US20050282659A1

US20050282659A1 - High compression multi-layer RIM golf balls

Info

Publication number: US20050282659A1
Application number: US11/198,589
Authority: US
Inventors: Thomas Kennedy; Michael Tzivanis; David Melanson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Topgolf Callaway Brands Corp
Priority date: 1998-03-18
Filing date: 2005-08-04
Publication date: 2005-12-22
Also published as: GB2439245A; CN101128241A; JP2009502445A; GB0718969D0; WO2007019413A3; WO2007019413A2

Abstract

Disclosed herein, in various embodiments, are multi-layer golf balls. In particular, disclosed herein are high compression multi-layer golf balls covered with relatively thin and/or hard reaction injection molded (RIM) covers. The golf balls exhibit such characteristics as enhanced distance, low driver spin, high initial velocity, and good feel and playability characteristics.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The Present Application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/152,446, filed Jun. 13, 2005, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/877,600, filed Jun. 8, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,905,424, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/411,690, filed Oct. 1, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,614, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/040,798, filed Mar. 18, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,855,073.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates, in various embodiments, to multi-layer golf balls having a reaction injection molded (RIM) cover. In particular, the disclosure is directed to high compression, multi-layer golf balls covered with a relatively thin and/or hard RIM cover. The golf balls exhibit, among other things, improved ball speed and distance. Methods of preparing such golf balls are also disclosed.
2. Description of the Related Art
Golf balls have been generally categorized into three different groups. These groups are, namely, one-piece or unitary balls, wound balls, and multi-piece solid balls.
A one-piece ball typically is formed from a solid mass of moldable material, such as an elastomer, which has been cured to develop the necessary degree of hardness, durability, etc., desired. The one-piece ball generally possesses the same overall composition between the interior and exterior of the ball. One piece balls are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,313,545; U.S. Pat. No. 3,373,123; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,384,612.
A wound ball has frequently been referred to as a “three-piece ball” since it is produced by winding vulcanized rubber thread under tension around a solid or semi-solid center to form a wound core. The wound core is then enclosed in a single or multi-layer covering of tough protective material. Until relatively recently, the wound ball was generally desired by many skilled, low handicap golfers due to a number of characteristics, i.e., feel, playability, etc.
For example, the three-piece wound ball has been produced utilizing a balata, or balata like, cover material which is relatively soft and flexible. Upon impact, it compresses against the surface of the club producing high spin. Consequently, the soft and flexible balata covers along with wound cores provide an experienced golfer with the ability to apply a spin to control the ball in flight in order to produce a draw or a fade or a backspin which causes the ball to “bite” or stop abruptly on contact with the green. Moreover, the balata cover produces a soft “feel” to the low handicap player. Such playability properties of workability, feel, etc., are particularly important in short iron play and low swing speeds and are exploited significantly by highly skilled players.
However, a three-piece wound ball has several disadvantages both from a manufacturing standpoint and a playability standpoint. In this regard, a thread wound ball is relatively difficult to manufacture due to the number of production steps required and the careful control which must be exercised in each stage of manufacture to achieve suitable roundness, velocity, rebound, “click”, “feel”, and the like.
Additionally, a soft thread wound (three-piece) ball is not well suited for use by the less skilled and/or high handicap golfer who cannot intentionally control the spin of the ball. For example, the unintentional application of side spin by a less skilled golfer produces hooking or slicing. The side spin reduces the golfer's control over the ball as well as reduces travel distance.
Similarly, despite all of the benefits of balata, balata covered balls are easily “cut” and/or damaged if mishit. Consequently, golf balls produced with balata or balata containing cover compositions can exhibit a relatively short life span. As a result of this negative property, balata and its synthetic substitute, trans-polyisoprene, and resin blends, have been essentially replaced as the cover materials of choice by golf ball manufacturers by materials comprising ionomeric resins and other elastomers such as polyurethanes.
Multi-piece solid golf balls, on the other hand, include a solid resilient core and a cover having single or multiple layers employing different types of material molded on the core. The core can also include one or more layers. Additionally, one or more intermediate, or mantle, layers can also be included between the core and cover layer(s).
By utilizing different types of materials and different construction combinations, multi-piece solid golf balls have now been designed to match and/or surpass the beneficial properties produced by three-piece wound balls. Additionally, the multi-piece solid golf balls do not possess the manufacturing difficulties, etc., that are associated with the three-piece wound balls.
As a result, a wide variety of multi-piece solid golf balls are now commercially available to suit an individual player's game. In essence, different types of balls have been, and are being, specifically designed to suit various skill levels. Moreover, improved golf balls are continually being produced by golf ball manufacturers with technological advancements in materials and manufacturing processes.
In the past, the molding processes used for forming the cover and/or the intermediate or mantle layer of a golf ball usually involved either compression molding or injection molding techniques.
In compression molding, the golf ball core is inserted into a central area of a two piece die and pre-sized sections of cover material are placed in each half of the die, which then clamps shut. The application of heat and pressure molds the cover material about the core.
Polymeric materials, or blends thereof, have been used for modern golf ball covers because different grades and combinations offer certain levels of hardness, damage resistance when the ball is struck with a club, and elasticity, thereby providing responsiveness when hit. Some of these materials facilitate processing by compression molding, yet disadvantages have also arisen. These disadvantages include the presence of seams in the cover, which occur where the pre-sized sections of cover material are joined, and high process cycle times which are required to heat the cover material and complete the molding process.
Injection molding of golf ball covers arose as a processing technique to overcome some of the disadvantages of compression molding. The process basically involves inserting a golf ball core into a die, closing the die and forcing a heated, viscous polymeric material into the die. The material is then cooled and the golf ball is removed from the die. Injection molding is well-suited for thermoplastic materials, but has generally limited applications with some thermosetting polymers. However, several of these thermosetting polymers often exhibit the hardness and elasticity properties desired in golf ball cover construction.
Furthermore, some of the most promising thermosetting materials are reactive, requiring two or more components to be mixed and rapidly transferred into a die before a polymerization reaction is complete. As a result, traditional injection molding techniques do not provide proper processing when applied to these materials.
Reaction injection molding (“RIM”) is a processing technique used specifically for certain reactive thermosetting polymers. By “reactive” it is meant that the polymer is formed from two or more components which react. Generally, the components, prior to reacting, exhibit relatively low viscosities. The low viscosities of the components allow the use of lower temperatures and pressures than those utilized in traditional injection molding. In reaction injection molding, the two or more components are combined and react to produce the final polymerized material.
Due to the continuous importance of improving the properties of a golf ball, it would be beneficial to make a multi-layer golf ball, such as a RIM covered multi-layer golf ball, that exhibits improved properties for certain golfers.
These and other non-limiting objects and features of the disclosure will be apparent from the following description and from the claims.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein, in various embodiments, are multi-layer golf balls. In particular, disclosed herein are high compression multi-layer golf balls covered with relatively thin and/or hard reaction injection molded (RIM) covers. The golf balls exhibit such characteristics as enhanced distance, low driver spin, high initial velocity, and good feel and playability characteristics.
It has been found that the distance property in multi-layer RIM covered golf balls can be improved, especially at high club head speeds, by increasing the hardness (compression) of the ball. Additionally, in order to reduce spin off the tee and yet maintain the higher spin desired around the green, a harder and/or thinner polyurethane/polyurea RIM cover can be utilized. In this regard, it has been found that this combination mitigates the “anvil” effect generally produced when striking the ball as the club “pinches” the cover between the club face and the harder mantle or core of the ball. This produces, in part, lower spin and greater distance. The preferred multi-layer golf balls of this disclosure comprise a high compression core, a mantle layer, and a relatively thin and/or hard, polyurethane/polyurea RIM cover. This results in an improved RIM covered golf ball having increased distance with acceptable spin and playability properties.
In the exemplary embodiments, the core comprises a high cis-polybutadiene crosslinked with a difunctional acrylate. In further embodiments, the polybutadiene is a mid to high Mooney viscosity polybutadiene or blends thereof. In other embodiments, the solid core further comprises a peptizer to further increase the resilience of the core. This results in a harder, high velocity core, having a compression (Instron) of greater (softer) than 0.0750, including from about 0.0750 to about 0.130, and a resilience (as measured indicated by the coefficient of restitution) of from about 0.750 to about 0.830, including from about 0.780 to about 0.810, from about 0.785 to about 0.805, and from about 0.790 to about 0.805.
Additionally, in the exemplary embodiments, the mantle or mantle layer comprises a relatively hard, high resilience material. Examples of such materials include ionomers or ionomer blends. Preferably, the ionomers are a blend of high acid ionomers, including a blend of sodium, zinc and magnesium high acid ionomers, among others. These thermoplastic materials produce a relatively hard, high compression mantle layer with high resilience having a thickness of about 0.020 inches to about 0.090 inches. The mantle has a Shore D hardness, as measured on the mantled core, of from about 50 to about 90, including from about 60 to about 72, and from about 67 to about 72, a compression (Instron) of from about 0.0600 to about 0.1250, including from about 0.0700 to about 0.1000, and about 0.0900, and a resilience (as measured by the coefficient of restitution) of from about 0.750 to about 0.830, including from about 0.805 to about 0.815 and about 0.810.
Moreover, in the exemplary embodiments, the cover comprises a thermoset polyurethane/polyurea RIM material. The cover has a Shore B hardness as measured on the molded cover of from about 50 to about 100 including from about 70 to about 100 and about 80 to about 100. Additionally, the cover has a thickness, when measured from the inside surface to the top of the land areas, of from about 0.010 inches to about 0.050 inches, including from about 0.010 inches to about 0.025 inches, from about 0.014 inches to about 0.021 inches and from about 0.014 inches to about 0.016 inches. The covered ball has a compression (Instron) of from about 0.0750 to about 0.1000, including from about 0.0850 to about 0.0920 and from about 0.0860 to about 0.0900. The resilience of the ball (as measured by the coefficient of restitution) is from about 0.770 to about 0.820, including from about 0.790 to about 0.816 and from about 0.805 to about 0.816.
Other embodiments of the balls and/or the components thereof are more particularly described below. Methods for producing such golf balls are also disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following is a brief description of the drawings, which are presented for the purposes of illustrating the disclosure set forth herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed herein, in various embodiments, are multi-layered RIM covered golf balls having improved structural configurations and characteristics. The balls exhibit low spin when struck by a driver off the tee and high initial velocity, resulting in increased distance. Furthermore, the balls produce acceptable spin around the green when struck with a high lofted club.
A more complete understanding of the compositions, products, processes and apparatuses disclosed herein can be obtained by reference to the accompanying drawing. This figure is merely a schematic representation based on convenience and the present development, and is, therefore, not intended to indicate relative size and dimensions of the golf balls and/or components thereof.
Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to the particular structure of the embodiments selected for illustration in the drawing, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the disclosure. In the drawing and the following description below, it is to be understood that like numeric designations refer to component of like function.
Referring to FIG. 1, a multi-layer golf ball 10 is illustrated. In this embodiment, golf ball 10 comprises core 12, mantle 14, and cover 16.
The above noted properties and/or characteristics, as well as the principle features of the various components of the balls, are more particularly described below.

Properties and Characteristics

Two principal properties involved in golf ball performance are resilience and compression. Resilience is determined by the coefficient of restitution (COR), i.e., the constant “e” which is the ratio of the relative velocity of an elastic sphere after direct impact to that before impact. As a result, the coefficient of restitution (“e”) can vary from 0 to 1, with 1 being equivalent to a perfectly or completely elastic collision and 0 being equivalent to a perfectly or completely inelastic collision.
Resilience, along with additional factors such as club head speed, angle of trajectory, and ball construction and surface configuration (i.e., dimple pattern), generally determines the distance a ball will travel when hit. Since club head speed and the angle of trajectory are factors not easily controllable by a manufacturer, factors of concern among manufacturers are the COR, the ball construction and the surface configuration of the ball.
The COR in solid core balls is a function of the composition of the molded core and of the cover. In balls containing a wound core (i.e., balls comprising a liquid or solid center, elastic windings, and a cover), the COR is a function of not only the composition of the center and the cover, but also the composition and tension of the elastomeric windings.
The COR is the ratio of the outgoing velocity to the incoming velocity. In the examples of this application, the COR of a golf ball was measured by propelling a ball horizontally at a speed of 125±1 feet per second (fps) against a generally vertical, hard, flat steel plate and measuring the ball's incoming and outgoing velocity electronically. Speeds were measured with a pair of Ohler Mark 55 ballistic screens, which provide a timing pulse when an object passes through them. The screens are separated by 36 inches and are located 25.25 inches and 61.25 inches from the rebound wall. The ball speed was measured by timing the pulses from screen 1 to screen 2 on the way into the rebound wall (as the average speed of the ball over 36 inches), and then the exit speed was timed from screen 2 to screen 1 over the same distance. The rebound wall was tilted 2 degrees from a vertical plane to allow the ball to rebound slightly downward in order to miss the edge of the cannon that fired it.
As indicated above, the incoming speed should be 125±1 fps. Furthermore, the correlation between COR and forward or incoming speed has been studied and a correction has been made over the ±1 fps range so that the COR is reported as if the ball had an incoming speed of exactly 125.0 fps.
Compression is another important property involved in the performance of a golf ball. The compression of the ball can affect the playability of the ball on striking and the sound or “click” produced. Similarly, compression can affect the “feel” of the ball (i.e., hard or soft responsive feel), particularly in chipping and putting.
Moreover, while compression itself has little bearing on the distance performance of a ball, compression can affect the playability of the ball on striking. The degree of compression of a ball against the club face and the softness of the cover influences the resultant spin rate.
The term “compression” utilized in the golf ball trade generally defines the overall deflection that a golf ball undergoes when subjected to a compressive load. For example, compression indicates the amount of change in golf ball's shape upon striking. The development of solid core technology in two-piece or multi-piece solid balls has allowed for much more precise control of compression in comparison to thread wound three-piece balls. This is because in the manufacture of solid core balls, the amount of deflection or deformation is precisely controlled by the chemical formula used in making the cores. This differs from wound three-piece balls wherein compression is controlled in part by the winding process of the elastic thread. Thus, two-piece and multi-layer solid core balls exhibit much more consistent compression readings than balls having wound cores such as the thread wound three-piece balls.
In the past, PGA compression related to a scale of from 0 to 200 given to a golf ball. The lower PGA compression value, the softer the feel of the ball upon striking. In practice, tournament quality balls have compression ratings around 40 to 110, and preferably around 50 to 100.
In determining PGA compression using the 0 to 200 scale, a standard force is applied to the external surface of the ball. A ball which exhibits no deflection (0.0 inches in deflection) is rated 200 and a ball which deflects 2/10th of an inch (0.2 inches) is rated 0. Every change of 0.001 of an inch in deflection represents a 1 point drop in compression. Consequently, a ball which deflects 0.1 inches (100×0.001 inches) has a PGA compression value of 100 (i.e., 200 to 100) and a ball which deflects 0.110 inches (110×0.001 inches) has a PGA compression of 90 (i.e., 200 to 110).
In order to assist in the determination of compression, several devices have been employed by the industry. For example, PGA compression is determined by an apparatus fashioned in the form of a small press with an upper and lower anvil. The upper anvil is at rest against a 200-pound die spring, and the lower anvil is movable through 0.300 inches by means of a crank mechanism. In its open position, the gap between the anvils is 1.780 inches, allowing a clearance of 0.200 inches for insertion of the ball. As the lower anvil is raised by the crank, it compresses the ball against the upper anvil, such compression occurring during the last 0.200 inches of stroke of the lower anvil, the ball then loading the upper anvil which in turn loads the spring. The equilibrium point of the upper anvil is measured by a dial micrometer if the anvil is deflected by the ball more than 0.100 inches (less deflection is simply regarded as zero compression) and the reading on the micrometer dial is referred to as the compression of the ball. When golf ball components (i.e., centers, cores, mantled core, etc.) smaller than 1.680 inches in diameter are utilized, metallic shims are included to produce the combined diameter of the shims and the component to be 1.680 inches.
An example to determine PGA compression can be shown by utilizing a golf ball compression tester produced by OK Automation, Sinking Spring, Pa. (formerly, Atti Engineering Corporation of Newark, N.J.). The compression tester produced by OK Automation is calibrated against a calibration spring provided by the manufacturer. The value obtained by this tester relates to an arbitrary value expressed by a number which may range from 0 to 100, although a value of 200 can be measured as indicated by two revolutions of the dial indicator on the apparatus. The value obtained defines the deflection that a golf ball undergoes when subjected to compressive loading. The Atti test apparatus consists of a lower movable platform and an upper movable spring-loaded anvil. The dial indicator is mounted such that is measures the upward movement of the spring-loaded anvil. The golf ball to be tested is placed in the lower platform, which is then raised a fixed distance. The upper portion of the golf ball comes in contact with and exerts a pressure on the spring-loaded anvil. Depending upon the distance of the golf ball to be compressed, the upper anvil is forced upward against the spring.
Furthermore, additional compression devices may also be utilized to monitor golf ball compression such as a Whitney Tester, Whitney Systems, Inc., Chelsford, Mass., or an Instron Device, Instron Corporation, Canton, Mass. Herein, compression was measured using an Instron™ Device (model 5544), Instron Corporation, Canton, Mass. Compression of a golf ball, core, or golf ball component is measured to be the deflection (in inches) caused by a 200 lb. load applied in a Load Control Mode at the rate of 15 kips, and approach speed of 20 inches per minute, with a preload of 0.2 lbf plus the system compliance of the device.
As used herein, “Shore D hardness” of a cover is measured generally in accordance with ASTM D-2240, except the measurements are made on the curved surface of a molded cover, rather than on a plaque. Furthermore, the Shore D hardness of the cover is measured while the cover remains over the core. When a hardness measurement is made on a dimpled cover, Shore D hardness is measured at a land area of the dimpled cover.
“Shore B hardness” is similar to “Shore D hardness” set forth above, except a different tension on the stylus is utilized. This tension is lower to avoid puncturing the material which may occur when softer materials are being measured.
A “Mooney unit” is an arbitrary unit used to measure the plasticity of raw or unvulcanized rubber. The plasticity in Mooney units is equal to the torque, measured on an arbitrary scale, on a disk in a vessel that contains rubber at a temperature of 212° F. (100° C.) and that rotates at two revolutions per minute. The measurement of Mooney viscosity, i.e. Mooney viscosity [ML₁₊₄(100° C.], is defined according to the standard ASTM D-1646, herein incorporated by reference. In ASTM D-1646, it is stated that the Mooney viscosity is not a true viscosity, but a measure of shearing torque over a range of shearing stresses. Measurement of Mooney viscosity is also described in the Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook, 13th Ed., (1990), pages 565-566, also herein incorporated by reference. Generally, polybutadiene rubbers have Mooney viscosities, measured at 212° F., of from about 25 to about 65. Instruments for measuring Mooney viscosities are commercially available such as a Monsanto Mooney Viscometer, Model MV 2000. Another commercially available device is a Mooney viscometer made by Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd.
As used herein, the term “phr” refers to the number of parts by weight of a particular component in an elastomeric or rubber mixture, relative to 100 parts by weight of the total elastomeric or rubber mixture.

The Core

The core 12 of the golf ball of the present disclosure is a relatively hard, high compression, molded core. In embodiments, it is a molded core comprising a polybutadiene composition containing at least one curing agent. Polybutadiene has been found to be particularly useful because it imparts to the golf balls a relatively high COR. Polybutadiene can be cured using a free radical initiator such as a peroxide. A broad range for the Mw of the polybutadiene composition is from about 50,000 to about 1,000,000; a narrower range is from about 50,000 to about 500,000. A high cis-polybutadiene, such as a cis-1-4-polybutadiene, is preferably employed, or a blend of high cis-1-4-polybutadiene with other elastomers may also be utilized. In specific embodiments, a high cis-1-4-polybutadiene having a M_wof from about 100,000 to about 500,000 is employed.
A specific polybutadiene which may be used in the core of certain embodiments of the present disclosure features a cis-1,4 content of at least 90% and preferably greater than 96% such as Cariflex® BR-1220 currently available from Dow Chemical, France; and Taktene® 220 currently available from Bayer, Orange, Tex.
For example, Cariflex® BR-1220 polybutadiene and Taktene® 220 polybutadiene may be utilized alone, in combination with one another, or in combination with other polybutadienes. Generally, these other polybutadienes have Mooney viscosities in the range of about 25 to 65 or higher. The general properties of BR-1220 and Taktene® 220 are set forth below.

A. Properties of Cariflex® BR-1220 Polybutadiene



Physical Properties:

Polybutadiene Rubber

CIS 1,4 Content - 97%-99% Min.

Stabilizer Type - Non Staining

Total Ash - 0.5% Max.

Specific Gravity - 0.90-0.92

Color - Transparent, clear, Lt. Amber

Moisture - 0.3% max. ASTM ® 1416.76 Hot Mill Method

Polymer Mooney Viscosity - (35-45 Cariflex ®) (ML₁₊₄@ 212° F.)

90% Cure - 10.0-13.0

Polydispersity 2.5-3.5

Molecular Weight Data:	Trial 1	Trial 2

M_n	80,000	73,000
M_w	220,000	220,000
M_z	550,000
M_peak	110,000

B. Properties of Taktene® 220 Polybutadiene



Physical Properties:

	Polybutadiene Rubber
	CIS 1,4 Content (%) - 98% Typical
	Stabilizer Type - Non Staining 1.0-1.3%
	Total Ash - 0.25 Max.
	Raw Polymer Mooney Visc. −35-45 40 Typical
	(ML₁₊₄′@212 Deg. F./212° F.)
	Specific Gravity - 0.91
	Color - Transparent - almost colorless (15 APHA Max.)
	Moisture % - 0.30% Max. ASTM ® 1416-76 Hot Mill Method

Product	A relatively low to mid Mooney viscosity, non-staining,
Description	solution polymerized, high cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber.

Raw Polymer
Properties	Property	Range	Test Method

	Mooney viscosity	40 ∀ 5	ASTM ® D 1646
	ML₁₊₄(212° F.)
	Volatile matter (wt %)	0.3 max.	ASTM ® D 1416
	Total Ash (wt %)	0.25 max.	ASTM ® D 1416
Cure⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	Minimum torque

Characteristics	M_L	(dN · m)	9.7 ∀ 2.2	ASTM ® D 2084
		(lbf) · in)	8.6 ∀ 1.9	ASTM ® D 2084

Maximum torque

	M_H	(dN · m)	35.7 ∀ 4.8	ASTM ® D 2084
		(lbf · in)	31.6 ∀ 4.2	ASTM ® D 2084

t₂1 (min)	4 ∀ 1.1	ASTM ® D 2084
t′50 (min)	9.6 ∀ 2.5	ASTM ® D 2084
t′90 (min)	12.9 ∀ 3.1	ASTM ® D 2084

Other Product
Features	Property	Typical Value

	Specific gravity	0.91
	Stabilizer type	Non-staining

⁽¹⁾Monsanto Rheometer at 160° C., 1.7 Hz (100 cpm), 1 degree arc,

micro-die

⁽²⁾Cure characteristics determined on ASTM ® D 3189 MIM mixed

compound:

TAKTENE ® 220	100 (parts by mass)
Zinc oxide	3
Stearic acid	2
IRB #6 black (N330)	60
Naphthenic oil	15
TBBS	0.9
Sulfur	1.5

* This specification refers to product manufactured by Bayer Corp.,

Orange, Texas, U.S.A.

An example of a high Mooney viscosity polybutadiene suitable for use with the present development includes Cariflex® BCP 820, from Shell Chimie of France. Although this polybutadiene produces cores exhibiting higher COR values, it is somewhat difficult to process using conventional equipment. The properties and characteristics of this preferred polybutadiene are set forth below.

Properties of Shell Chimie BCP 820 (Also Known As BR-1202J)



	Property	Value

	Mooney Viscosity (approximate)	70-83

Volatiles Content	0.5%	maximum
Ash Content	0.1%	maximum
Cis 1,4-polybutadiene Content	95.0%	minimum

	Stabilizer Content	0.2 to 0.3%
	Polydispersity	2.4-3.1

Molecular Weight Data:	Trial 1	Trial 2

M_n	110,000	111,000
M_w	300,000	304,000
M_z	680,000
M_peak	175,000

Examples of further polybutadienes include those obtained by using a neodymium-based catalyst, such as Neo Cis 40 and Neo Cis 60 from Enichem, Polimeri Europa America, 200 West Loop South, Suite 2010, Houston, Tex. 77027, and those obtained by using a neodymium based catalyst, such as CB-22, CB-23, and CB-24 from Bayer Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. The properties of these polybutadienes are given below.

A. Properties of Neo Cis 40 and 60



Properties of Raw Polymer

	Microstructure
	1,4 cis (typical)	97.5%
	1,4 trans (typical)	1.7%
	Vinyl (typical)	0.8%
	Volatile Matter (max)	0.75%
	Ash (max)	0.30%
	Stabilizer (typical)	0.50%
	Mooney Viscosity, ML₁₊₄at 100° C.	38-48 and 60-66

Properties of compound (typical)

Vulcanization at 145° C.

	Tensile strength, 35′ cure,	16 MPa
	Elongation, 35′ cure,	440%
	300% modulus, 35′ cure,	9.5 MPa

B. Properties of CB-22



TESTS	RESULTS	SPECIFICATIONS

1.	Mooney-Viscosity
	ML1 + 4 100 Cel/ASTM ®-sheet

ML1 + 1	Minimum	58	MIN. 58 ME
	Maximum	63	MAX. 68 ME
	Median	60	58-68 ME

2.	Content of ash
	DIN 53568
	Ash	0.1	MAX. 0.5%
3.	Volatile matter
	heating 3 h/105 Cel
	Loss in weight	0.11	MAX. 0.5%
4.	Organic acid
	Bayer Nr.18
	Acid	0.33	MAX.1.0%
5.	CIS-1,4 content
	IR-spectroscopy
	CIS 1,4	97.62	MIN.96.0%
6.	Vulcanization behavior
	Monsanto MDR/160 Cel
	DIN 53529
	Compound after
	ts01	3.2	2.5-4.1 min
	t50	8.3	6.4-9.6 min
	t90	13.2	9.2-14.0 min
	s'min	4.2	3.4-4.4 dN · m
	s'max	21.5	17.5-21.5 dN · m
7.	Informative data
	Vulcanization 150 Cel 30 min
	Tensile	ca. 15.0
	Elongation at break	ca. 450
	Stress at 300% elongation	ca. 9.5

C. Properties of CB-23



TESTS	RESULTS	SPECIFICATIONS

1.	Mooney-Viscosity
	ML1 + 4 100 Cel/ASTM ®-sheet

ML1 + 4	Minimum	50	MIN. 46 ME
	Maximum	54	MAX. 56 ME
	Median	51	46-56 ME

2.	Content of ash
	DIN 53568	0.09	MAX. 0.5%
	Ash
3.	Volatile matter
	DIN 53526
	Loss in weight	0.19	MAX. 0.5%
4.	Organic acid
	Bayer Nr.18
	Acid	0.33	MAX. 1.0%
5.	CIS-1,4 content
	IR-spectroscopy
	CIS 1,4	97.09	MIN. 96.0%
6.	Vulcanization behavior
	Monsanto MDR/160 Cel
	DIN 53529
	Compound after	MIN. 96.0
	ts01	3.4	2.4-4.0 min
	t50	8.7	5.8-9.0 min
	t90	13.5	8.7-13.5 min
	s'min	3.1	2.7-3.8 dN · m
	s'max	20.9	17.7-21.7 dN · m
7.	Vulcanization test
	with ring
	Informative data
	Tensile	ca. 15.5
	Elongation at break	ca. 470
	Stress at 300% elongation	ca. 9.3

D. Properties of CB-24



TESTS	RESULTS	SPECIFICATIONS

1.	Mooney-Viscosity
	ML1 + 4 100 Cel/ASTM ®-sheet

ML1 + 4	Minimum	44	MIN. 39 ME
	Maximum	46	MAX. 49 ME
	Median	45	39-49 ME

2.	Content of ash
	DIN 53568
	Ash	0.12	MAX. 0.5%
3.	Volatile matter
	DIN 53526
	Loss in weight	0.1	MAX. 0.5%
4.	Organic acid
	Bayer Nr.18
	Acid	0.29	MAX. 1.0%
5.	CIS-1,4 content
	IR-spectroscopy
	CIS 1,4	96.73	MIN. 96.0%
6.	Vulcanization behavior
	Monsanto MDR/160 Cel
	DIN 53529
	Compound after
	masticator
	ts01	3.4	2.6-4.2 min
	t50	8.0	6.2-9.4 min
	190	12.5	9.6-14.4 min
	s'min	2.8	2.0-3.0 dN · m
	s'max	19.2	16.3-20.3 dN · m
7.	Informative data
	Vulcanization 150 Cel 30 min
	Tensile	ca 15.0
	Elongation at break	ca. 470
	Stress at 300% elongation	ca. 9.1

Alternative polybutadienes include fairly high Mooney viscosity polybutadienes including the commercially available BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubbers manufactured by the Bayer Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. The BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubbers are generally of a relatively high purity and light color. The low gel content of the BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubbers ensures almost complete solubility in styrene. The BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubbers have a relatively high cis-1,4 content. Preferably, each BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubber has a cis-1,4 content of at least 96%. Additionally, each BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubber exhibits a different solution viscosity, preferably from about 42 mPa.s to about 170 mPa.s, while maintaining a relatively constant solid Mooney viscosity value range, preferably of from about 38 to about 52. The BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubbers preferably have a vinyl content of less than about 12%, more preferably a vinyl content of about 2%. In this regard, below is a listing of commercially available BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubbers and the solution viscosity and Mooney viscosity of each BUNA® CB series polybutadiene rubber.



Solution Viscosity and Mooney Viscosity of
BUNA ® CB Series Polybutadiene Rubbers

	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB
Property	1405	1406	1407	1409	1410

Solution	50 +/− 7	60 +/− 7	70 +/− 10	90 +/− 10	100 +/− 10
Viscosity
mPa·s
Mooney	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5
Viscosity
mL 1 + 4
100° C.

	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB	BUNA ® CB
Property	1412	1414	1415	1416	10

Solution	120 +/− 10	140 +/− 10	150 +/− 10	160 +/− 10	140 +/− 20
Viscosity
mPa·s
Mooney	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5	45 +/− 5	47 +/− 5
Viscosity
mL 1 + 4
100° C.

Properties



			BUNA ®	BUNA ®	BUNA ®	BUNA ®
Property	Test Method	Units	CB 1406	CB 1407	CB 1409	CB 1410

Catalyst			Cobalt	Cobalt	Cobalt	Cobalt
Cis-1,4	IR	%	≧96	≧96	≧96	≧96
Content	Spectroscopy;
	AN-SAA 0422
Volatile	ISO 248/	%	≦0.5	≦0.5	≦0.5	≦0.5
Matter	ASTM D 1416
Ash Content	ISO 247/	%	≦0.1	≦0.1	≦0.1	≦0.1
	ASTM D 1416
Mooney	ISO 289/DIN	MU	45 ± 5	45 ± 5	45 ± 5	45 ± 5
Viscosity ML	53 523/ASTM
(1 + 4) 100° C.	D 1646
Solution	ASTM D 445/	mPa · s	60 ± 7	70 ± 7	90 ± 10	100 ± 10
Viscosity, 5%	DIN 51 562
in styrene
Styrene	08-02.08.CB	ppm	≦100	≦100	≦100	≦100
insoluble: dry
gel
Color in	ISO 6271/	APHA	≦10	≦10	≦10	≦10
styrene	ASTM D 1209
Solubility			in	in	in	in
			aliphatic	aliphatic	aliphatic	aliphatic
			hydrocarbons	hydrocarbons	hydrocarbons	hydrocarbons
Total Amount	AN-SAA 0583	%	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
of Stabilizer

			BUNA ®	BUNA ®	BUNA ®	BUNA ®
Property	Test Method	Units	CB 1412	CB 1414	CB 1415	CB 1416

Catalyst			Cobalt	Cobalt	Cobalt	Cobalt
Cis-1,4	IR	%	≧96	≧96	≧96	≧96
Content	Spectroscopy;
	AN-SAA 0422
Volatile	ISO 248/	%	≦0.5	≦0.5	≦0.5	≦0.5
Matter	ASTM D 1416
Ash Content	ISO 247/	%	≦0.1	≦0.1	≦0.1	≦0.1
	ASTM D 1416
Mooney	ISO 289/DIN	MU	45 ± 5	45 ± 5	45 ± 5	45 ± 5
Viscosity ML	53 523/ASTM
(1 + 4) 100° C.	D 1646
Solution	ASTM D 445/	mPa · s	120 ± 10	140 ± 10	150 ± 10	160 ± 10
Viscosity, 5%	DIN 51 562
in styrene
Styrene	08-02.08.CB	Ppm	≦100	≦100	≦100	≦100
insoluble: dry
gel
Color in	ISO 6271/	APHA	≦10	≦10	≦10	≦10
styrene	ASTM D 1209
Solubility			in	in	in	in
			aliphatic	aliphatic	aliphatic	aliphatic
			hydrocarbons	hydrocarbons	hydrocarbons	hydrocarbons
Total Amount	AN-SAA 0583	%	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
of Stabilizer

In addition to the polybutadiene rubbers noted above, BUNA® CB 10 polybutadiene rubber is also very desirous to be included in the composition of the present development. BUNA® CB 10 polybutadiene rubber has a relatively high cis-1,4 content, good resistance to reversion, abrasion and flex cracking, good low temperature flexibility and high resilience. The BUNA® CB 10 polybutadiene rubber preferably has a vinyl content of less than about 12%, more preferably about 2% or less. Listed below is a brief description of the properties of the BUNA® CB 10 polybutadiene rubber.

Properties of BUNA® CB 10 Polybutadiene Rubber



Value	Unit	Test method

Raw Material Properties
Volatile Matter	≦0.5	wt-%	ISO 248/ASTM D 5668
Mooney viscosity ML(1 + 4) @ 100° C.	47 ± 5	MU	ISO 289/ASTM D 1646
Solution viscosity, 5.43 wt % in	140 ± 20	mPa · s	ASTM D 445/ISO 3105 (5%
toluene			in toluene)
Cis-1,4 content	≧96	wt-%	IR Spectroscopy, AN-SAA
			0422
Color, Yellowness Index	≦10		ASTM E 313-98
Cobalt content	≦5	ppm	DIN 38 406 E22
Total Stabilizer content	≧0.15	wt-%	AN-SAA 0583
Specific Gravity	0.91

Monsanto Rheometer MDR 2000E, 160″C/30 min./α = ±0.5″C

Vulcanization Properties
(Test formulation from ISO 2476/
ASTM D 3189 (based on IRB 7))
Torque Minimum (ML)	3.5 ± 0.7	dNm	ISO 6502/ASTM D5289
Torque Maximum (MH)	19.9 ± 2.4	dNm	ISO 6502/ASTM D5289
Scorch Time, t.s.₁	2.9 ± 0.6	min	ISO 6502/ASTM D5289
Cure Time, t.c.₅₀	8.7 ± 1.7	min	ISO 6502/ASTM D5289
Cure Time, t.c.₉₀	12.8 ± 2.4	min	ISO 6502/ASTM D5289

The polybutadiene utilized in the present development can also be mixed with other elastomers. These include natural rubbers, polyisoprene rubber, SBR rubber (styrene-butadiene rubber) and others to produce certain desired core properties.
The elastomeric rubber composition also includes a curing agent. The curing agent is the reaction product of a carboxylic acid or acids and an oxide or carbonate of a metal such as zinc, magnesium, barium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, cadmium, lead, tin, and the like. Exemplary unsaturated carboxylic acids are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, sorbic acid, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Usually, the selected acid is either acrylic or methacrylic acid. From about 15 to about 50, and specifically from about 17 to about 35 parts by weight of the carboxylic acid salt, such as zinc diacrylate (ZDA), is included per 100 parts of the elastomer components in the core when a curing agent is included. The unsaturated carboxylic acids and metal salts thereof are generally soluble in the elastomeric base, or are readily dispersible. Examples of such commercially available curing agents include the zinc acrylates and zinc diacrylates available from Sartomer Company, Inc., 502 Thomas Jones Way, Exton, Pa.
A free radical initiator is optionally included in the elastomeric rubber composition; it is any known polymerization initiator (a co-crosslinking agent) which decomposes during the cure cycle. The term “free radical initiator” as used herein refers to a chemical which, when added to the elastomeric blend, promotes crosslinking of the elastomers. The amount of the selected initiator present is dictated only by the requirements of catalytic activity as a polymerization initiator. Suitable initiators include peroxides, persulfates, azo compounds and hydrazides. Peroxides which are readily commercially available are conveniently used in the present development, generally in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 10.0 and preferably in amounts of from about 0.3 to about 3.0 parts by weight per each 100 parts of elastomer, wherein the peroxide has a 40% level of active peroxide.
Exemplary of suitable peroxides are dicumyl peroxide, n-butyl 4,4′-bis (butylperoxy) valerate, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane, di-t-butyl peroxide and 2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)-2,5 dimethyl hexane and the like, as well as mixtures thereof. It will be understood that the total amount of initiators used will vary depending on the specific end product desired and the particular initiators employed.
Examples of such commercial available peroxides are Luperco™ 230 or 231 XL, a peroxyketal manufactured and sold by Atochem, Lucidol Division, Buffalo, N.Y., and Trigonox™ 17/40 or 29/40, a peroxyketal manufactured and sold by Akzo Chemie America, Chicago, Ill. The one hour half life of Luperco™ 231 XL and Trigonox™ 29/40 is about 112° C., and the one hour half life of Luperco™ 230 XL and Trigonox™ 17/40 is about 129° C. Luperco™ 230 XL and Trigonox™ 17/40 are n-butyl-4,4-bis(t-butylperoxy) valerate and Luperco™ 231 XL and Trigonox™ 29/40 are 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane. Trigonox™ 42-40B is tert-Butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate and is available from Akzo Nobel; the liquid form of this agent is available from Akzo under the designation Trigonox™ 42S.
Preferred co-agents which can be used with the above peroxide polymerization agents include zinc diacrylate (ZDA), zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), trimethylol propane triacrylate, and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, most preferably zinc diacrylate. Other co-agents may also be employed and are known in the art.
In further embodiments, the molded core includes a difunctional acrylate. It serves the dual function of being a curing agent and a co-agent to the free radical initiator. In specific embodiments, the molded core includes zinc diacrylate.
The elastomeric polybutadiene compositions of the present development can also optionally include one or more halogenated organic sulfur compounds which serve as a peptizer. The peptizer is usually a halogenated thiophenol of the formula below:

wherein R₁-R₅are independently halogen, hydrogen, alkyl, thiol, or carboxylated groups. At least one halogen group is included, preferably 3-5 of the same halogenated groups are included, and most preferably 5 of the same halogenated groups are part of the compound. Examples of such fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-thiophenols include, but are not limited to pentafluorothiophenol; 2-fluorothiophenol; 3-fluorothiophenol; 4-fluorothiophenol; 2,3-fluorothiophenol; 2,4-fluorothiophenol; 3,4-fluorothiophenol; 3,5-fluorothiophenol; 2,3,4-fluorothiophenol; 3,4,5-fluorothiophenol; 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorothiophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorothiophenol; 4-chlorotetrafluorothiophenol; pentachlorothiophenol; 2-chlorothiophenol; 3-chlorothiophenol; 4-chlorothiophenol; 2,3-chlorothiophenol; 2,4-chlorothiophenol; 3,4-chlorothiophenol; 3,5-chlorothiophenol; 2,3,4-chlorothiophenol; 3,4,5-chlorothiophenol; 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorothiophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorothiophenol; pentabromothiophenol; 2-bromothiophenol; 3-bromothiophenol; 4-bromothiophehol; 2,3-bromothiophenol; 2,4-bromothiophenol; 3,4-bromothiophenol; 3,5-bromothiophenol; 2,3,4-bromothiophenol; 3,4,5-bromothiophenol; 2,3,4,5-tetrabromothiophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetrabromothiophenol; pentaiodothiophenol; 2-iodothiophenol; 3-iodothiophenol; 4-iodothiophenol; 2,3-iodothiophenol; 2,4-iodothiophenol; 3,4-iodothiophenol; 3,5-iodothiophenol; 2,4-iodothiophenol; 3,4-iodothiophenol; 3,5-iodothiophenol; 2,3,4-iodothiophenol; 3,4,5-iodothiophenol; 2,3,4,5-tetraiodothiophenol; 2,3,5,6-tetraiodothiophenol; and their metal salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. The metal salt may be salts of zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and lithium. Another material is dodecanethiol.
In a specific embodiment, pentachlorothiophenol or zinc pentachlorothiophenol is included in the elastomeric composition. For example, RD 1302 of Rheim Chemie of Trenton, N.J. can be included therein. RD 1302 is a 75% masterbatch of Zn PCTP in a high-cis polybutadiene rubber.

Other suitable pentachlorothiphenols include those available from Dannier Chemical, Inc., Tustin, Calif., under the designation Dansof P™. The product specifications of Dansof P™ are set forth below:



	Compound Name	Pentachlorothiophenol
	Synonym	(PCTP)
	CAS #	n/a
	Molecular Formula:	C6CI5SH
	Molecular Weight:	282.4
	Grade:	Dansof P
	Purity:	97.0% (by HLPC)
	Physical State:	Free Flowing Powder
	Appearance	Light Yellow to Gray
	Moisture Content (K.F.)	<0.4%
	Loss on Drying (% by Wt.):	<0.4%
	Particle Size:	80 mesh

A representative metallic salt of pentachlorothiophenol is the zinc salt of pentachlorothiophenol (ZnPCTP) sold by Dannier Chemical, Inc. under the designation Dansof Z™. The properties of this material are as follows:



	Compound Name	Zinc Salt of Pentachlorothiophenol
	Synonym	Zn(PCTP)
	CAS #	n/a
	Molecular Formula:
	Molecular Weight:
	Grade:	DR 14
	Purity:	=99.0%
	Physical State:	Free Flowing Powder
	Appearance	Off-white/Gray
	Odor:	Odorless
	Moisture Content (K.F.)	<0.5%
	Loss on Drying (% by Wt.):	<0.5%
	Mesh Size:	100
	Specific Gravity	2.33

The pentachlorothiophenol or metallic salt thereof is added in an amount of 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 parts by weight, on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the elastomer.
In addition to the foregoing, filler materials can be employed in the compositions of the development to control the weight and density of the ball. Fillers which are incorporated into the compositions should be in finely divided form, typically in a size generally less than about 20 mesh, preferably less than about 100 mesh U.S. standard size. Preferably, the filler is one with a specific gravity of from about 0.5 to about 19.0. Examples of fillers which may be employed include, for example, silica, clay, talc, mica, asbestos, glass, glass fibers, barytes (barium sulfate), limestone, lithophone (zinc sulphide-barium sulfate), zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc sulphide, calcium metasilicate, silicon carbide, diatomaceous earth, particulate carbonaceous materials, micro balloons, aramid fibers, particulate synthetic plastics such as high molecular weight polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ionomer resins and the like, as well as cotton flock, cellulose flock and leather fiber. Powdered metals such as titanium, tungsten, aluminum, bismuth, nickel, molybdenum, copper, brass and their alloys also may be used as fillers.
The amount of filler employed is primarily a function of weight restrictions on the weight of a golf ball made from those compositions. In this regard, the amount and type of filler will be determined by the characteristics of the golf ball desired and the amount and weight of the other ingredients in the core composition. The overall objective is to closely approach the maximum golf ball weight of 1.620 ounces (45.92 grams) set forth by the U.S.G.A.
The compositions of the development also may include various processing aids known in the rubber and molding arts, such as fatty acids. Generally, free fatty acids having from about 10 carbon atoms to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably having from about 15 carbon atoms to about 20 carbon atoms, may be used. Fatty acids which may be used include stearic acid and linoleic acids, as well as mixtures thereof. When included in the compositions of the development, the fatty acid component is present in amounts of from about 1 part by weight per 100 parts elastomer, preferably in amounts of from about 2 parts by weight per 100 parts elastomer to about 5 parts by weight per 100 parts elastomer. Examples of processing aids which may be employed include, for example, calcium stearate, barium stearate, zinc stearate, lead stearate, basic lead stearate, dibasic lead phosphite, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dimealeate, dibutyltin mercaptide, as well as dioctyltin and stannane diol derivatives.
Furthermore, other additives known to those skilled in the art can also be included in the core components of the embodiments disclosed herein. These additions are included in amounts sufficient to produce the desired characteristics.
The core may be made by conventional mixing and compounding procedures used in the rubber industry. Different types and various amounts of materials are utilized to produce a molded core composition having the compression, resiliency, etc., properties desired.
For example, the ingredients may be intimately mixed using, for example, two roll mills or a BANBURY® mixer, until the composition is uniform, usually over a period of from about 5 to 20 minutes. The sequence of addition of components is not critical. One blending sequence is as follows.
The elastomer, such as the polybutadienes, Cariflex® 1220, Neo-Cis® 60, Taktene®, or blends thereof, zinc pentachlorothiophenol (optional), and other components comprising the elastomeric rubber composition are blended for about 7 minutes in an internal mixer such as a BANBURY® mixer. As a result of shear during mixing, the temperature rises to about 200° F. The initiator and diisocyanate (optional) are then added and the mixing continued until the temperature reaches about 220° F. whereupon the batch is discharged onto a two roll mill, mixed for about one minute and sheeted out. The mixing is desirably conducted in such a manner that the composition does not reach incipient polymerization temperature during the blending of the various components.
The composition can be formed into a core by any one of a variety of molding techniques, e.g. compression, transfer molding, etc. If the core is compression molded, the sheet is then rolled into a “pig” and then placed in a BARWELL® preformer and slugs are produced. The slugs are then subjected to compression molding at about 320° F. for about 14 minutes. After molding, the molded cores are cooled at room temperature for about 4 hours or in cold water for about one hour.
Usually the curable component of the composition will be cured by heating the composition at elevated temperatures on the order of from about 275° F. to about 350° F., preferably and usually from about 290° F. to about 325° F., with molding of the composition effected simultaneously with the curing thereof. When the composition is cured by heating, the time required for heating will normally be short, generally from about 10 to about 20 minutes, depending upon the particular curing agent used. Those of ordinary skill in the art relating to free radical curing agents for polymers are conversant with adjustments to cure times and temperatures required to effect optimum results with any specific free radical agent.
After molding, the core is removed from the mold and the surface may be treated to facilitate adhesion thereof to the covering materials. Surface treatment can be effected by any of the several techniques known in the art, such as corona discharge, ozone treatment, sand blasting, centerless grinding, and the like. Alternatively, the cores are used in the as-molded state with no surface treatment.
Further embodiments of the present invention may also include thermoplastic cores. These cores may comprise a highly neutralized ionomer (greater than 80%) and may comprise a fatty acid or fatty acid metal salt, such as disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/905,925, filed on Jan. 26, 2005, for a Golf Ball With Thermoplastic Material, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The resulting molded core generally has a diameter of about 1.0 to about 2.0 inches, preferably about 1.40 to about 1.60 inches and more preferably from about 1.520 to about 1.550 inches. Additionally, the weight of the core is adjusted so that the finished golf ball closely approaches the U.S.G.A. upper weight limit of 1.620 ounces. It has the high resiliency and hardness (i.e., high compression) desired. The molded core exhibits a COR of greater than 0.750, and preferably from about 0.780 to about 0.810, and more preferably from about 0.785 to about 0.805, and a compression (Instron) of greater than 0.0700, including from about 0.0750 to about 0.1300.

The Mantle

The mantle 14 of the golf ball of the present disclosure preferably comprises an ionomeric resin, more preferably a blend of high acid ionomer resins. Ionomeric resins are polymers containing interchain ionic bonding. They are generally ionic copolymers of an olefin, such as ethylene, and a metal salt of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or maleic acid. Metal ions, such as sodium, zinc, magnesium, etc., are used to neutralize some portion of the acidic group in the copolymer resulting in a thermoplastic elastomer exhibiting enhanced properties, such as increased durability and hardness. There are many commercial grades of ionomers available both from DuPont® and Exxon®, with a wide range of properties which vary according to the type and amount of metal cations, molecular weight, composition of the base resin (such as relative content of ethylene and methacrylic and/or acrylic acid groups) and additive ingredients such as reinforcement agents, and the like.
A suitable ionomer is a copolymer of an alpha-olefin and an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid. The acid copolymer may contain anywhere from 1 to 30 percent by weight acid. A high acid copolymer containing greater than 16% by weight acid, preferably from about 17 to about 25 weight percent acid, and more preferably about 20 weight percent acid, or a low acid copolymer containing 16% by weight or less acid may be used as desired. The acid copolymer is neutralized with a metal cation salt capable of ionizing or neutralizing the copolymer to the extent desired, generally from about 10% to 100%. The amount of metal cation salt needed is that which has enough metal to neutralize up to 100% of the acid groups as desired.
Generally, the alpha-olefin has from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and is preferably ethylene, and the unsaturated carboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid having from about 3 to 8 carbons. Examples of such acids include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid. The carboxylic acid of the acid copolymer is, in embodiments, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
The ionomer mantle layer comprises any suitable ionomer resin having the characteristics desired. Examples of such suitable ionomer resins are commercially available from DuPont® under the designation Surlyn® or from Exxon® under the designation lotek®. The ionomers preferably have a high flex modulus of from about 40 kpsi to about 100 kpsi, or from about 50 kpsi to about 85 kpsi, and in specific embodiments from about 60 kpsi to about 75 kpsi. The flex modulus is measured in accordance to ASTM 6272-98, with the test specimen conditioned for 14 days.
Further embodiments of the present invention may include intermediate layers comprising one or more ionomers which are neutralized to greater than 80%. The intermediate layer may also comprise ionomers comprising a fatty acid or fatty acid metal salt.
The various compositions of the mantle may be produced according to conventional melt blending procedures. In one embodiment, a simple dry blend of the pelletized or granulated copolymers which have previously been neutralized to a desired extent (and colored masterbatch, if desired) may be prepared and fed directly into the injection molding machine where homogenization occurs in the mixing section of the barrel prior to injection into the mold. If necessary, further additives, such as an inorganic filler, may be added and uniformly mixed before initiation of the molding process.
The resulting mantle has a Shore D hardness of from about 50 to about 80, including from about 60 to about 72, and in specific embodiments from about 67 to about 72. It has a resilience of from about 0.750 to about 0.830, including from about 0.805 to about 0.815, and about 0.810.

The Polyurethane/Polyurea Rim Cover

The outer layer, or cover layer 16, of the golf ball is a polyurethane/polyurea RIM cover. As used here, the term “polyurethane/polyurea” means a polyurethane, a polyurea, combinations thereof, and blends thereof.
The exemplary embodiments also include methods of producing golf balls, such as by RIM, which contain a fast-chemical-reaction-produced component at the overall properties desired. Particularly preferred forms of the exemplary embodiments also provide for a golf ball with a thin, relatively hard, fast-chemical-reaction-produced cover having good scuff and cut resistance.
More specifically, the preferred method of forming a fast-chemical-reaction-produced component for a golf ball according to the disclosure is by a RIM process. In a RIM process, highly reactive liquids are injected into a closed mold, mixed usually by impingement and/or mechanical mixing and secondarily mixed in an in-line device such as a peanut mixer, where they polymerize primarily in the mold to form a coherent, molded article. The RIM processes usually involve a rapid reaction between one or more reactive components such as polyether—or polyester—polyol, polyamine, or other material with an active hydrogen, and one or more isocyanate—containing constituents, often in the presence of a catalyst. The constituents are stored in separate tanks prior to molding and may be first mixed in a mix head upstream of a mold and then injected into the mold. The liquid streams are metered in the desired weight to weight ratio, such that the ratio of the —NCO groups to the active hydrogen groups is within a desired ration, and fed into an impingement mix head, with mixing occurring under high pressure, e.g., 1500 to 3000 psi. The liquid streams impinge upon each other in the mixing chamber of the mix head and the mixture is injected into the mold. One of the liquid streams typically contains a catalyst for the reaction. The constituents react rapidly after mixing to gel and form polyurethane/polyurea polymers. Epoxies and various unsaturated polyesters also can be molded by RIM.
RIM differs from non-reaction injection molding processes in a number of ways. The main distinction is that in RIM a chemical reaction takes place in the mold to transform a monomer or adducts to polymers and the components are in liquid form. Thus, a RIM mold need not be made to withstand the pressures which occur in a conventional injection molding. In contrast, injection molding is conducted at high molding pressures in the mold cavity by melting a solid resin and conveying it into a mold, with the molten resin often being at about 150 to about 350° C. At this elevated temperature, the viscosity of the molten resin usually is in the range of 50,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoise, and is typically around 200,000 centipoise. In an injection molding process, the solidification of the resins occurs after about 10 to 90 seconds, depending upon the size of the molded product, the temperature and heat transfer conditions, and the hardness of the injection molded material. Subsequently, the molded product is removed from the mold. There is no significant chemical reaction taking place in an injection molding process when the thermoplastic resin is introduced into the mold. In contrast, in a RIM process, the chemical reaction typically takes place in less than about 2 minutes, preferably in under one minute, and in many cases in about 30 seconds or less.
The fast-chemical-reaction-produced component can incorporate suitable additives and/or fillers. When the component is an outer cover layer, pigments or dyes, accelerators and UV stabilizers can be added. Examples of suitable optical brighteners which probably can be used include Uvitex™ and Eastobrite™ OB-1. An example of a suitable white pigment is titanium dioxide. Examples of suitable and UV light stabilizers are provided in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,291. Fillers which can be incorporated into the fast-chemical-reaction-produced cover or core component include those listed below in the definitions section. Furthermore, compatible polymeric materials, such as polyurethane ionomers, polyamides, etc., can be added.
Catalysts can be added to the RIM polyurethane/polyurea system starting materials as long as the catalysts generally do not react with the constituent with which they are combined. Suitable catalysts include those which are known to be useful with polyurethanes and polyureas. These catalysts include dibutyl tin dilaurate or triethylenediamine.
The reaction mixture viscosity should be sufficiently low to ensure that the mold is completely filled. The reactant materials generally are preheated to about 80° F. to about 200° F. and preferably to 100° F. to about 180° F. before they are mixed. In most cases it is necessary to preheat the mold to, e.g., from about 80° F. to about 200° F., to provide for proper injection viscosity and system reactivity.
Molding at lower temperatures is beneficial when, for example, the cover is molded over a core. Normally, at higher temperature molding processes, the core may expand during molding. Such core expansion is not of such a concern when molding at lower temperatures utilizing RIM.
Polyurethanes/polyureas are polymers which are used to form a broad range of products. Polyurethane and/or polyurea polymers are typically made from three reactants: alcohols, amines, and isocyanate-containing compounds. They react with the isocyanate-containing compound, which is generally referred to as an “isocyanate.” The constituent containing the alcohols, amines or other reactive hydrogen groups is sometimes referred to collectively as the polyol constituent of the RIM formulation. The constituent containing the isocyanate or isocyanate prepolymer is usually referred to as the isocyanate constituent of the RIM formulation.
Several chemical reactions may occur during polymerization of isocyanate and polyol. Isocyanate groups (—N═C═O) that react with alcohols form a polyurethane, whereas isocyanate groups that react with an amine group form a polyurea. A polyurethane itself may react with an isocyanate to form an allophanate and a polyurea can react with an isocyanate to form a biuret. Because the biuret and allophanate reactions occur on an already-substituted nitrogen atom of the polyurethane or polyurea, these reactions increase cross-linking within the polymer.
The polyol component typically contains additives, such as stabilizers, flow modifiers, catalysts, combustion modifiers, blowing agents, fillers, pigments, optical brighteners, surfactants and release agents to modify physical characteristics of the cover. Polyurethane/polyurea constituent molecules that were derived from recycled polyurethane can be added in the polyol component.
Cross linking occurs between the isocyanate groups (—NCO) and the polyol's hydroxyl end-groups (—OH) and/or the active hydrogens (—H) of the amines or polyamines. Additionally, the end-use characteristics of polyurethanes can also be controlled by different types of reactive chemicals and processing parameters. For example, catalysts are utilized to control polymerization rates. Depending upon the processing method, reaction rates can be very quick (as in the case for some reaction injection molding systems (i.e., RIM).
A wide range of combinations of polyisocyanates and polyols, as well as other ingredients, are available. Furthermore, the end-use properties of polyurethanes can be controlled by the type of polyurethane utilized, i.e., whether the material is thermoset (cross linked molecular structure) or thermoplastic (linear molecular structure). In the present RIM process, thermosetting polyurethanes/polyureas are utilized.
In this regard, polyurethanes are typically classified as thermosetting or thermoplastic. A polyurethane becomes irreversibly “set” when a polyurethane prepolymer is cross linked with a polyfunctional curing agent, such as a polyamine or a polyol. The prepolymer typically is made from polyether or polyester. Diisocyanate polyethers are sometimes preferred because of their water resistance.
The physical properties of thermoset polyurethanes are controlled substantially by the degree of cross linking. Tightly cross linked polyurethanes/polyureas are fairly rigid and strong. A lower amount of cross linking results in materials that are flexible and resilient. Thermoplastic polyurethanes have some cross linking, but primarily by physical means. The crosslinkings bonds can be reversibly broken by increasing temperature, as occurs during molding or extrusion.
Polyurethane materials suitable for the exemplary embodiments are formed by the reaction of a polyisocyanate, a polyol, and optionally one or more chain extenders. The polyol component includes any suitable polyether- or polyesterpolyol. Additionally, in an alternative embodiment, the polyol component may contain polybutadiene diol as a chain extender. The chain extenders include, but are not limited, to diols, triols and amine extenders. Any suitable polyisocyanate may be used to form a polyurethane according to the exemplary embodiment. The polyisocyanate is preferably selected from the group of diisocyanates including, but not limited, to 4,4N-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (“MDI”); 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (“TDI”); m-xylylene diisocyanate (“XDI”); methylene bis-(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (“HMDI”); hexamthylene diisocyanate (HDI); naphthalene-1,5,-diisocyanate (“NDI”); 3,3N-dimethyl-4,4N-biphenyl diisocyanate (“TODI”); 1,4-diisocyanate benzene (“PPDI”); phenylene-1,4-diisocyanate; and 2,2,4- or 2,4,4-trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate (“TMDI”).
Other less preferred diisocyanates include, but are not limited to, isophorone diisocyanate (“IPDI”); 1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate (“CHDI”); diphenylether-4,4N-diisocyanate; p,pN-diphenyl diisocyanate; lysine diisocyanate (“LDI”); 1,3-bis (isocyanato methyl) cyclohexane; and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (“PMDI”).
One polyurethane component which can be used in the exemplary embodiment incorporates TMXDI (META) aliphatic isocyanate (Cytec Industries, West Paterson, N.J.). Polyurethanes based on meta-tetramethylxylyliene diisocyanate can provide improved gloss retention, UV light stability, thermal stability and hydrolytic stability. Additionally, TMXDI (META) aliphatic isocyanate has demonstrated favorable toxicological properties. Furthermore, because it has a low viscosity, it is usable with a wider range of diols (to polyurethane) and diamines (to polyureas). If TMXDI is used, it typically, but not necessarily, is added as a direct replacement for some or all of the other aliphatic isocyanates in accordance with the suggestions of the supplier. Because of slow reactivity of TMXDI, it may be useful or necessary to use catalysts to have practical demolding times. Hardness, tensile strength and elongation can be adjusted by adding further materials in accordance with the supplier's instructions.
Suitable glycol chain extenders include, but are not limited to ethylene glycol; propane glycol; butane glycol; pentane glycol; hexane glycol; benzene glycol; xylenene glycol; 1,4-butane diol; 1,3-butane diol; 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butane diol; and dipropylene glycol.
Suitable amine extenders include, but are not limited to, tetramethyl-ethylenediamine; dimethylbenzylamine; diethylbenzylamine; pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; dimethyl cyclohexylamine; tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine; 1,2-dimethylimidazole; 2-methylimidazole; pentamethyidipropylenetriamine; diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) and bis-(dismethylaminoethylether).
The polyurethane/polyurea which is selected for use as the golf ball cover preferably has a Shore D hardness of 20 to 80, more preferably 50 to 70, and most preferably 60 to 68. Alternatively, Shore B can be utilized to characterize the cover hardness. Comparably, Shore B values are from about 50 to about 100, including from about 70 to about 100 and from about 80 to about 100. The polyurethane which is to be used for a cover layer preferably has a flex modulus of 1 to 310 kpsi, more preferably 5 to 100 kpsi, and most preferably 5 to 20 kpsi for a soft cover layer and 30 to 100 kpsi for a hard cover layer.
Non-limiting examples of polyurethanes/polyureas suitable for use in the layers include Bayer Bayflex® 110-50; Bayer Bayflex® MP-10,000; Crompton® Vibra RIM 813A and Vibra RIM 813B; and Dow® Spectrim RD, amongst others. The general characteristics of these materials are briefly described below.
BAYFLEX MP-10,000 is a two component system, consisting of Component A and Component B. Component A comprises the diisocyanate and Component B comprises the polyether polyol plus additional curatives, extenders, etc. The following information is provided by the BAYFLEX MP-10,000 MSDS sheet, regarding the constituent components.

Component A



1. Chemical Product Information (Section 1)

	Product Name:	BAYFLEX MP-10,000 Component A
	Chemical Family:	Aromatic Isocyanate Prepolymer
	Chemical Name:	Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate
		(MDI) Prepolymer
	Synonyms:	Modified Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients (Section 2)

Ingredient	Concentration

4,4′-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI)	53-54%
Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) (2,2; 2,4)	1-10%

3. Physical and Chemical Properties (Section 9)

	Molecular Weight:	Average 600-700

4. Regulatory Information (Section 15)

Component	Concentration

4,4′-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI)	53-54%
Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) (2,2; 2,4)	1-10%
Polyurethane Prepolymer	40-50%

Component B

1. Chemical Product Information (Section 1)

Product Name: BAYFLEX MP-10,000 Component B

Chemical Family: Polyether Polyol System

Chemical Name: Polyether Polyol containing

Diethyltoluenediamine

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients (Section 2)

Ingredient Concentration

Diethyltoluenediamine 5-15%

3. Transportation Information (Section 14)

Technical Shipping Name: Polyether Polyol System

Freight Class Bulk: Polypropylene Glycol

Freight Class Package: Polypropylene Glycol

4. Regulatory Information (Section 15)

Component Name Concentration

Diethyltoluenediamine 5-15%

Pigment dispersion Less than 5%

Polyether Polyol 80-90%
Additionally, Bayer reports the following further information:

Component A



	Isocyanate:	4,4 diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)
	Functionality:	2.0
	Curing Agents:	None
	Diisocyanate	60% free MDI; remaining 40% has reacted
	Concentration:
	% NCO:	22.6 (overall)
	Equivalent Weight:	186

Component B



Polyol:	Trio containing derivatives of polypropylene glycol
Functionality:	3.0
Equivalent Weight:	2,000
Amine Extender:	Diethyltoluenediamine (equivalent weight of 88)

According to Bayer, the following general properties are produced by this RIM system:



			ASTM Test
Property	Typical Physical Properties	Value	Method

General	Specific Gravity	1.1	D 792
	Density	68.7 lb/ft³	D 1622
	Thickness	0.118 in
	Shore Hardness	90 A, 110 D	D 2240
	Mold Shrinkage	1.42%	(Bayer)
	Water Immersion,	0.014 in/in	(Bayer)
	Length Increase
	Water Absorption: 24 Hours	3.3%	(Bayer)
	Water Absorption: 240 Hours	5.0%	(Bayer)
Mechanical	Tensile Strength, Ultimate	2,200 lb/in²	D 638/D 412
	Elongation at Break	300%	D 638/D 412
	Flexural Modulus: 149° F.	7,900 lb/in²	D 790
	Flexural Modulus: 73° F.	10,000 lb/in²	D 790
	Flexural Modulus: −22° F.	23,600 lb/in²	D 790
	Tear Strength, Die C	240 lbf/in	D 624
Thermal	Coefficient of Linear	53 E-06 in/	D 696
	Thermal Expansion	in/° F.

Vibra RIM 813 is a two component system available from Crompton Corporation, Middlebury, Conn., comprising 813A (ISO) and 813B (POLYOL). In this regard, 813A is diphenylmethane 4,4′ diisocyanate (reaction product of a polyether with diphenylmethane diisocyanate) and 813B is an alkylene glycol.
The physical properties of Vibra RIM A are as follows:

Physical Properties

ATTRIBUTE SPECIFICATION

% NCO 16.38-16.78

Viscosity 400-800 cps at 50 C with #2 spindle @ 20 rpm

Color Hellige Comparator: Gardner 3 max W/CL-620C-40

The physical properties of Vibra RIM B are noted below:

Physical Properties

ATTRIBUTE	SPECIFICATION

Equivalent Weight	TBD - Theoretical 270.5 +/− 5
Viscosity	100-200 cps at 50 C (#2 spindle/20 rpm)
Color	WHITE - 4.84% PLASTICOLORS DR-10368
Moisture	0.10% Maximum

The overall plaque physical properties for the cover materials is as follows:



	ATTRIBUTE	SPECIFICATION

Plaque Material Shore D (peak)	39
s.g.	1.098	g/cc
Flex. Mod. (ASTM D 790)	7920	psi
300% mod. (ASTM D 412)	2650	psi
Young's mod. At 23 C (DMA)	75.5	MPa
Shear mod. At 23 C (DMA)	11.6	MPa

Other non-limiting examples of suitable RIM systems for use in the exemplary embodiment are Bayflex7 elastomeric polyurethane RIM systems, Baydur7 GS solid polyurethane RIM systems, Prism7 solid polyurethane RIM systems, all from Bayer Corp. (Pittsburgh, Pa), SPECTRIM reaction moldable polyurethane and polyurea systems from Dow Chemical USA (Midland, Mich.), and Elastolit SR systems from BASF (Parsippany, N.J.).
The resulting cover comprises from about 5 to about 100 weight percent of polyurethane/polyurea based on the weight of the cover. It may have pigments or dyes, accelerators, or UV stabilizers added to it prior to molding. An example of a suitable white pigment is titanium dioxide. Examples of suitable UV light stabilizers are provided in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,291, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Furthermore, compatible polymeric materials can be added. For example, when the component comprises polyurethane and/or polyurea, such polymeric materials include polyurethane ionomers, polyamides, etc. Fillers can also be incorporated into the golf ball component as described above.
In a more preferred embodiment, the cover comprises a relatively “soft” (low flex modulus) thermoset polyurethane/polyurea material that is produced by RIM. The cover layer is thin enough to produce the enhanced playability characteristics desired without raising significant durability issues (scuff, abrasion, cut, etc.). In this regard, a cover thickness of from about 0.010 inches to about 0.040 inches is desirable, including from about 0.010 inches to about 0.025 inches, from about 0.014 inches to about 0.021 inches and about 0.014 inches to about 0.016 inches.
THE BALLThe resulting golf ball 10 of the present disclosure has the desired characteristics noted above. It has a diameter of 1.680 inches or more, the minimum permitted by the U.S.G.A; oversize balls may be produced if desired. In some embodiments, the diameter of the golf ball is from 1.680 inches to about 1.780 inches. It weighs no more than 1.62 ounces. It has low driver spin and good green-side spin. It has a high initial velocity of between 250 and 255 feet/sec. It has a COR of from about 0.770 to about 0.820, including from about 0.790 to about 0.816, and from about 0.805 to about 0.816. A more detailed description of a golf ball having a high COR is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,443,858, for a Golf Ball With A High Coefficient Of Restitution, and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,478,697 for a Golf Ball With A High Coefficient Of Restitution, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The surface geometry of the golf ball is preferably a conventional dimple pattern such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,213,898 for a Golf Ball With An Aerodynamic Surface On A Polyurethane Cover, which pertinent parts are hereby incorporated by reference. Alternatively, the surface geometry of the golf ball has a non-dimple pattern such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,615 for A Golf Ball Having Tubular Lattice Pattern, or co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/709,018, filed on Apr. 7, 2004 for an Aerodynamic Surface Geometry Of A Golf Ball, both of which pertinent parts are hereby incorporated by reference.
Specifically, the arrangement and total number of dimples are not critical and may be properly selected within ranges that are well known. For example, the dimple arrangement may be an octahedral, dodecahedral or icosahedral arrangement. The total number of dimples is generally from about 250 to about 600, and especially from about 300 to about 500. The dimples may also be hexagonal in shape.
Additionally, one or more deep dimples may also be included to enhance the molded golf ball construction process and/or aerodynamics. A deep dimple is a dimple that extends through the cover material to the intermediate or mantle layer and/or to the core. For example, six extra deep hexagonal dimples may be included to help to balance lift and drag. The extra deep dimples may also be included to enhance the centering of the ball during ball construction. Deep dimples are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,790,149 for a Golf Ball, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In other embodiments, the golf ball is coated with a durable, abrasion-resistant, relatively non-yellowing finish coat or coats if necessary. The finish coat or coats may have some optical brightener and/or pigment added to improve the brightness of the finished golf ball. In one embodiment, from 0.001 to about 10% optical brightener may be added to one or more of the finish coatings. If desired, optical brightener may also be added to the cover materials. One type of preferred finish coatings are solvent based urethane coatings known in the art. It is also contemplated to provide a transparent outer coating or layer on the final finished golf ball.
Golf balls also typically include logos and other markings printed onto the dimpled spherical surface of the ball. Paint, typically clear or white pigmented paint, is applied for the purposes of protecting the cover and improving the outer appearance before the ball is completed as a commercial product.
Specific embodiments of the disclosure will now be described in detail. These examples are intended to be illustrative, and the disclosure is not limited to the materials, conditions, or process parameters set forth in these embodiments. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLES

High compression multi-layer RIM golf balls (Examples A-J) were produced according to the specifications set forth below and compared to the controls noted.

Example 1



A	B	C	D	E	CALLAWAY
.021 inch	.021 inch	.021 inch	.016 inch	.014 inch	HX TOUR	CALLAWAY
cover	cover	cover	cover	cover	56	HX TOUR

TARGET CORE	Inner Core	No	No	No	No	No	N/A
	Size (in)	1.550″	1.550″	1.550″	1.550″	1.550″
		Glebar	Glebar	Glebar	Glebar	Glebar
	Weight (g)	36.95	36.95	37.08	36.95	36.95
	Instron	0.094	0.094	0.098	0.094	0.094
	CoR	0.802	0.802	0.799	0.802	0.802
	Specific	1.155 g/cc	1.155 g/cc	1.155 g/cc	1.160 g/cc	1.160 g/cc
	Gravity
TARGET MANTLE	Size (in)	1.640″	1.640″	1.640″	1.650″	1.654″	N/A
		glebar	glebar	glebar	glebar	glebar
	Weight (g)	42.55	42.55	42.55		42.55
	Instron	0.0875	0.088	0.088	0.088	0.088
	CoR	0.812	0.812	0.812	0.812	0.812
TARGET BALL	Size (in)	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.683	N/A
	Weight (g)	45.50	45.50	45.50	45.50	45.50
	Instron (2	0.087	0.087	0.087	0.087	0.087
	weeks)
	CoR (2 weeks)	0.806	0.806	0.806	0.806	0.806
	Dimple Pattern	5175	5175	5175	D5227	D5228
Actual	Size (in)	1.550	1.550	1.550	1.550	1.550	N/A
Core		(0.0016)	(0.0016)	(0.0016)	(.002)	(.002)
	Weight (g)	36.88	36.88	36.88	37.04	37.04
		(0.12)	(0.12)	(0.12)	(.054)	(.054)
	Instron	0.092	0.092	0.092	.096	.096
		(0.0014)	(0.0014)	(0.0014)	(.001)	(.001)
	CoR	0.800	0.800	0.800	.799	.799
		(0.0024)	(0.0024)	(0.0024)	(.002)	(.002)
Actual	Size (in)	1.639	1.639	1.639	1.651	1.656	N/A
Mantle		(.0007)	(.0007)	(.0007)	(.0063)	(.0007)
	Weight (g)	42.45	42.45	42.45	43.37	43.68
		(0.06)	(0.06)	(0.06)	(.033)	(.021)
	Instron	.087	.087	.087	.090	.089
		(.0014)	(.0014)	(.0014)	(.001)	(.001)
	CoR	.809	.809	.809	.812	.812
		(.0014)	(.0014)	(.0014)	(.0017)	(.0009)

Actual Ball	Pole Size(in)	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.684	1.684	1.682	1.680
		(.0010)	(.0005)	(.0006)	(.0003)	(.0006)	(.0007)	(.0011)
	Equator Size	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.684	1.682	1.681
	(in)	(.0008)	(.0005)	(.0011)	(.0010)	(.0006)	(.0011)	(.001)
	Weight (g)	45.49	45.48	45.42	45.56	45.5	45.50	45.51
		(.05)	(.04)	(.05)	(.02)	(.04)	(0.12)	(0.07)
	Instron	.086	.087	.087	.088	.089	.094	.089
		(.0016)	(.0015)	(.0017)	(.0017)	(.0013)	(.0015)	(.0017)
	CoR	.805	.803	.805	.811	.812	.807	.811
		(.0026)	(.0012)	(.0032)	(.0009)	(.0019)	(.0043)	(.0026)
	NezFactor	891	890	892	899	901	901	900
Total Spin	USGA Driver	10.0,	10.1,	10.1,	10.1,	10.0,	10.0, 257.3,	10.2, 258.7,
	(deg, fps, RPM)	260.0,	259.1,	259.5,	259.9,	260.2,	2634	2448
		2603	2543	2406	2554	2503
	Pro Driver	9.6, 240.8,	9.6,	9.6,	9.7,	9.7,	9.7, 239.4,	9.6, 240.9,
	(deg, fps, RPM)	3081	240.4,	240.8,	240.7,	241.0,	3005	3043
			3118	3046	3009	3058
	Am. Driver	11.9,	11.9,	12.0,	11.9,	12.1,	11.9, 201.5,	11.9, 202.4,
	(deg, fps, RPM)	201.8,	201.7,	202.0,	202.3,	202.2,	3371	3408
		3463	3549	3400	3401	3494
	5-Iron (deg,	14.0, 188.4,	13.9,	14.2,	14.2,	14.3,	14.4, 188.4,	14.4, 189.2,
	fps, RPM)	6300	188.3,	188.4,	188.9,	188.8,	5938	5826
			6439	6240	6109	6036
	P. Wedge (deg,	25.6,	25.6,	25.7,	25.9,	25.8,	25.9, 139.3,	25.9, 139.3,
	fps, RPM)	138.7,	138.7,	138.7,	138.9,	138.8,	9677	9833
		10212	10213	10115	9903	9949
	76 fps Chip	28.8, 75.8,	28.6,	28.8,	28.9,	29.0,	29.1, 76.3,	29.0, 76.6,
	(deg, fps, RPM)	7232	76.1,	76.1,	75.9,	76.0,	7166	7194
			7375	7279	7188	7175
	60 fps Chip	25.6, 61.0,	25.4,	25.7,	25.8,	25.9,	26.0, 61.2,	25.9, 61.1,
	(deg, fps, RPM)	5973	60.9,	60.9,	60.9,	61.1,	5756	5842
			6051	5914	5828	5818
Physical Testing	Scuff	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass
	Cut	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass
	Wet Barrel	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass
	Weatherometer	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass
	Cold Crack (6	No	No	No	No	No	No Failures	No Failures
	balls each to 5	Failures	Failures	Failures	Failures	Failures
	blows)
	Barrel (18 balls	No	No	1 @	No	No	NOT	1 @ 500
	each to 500	Failures	Failures	500 (1	Failures	Failures	TESTED
	blows)			cover	(1
				failure	cover
				also	failure
				noted	also
				@ 500)	noted
					@ 500)
	High Speed (18	1 each @	1 each	1 each	1 @	2 @ 196,	NOT	1 each @
	balls each to	138, 154,	@103,	@ 97,	190	1 @ 200	TESTED	130, 152,
	200 blows)	171, 189,	113,	152,				173, and
		and 190	137,	153,				199
			2 @	and
			152,	194
			1 @
			155,
			1 @ 198

Example 2



		F	G	H	I	J
		.016 inch	.016 inch	.016 inch	.016 inch	.016 inch
		cover	cover	cover	cover	cover
TARGET	Inner	No	No	No	No	Yes
CORE	Core
	Size (in)	1.550″	1.550″	1.550″	1.550″	1.520″
		Glebar	Glebar	Glebar	Glebar	Glebar
	Weight (g)	37.05	37.05	37.05	37.05	35.03
	Instron	0.0955	0.0955	0.0955	0.0965	0.0975
	CoR	0.802	0.802	0.802	0.802	0.803
TARGET MANTLE	Size (in)	1.650″	1.650″	1.650″	1.650″	1.650″
		glebar	glebar	glebar	glebar	glebar
	Weight (g)	43.35	43.35	43.35	43.35	43.35
	Instron	0.0875	0.0875	0.0875	0.0875	0.0875
	CoR	0.812	0.812	0.812	0.812	0.812
	Size (in)	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.683	1.683
	Weight (g)	45.50	45.50	45.50	45.50	45.50
	Instron (2	0.087	0.087	0.087	0.087	0.087
	weeks)
	CoR (2	0.810	0.810	0.813	0.813	0.813
	weeks)
	Dimple	5227	5296	5227	5227	5227
	Pattern
TARGET	Size (in)	.1550	.1550	1.550	1.550	1.519
BALL		(.0032)	(.0032)	(.001)	(.001)	(.001)
	Weight (g)	36.90	36.90	37.04	37.04	34.83
		(.19)	(.19)	(.02)	(.02)	(.07)
	Instron	.0974	.0974	.095	.095	.095
		(.0016)	(.0016)	(.001)	(.001)	(.001)
	CoR	.794	.794	.797	.797	.797
		(.0026)	(.0026)	(.0015)	(.0015)	(.0021)
Actual	Size (in)	1.651	1.651	1.651	1.650	1.650
Mantle		(.0009)	(.0009)	(.0005)	(.0005)	(.0005)
	Weight (g)	43.36	43.36	43.4	43.4	43.0
		(.06)	(.06)	(.09)	(.06)	(.06)
	Instron	.089	.089	.091	.089	.088
		(.0015)	(.0015)	(.001)	(.0007)	(.0009)
	CoR	0.809	0.809	.809	.814	.815
				(.0016)	(.0011)	(.0011)
Random	Size(in)	1.683	1.684	1.684	1.684	1.683
Statics		(.0007)	(.0005)	(.0008)	(.0009)	(.0007)
	Weight (g)	45.45	45.53	45.57	45.56	45.18
		(.06)	(.04)	(.06)	(.06)	(.06)
	Instron	.089	.089	0.090	0.090	0.088
		(.0015)	(.0013)
	CoR	0.812	0.810	0.812	0.815	0.817
	NezFactor	901	899	902	905	905
Spin	Size(in)	NOT	NOT	1.684	1.684	1.683
Statics		APPLICABLE	APPLICABLE	(.0008)	(.0009)	(.0007)
	Weight (g)			45.56	45.52	45.22
				(.04)	(.04)	(.05)
	Instron			.0892	.0882	.0870
				(.0009)	(.0013)	(.0009)
	CoR			0.812	0.814	0.813
	NezFactor			900	902	900

		F	G	H	I	K

Total Spin	HS Driver (deg,			9.8,	9.9,	9.8,
	fps, RPM)			262,	262,	263,
				2528	2573	2528
	Pro Driver			10.2,	10.1,	10.2,
	(deg, fps, RPM)			240,	241,	241,
				2824	2859	2881
	Am. Driver			11.8,	11.8,	11.8,
	(deg, fps, RPM)			204,	204,	204,
				3377	3322	3328
	5-Iron (deg,			14.0,	14.1,	14.1,
	fps, RPM)			191,	191,	192,
				6017	5982	6038
	P. Wedge (deg,			25.7,	25.8,	25.8,
	fps, RPM)			141,	141,	141,
				9339	9301	9292
	76 fps Chip			28.9,	29.2,	28.9,
	(deg, fps, RPM)			77,	77,	77,
				7206	7092	7179
	60 fps Chip			26.0,	26.1,	25.9,
	(deg, fps, RPM)			61,	61,	60,
				5585	5540	5521
Physical Testing	Scuff			Pass	Pass	Pass
	Cut			Pass	Pass	Pass
	Wet Barrel			Pass	Pass	Pass
	Weatherometer			Pass	Pass	Pass
	Cold Crack (6			No	No	No
	balls each to 5			Failures	Failures	Failures
	blows)
	Barrel (18 balls			No	No	No
	each to 500			Failures	Failures	Failures
	blows)

As noted, the above golf balls exhibited good distance with acceptable playability properties.
The golf ball of the present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the present disclosure be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A multi-layer golf ball comprising:

a core;

an intermediate layer; and,

a reaction injection molded cover;

wherein the golf ball has an Instron compression of 0.0950 or less.

2. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 1, wherein the ball has an Instron compression of 0.0920 or less.

3. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 1, wherein the cover of the ball has a thickness of 0.050 inches or less.

4. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 1, wherein the cover of the ball has a thickness of 0.025 inches or less.

5. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 1, wherein the cover of the ball has a thickness of from about 0.012 inches to about 0.018 inches.

6. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 1, wherein the cover of the ball has a Shore B hardness of from about 50 to about 100.

7. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 1 wherein the cover of the ball has a Shore B hardness of from about 80 to about 95.

8. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the reaction injection molded cover is comprised of a PTMEG polyol, an MDI prepolymer and a DETDA amine.

9. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the mantle comprises an ionomer or a blend of ionomers.

10. The golf ball of claim 9 where the ionomer or blend further comprises a fatty acid or fatty acid metal salt.

11. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the cover defines a plurality of dimples along the outer surface, wherein at least one of the dimples extends through the cover layer to the mantle layer.

12. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the cover is coated with a coating composition comprising a white pigment.

13. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein a marking indicia is applied to the exterior surface of the ball.

14. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein said core is produced from a core composition comprising an organic sulfur compound.

15. The golf ball of claim 14, wherein the organic sulfur compound is PCTP or a metal salt thereof.

16. A multilayer golf ball, comprising:

a molded rubber core;

an intermediate layer between the cover and the core that has a Shore D hardness measurement of greater than 60;

and a thermoset polyurethane/polyurea reaction injection molded cover having a thickness of from about 0.010 inches to about 0.050 inches;

wherein the ball has an Instron compression of from about 0.0750 to 0.1000 and a resilience of greater than 0.790.

17. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 16, wherein the ball has an Instron compression from about 0.0800 to about 0.0950.

18. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 16, wherein the cover of the ball has a thickness of 0.025 inches or less.

19. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 16, wherein the cover of the ball has a thickness of from about 0.012 inches to about 0.018 inches.

20. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 16, wherein the cover of the ball has a Shore B hardness of from about 80 to about 95.

21. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein the mantle comprises an ionomer or a blend of ionomers.

22. The golf ball of claim 21 where the mantle comprises an ionomer that is greater than 80% neutralized and further comprises 5 to 50% fatty acid or fatty acid metal salt.

23. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein the cover defines a plurality of dimples along the outer surface, wherein at least one of the dimples extends through the cover layer to the mantle layer.

24. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein the cover is coated with a coating composition comprising a white pigment.

25. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein a marking indicia is applied to the exterior surface of the ball.

26. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein said core is produced from a core composition comprising an organic sulfur compound.

27. The golf ball of claim 26, wherein the organic sulfur compound is PCTP or a metal salt thereof.

28. A multi-layer golf ball comprising:

a thermoplastic or thermoset core;

an intermediate layer; and,

a reaction injection molded cover;

wherein the golf ball has an Instron compression of 0.0950 or less.

29. The golf ball of claim 28, wherein the reaction injection molded cover is comprised of a PTMEG polyol, an MDI prepolymer and a DETDA amine.

30. The multi-layer ball of claim 28, wherein the ball has a resilience (as measured by the coefficient of restitution) of at least about 0.790.

31. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 28, wherein the ball has an Instron compression of 0.0920 or less.

32. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 28, where the core is comprised of a thermoplastic.

33. The multi-layer golf ball of claim 32, where the thermoplastic core is comprised of an ionomer or ionomer blend in which one or more of the ionomers is neutralized to 80% or more and further comprises 5 to 50% of a fatty acid or fatty acid metal salt.

34. The golf ball of claim 28, wherein the cover defines a plurality of dimples along the outer surface, wherein at least one of the dimples extends through the cover layer to the mantle layer.

35. The golf ball of claim 28, wherein the cover is coated with a coating composition comprising a white pigment.

36. The golf ball of claim 28, wherein a marking indicia is applied to the exterior surface of the ball.

37. The golf ball of claim 28, wherein said core is produced from a core composition comprising an organic sulfur compound.

38. The golf ball of claim 37, wherein the organic sulfur compound is PCTP or a metal salt thereof.