US20060116137A1 - Remote control system in mobile communication terminal and method thereof - Google Patents
Remote control system in mobile communication terminal and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US20060116137A1 US20060116137A1 US11/336,784 US33678406A US2006116137A1 US 20060116137 A1 US20060116137 A1 US 20060116137A1 US 33678406 A US33678406 A US 33678406A US 2006116137 A1 US2006116137 A1 US 2006116137A1
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- Prior art keywords
- remote control
- mobile communication
- communication terminal
- control command
- page message
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
- H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
- H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
- H04W8/245—Transfer of terminal data from a network towards a terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/66—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling
- H04M1/667—Preventing unauthorised calls from a telephone set
- H04M1/67—Preventing unauthorised calls from a telephone set by electronic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile communication system, and more particularly, to a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof.
- channels used for a forward link include a pilot channel, a synchronization channel, a paging channel, and a traffic channel.
- channels used for a reverse link include an access channel and a traffic channel.
- the pilot channel exists in every base station or sector, and is emitted continuously. When a power of a mobile communication terminal is turned on, the mobile communication terminal comes into meeting the pilot channel.
- the pilot channel is previously fixed to one of sixty-four Walsh codes so that the mobile communication terminal is easily synchronized with the pilot channel. Synchronized with the pilot channel is achieved, the mobile communication terminal comes into meeting the synchronization channel.
- the synchronization channel is always emitted from the base station continuously, and fixed to one of sixty-four Walsh codes so that the mobile communication terminal is easily synchronized with the synchronization channel.
- the mobile communication terminal receives a long code synchronization information inside the base station which is the most important communication information with the base station, a current system time, a data rate of a paging channel, and the like from the synchronization channel.
- the mobile communication terminal sets up a system time using the transferred message from the synchronization channel for a precise communication with the base station, and then starts to search the paging channel.
- the paging channel is continuously emitted from the base station.
- the base station and the mobile communication terminal exchange various parameters and information with each other using the paging channel so as to maintain a continuous communication relationship each other.
- the base station transfers a voice call to the mobile communication terminal using the paging channel.
- Messages transmitted through the paging channel include a system overhead message, a page message, and a channel allocation message for allocation of the traffic channel.
- the traffic channel is a channel through which data to be transmitted/received are substantially transferred.
- the access channel is a channel used when the mobile communication terminal tries a call to the base station. Information about originating transmission for call trial, response, and registration us transmitted/received through the access channel.
- the mobile communication terminal sends/receives messages to/from the mobile communication system through the forward and reverse link channels so as to be provided with a mobile communication service.
- a subscriber who loses or is robbed of the mobile communication terminal, fail to control the mobile communication terminal remotely in direct, whereby someone holding the mobile communication terminal can use the mobile communication terminal arbitrarily.
- a service personnel of the service center controls the mobile communication terminal to stop servicing.
- the service personnel gain access to a data base system to change the subscriber's registration information so as to stop the service of the mobile communication terminal.
- the subscriber's registration information handles by the data base system in the mobile communication system is not changed by the subscriber directly but by the authorized service personnel.
- a service stop of the mobile communication terminal can not be regarded as an active use of the mobile communication terminal by the subscriber.
- the subscriber generally uses the mobile communication terminal passively.
- a remote control method of the mobile communication terminal so as to minimize the loss or damage caused by a random use of the mobile communication terminal by a stranger as well as enable the subscriber use the mobile communication terminal actively.
- the present invention is directed to a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof enabling a user to use the mobile communication terminal not only passively but also actively.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof enabling to minimize the random use or loss of the mobile communication terminal by a stranger by having the subscriber control remotely the lost mobile communication terminal using Internet.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof enabling to minimize a system change as well as control the mobile communication terminal remotely by transmitting information for remote control of the mobile communication terminal using a previously used page message.
- a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal includes a computer receiving a remote control command for controlling the mobile communication terminal from a subscriber, a remote control server generating a page message using the inputted remote control command, a base station transmitting the page message transmitted from the remote control server, and a mobile communication terminal operating in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message transmitted from the base station.
- a remote control method of a mobile communication terminal includes a first step of transmitting a remote control command inputted from a subscriber to the mobile communication terminal using a page message and a second step of operating the mobile communication terminal in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message.
- a remote control method of a mobile communication terminal includes a first step of receiving a remote control command from a subscriber, a second step of recording the remote control command in a reserved field of the page message, a third step of transmitting the page message to the mobile communication terminal, and a fourth step of operating the mobile communication terminal in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message.
- a page message for controlling a mobile communication terminal remotely includes a first field indicating a sequence of a configuration message, a second field indicating a sequence of an access message, a third field paging all mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 0”, a fourth field paging other mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 1”, a fifth field paging a mobile communication terminal using a temporary mobile station identity (TMSI), a sixth field paging all mobile communication terminals of TMSI class in ascending numerical order, a seventh field for broadcast pages, a reserved field of four bits for recording a remote control command inputted from a subscriber so as to control the mobile communication terminal remotely, an eighth field indicating a length of a specific field added to a page message, and a ninth field indicating the added specific field.
- TMSI temporary mobile station identity
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a table for a general page message
- FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary table of control values set up in a four bits reserved field of a page message according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary table of control values for a mobile communication terminal remote control
- FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a mobile communication terminal remote control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal includes a computer 10 receiving a remote control command from a subscriber, a remote control server 30 generating a page message using the remote control command when the inputted remote control command is received through Internet 20 , a base station 40 transmitting the page message transmitted from the remote control server 30 , and a mobile communication terminal 50 operating in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message transmitted from the base station 40 .
- the remote control server 30 connected to a mobile switching center (MSC) of a mobile communication system transmits the remote control command inputted by the subscriber to the mobile communication terminal 50 using a general page message in the message transmitted through a paging channel.
- MSC mobile switching center
- FIG. 2 illustrates a table for a general page message.
- a general page message includes a CONFIG_MSG_SEQ field indicating a sequence of a configuration message, an ACC_MSG_SEQ field indicating a sequence of an access message, a CLSS — 0_DONE field paging all mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 0”, a CLASS — 1_DONE field paging all mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 1”, a TMSI_DONE field paging a mobile communication terminal using a temporary mobile station identity (TMSI), an ORDERED_TMSIS field paging all mobile communication terminals of TMSI class in ascending numerical order, a BROADCAST_DONE field for broadcast pages, a reserved field of four bits, an ADD_LENGTH field indicating a length of a specific field added to a page message, and an ADD_PFIELD field indicating the added specific field.
- TMSI temporary mobile station identity
- a mobile communication terminal and a base station exchange the above-constituted general page message with each other in general thereby enabling to cope with a call receiving or a call transmitting promptly.
- the present invention enables the subscriber to control his mobile communication terminal remotely using the 4-bits reserved field.
- FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary table of control values set up in a 4-bits reserved field of a page message according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 0000 is an unknown value
- 0001 is a control value for turning on a power of the mobile communication terminal 50
- 0010 is a control value for turning off the power of the mobile communication terminal 50
- 0011 is a control value for operating the mobile communication terminal 50 as being locked.
- FIG. 3B illustrates an example that another control value “0100” is added thereto so that a warning message is displayed by the mobile communication terminal 50 .
- the reserved field of the above page message consists of four bits, thereby enabling to set up sixteen kinds of control values.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a mobile communication terminal remote control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a subscriber wanting to control the mobile communication terminal 50 remotely tries to gain access to a remote control server 30 using a computer 10 .
- the computer 10 requests the remote control server 30 to execute a subscriber authentication (S 11 ).
- the remote control server 30 executes the subscriber authentication using the subscriber registration information inputted from the computer 10 , and then informs the computer 10 of a subscriber authentication success when the subscriber authentication succeeds (S 12 ).
- the subscriber inputs a remote control command for controlling the mobile communication terminal 50 remotely to the computer 10 , and then the computer 10 transmits the remote control command to the remote control server 30 through Internet 20 (S 13 ).
- the remote control server 30 generates a page message using the transmitted remote control command. Namely, the remote control server 30 sets a control value representing the remote control command in a 4-bits reserved field of the page message (S! 4 ), and then transmits the page message to the base station 40 (S 15 ).
- the base station 40 parses the reserved field of the page message so as to check whether the page message is a general page message or another message including the remote control command to be transmitted to a mobile communication terminal (S 16 ), and then transmits the page message to the corresponding mobile communication terminal 50 (S 17 ).
- the mobile communication terminal 50 parses the received page message so as to judge a species of the page message (S 18 ). Namely, the mobile communication terminal 50 judges whether the received page message is a page message for a voice calling, a receiving standby, or a subscriber's remote control. If the received page message is for the subscriber's remote control, the mobile communication terminal 50 analyzes the reserved field of the page message so as to extract the remote control command (S 19 ).
- a main control unit (not shown in FIG. 1 ) of the mobile communication terminal 50 transmits the extracted remote control command to a user interfacing unit (UI) of the mobile communication terminal 50 , and the user interfacing unit controls a state of the mobile communication terminal 50 in accordance with the transmitted remote control command. For instance, if the remote control command is a power-off command, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B , the user interfacing unit turns off the power of the mobile communication terminal 50 . If the remote control command is a locking command, the user interfacing unit makes the mobile communication terminal 50 be locked (S 20 ).
- UI user interfacing unit
- the remote control system in the mobile communication terminal records the subscriber's remote control command inputted through Internet in the reserved field of the page message, and then transmits the recorded remote control command to the corresponding mobile communication terminal. Therefore, the user enables to control the mobile communication terminal remotely.
- the command for the remote control of the mobile communication terminal received from the subscriber is transmitted to the mobile communication terminal, whereby the subscriber enables to control remotely the mobile communication terminal.
- the present invention enables to prevent an unauthorized use of the mobile communication terminal by a stranger or minimize the corresponding subscriber's damage or loss when the mobile communication terminal is lost or missing.
- the remote control command for controlling the mobile communication terminal is transmitted using the reserved field of the page message which is previously used in general, thereby enabling to minimize a system modification as well as control the mobile communication terminal remotely.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a mobile communication system, and more particularly, to a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof.
- 2. Background of the Related Art
- Generally, channels used for a forward link include a pilot channel, a synchronization channel, a paging channel, and a traffic channel. And, channels used for a reverse link include an access channel and a traffic channel.
- The pilot channel exists in every base station or sector, and is emitted continuously. When a power of a mobile communication terminal is turned on, the mobile communication terminal comes into meeting the pilot channel. The pilot channel is previously fixed to one of sixty-four Walsh codes so that the mobile communication terminal is easily synchronized with the pilot channel. Synchronized with the pilot channel is achieved, the mobile communication terminal comes into meeting the synchronization channel.
- The synchronization channel is always emitted from the base station continuously, and fixed to one of sixty-four Walsh codes so that the mobile communication terminal is easily synchronized with the synchronization channel. The mobile communication terminal receives a long code synchronization information inside the base station which is the most important communication information with the base station, a current system time, a data rate of a paging channel, and the like from the synchronization channel. The mobile communication terminal sets up a system time using the transferred message from the synchronization channel for a precise communication with the base station, and then starts to search the paging channel.
- The paging channel is continuously emitted from the base station. The base station and the mobile communication terminal exchange various parameters and information with each other using the paging channel so as to maintain a continuous communication relationship each other. Besides, the base station transfers a voice call to the mobile communication terminal using the paging channel. Messages transmitted through the paging channel include a system overhead message, a page message, and a channel allocation message for allocation of the traffic channel.
- The traffic channel is a channel through which data to be transmitted/received are substantially transferred.
- The access channel is a channel used when the mobile communication terminal tries a call to the base station. Information about originating transmission for call trial, response, and registration us transmitted/received through the access channel.
- The mobile communication terminal sends/receives messages to/from the mobile communication system through the forward and reverse link channels so as to be provided with a mobile communication service.
- Yet, a subscriber, who loses or is robbed of the mobile communication terminal, fail to control the mobile communication terminal remotely in direct, whereby someone holding the mobile communication terminal can use the mobile communication terminal arbitrarily.
- Moreover, only when the subscriber calls a service center personally to ask stop providing the service of the lost mobile communication terminal, a service personnel of the service center controls the mobile communication terminal to stop servicing. In this case, the service personnel gain access to a data base system to change the subscriber's registration information so as to stop the service of the mobile communication terminal. The subscriber's registration information handles by the data base system in the mobile communication system is not changed by the subscriber directly but by the authorized service personnel. Hence, such a service stop of the mobile communication terminal can not be regarded as an active use of the mobile communication terminal by the subscriber.
- Thus, in a general mobile communication system, the subscriber generally uses the mobile communication terminal passively.
