US20050187435A1 - Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors - Google Patents
Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050187435A1 US20050187435A1 US11/113,642 US11364205A US2005187435A1 US 20050187435 A1 US20050187435 A1 US 20050187435A1 US 11364205 A US11364205 A US 11364205A US 2005187435 A1 US2005187435 A1 US 2005187435A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- retractor
- cord
- retraction position
- support
- retaining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B17/0293—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors with ring member to support retractor elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surgical retractors, and to devices for holding surgical retractors in a retraction position.
- the present invention includes a retractor retaining device for retaining a retractor in a retraction position within a surgical wound from a retractor support.
- the retractor retaining device includes a main body that is attachable to the retractor support and a flexible loop that is detachably attached to the main body for engaging a proximal end of the tractor such that the retractor is retained in the retraction position.
- the invention also includes a method of holding a surgical retractor in the retraction position within the surgical wound.
- the method includes providing a support member near the surgical wound and then inserting a retractor within the surgical in a retraction position.
- the retractor is retained in the retraction position by securing a proximal end of the retractor in engagement with a flexible loop that is attached to the support member thereby securing the retractor in the retraction position.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention in use.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 2 - 2 in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a bottom view of one embodiment of the device in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the bottom surface of another embodiment of the present invention.
- the retractor retaining device of the present invention is generally indicated at 10 in FIG. 1 .
- the device 10 retains a retractor 12 in a retraction position.
- the device 10 is used for retaining retractors that are otherwise manually held in the retraction position.
- the retractor 12 is initially manually placed in the retraction position and the device 10 is then used to retain the retractor 12 which otherwise would have to be held in a retraction position manually by a doctor or a nurse.
- the device 10 is mounted on a retractor support 14 that is positioned over or proximate to a surgical wound 16 .
- the type of retractor support 14 is not particularly important to the present invention except that it provides a solid base to which the retaining device 10 is attached.
- the essence of the present invention is to provide a structure and a method for retaining the retractor 12 that is normally held in a retraction position manually.
- the device 10 quickly engages the retractor or is quickly disengaged from the retractor.
- the retractor does not require a handle designed to be gripped by a specific retaining device and can therefore be of any shape. This purpose is accomplished by providing a loop 18 that extends from the support 14 and encircles a proximal end (handle) 20 of the retractor 12 .
- the retractor 12 at a distal end is inserted into the wound 16 .
- the loop 18 encircles the proximal end 20 of the retractor 12 securing the retractor 12 in a retraction position.
- the loop 18 is a portion of cord 24 .
- the cord 24 is secured at a first end 26 to a platform 28 of the retaining device 10 .
- the length or size of the loop 18 is adjustable.
- the cord 24 is detachably attachable to the platform 28 in a quick connect/disconnect fashion.
- the detachable attachment serves at least two purposes. The first is that the size of the loop 18 is thereby adjustable to accommodate different diameters of retractor handle 20 , and second to quickly and easily encircle the handle 20 with the cord 24 .
- a preferred method of quickly detachably attaching the cord 24 to the platform 28 includes a V-shaped notch 30 in the platform 28 .
- the cord 24 is secured by positioning the cord 24 into the V-shaped notch 30 with the V-shaped notch 30 engaging the cord 24 as the cord is pulled into a progressively smaller area of the V-shaped notch 30 .
- the retaining device 10 is preferably configured to engage apertures 30 in the retractor support member 14 .
- the retractor support 14 has an upper surface 32 that is substantially flat and is disposed in an horizontal position proximate the wound 16 .
- the platform 28 of the retaining device 10 includes a correspondingly lower substantially flat surface 34 as best illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the platform 28 includes a plurality of resilient fingers 34 as best illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 that extend into one of the apertures 30 for securing the platform 28 to the support member 14 .
- the embodiment 10 includes preferably four fingers as best illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- a button member 36 extends into a bore 38 and moves within the bore 38 in the direction indicated by arrows 40 in FIG. 2 .
- the button member 36 has an upper portion 40 extending above an upper surface 42 of the platform 28 such that the upper surface is engageable by a finger or thumb. At a lower portion 44 , the button member 36 has a first reduced diameter section 46 that has a smaller diameter than the upper portion 40 and a second lower section of reduced diameter 48 that has a smaller diameter than the section 46 and an end portion 50 disposed below and adjacent to section 48 and having a diameter larger than the sections 46 and 48 .
- the resilient fingers 34 flex in a direction indicated by arrows 52 .
- Each finger 34 includes an upper finger section 54 that when extended into the aperture 30 is spaced therefrom to permit flexing.
- the fingers 34 also each have a lower section 56 that is set apart from the upper section 54 by an inwardly extending sloped shoulder 58 and an outwardly extending shoulder 60 .
- the inwardly extending sloped shoulder 58 extends sufficiently inward such that the upper portion 40 of the button member 36 cannot be moved past inwardly facing surfaces 62 of the lower section 56 of the finger 34 .
- the inwardly facing surfaces 62 of each of the fingers 34 collectively form a through hole 64 through which the lower portion 44 of the button member 36 is disposed and moves therethrough in a direction of arrow 41 .
- the end portion 50 is positioned below the through hole 64 and has a diameter that is larger than the lower portion 44 and larger than the through hole 64 such that the end portion 50 acts as a stop when the button member is pushed upwardly in one of the directions indicated by arrow 40 and abuts against a lower surface 66 of each of the fingers 34 .
- the fingers 34 are inserted into the aperture 30 with the button member at its uppermost position, that is the end portion 50 abutting against the lower surfaces 66 of the fingers 34 .
- the button member is engaged manually at its upper end 40 and pushed in a downward direction as indicated by arrow 41 .
- the end 40 and section 46 act against the inwardly extending sloped shoulders 58 of the fingers 34 thereby flexing the fingers in a radial outward direction as indicated by arrow 52 .
- the outwardly flexing of the resilient fingers engages the outwardly extending shoulders 60 with a lower surface of the support member 14 securing the device 10 to the support member 14 .
- the lower end 50 is pushed manually in an upward direction as indicated by arrow 40 thereby removing the section 46 from engagement with the inwardly extending sloped shoulders 58 of the resilient fingers 34 thereby permitting the lower portions of the fingers 34 to extend radially inwardly such that the outwardly extending shoulders 60 are removed from engagement with the lower surface of the support member 14 .
- a pair of downwardly extending guide posts 70 extend downwardly from the platform 28 and engage a side surface 72 of the support member 14 .
- the posts 70 preferably have beveled surfaces 74 to facilitate engagement of the side surface 72 of the support member 14 .
- the guide post 70 also prevents rotational movement of the platform 28 about the aperture 30 .
- FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 which includes a downwardly extending guide shoulder 76 instead of the posts 70 .
- the cord 24 is engaged at one end to the platform 28 by initially inserting the first end 26 into a first cord engaging aperture 80 , as best illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the cord is then positioned along cavity 82 and the remainder of the cord is then inserted into a second cord engaging aperture 84 and pulled such that the cord is drawn taught and frictionally engaged by apertures 80 and 82 .
- the cord 24 is made of a plastic material that is slightly compressible. The slight compressibility of cord adds to the frictional forces for engagement of the cord through its travel within apertures 80 and 84 .
- the slight compressibility of the cord also aids in engagement of the cord with the V-shaped notch 30 .
- the V-shaped notch 30 has oppositely facing surfaces 86 and 88 that progressively come together until engagement aperture 90 .
- the engagement aperture 90 is slightly less in diameter than the cord 24 such that when the cord 24 is pulled into engagement within the V-shaped notch 30 , it is retained thereby in aperture 90 .
- the cord is easily detachable from the V-shaped notch by pulling outwardly in a direction indicated by arrow 92 . Thereby, the loop 18 as illustrated in FIG. 1 is quickly formed and disposed about the handle 20 of the retractor 12 and is made to fit the size of the retractor handle.
Abstract
A retractor retaining device retains an otherwise handheld retractor in the retraction position. The device includes a flexible loop that is detachably attached to a retractor support proximate the surgical wound with the loop engaging a proximal end or handle of the retractor to retain the retractor in the retraction position.
Description
- The present invention relates to surgical retractors, and to devices for holding surgical retractors in a retraction position.
- Most improvements in surgical retractor supports or clamps to hold surgical retractors in a retraction position are directed to improvements on devices that have been used to mount retractors on retractor supports using rigid mechanical clamps for restraints. However, in certain situations, retractors are still manually held by a nurse or a surgeon since no clamp provides such versatile holding characsteristics. There are no devices that will retain a retractor in the retraction position that is otherwise manually held from a typical retractor support. The Edoga U.S. Pat. No. 5,728,047 describes the use of a belt on which various types of retractor retaining mechanism are shown, especially in
FIGS. 7 a through 7 i. However, these retaining mechanisms do not address the problem of quickly and easily retaining an otherwise manually held retractor. Furthermore, the retractor handle has to be specially adapted to engage the fastening mechanism. - The present invention includes a retractor retaining device for retaining a retractor in a retraction position within a surgical wound from a retractor support. The retractor retaining device includes a main body that is attachable to the retractor support and a flexible loop that is detachably attached to the main body for engaging a proximal end of the tractor such that the retractor is retained in the retraction position.
- The invention also includes a method of holding a surgical retractor in the retraction position within the surgical wound. The method includes providing a support member near the surgical wound and then inserting a retractor within the surgical in a retraction position. The retractor is retained in the retraction position by securing a proximal end of the retractor in engagement with a flexible loop that is attached to the support member thereby securing the retractor in the retraction position.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention in use. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 2-2 inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of one embodiment of the device in the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the bottom surface of another embodiment of the present invention. - The retractor retaining device of the present invention is generally indicated at 10 in
FIG. 1 . Like reference characters will be used to indicate like elements throughout the drawings. Thedevice 10 retains aretractor 12 in a retraction position. Thedevice 10 is used for retaining retractors that are otherwise manually held in the retraction position. Theretractor 12 is initially manually placed in the retraction position and thedevice 10 is then used to retain theretractor 12 which otherwise would have to be held in a retraction position manually by a doctor or a nurse. - The
device 10 is mounted on aretractor support 14 that is positioned over or proximate to asurgical wound 16. The type ofretractor support 14 is not particularly important to the present invention except that it provides a solid base to which theretaining device 10 is attached. - The essence of the present invention is to provide a structure and a method for retaining the
retractor 12 that is normally held in a retraction position manually. Thedevice 10 quickly engages the retractor or is quickly disengaged from the retractor. The retractor does not require a handle designed to be gripped by a specific retaining device and can therefore be of any shape. This purpose is accomplished by providing aloop 18 that extends from thesupport 14 and encircles a proximal end (handle) 20 of theretractor 12. Theretractor 12 at a distal end is inserted into thewound 16. Theloop 18 encircles theproximal end 20 of theretractor 12 securing theretractor 12 in a retraction position. - The
loop 18 is a portion ofcord 24. Thecord 24 is secured at afirst end 26 to aplatform 28 of theretaining device 10. Preferably, the length or size of theloop 18 is adjustable. For adjustability, thecord 24 is detachably attachable to theplatform 28 in a quick connect/disconnect fashion. The detachable attachment serves at least two purposes. The first is that the size of theloop 18 is thereby adjustable to accommodate different diameters ofretractor handle 20, and second to quickly and easily encircle thehandle 20 with thecord 24. - A preferred method of quickly detachably attaching the
cord 24 to theplatform 28 includes a V-shaped notch 30 in theplatform 28. Thecord 24 is secured by positioning thecord 24 into the V-shaped notch 30 with the V-shaped notch 30 engaging thecord 24 as the cord is pulled into a progressively smaller area of the V-shaped notch 30. - The
