US20060005664A1 - Method for preparing metal powder and method for evaluating raw material or diluting salt for use therein

Info

Abstract

Description

Claims

US20060005664A1

Publication number: US20060005664A1
Application number: US10/532,750
Authority: US
Inventors: Kazuya Maeda; Syuichi Takeda
Original assignee: Cabot Supermetals KK
Current assignee: Cabot Supermetals KK
Priority date: 2002-11-01
Filing date: 2003-10-29
Publication date: 2006-01-12
Also published as: EP1563932A4; EP1563932B1; CN1720114A; AU2003280614A1; EP1563932A1; ATE411859T1; JP2004156060A; DE60324314D1; WO2004039523A1; JP4236906B2; CN1720114B

The present invention provides a method for producing a tantalum or niobium powder which controls releasing and contamination of impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mo, which are derived from a reaction vessel, to a range in which characteristics of tantalum or niobium are not influenced. The method for producing a tantalum or niobium powder of the present invention is a method in which a metal salt containing tantalum or niobium is reduced in a diluent salt to obtain a tantalum or niobium powder, wherein a total percentage of moisture in the metal salt and the diluent salt is 0.2% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of moisture generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for producing a tantalum or niobium powder which may be used for producing an anode electrode for an electrolytic capacitor, and in particular, to a method for producing a tantalum or niobium powder which contains a minimum amount of impurities, and to a method for evaluating raw material or a diluent salt used for the producing method.

BACKGROUND ART

Recently, there is demand for an electronic integrated circuit which can be driven with a low voltage, at high frequency, and with reduced noise. Therefore, there is also demand for a capacitor having a low ESR and a high capacity.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are mainly used as the capacitors. However, because of superior properties, such as low ESR, and high capacity, a tantalum or niobium capacitor, which uses an anode made of tantalum or niobium, has received much attention as a substitute for aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Therefore, production techniques for the metal powder have been extensively developed.
At the present time, a tantalum or niobium powder is generally produced by a method in which metal salts containing tantalum or niobium such as tantalum potassium fluoride, and niobium potassium fluoride, are reduced in a diluent salt using sodium, potassium, or the like at a high temperature of 700° C. or more. This reduction reaction is generally conducted in a reaction vessel made of a nickel alloy or stainless steel.
However, when metal salts containing tantalum or niobium, which is raw material, or a diluent salt contains moisture, the reaction vessel reacts with the moisture. Due to this, impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mo, which are derived from the reaction vessel contaminates a resulting tantalum or niobium powder. When the tantalum or niobium powder containing impurities is used for an anode for an electrolytic capacitor, a problem that performance of the capacitor having the anode decreases arises. Therefore, the raw material and the diluent salt are used after drying. Whether potassium chloride is sufficiently dried or not is generally determined by a drying loss in accordance with JIS-K8121, regarding potassium fluoride is determined by an ignition loss in accordance with JIS-K8815, and regarding the metal salt is determined by a drying loss in accordance with JIS-K0068-5.
Specifically, the drying loss of potassium chloride is measured by using 2.0 g of a sample (the sample weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg) and drying the sample at 110° C. for 2 hours. When the drying loss is 2 mg or less, the potassium chloride is considered as being sufficient dried. The ignition loss of potassium fluoride is measured by weighing and adding 1.0 g of a sample (the sample weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg) in a platinum crucible, drying the sample at 500° C. for 1 hour. When the ignition loss is 10 mg or less, the potassium fluoride is considered as being sufficiently dried. Moisture in the metal salt is measured by heating and drying the sample at 105° C. until the weight of the sample is not changed, and calculating loss weight after drying. The loss weight is considered to be the weight of the moisture.
It is impossible to find out prior documents relating to the present invention.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

When raw material or a diluent salt, which has a very small amount of moisture based on these measurement methods, is used, there is a case in which a tantalum or niobium powder containing much impurities is obtained.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for stably producing a tantalum or niobium powder which has excellent characteristics as an anode of a capacitor, in which contamination by impurities of a tantalum or niobium powder is held to a minimum, which is caused by the reaction between the reaction vessel and moisture contained in a raw material or a diluent salt, and a method for evaluating whether raw material or a diluent salt is suitable for producing a tantalum or niobium powder, and conditions for preventing contamination of impurities.
A method for producing a metal powder is a method in which a metal salt containing tantalum or niobium is reduced in a diluent salt to obtain a tantalum or niobium powder, wherein a total percentage of moisture in the metal salt and the diluent salt is 0.2% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of moisture generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C.
It is preferable that the diluent salt be potassium fluoride or a mixture containing potassium fluoride, and for the moisture in potassium fluoride alone to be 0.15% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.
It is preferable that the metal salt be potassium chloride or a mixture containing potassium chloride, and for the moisture percentage in potassium chloride alone to be 0.05% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.
It is preferable that the diluent salt be tantalum potassium fluoride, and for the moisture percentage in tantalum potassium fluoride alone to be 0.1% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.
It is also preferable that the metal salt be niobium potassium fluoride, and for the moisture percentage in niobium potassium fluoride alone to be 0.1% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.
The metal powder produced by the method of the present invention is suitably used for an anode for an electrolytic capacitor.
A method for evaluating a metal salt of the present invention is a method for evaluating a metal salt containing tantalum or niobium used for producing a tantalum or niobium powder, wherein a moisture percentage in the metal salt is measured based on an amount of moisture which is generated by heating the metal salt to 600° C. or more.
A method for evaluating a metal salt of the present invention is a method for evaluating a metal salt used for producing a tantalum or niobium powder, wherein a moisture percentage in the diluent salt is measured based on an amount of moisture which is generated by heating the metal salt to 600° C. or more.
Below, the present invention is explained in detailed.
The present invention provides a method in which a metal salt containing tantalum or niobium is reduced in a diluent salt using a reducing agent at a high temperature of 700° C. or more, and a tantalum or niobium power is produced, wherein a moisture percentage is measured based on an amount of moisture which is generated by heating the metal salt, which is raw material, and the diluent salt to 600° C. or more, and the metal salt and the diluent salt are evaluated previously whether they are suitable for producing tantalum or niobium powder, and thereby, contamination of impurities, which are generated by a reaction between moisture contained in the metal salt or the diluent salt and the reaction vessel, is held to the minimum to reliably produce metal salt and diluent salt which produce stably metal powder having high purity.
In the method for evaluating a metal salt and a diluent salt, a moisture percentage in the metal salt and the diluent salt is measured based on an amount of water, which is generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C. or more.
When the metal salt and the diluent salt are heated, moisture absorbed in the surface of the metal salt and the diluent salt is desorbed and evaporated at approximately 250° C. or less. When heating is performed continuously, and the temperature reaches approximately 500° C., crystal water incorporated in crystals of the metal salt or the diluent salt is desorbed and starts to evaporate, and desorption of the crystal water is completed at less than 600° C. In other words, it is possible to evaporate not only absorbed water but also crystal water incorporated in the crystals by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C. or more.
Therefore, in order to measure a more exact moisture percentage of the metal salt and the diluent salt, and evaluate whether the metal salt and the diluent salt are suitable for producing a metal powder, it is necessary to determine a moisture percentage based on an amount of water, which is generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C. or more. It is more preferable that whether the metal salt and the diluent salt is suitable for producing a metal powder be evaluated by determining a moisture percentage based on an amount of water, which is generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to a temperature from 600° C. to each melting point.
