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090141219A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2009-06-04 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Liquid crystal device, method of manufacturing liquid crystal device, and electronic apparatus |
US8411237B2 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2013-04-02 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal device, method of manufacturing liquid crystal device, and electronic apparatus |
US20070097282A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Thin film multilayer substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and liquid crystal display having thin film multilayer substrate |
US20080061422A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. | Spacer spraying method and liquid crystal display manufactured by the same |
US20080143939A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Masaya Adachi | Transflective liquid crystal displays |
US8031305B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2011-10-04 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | Transflective liquid crystal display comprising a polarizing layer disposed between a reflective layer and an electrode group, and the reflective layer is an upper layer of a TFT in the reflection area |
US20090273746A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Liquid crystal display device |
US8064010B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-11-22 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal display device |
US20110085102A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Kim Jae-Hyun | Liquid crystal display and method of manufacturing the same |
US20110085099A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Kim Jae-Hyun | Liquid crystal display with improved side visibility |
US8432501B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2013-04-30 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display with improved side visibility |
US8493523B2 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2013-07-23 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display with two sub-pixel regions and a storage capacitor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005148745A (en) | 2005-06-09 |
CN100465740C (en) | 2009-03-04 |
US20060279678A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
KR101066410B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
TW200516298A (en) | 2005-05-16 |
CN1617030A (en) | 2005-05-18 |
US7450203B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
KR20050046908A (en) | 2005-05-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7450203B2 (en) | Display apparatus with improved luminescence | |
JP3768367B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
US8390770B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display, color filter substrate and manufacturing method thereof | |
US8471987B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
JP4928712B2 (en) | Thin film transistor array substrate and liquid crystal display device including the same | |
JP4301259B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof | |
US20150205175A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device having rectangular-shaped pixel electrodes overlapping with comb-shaped counter electrodes in plan view | |
JP4167085B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
US20130037811A9 (en) | Transflective liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating the same | |
JP5652841B2 (en) | Thin film transistor display panel | |
US20090294781A1 (en) | Array substrate for liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating the same | |
US20070052888A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof | |
US20060066781A1 (en) | Color filter panel, and liquid crystal display including color filter panel | |
JP2007333809A (en) | Transflective liquid crystal display device | |
US20070188682A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a display device | |
US7233376B2 (en) | Transflective LCD with reflective electrode offset from transmissile electrode | |
JP4900332B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device | |
KR101341774B1 (en) | Liquid Crystal Display and Method For Manufacturing of The Same | |
JP2005031552A (en) | Liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal projector equipped with the same | |
KR101366537B1 (en) | Array substrate in liquid crystal display device and Method for fabricating the same | |
JP3929409B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
KR101590381B1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device and Method of fabricating the same | |
JP2009093145A (en) | Display device and method of manufacturing same | |
JP2007086112A (en) | Transflective type liquid crystal display | |
US20070178390A1 (en) | Exposure mask, liquid crystal display device using the same, and method of manufacturing liquid crystal display device using the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIM, JAE-HYUN;JANG, YONG-KYU;PARK, WON-SANG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015066/0376 Effective date: 20040218 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |