US20050120541A1 - Method and apparatus for fastening steel framing members using helical features - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for fastening steel framing members using helical features Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050120541A1 US20050120541A1 US11/037,761 US3776105A US2005120541A1 US 20050120541 A1 US20050120541 A1 US 20050120541A1 US 3776105 A US3776105 A US 3776105A US 2005120541 A1 US2005120541 A1 US 2005120541A1
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- fastener
- framing members
- coil section
- section
- steel
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
- F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
- F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
- F16B5/0657—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship at least one of the plates providing a raised structure, e.g. of the doghouse type, for connection with the clamps or clips of the other plate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/04—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically
- B21J15/043—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically by pulling a mandrel
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
- E04B2/76—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal
- E04B2/766—T-connections
- E04B2/767—Connections between wall studs and upper or lower locating rails
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
- F16B19/086—Self-piercing rivets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
- F16B19/10—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
- F16B19/1027—Multi-part rivets
- F16B19/1036—Blind rivets
- F16B19/1081—Blind rivets fastened by a drive-pin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
- F16B2/20—Clips, i.e. with gripping action effected solely by the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
- F16B2/22—Clips, i.e. with gripping action effected solely by the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening of resilient material, e.g. rubbery material
- F16B2/24—Clips, i.e. with gripping action effected solely by the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening of resilient material, e.g. rubbery material of metal
- F16B2/248—Clips, i.e. with gripping action effected solely by the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening of resilient material, e.g. rubbery material of metal of wire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
- F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
- F16B39/28—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt
- F16B39/284—Locking by means of elastic deformation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
- F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
- F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
- F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
- Y10T29/49943—Riveting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
- Y10T29/4995—Nonthreaded
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
- Y10T29/49956—Riveting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/45—Flexibly connected rigid members
- Y10T403/459—Helical spring type coupling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/71—Rod side to plate or side
- Y10T403/7117—Flanged or grooved rod
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to steel framing and, more particularly, to an improved cost-effective method for fastening steel framing.
- Steel framing is revolutionizing the construction industry. Steel is a high quality framing material that will not shrink, warp, or attract termites and other wood boring insects. In recent years, the price of steel has become more competitive with wood and other construction materials. However, despite its advantages, steel framing has not become prevalent in the residential construction industry. The lack of a quick and cost effective technique for fastening steel members has prevented steel framing from emerging as the predominant building material in residential construction.
- the steel fastening technique will be comparable in speed to an air nailer used to fasten wood materials. It is further envisioned that the steel fastening technique will provide a minimal gap between steel members, a pullout force of at least 216 lb., a shear force of at least 164 lb., as well as cause minimal destruction of any galvanize coating on the steel members.
- the fastening technique employs a fastener having a tip section such that a portion of the tip section extending beyond the underside of the framing members may be outwardly flared, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members.
- the fastening technique employs a fastener having a steel tip nose for piercing the framing members and a plastic stem section, such that a portion of the stem section extending beyond the underside of the framing members expands, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members.
- the fastening technique employs a fastener having a coil section with an elastic characteristic.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary prospective view of a steel framing member having two additional steel framing members fastened thereto in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view of a first preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the outwardly expanding fastener illustrating fracture lines in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener penetrating partially through the steel members in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener being driven against the outer surface of the steel members in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating a pin being driven into a bottom portion of the outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a side view of a second preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a side view of a third preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the third preferred embodiment of the outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener penetrating partially through the steel members in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener being driven against the outer surface of the steel members in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 15 is a side view of an exemplary steel tip fastener in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are cross-sectional views, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 15 , illustrating the steel tip fastener partially penetrating through the steel members in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 15 , illustrating an enlarged stem portion of the steel tip fastener engaging the underside of the steel member in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 20 is a side view of the twisted spring fastener in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a side view of a forth preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener being driven against the outer surface of the steel members in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention.
- fastening technique of the present invention is applicable to any two or more adjacent members made of steel (e.g., carbon steel, hardened steel, stainless steel, tool steel, etc.) or other material having similar attributes to those of steel (e.g., nonferrous metals, including nickel, alloys, titanium, copper and aluminum).
- steel e.g., carbon steel, hardened steel, stainless steel, tool steel, etc.
- other material having similar attributes to those of steel e.g., nonferrous metals, including nickel, alloys, titanium, copper and aluminum.
- one or more outwardly expanding fasteners 20 may be used to join the steel members.
- a first exemplary embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener 20 is depicted in FIG. 2 .
- the fastener 20 is comprised of an integrally formed member having a head section 22 , a stem section 24 and a tip section 26 .
- the fastener 20 further includes a bore 28 which is formed into the head section 22 of the fastener.
- the bore 28 extends downwardly through the stem section 24 and into the tip section 26 of the fastener.
- the bore 28 is adapted to receive a pin 30 therein.
- the fastener 20 is preferably comprised of a harden steel material or, alternatively, a softer steel material having a tip section formed of a hardened material such as carbide, ceramic, or a harden steel.
- a two-step process is used to set the fastener 20 into the framing members.
- the expanding fastener 20 is driven into the steel members until the head of the fastener seats against the outer surface of the steel members as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the driving device is configured to engage the head section 22 of the fastener and may provide a backplate to prevent unwanted deformation of the steel at the point at which the fastener pierces the steel members.
- the driving device drives the fasteners at relatively high speeds (e.g., greater than 50 feet per second).
- the driving device may drive the fastener at lower speeds, but apply a relatively high force.
- an air nailer or other known driving devices may be configured to drive the fasteners 20 of the present invention into the steel members.
- the fracture lines may not extend to the distal end of the tip section 26 , thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the tip section 26 ′ as it is driven into the framing members.
- separation of tip section 26 can be facilitated by forming the tip section 26 from two or more segmented members. The segmented members are not connected to one another at tip section 26 and, therefore, do not require fracture lines 32 to facilitate the separation of tip section 26 .
- the pin 30 resides in the bore 28 of the fastener as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the driving device may be configured to provide a two-step actuation mechanism: a first step for driving the fastener into the steel members, and a second step for driving the pin 30 into the bore of the fastener.
- the pin 30 may be integrated into the driving device that drives the fastener 20 into the steel members.
- FIG. 8 A second exemplary embodiment of the expanding fastener 20 ′ is depicted in FIG. 8 .
- the expanding fastener 20 is comprised of an integrally formed member having a head section 22 ′, a stem section 24 ′, and a tip section 26 ′.
- the tip section 26 ′ of the fastener 20 ′ is designed to project radially outward into a butterfly position as shown in FIG. 9 ; otherwise the expanding fastener 20 ′ is set using the two step process described above.
- FIG. 10 A third exemplary embodiment of the expanding fastener 20 ′′ is depicted in FIG. 10 .
- the expanding fastener 20 ′′ is primarily comprised of an integrally formed member having a head section 22 ′′, a stem section 24 ′′ and a tip section 26 ′′.
- an annular groove 32 ′′ may be formed along the outer surface of the stem section 24 ′′.
- the annular groove 32 ′′ of the fastener 20 ′′ is designed to curl the inner surface of the hole made in the steel members.
- the fastener 20 ′′ may be configured with different fracture lines as shown in FIG. 11 , or alternatively, configured with two or more segmented members.
- the fastener 20 ′′ is again driven into the steel members until the head section 22 ′′ of the fastener seats against the outer surface of the steel members as shown in FIG. 13 .
- the annular groove 32 ′′ crimps together the portion of the steel members extending below the underside of the steel members, thereby preventing separation of the two steel members.
- a pin 30 ′′ is then driven into the bore 28 ′′ of the fastener, thereby radially expanding the tip section 26 ′′ of the fastener as described above.
- one or more steel tip fasteners 40 may be used to join the steel members.
- An exemplary steel tip fastener 40 is shown FIG. 15 .
- the steel tip fastener 40 is primarily comprised of an integrally formed member having a head section 42 and a stem section 44 .
- the member is preferably formed of a plastic material.
- the fastener 40 further includes a piercing nose 46 formed at the tip of the fastener, such that the steel nose 42 has a radial dimension slightly less than the radial dimension of the stem section 44 of the fastener 40 .
- the piercing nose 46 is preferably formed of steel or other materials having similar attributes to those of steel.
- the piercing nose 46 punches a hole clean through the steel members as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 .
- the plastic stem portion of the fastener then press fits into the hole as shown in FIG. 18 .
- a portion of the plastic stem will extend past the underside of the steel members. It is envisioned that the friction of the plastic being forced though the hole at a high velocity will cause the portion of the stem extending past the underside of the steel members to expand as shown at 48 of FIG. 18 . In this way, the expanded plastic portion will prevent removal of the fastener from the steel members.
- one or more twisted spring fasteners 60 may be used to join the steel members.
- An exemplary spring fastener 60 is depicted in FIGS. 19 and 20 .
- the spring fastener 60 is comprised of an integrally formed member having a head section 62 and a coil section 64 .
- the fastener is preferably comprised of a steel material, but may be comprised of other materials having an elastic characteristic, such as some plastic materials reinforced with glass, kevlar or graphite fibers.
- a two-step process may be used to set the fastener 60 .
- the head section 62 of the spring fastener 60 is adapted to receive one or more types of torque transmitting devices.
- torque transmitting devices such as a drill
- FIG. 23 A forth exemplary embodiment of the expanding fastener 20 ′′′ is depicted in FIG. 23 .
- the expanding fastener 20 ′′′ is primarily comprised of an integrally formed member having a head section 22 ′′′, a stem section 24 ′′′ and a tip section 26 ′′′.
- teeth 35 ′′′ may extend along the outer surface of the stem section 24 ′′′.
- the teeth 35 ′′′ of the fastener 20 ′′′ are designed to engage with an outer surface of the steel members to further inhibit removal of expanding fastener 20 ′′′.
- the fastener 20 ′′′ may be configured with different fracture lines or alternatively, configured with two or more segmented members.
- the fastener 20 ′′′ is again driven into the steel members until the head section 22 ′′′ of the fastener seats against the outer surface of the steel members as shown in FIG. 24 .
- a pin 30 ′′′ is then driven into the bore 28 ′′′ of the fastener, thereby radially expanding the tip section 26 ′′′ of the fastener as described above.
- the teeth 35 ′′′ engage with the outer surface of the framing members, thereby further inhibiting removal of the fastener 20 ′′′.
Abstract
Various improved methods are provided for fastening two of more steel framing members together with a fastener. In one aspect, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a tip section such that a portion of the tip section extending beyond the underside of the framing members may be outwardly flared, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members In another aspect, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a steel tip nose for piercing the framing members and a plastic stem section, such that a portion of the stem section extending beyond the underside of the framing members expands, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members. In yet another aspect, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a coil section with an elastic characteristic.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/299,994, 60/299,929, and 60/299,951 each of which were filed on Jun. 21, 2001.
- The present invention relates generally to steel framing and, more particularly, to an improved cost-effective method for fastening steel framing.
- Steel framing is revolutionizing the construction industry. Steel is a high quality framing material that will not shrink, warp, or attract termites and other wood boring insects. In recent years, the price of steel has become more competitive with wood and other construction materials. However, despite its advantages, steel framing has not become prevalent in the residential construction industry. The lack of a quick and cost effective technique for fastening steel members has prevented steel framing from emerging as the predominant building material in residential construction.
- Therefore, it is desirable to provide a quick and cost-effective technique for fastening steel members. It is envisioned that the steel fastening technique will be comparable in speed to an air nailer used to fasten wood materials. It is further envisioned that the steel fastening technique will provide a minimal gap between steel members, a pullout force of at least 216 lb., a shear force of at least 164 lb., as well as cause minimal destruction of any galvanize coating on the steel members.
- In accordance with the present invention, various improved methods are provided for fastening two of more steel framing members together with a fastener. In one aspect of the invention, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a tip section such that a portion of the tip section extending beyond the underside of the framing members may be outwardly flared, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members In another aspect of the present invention, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a steel tip nose for piercing the framing members and a plastic stem section, such that a portion of the stem section extending beyond the underside of the framing members expands, thereby inhibiting removal of the fastener from the framing members. In yet another aspect of the present invention, the fastening technique employs a fastener having a coil section with an elastic characteristic.
- Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary prospective view of a steel framing member having two additional steel framing members fastened thereto in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a side view of a first preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the outwardly expanding fastener illustrating fracture lines in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener penetrating partially through the steel members in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener being driven against the outer surface of the steel members in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating a pin being driven into a bottom portion of the outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a side view of a second preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a side view of a third preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the third preferred embodiment of the outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener penetrating partially through the steel members in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener being driven against the outer surface of the steel members in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 15 is a side view of an exemplary steel tip fastener in accordance with another aspect of the present invention; -
FIGS. 16 and 17 are cross-sectional views, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 15 , illustrating the steel tip fastener partially penetrating through the steel members in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 15 , illustrating an enlarged stem portion of the steel tip fastener engaging the underside of the steel member in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 19 is a top view of an exemplary twisted spring fastener in accordance with another aspect of the present invention; -
FIG. 20 is a side view of the twisted spring fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIGS. 21 and 22 are cross-sectional views, taken alongline 44 ofFIG. 19 , illustrating the twisted spring fastener being screwed through two steel members in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 23 is a side view of a forth preferred embodiment of an outwardly expanding fastener in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the outwardly expanding fastener being driven against the outer surface of the steel members in accordance with the present invention; and -
FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 1 , illustrating the radially outwardly flaring of the tip section of the fastener in accordance with the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a fragmentary prospective view of a longitudinalsteel framing member 12 having two uprightsteel framing members more fasteners 20 may be used to join the uprightsteel framing members steel framing member 12. While the following description is provided with reference to this particular configuration, it is readily understood that the fastening technique of the present invention is applicable to any two or more adjacent members made of steel (e.g., carbon steel, hardened steel, stainless steel, tool steel, etc.) or other material having similar attributes to those of steel (e.g., nonferrous metals, including nickel, alloys, titanium, copper and aluminum). - In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, one or more outwardly expanding
fasteners 20 may be used to join the steel members. A first exemplary embodiment of an outwardly expandingfastener 20 is depicted inFIG. 2 . Thefastener 20 is comprised of an integrally formed member having ahead section 22, astem section 24 and atip section 26. Thefastener 20 further includes abore 28 which is formed into thehead section 22 of the fastener. Thebore 28 extends downwardly through thestem section 24 and into thetip section 26 of the fastener. As further described below, thebore 28 is adapted to receive apin 30 therein. Thefastener 20 is preferably comprised of a harden steel material or, alternatively, a softer steel material having a tip section formed of a hardened material such as carbide, ceramic, or a harden steel. - In operation, a two-step process is used to set the
fastener 20 into the framing members. First, the expandingfastener 20 is driven into the steel members until the head of the fastener seats against the outer surface of the steel members as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5 . It is readily understood that the driving device is configured to engage thehead section 22 of the fastener and may provide a backplate to prevent unwanted deformation of the steel at the point at which the fastener pierces the steel members. In one embodiment, the driving device drives the fasteners at relatively high speeds (e.g., greater than 50 feet per second). In an alternative embodiment, the driving device may drive the fastener at lower speeds, but apply a relatively high force. One skilled in the art will readily recognize that an air nailer or other known driving devices may be configured to drive thefasteners 20 of the present invention into the steel members. - Once the
fastener 20 has been driven into place, apin 30 is then driven through thebore 28 and into contact with the inner surface of thetip section 26 of the fastener. Upon impact, thepin 30 forces a portion of the fastener extending beyond the underside of the steel members to project radially outward as shown inFIGS. 6 and 7 . The radially flared portions of thetip section 26 prevents removal of the fastener from the steel members. To facilitate the separation of thetip section 26, it is envisioned that one ormore fracture lines 32 may be formed in thetip section 26 of thefastener 20 as depicted inFIG. 3 . It is further envisioned that the fracture lines may not extend to the distal end of thetip section 26, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of thetip section 26′ as it is driven into the framing members. Alternatively, separation oftip section 26 can be facilitated by forming thetip section 26 from two or more segmented members. The segmented members are not connected to one another attip section 26 and, therefore, do not requirefracture lines 32 to facilitate the separation oftip section 26. - In one embodiment, the
pin 30 resides in thebore 28 of the fastener as shown inFIG. 2 . In this case, the driving device may be configured to provide a two-step actuation mechanism: a first step for driving the fastener into the steel members, and a second step for driving thepin 30 into the bore of the fastener. In an alternative embodiment, it is envisioned that thepin 30 may be integrated into the driving device that drives thefastener 20 into the steel members. - A second exemplary embodiment of the expanding
fastener 20′ is depicted inFIG. 8 . As described above, the expandingfastener 20 is comprised of an integrally formed member having ahead section 22′, astem section 24′, and atip section 26′. However, in this embodiment, thetip section 26′ of thefastener 20′ is designed to project radially outward into a butterfly position as shown inFIG. 9 ; otherwise the expandingfastener 20′ is set using the two step process described above. - A third exemplary embodiment of the expanding
fastener 20″ is depicted inFIG. 10 . Likewise, the expandingfastener 20″ is primarily comprised of an integrally formed member having ahead section 22″, astem section 24″ and atip section 26″. However, anannular groove 32″ may be formed along the outer surface of thestem section 24″. As further described below, theannular groove 32″ of thefastener 20″ is designed to curl the inner surface of the hole made in the steel members. In addition, thefastener 20″ may be configured with different fracture lines as shown inFIG. 11 , or alternatively, configured with two or more segmented members. - Referring to
FIGS. 12-14 , thefastener 20″ is again driven into the steel members until thehead section 22″ of the fastener seats against the outer surface of the steel members as shown inFIG. 13 . As the fastener passes through the steel members, theannular groove 32″ crimps together the portion of the steel members extending below the underside of the steel members, thereby preventing separation of the two steel members. Once thefastener 20″ has been driven into place, apin 30″ is then driven into thebore 28″ of the fastener, thereby radially expanding thetip section 26″ of the fastener as described above. - In another aspect of the present invention, one or more
steel tip fasteners 40 may be used to join the steel members. An exemplarysteel tip fastener 40 is shownFIG. 15 . Thesteel tip fastener 40 is primarily comprised of an integrally formed member having ahead section 42 and astem section 44. The member is preferably formed of a plastic material. In addition, thefastener 40 further includes a piercingnose 46 formed at the tip of the fastener, such that thesteel nose 42 has a radial dimension slightly less than the radial dimension of thestem section 44 of thefastener 40. The piercingnose 46 is preferably formed of steel or other materials having similar attributes to those of steel. - When the
steel tip fastener 40 is driven into the steel members, the piercingnose 46 punches a hole clean through the steel members as shown inFIGS. 16 and 17 . The plastic stem portion of the fastener then press fits into the hole as shown inFIG. 18 . Once the fastener has been driven into place, a portion of the plastic stem will extend past the underside of the steel members. It is envisioned that the friction of the plastic being forced though the hole at a high velocity will cause the portion of the stem extending past the underside of the steel members to expand as shown at 48 ofFIG. 18 . In this way, the expanded plastic portion will prevent removal of the fastener from the steel members. - In another aspect of the present invention, one or more
twisted spring fasteners 60 may be used to join the steel members. Anexemplary spring fastener 60 is depicted inFIGS. 19 and 20 . Thespring fastener 60 is comprised of an integrally formed member having ahead section 62 and acoil section 64. The fastener is preferably comprised of a steel material, but may be comprised of other materials having an elastic characteristic, such as some plastic materials reinforced with glass, kevlar or graphite fibers. - A two-step process may be used to set the
fastener 60. First, a pilot hole is drilled or punched into the steel members. Second, thespring fastener 60 is screwed into the pre-drilled hole until the steel members are secured together as shown inFIGS. 21 and 22 . It is envisioned that thehead section 62 of thespring fastener 60 is adapted to receive one or more types of torque transmitting devices. One skilled in the art will readily recognize that various well known torque transmitting devices (such as a drill) may be used to apply the appropriate rotational torque and downward force to drive thefastener 60 into the steel members. - A forth exemplary embodiment of the expanding
fastener 20′″ is depicted inFIG. 23 . Likewise, the expandingfastener 20′″ is primarily comprised of an integrally formed member having ahead section 22′″, astem section 24′″ and atip section 26′″. However,teeth 35′″ may extend along the outer surface of thestem section 24′″. As further described below, theteeth 35′″ of thefastener 20′″ are designed to engage with an outer surface of the steel members to further inhibit removal of expandingfastener 20′″. In addition, thefastener 20′″ may be configured with different fracture lines or alternatively, configured with two or more segmented members. - Referring to
FIGS. 23-24 , thefastener 20′″ is again driven into the steel members until thehead section 22′″ of the fastener seats against the outer surface of the steel members as shown inFIG. 24 . Once thefastener 20′″ has been driven into place, apin 30′″ is then driven into thebore 28′″ of the fastener, thereby radially expanding thetip section 26′″ of the fastener as described above. Theteeth 35′″ engage with the outer surface of the framing members, thereby further inhibiting removal of thefastener 20′″. - While the invention has been described in its presently preferred form, it will be understood that the invention is capable of modification without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth herein.