The reasons are as follows.
When the heating temperature of the metal salt and the diluent is less than 600° C., desorption of crystal water is incomplete, and an exact moisture percentage cannot be measured. When the heating temperature of the metal salt and the diluent salt is more than the boiling point of the metal salt and the diluent salt, the probability that the metal salt and diluent salt react with a measuring device increases, measuring results vary widely, and an exact moisture percentage cannot be determined.
Example of a method for measuring a water content in a metal salt and a diluent salt includes a method in accordance with 4.5 in JIS-K0068 (Test method for water content of chemical products).
Specifically, 1 to 3 g of a sample is weighed, the sample is set in a carburetor, which is directly connected to a moisture measuring device using the Karl Fisher method. The temperature of the carburetor is adjusted to 600° C. or more and less than the boiling point to generate water vapor, and then the water vapor is absorbed in alcohol or the like. After that, the moisture is titrated with a Karl Fisher's reagent.
In this way, the moisture percentage is determined based on an amount of water, which is generated by heating to 600° C. or more, in a simple method such as the Karl Fisher method, and whether the metal salt and the diluent salt are suitably used for producing a metal powder is evaluated.
Conventionally, after heating the metal salt and the diluent to 250° C. or less, the resulting metal salt and diluent salt are used for producing a metal powder. However, crystal water is not desorbed by heating to 250° C. or less, and an exact moisture percentage cannot be measured based on an amount of water, which is generated by heating to 250° C. or less. Due to this, it is impossible to know the amount of impurities contained in the obtained metal powder and whether the obtained metal powder is suitable as a raw material of an anode for an electrolytic capacitor, until the metal powder is actually produced and impurities due to the moisture in the metal powder are practically analyzed.
However, according to the evaluation method of the present invention, an exact moisture percentage in the metal salt and the diluent salt is determined by measuring in the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of water, which is generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C. Thereby, whether the metal powder is suitable as a raw material for an anode of an electrolytic capacitor can be judged.
When the moisture percentage is high, since moisture can be reduced by re-crystallization, a metal salt and a diluent salt, which produce stably a metal powder having high purity and which is suitable for an anode of an electrolytic capacitor, are certainly produced.
The method for producing a metal powder of the present invention is a method in which a tantalum or niobium powder is produced using the metal salt and the diluent salt, which are judged as suitable material for producing a metal powder by the above-mentioned evaluation method.
Example of the metal salt containing tantalum or niobium, is not limited to, but includes, potassium fluoride salts, and halides.
Example of potassium fluoride salts includes tantalum potassium fluoride, and niobium potassium fluoride. Example of halides includes tantalum pentachloride, low-grade tantalum chloride, niobium pentachloride, low-grade niobium chloride, iodides, and bromides. In particular, examples of the metal salt containing niobium include niobium fluoride salts such as niobium potassium fluoride.
Among the metal salts containing tantalum or niobium, tantalum potassium fluoride and niobium potassium fluoride are preferable, because they are stable chemically, and they are less hygroscopic.
Example of the diluent salt used for the reduction reaction includes potassium chloride, potassium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium fluoride, and the like. The diluent salt can be used alone or in combination. Among these diluent salts, potassium chloride, potassium fluoride, and a mixture thereof are preferable, because these diluent salts having high quality can be easily obtained.
Example of the reducing agent used for the reduction reaction includes alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium; hydrides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as magnesium hydride, potassium hydride; and reducing gases such as gas containing hydrogen, and the like.
Below, specific methods for producing a metal powder are explained referring to methods for producing a tantalum powder.
After drying a reaction vessel made of a nickel alloy or stainless steel at approximately 130° C., a mixture salt containing potassium chloride, potassium fluoride, and the like as the diluent salt is put in the reaction vessel. Then tantalum potassium fluoride, which is the metal salt, and raw material, is put in the reaction vessel, and the reaction vessel is covered with a cover, and air inside of the reaction vessel is sufficiently replaced with an inert gas such as argon. After that, they are heated to 800° C. to 900° C. while stirring, and they are melted, and an amount of sodium as a reducing agent, which is sufficient to reduce tantalum potassium fluoride which is put into the reaction vessel previously. Then, the reduction reaction shown in the following formula (1) is conducted.
K₂TaF₇+5Na→2KF+5NaF+Ta (1)
In the present invention, a metal powder is produced by using the metal salt and the diluent salt which have a moisture percentage of 0.2% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method based on the amount of moisture generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C.
The Karl Fisher method is a method for measuring an amount of water using a Karl Fisher's agent, which is a quantitative agent for water. The Karl Fisher's agent is a mixture agent containing iodine, sulfur dioxide, and pyridine at molar ratio of 1:3:10 (iodine: sulfur dioxide: pyridine). An amount of water contained in a sample is exactly measured by using 1 mol of iodine (I₂) to react with 1 mol of water (H₂O), and titrating the sample, in which water is dissolved in alcohol, with the Karl Fisher's agent.
The end point of titration is determined visually, a different-metal electrodes potentiometric titration method, a constant voltage polarizing current titration, and the like.
Specifically, an amount of water is measured by weighing 1 to 3 g of a sample, arranging the sample in a carburetor in a blow-box.
Moisture adhered to the sample during a sampling process is evaporated by heating to 100° C. to 150° C. The amount of moisture is measured by the Karl Fisher's moisture evaporation method. After that, the sample is heated to 600° C. or more, and the amount of moisture generated is similarly measured by the Karl Fisher's moisture evaporation method. Due to this, the amount of moisture in the reduction reaction is exactly measured.
When the total moisture percentage under high temperature conditions such that crystal water incorporated in crystals of the metal salt and the diluent salt is desorbed is 0.2% by mass or less, and the metal salt is reduced in the diluent salt, the amount of water generated from the metal salt and the diluent salt is very small. As a result, it is possible to maintain the amount of impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Mo, which are generated by the reaction between the water and the reaction vessel used for the reduction reaction to minimum, and to decrease the contamination by impurities of a tantalum or niobium powder to 20 ppm or less.
In addition, it is possible to produce a capacitor having low leakage current and high pressure resistance by using a tantalum powder or niobium powder containing less impurity contamination to form an anode.
When a tantalum powder or niobium powder is produced by using a metal salt and a diluent salt, which has total moisture percentage of more than 0.2% by mass, a large amount of water is generated from the metal salt and the diluent salt during the reduction reaction, the resulting tantalum powder or niobium powder is contaminated with a large amount of impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mo.
When the tantalum powder or niobium powder containing a large amount of impurities is used to produce an anode, leakage current increases and pressure resistance deteriorates in the resulting capacitor. Therefore, the resulting tantalum powder and niobium powder are not suitable for raw material of an anode.
In the present invention, it is preferable for the diluent salt to be potassium fluoride or a mixture containing potassium fluoride, which has a moisture percentage determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of water generated by heating to 600° C.
It is preferable that the diluent salt be potassium chloride or a mixture containing potassium chloride, and for the moisture percentage in potassium chloride, which is determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of water generated by heating to 600° C. to be 0.05% by mass.
It is preferable that the metal salt for production of a tantalum powder be tantalum potassium fluoride, and for the moisture percentage in the tantalum potassium fluoride, which is determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of water generated by heating to 600° C. to be 0.1% by mass.
It is also preferable that the metal salt for production of a niobium powder be niobium potassium fluoride, and for the moisture percentage in the niobium potassium fluoride, which is determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of water generated by heating to 600° C. to be 0.1% by mass.
In particular, when these diluent salts and metal salts are used, an anode contaminated with less amount of impurities is produced, and a capacitor having excellent electric characteristics is produced.
The reduction reaction may include processes of subdividing the metal salt, which is raw material, and the reducing agent, and reacting small amounts thereof repeatedly, and thereby the reduction reaction is completed, other than the above-mentioned processes. Reducing gas such as gas containing hydrogen as the reducing agent may also be introduced in the reaction vessel.
After the reduction reaction is completed, the content is cooled. The obtained agglomerate is washed with water and an acidulous aqueous solution repeatedly, and thereby the diluent salt is removed, and a metal powder is produced. In this case, if necessary, a separation process, such as centrifugation, or filtration may be combined, and the particles may be washed with a solution containing hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide, or the like.
The resulting tantalum or niobium metal powder may be subjected to pre-treatments such as a heat coagulation treatment, or a deoxidation treatment, a gradual oxidation stabilization treatment. After that, the treated metal powder is molded, and sintered, and thereby a porous sintered body is produced. Below, examples of the specific method are explained.
The heat coagulation treatment is performed by heating and coagulating ultra-fine particles in the metal powder in vacuum in order to form secondary particles having a relatively large particle diameter. A porous sintered body, which is made by molding and sintering relative large secondary particles, has pores, which are larger than pores of a porous sintered body made of the ultra-fine particles. When the porous sintered body is used for an anode of an electrolytic capacitor, an electrolytic solution penetrates through the pores and spreads the inside of the porous sintered body. Due to this, the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor is improved. Impurities such as sodium, and magnesium, which are derived from the diluent salt, are removed by heating in a vacuum.
The heat coagulation treatment is generally performed by heating the metal powder to 1,000° C. to 1,600° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours in a vacuum. Before the heat coagulation treatment, a pre-coagulation treatment, in which an amount of water, which is sufficient to uniformly moisten the whole of the metal powder, is added while vibrating, is also performed. It is also possible to coagulate with heat while fusion growth of the primary particles is prevented and high surface area is maintained by adding previously approximately 10 to 300 ppm of phosphorus, boron, and the like to the metal powder.
After that, powders in a cake state, which is obtained by the heat coagulation, are crushed in air or inert gas, and a reducing agent such as magnesium is added. Thereby, oxygen in the powders and the reducing agent are reacted, and deoxidation is performed. The oxidation is performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon at the melting point of the reducing agent or more for 1 to 6 hours.
Then, during the cooling process, which is performed after the deoxidation treatment, the gradual oxidation stabilization treatment is performed by introducing air in argon gas. After that, residues in the powder, which are derived from the reducing agent such as magnesium, and magnesium oxide, are removed by acid cleaning.
After the heat coagulation treatment, deoxidation treatment, and gradual oxidation stabilization treatment are performed in this way, about 3 to 5% by weight of camphor (C₁₀H₁₆O) as a binder is added to the powder and press-molded. The resulting molding is sintered by heating to 1,000° C. to 1,800° C. for about 0.3 to 1 hour, and thereby a porous sintered body is produced. The sintering temperature is adjusted depending on kinds of the metal powder, and surface area of the powder.
When the porous sintered body is used for an anode of an electrolytic capacitor, before press molding of the metal powder, a lead wire is embedded in the powder and they are press molded, and sintered, and thereby the lead wire is integrated. Then, porous sintered body is subjected to a chemical conversion oxidation treatment by increasing voltage to a certain voltage, for example under conditions in which the temperature is 30 to 90° C., in an electrolytic solution such as phosphoric acid, nitric acid having a concentration of about 0.1% by mass, the current density is 40 to 80 mA/g, and the treating time is 1 to 3 hours. After that, an solid electrolytic layer such as manganese dioxide, lead oxide, and conductive polymer, a graphite layer, a silver paste layer is laminated on the porous sintered body in this order, a cathode terminal is connected on the laminated porous sintered body by soldering, and a resin cover is formed, and thereby this is used as an anode for an electrolytic capacitor.
The resulting anode for an electrolytic capacitor produced in this way has excellent characteristics such as less leakage current and high pressure resistance.