retaining device 10 is preferably configured to engageapertures 30 in theretractor support member 14. Preferably, theretractor support 14 has anupper surface 32 that is substantially flat and is disposed in an horizontal position proximate thewound 16. Theplatform 28 of theretaining device 10 includes a correspondingly lower substantiallyflat surface 34 as best illustrated inFIG. 2 . Theplatform 28 includes a plurality ofresilient fingers 34 as best illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3 that extend into one of theapertures 30 for securing theplatform 28 to thesupport member 14. Theembodiment 10 includes preferably four fingers as best illustrated inFIG. 3 . Abutton member 36 extends into abore 38 and moves within thebore 38 in the direction indicated byarrows 40 inFIG. 2 . Thebutton member 36 has anupper portion 40 extending above anupper surface 42 of theplatform 28 such that the upper surface is engageable by a finger or thumb. At alower portion 44, thebutton member 36 has a first reduceddiameter section 46 that has a smaller diameter than theupper portion 40 and a second lower section of reduceddiameter 48 that has a smaller diameter than thesection 46 and anend portion 50 disposed below and adjacent tosection 48 and having a diameter larger than thesections - The
resilient fingers 34 flex in a direction indicated by arrows 52. Eachfinger 34 includes an upper finger section 54 that when extended into theaperture 30 is spaced therefrom to permit flexing. Thefingers 34 also each have alower section 56 that is set apart from the upper section 54 by an inwardly extending sloped shoulder 58 and an outwardly extendingshoulder 60. The inwardly extending sloped shoulder 58 extends sufficiently inward such that theupper portion 40 of thebutton member 36 cannot be moved past inwardly facingsurfaces 62 of thelower section 56 of thefinger 34. The inwardly facingsurfaces 62 of each of thefingers 34 collectively form a throughhole 64 through which thelower portion 44 of thebutton member 36 is disposed and moves therethrough in a direction ofarrow 41. Theend portion 50 is positioned below the throughhole 64 and has a diameter that is larger than thelower portion 44 and larger than the throughhole 64 such that theend portion 50 acts as a stop when the button member is pushed upwardly in one of the directions indicated byarrow 40 and abuts against alower surface 66 of each of thefingers 34. - In operation, to secure the
device 10 to thesupport member 14, thefingers 34 are inserted into theaperture 30 with the button member at its uppermost position, that is theend portion 50 abutting against thelower surfaces 66 of thefingers 34. To secure thedevice 10 to thesupport member 14, the button member is engaged manually at itsupper end 40 and pushed in a downward direction as indicated byarrow 41. When moved in the downward direction, theend 40 andsection 46 act against the inwardly extending sloped shoulders 58 of thefingers 34 thereby flexing the fingers in a radial outward direction as indicated by arrow 52. The outwardly flexing of the resilient fingers engages the outwardly extendingshoulders 60 with a lower surface of thesupport member 14 securing thedevice 10 to thesupport member 14. - To disengage the
device 10 from thesupport member 14, thelower end 50 is pushed manually in an upward direction as indicated byarrow 40 thereby removing thesection 46 from engagement with the inwardly extending sloped shoulders 58 of theresilient fingers 34 thereby permitting the lower portions of thefingers 34 to extend radially inwardly such that the outwardly extendingshoulders 60 are removed from engagement with the lower surface of thesupport member 14. - Additionally, to better guide the engagement of the
device 10 with thesupport member 14, a pair of downwardly extendingguide posts 70 extend downwardly from theplatform 28 and engage aside surface 72 of thesupport member 14. Theposts 70 preferably have beveledsurfaces 74 to facilitate engagement of theside surface 72 of thesupport member 14. Theguide post 70 also prevents rotational movement of theplatform 28 about theaperture 30. - Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
FIG. 4 which includes a downwardly extendingguide shoulder 76 instead of theposts 70. - The
cord 24 is engaged at one end to theplatform 28 by initially inserting thefirst end 26 into a firstcord engaging aperture 80, as best illustrated inFIG. 3 . The cord is then positioned alongcavity 82 and the remainder of the cord is then inserted into a secondcord engaging aperture 84 and pulled such that the cord is drawn taught and frictionally engaged byapertures cord 24 is made of a plastic material that is slightly compressible. The slight compressibility of cord adds to the frictional forces for engagement of the cord through its travel withinapertures - The slight compressibility of the cord also aids in engagement of the cord with the V-shaped
notch 30. The V-shapednotch 30 has oppositely facingsurfaces 86 and 88 that progressively come together untilengagement aperture 90. Theengagement aperture 90 is slightly less in diameter than thecord 24 such that when thecord 24 is pulled into engagement within the V-shapednotch 30, it is retained thereby inaperture 90. The cord is easily detachable from the V-shaped notch by pulling outwardly in a direction indicated byarrow 92. Thereby, theloop 18 as illustrated inFIG. 1 is quickly formed and disposed about thehandle 20 of theretractor 12 and is made to fit the size of the retractor handle. - Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1-28. (canceled)
29. A retractor retaining device for retaining a retractor in a retraction position within a surgical wound, the device comprising:
a retractor support; and
a flexible cord detachably attached at one end to the retractor support for engaging a proximal end of the retractor such that the retractor is retained in the retraction position.