Claims (21)
1-8. (canceled)
9. A method of fastening two or more steel framing members together with a spring shaped fastener, comprising:
(a) providing a spring-shaped fastener having a head section and a coil section, where the coil section exhibits an elastic characteristic;
(b) forming a hole through said framing members;
(c) positioning the fastener adjacent to the hole and rotating the fastener about an axial axis that substantially aligns with a center of the hole formed in the framing members; and
(d) applying an axial force to the rotating fastener, such that at least a portion of the coil section of the fastener passes entirely through the hole formed in the framing members.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein (a) includes providing a fastener having a coil section with a plurality of axially spaced apart coils.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the coil section includes a plurality of coils and (d) includes passing at least one of the coils through the hole formed in the framing members.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein (a) includes providing a steel fastener.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein (a) includes providing a reinforced plastic fastener.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein (d) includes maintaining the head section of the fastener on an opposite side of the framing members than the portion of the coil section of the fastener that passes entirely through the hole.
15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising elastically deforming the coil section while applying the axial force.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein (b) includes punching the hole through the framing members.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein (b) includes drilling the hole through the framing members.
18. A fastener for fastening two or more steel framing members together, the fastener comprising:
a head section operable to receive an axial and rotational force; and
a coil section having an elastic characteristic, the coil section operable to be rotated through an opening in adjacent framing members and elastically deformed therein, a portion of the coil section operable to pass entirely through the opening and engage with a surface of the framing members and retain the framing members together between the head section and the portion of the coil section that passed entirely through the opening.
19. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the head section includes an axially extending member.
20. The fastener of claim 19 , wherein the head section includes a pair of axially extending members.
21. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the coil section includes a plurality of spaced apart coils and the portion of the coil section operable to pass entirely through the opening is at least one of the coils.
22. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the coil section includes a plurality of spaced apart coils that are elastically deformed in the opening.
23. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the head section and coil section are steel.
24. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the head section and the coil section are reinforced plastic.
25. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the coil section includes a plurality of spaced apart coils and different ones of the coils are disposed on and engaged with opposites sides of the opening and retain the framing members together therebetween.
26. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the coil section is a helically wound section.
27. The fastener of claim 18 , wherein the head section and the coil section are a single integral member.
28. A fastener for fastening two or more steel framing members together, the fastener comprising:
a head section having an axially extending member and operable to receive an axial and rotational force; and
a helical coil section having an elastic characteristic, the coil section including a plurality of spaced apart coils, the coil section operable to be rotated and axially pushed through an opening in adjacent framing members and elastically deformed therein, at least one of the coils operable to pass entirely through the opening and engage with a surface of the framing members and retain the framing members together between the head section and the at least one coil that passed entirely through the opening.
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US11/950,281 US20080086979A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2007-12-04 | Method and apparatus for fastening steel framing members using helical features |
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US10/176,838 US6862864B2 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-21 | Method and apparatus for fastening steel framing members |
US11/037,761 US20050120541A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2005-01-18 | Method and apparatus for fastening steel framing members using helical features |
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US11/950,281 Abandoned US20080086979A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2007-12-04 | Method and apparatus for fastening steel framing members using helical features |
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Cited By (9)
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US20070084038A1 (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-04-19 | Patrick Cochet | Riveting method |
WO2007055963A2 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-18 | Mergola Thomas J | Photovoltaic roof-top components, a photovoltaic irma roofing system, and a photovoltaic roofing system |
WO2007055963A3 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-11-01 | Thomas J Mergola | Photovoltaic roof-top components, a photovoltaic irma roofing system, and a photovoltaic roofing system |
US20080308561A1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Meyer Intellectual Properties Limited | Cookware Article with Internally Flush Rivets |
US7966709B2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2011-06-28 | Meyer Intellectual Properties Limited | Cookware article with internally flush rivets |
US20090320328A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-31 | Anatoly Gosis | Metal to metal cleat |
US8303228B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2012-11-06 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Metal to metal cleat |
US20110083316A1 (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-04-14 | Alan Nobis | Riveting device for metal sheets |
US9624954B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2017-04-18 | Powernail Company | Plural tapered fastener with material receiving inward region |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6862864B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 |
WO2003001074A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
US20030009958A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
US20080086979A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
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Legal Events
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