EXAMPLE

Below, the present invention is explained in detail with examples.

Example 1

After drying a reaction vessel made of a nickel alloy at 130° C., potassium fluoride having a moisture percentage of 0.15% by mass and potassium chloride having a moisture percentage of 0.03% by mass were filled in the reaction vessel as a diluent salt such that the mixture ratio in weight is 1:1. Niobium potassium fluoride having a moisture percentage of 0.2% by mass as a metal salt, which is a raw material, was filled in the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel was covered with a cover, and air inside of the reaction vessel was changed sufficiently with argon gas. After melting by increasing the temperature to 800° C., an amount of sodium, which is in excess of 1% by mass above the amount required to reduce niobium potassium fluoride, was added, and niobium potassium fluoride was reduced. After cooling, the cover was opened, the product was washed with water, and then washed with a mixed acid, and thereby niobium powder containing impurities shown in Table 1 was obtained.
The moisture percentage of the diluent salt and the metal salt was measured as follows. Approximately 1 to 3 g of a sample was weighed, the sample was set in a carburetor in a blow-box. Moisture, which was adhered to the sample at the sampling process, was heated to 100° C. to 150° C., and thereby the moisture was evaporated. An amount of the evaporated water was measured by the Karl Fisher moisture evaporation method. After that, the sample was heated to 600° C. or more, and moisture generated was similarly measured by the Karl Fisher's moisture evaporation method.
An amount of impurities in the niobium powder was measured by dissolving the sample in hydrofluoric acid solution, and performing ICP mass spectrometry. The measuring method is as follows.
A sample was weighed and added to a beaker, 8 ml of hydrofluoric acid was added, and then this was covered with a watch glass. After that, 2 ml of nitric acid was subdivided and added, and the sample was heated and decomposed. After letting it stand and cool, the entire low surface of the watch glass and the inside of the beaker were washed with water. The obtained solution was poured in a 100 ml-flask using water, and diluted with water to a marked line. A part of the solution was sprayed in an argon plasma in an ICP emission spectrophotometer. Strength of emission spectrum of determined elements at wavelength suitable for each determined element was measured at measuring conditions (concentration) based on reproducibility standard at minimum and maximum ranges of determination, which is measured based on relative standard deviation of each determined element. Using a sample for a calibration curve, a blank test was also performed. After dissolving 1.000 g of the sample for a calibration curve in hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, a standard solution for determined element was added. The added amount of the standard solution relative to 500 μg of the sample to be analyzed was 5.0 ml. A line showing the relationship between the strength of the emission spectrum of determined element and the added amount of the determined element in the solution for calibration curve was made and this was used as a calibration curve. The amount of the each determined element was calculated based on the strength of the emission spectrum obtained from the sample solution and in the blank test, and the calibration curve, and the amount of the determined elements in the sample was calculated by the following formula. $E = \frac{A_{1} - (A_{2} - A_{3})}{m} \times 100$
Wherein E denotes the percentage content of the determined element [% (m/m)];
A₁denotes the detected amount of the determined element of the sample solution [g];
A₂denotes the detected amount of the determined element of the solution in the blank test [g];
A₃denotes the amount of the determined element in 1.000 g of the sample for a calibration curve [g]; and
m denotes the weight of the sample [g]

TABLE 1

Fe Ni Cr Mo Total

Impurities in 6 8 3 3 20

Nb powder

(ppm)
Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 After drying the reaction vessel made of a nickel alloy at 130° C., the reduction reactions were performed in a manner identical to that of Example 1, except that the diluent salts and the metal salts having the moisture percentage shown in Table 2 were used. As a result, the tantalum powders containing impurities shown in Table 2 were produced.

The amount of water generated by heating the diluent salts and the metal salts to 200° C. was measured by the Karl Fisher method. The results are also shown in Table 2.

	Moisture		Moisture	in diluent salt	impurities in	diluent salt and
	percentage		percentage	and metal salt	metal powder	metal salt at 200° C.

	Kinds	(% by mass)	Kinds	(% by mass)	(% by mass)	(ppm)	(% by mass)

Example	potassium chloride +	0.03	tantalum	0.02	0.05	13	0.03
2	potassium fluoride		potassium
			fluoride
Example	potassium chloride +	0.1	niobium	0.05	0.15	18	0.03
3	potassium fluoride		potassium
			fluoride
Example	potassium chloride +	0.03	tantalum	0.02	0.05	14	0.08
4	potassium fluoride		potassium
			fluoride
Example	potassium chloride +	0.1	niobium	0.05	0.15	17	0.08
5	potassium fluoride		potassium
			fluoride
Example	potassium chloride +	0.03	tantalum	0.02	0.05	16	0.13
6	potassium fluoride		potassium
			fluoride
Example	potassium chloride +	0.1	niobium	0.05	0.15	20	0.13
7	potassium fluoride		potassium
			fluoride
Comparative	potassium chloride +	0.2	tantalum
Example	potassium fluoride		potassium	0.05	0.25	58	0.03
1			fluoride
Comparative	potassium chloride +	0.2	tantalum
Example	potassium fluoride		potassium	0.05	0.25	88	0.08
2			fluoride
Comparative	potassium chloride +	0.2	tantalum
Example	potassium fluoride		potassium	0.05	0.25	110	0.13
3			fluoride

As shown in Table 1, the niobium powder produced in the Example 1 has small amount of impurities and has sufficient purity for an anode of an electrolyte capacitor.
It is clear from Table 2 that the metal powder, which was produced using the diluent salt and the metal salt containing the total moisture percentage of less than 0.2% by mass, has high purity. In addition, when the samples, which have the same total moisture percentage at 200° C., were heated to 600° C., they had different moisture percentages, that is, the moisture percentage, which is a focus of the present invention, is different. It was found that the amount of impurities contained in the tantalum powder is correlated with the moisture percentage, which is calculated based on the amount of water generated at 600° C., and is not correlated with the moisture percentage which is calculated based on the amount of water generated at 200° C.
Therefore, it is clear that sufficient drying is not carried out at 250° C. or less, which is the prior temperature of drying. As a result, moisture remaining in the crystal of the metal salt and the diluent salt reacts with the reaction vessel. Due to this, compared with the metal powder produced by the method of the present invention, the tantalum or niobium powder produced by the prior method contains larger amounts of impurities such as Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mo, which are derived from the reaction vessel.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the method for evaluating metal salt and diluent salt, and the method for producing a metal powder, the metal salt and the diluent salt, which are suitable for producing metal powder, can be used. Therefore, it is possible to prevent releasing and contamination of the impurities generated by the reaction between the reaction vessel and the moisture so as to be minimal and to stably obtain a metal powder having high purity. The porous sintered body made by the metal powder may be used for an anode of an electrolytic capacitor, which has excellent characteristics such as little leakage of current and high capacity, which are desired by industry.

Diluent salt

Metal salt

Total moisture

Total moisture in

1. A method for producing a tantalum or niobium powder in which a metal salt containing tantalum or niobium is reduced in a diluent salt to obtain a tantalum or niobium powder,

wherein the total percentage of moisture in the metal salt and the diluent salt is 0.2% by mass or less as determined by the Karl Fisher method based on an amount of moisture generated by heating the metal salt and the diluent salt to 600° C.

2. A method for producing tantalum or niobium powder according to claim 1, wherein the diluent salt is potassium fluoride or a mixture containing potassium fluoride, and the moisture percentage in potassium fluoride alone is 0.15% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.

3. A method for producing tantalum or niobium powder according to claim 1, wherein the diluent salt is potassium chloride or a mixture containing potassium chloride, and the moisture percentage in potassium chloride alone is 0.05% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.

4. A method for producing tantalum or niobium powder according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt is tantalum potassium fluoride, and the moisture percentage in tantalum potassium fluoride alone is 0.1% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.

5. A method for producing tantalum or niobium powder according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt is niobium potassium fluoride, and the moisture percentage in potassium fluoride alone is 0.1% by mass or less, as determined by the Karl Fisher method.

6. An anode for an electrolytic capacitor comprising the metal powder produced by the method of claim 1.

7. A method for evaluating a metal salt containing tantalum or niobium used for producing a tantalum or niobium powder, wherein a moisture percentage in a metal salt is measured based on an amount of moisture which is generated by heating the metal salt to 600° C. or more.

8. A method for evaluating a diluent salt used for producing a tantalum or niobium powder, wherein a moisture percentage in a diluent salt is measured based on an amount of moisture which is generated by heating the diluent salt to 600° C. or more.