30. The device of claim 29 and further including a main body attachable to the retractor support.
31. The device of claim 29 and further including an attaching mechanism that engages and attaches the retaining device to the retractor support.
32. The device of claim 31 wherein the retractor support has a plurality of apertures and the attaching mechanism has an aperture engaging member for engaging one of the apertures.
33. The device of claim 30 wherein the main body includes a V-type slot and wherein the cord is engageable within the V-type slot such that the second end of the cord is detachably attached to the main body.
34. A method of holding a surgical retractor in a retraction position within a surgical wound, the method comprising:
providing a support member near the surgical wound;
inserting a distal end of a retractor within the surgical wound and manually positioning the retractor in the retraction position; and
securing the retractor in the retraction position by engaging a proximal end of the retractor with a flexible cord that is attached to the support member
35. The method of claim 34 wherein the cord is attached to the support member by engaging a V-shaped slot.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/113,642 US20050187435A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2005-04-25 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/057,840 US20030083553A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2001-10-26 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
US10/936,865 US6932765B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2004-09-09 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
US11/113,642 US20050187435A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2005-04-25 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/057,840 Continuation US20030083553A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2001-10-26 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
US10/936,865 Continuation US6932765B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2004-09-09 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
Publications (1)
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US20050187435A1 true US20050187435A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
Family
ID=22013044
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/057,840 Abandoned US20030083553A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2001-10-26 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
US10/936,865 Expired - Fee Related US6932765B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2004-09-09 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
US11/113,642 Abandoned US20050187435A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2005-04-25 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/057,840 Abandoned US20030083553A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2001-10-26 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
US10/936,865 Expired - Fee Related US6932765B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2004-09-09 | Apparatus for retaining otherwise hand-held retractors |
Country Status (2)
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US (3) | US20030083553A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1306055A1 (en) |
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US20100298648A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-11-25 | Bruce Gray | Surgical instrument |
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US20050119531A1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2005-06-02 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Method of performing shoulder surgery |
US20040225197A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-11 | Daniel Roux | Surgical retractor |
US20060272979A1 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-12-07 | Lubbers Lawrence M | Surgical Tray |
AU2007233266B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2013-01-17 | Specialty Surgical Instrumentation, Inc. | A tissue retractor, tissue retractor kit and method of use thereof |
US8029516B2 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2011-10-04 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Bracing of bundled medical devices for single port entry, robotically assisted medical procedures |
US20080071145A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-20 | Levahn Intellectual Property Holding Company, Llc | Support Clamp For Retractor Bar Stock Of Generally Rectangular Cross-Section |
AU2008308426A1 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Synthes Gmbh | Dilation system and method of using the same |
US20100075794A1 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-25 | Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg | Transmission actuation system |
WO2012040206A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-29 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Spinal access retractor |
WO2013067179A2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-10 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Dilation system |
US9265490B2 (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2016-02-23 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Detachable dilator blade |
USD737437S1 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2015-08-25 | Joseph McLoughlin | Surgical retractor |
EP3116462B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2018-05-02 | Stryker Corporation | Limb positioning system |
US9951904B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2018-04-24 | Stryker Corporation | Rotatable seat clamps for rail clamp |
DE102016116677B3 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-12-14 | Universität Duisburg-Essen | Surgical simulation device |
US11103226B2 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2021-08-31 | Thompson Surgical Instruments, Inc. | Retractor system with tethered surgical retractor |
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-
2002
- 2002-09-09 EP EP02364035A patent/EP1306055A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-09-09 US US10/936,865 patent/US6932765B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-25 US US11/113,642 patent/US20050187435A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100298648A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-11-25 | Bruce Gray | Surgical instrument |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1306055A1 (en) | 2003-05-02 |
US6932765B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
US20050033118A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
US20030083553A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
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