- Therefore, required is a remote control method of the mobile communication terminal so as to minimize the loss or damage caused by a random use of the mobile communication terminal by a stranger as well as enable the subscriber use the mobile communication terminal actively.
- Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof enabling a user to use the mobile communication terminal not only passively but also actively.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof enabling to minimize the random use or loss of the mobile communication terminal by a stranger by having the subscriber control remotely the lost mobile communication terminal using Internet.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof enabling to minimize a system change as well as control the mobile communication terminal remotely by transmitting information for remote control of the mobile communication terminal using a previously used page message.
- Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
- To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal according to the present invention includes a computer receiving a remote control command for controlling the mobile communication terminal from a subscriber, a remote control server generating a page message using the inputted remote control command, a base station transmitting the page message transmitted from the remote control server, and a mobile communication terminal operating in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message transmitted from the base station.
- In another aspect of the present invention, a remote control method of a mobile communication terminal includes a first step of transmitting a remote control command inputted from a subscriber to the mobile communication terminal using a page message and a second step of operating the mobile communication terminal in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message.
- In a further aspect of the present invention, a remote control method of a mobile communication terminal includes a first step of receiving a remote control command from a subscriber, a second step of recording the remote control command in a reserved field of the page message, a third step of transmitting the page message to the mobile communication terminal, and a fourth step of operating the mobile communication terminal in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message.
- In another further aspect of the present invention, a page message for controlling a mobile communication terminal remotely includes a first field indicating a sequence of a configuration message, a second field indicating a sequence of an access message, a third field paging all mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 0”, a fourth field paging other mobile communication terminals allocated to “
page class 1”, a fifth field paging a mobile communication terminal using a temporary mobile station identity (TMSI), a sixth field paging all mobile communication terminals of TMSI class in ascending numerical order, a seventh field for broadcast pages, a reserved field of four bits for recording a remote control command inputted from a subscriber so as to control the mobile communication terminal remotely, an eighth field indicating a length of a specific field added to a page message, and a ninth field indicating the added specific field. - It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
- The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a table for a general page message; -
FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary table of control values set up in a four bits reserved field of a page message according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary table of control values for a mobile communication terminal remote control; and -
FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a mobile communication terminal remote control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal includes acomputer 10 receiving a remote control command from a subscriber, aremote control server 30 generating a page message using the remote control command when the inputted remote control command is received through Internet 20, abase station 40 transmitting the page message transmitted from theremote control server 30, and amobile communication terminal 50 operating in accordance with the remote control command included in the page message transmitted from thebase station 40. - In the present invention, the
remote control server 30 connected to a mobile switching center (MSC) of a mobile communication system transmits the remote control command inputted by the subscriber to themobile communication terminal 50 using a general page message in the message transmitted through a paging channel. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a table for a general page message. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , a general page message includes a CONFIG_MSG_SEQ field indicating a sequence of a configuration message, an ACC_MSG_SEQ field indicating a sequence of an access message, a CLSS—0_DONE field paging all mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 0”, a CLASS—1_DONE field paging all mobile communication terminals allocated to “page class 1”, a TMSI_DONE field paging a mobile communication terminal using a temporary mobile station identity (TMSI), an ORDERED_TMSIS field paging all mobile communication terminals of TMSI class in ascending numerical order, a BROADCAST_DONE field for broadcast pages, a reserved field of four bits, an ADD_LENGTH field indicating a length of a specific field added to a page message, and an ADD_PFIELD field indicating the added specific field. - A mobile communication terminal and a base station exchange the above-constituted general page message with each other in general thereby enabling to cope with a call receiving or a call transmitting promptly.
- The present invention enables the subscriber to control his mobile communication terminal remotely using the 4-bits reserved field.
-
FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary table of control values set up in a 4-bits reserved field of a page message according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 3A , “0000” is an unknown value, “0001” is a control value for turning on a power of themobile communication terminal 50, “0010” is a control value for turning off the power of themobile communication terminal 50, and “0011” is a control value for operating themobile communication terminal 50 as being locked. - With the control values shown in
FIG. 3A ,FIG. 3B illustrates an example that another control value “0100” is added thereto so that a warning message is displayed by themobile communication terminal 50. - The reserved field of the above page message consists of four bits, thereby enabling to set up sixteen kinds of control values.
- Operation of the remote control system in the mobile communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention is explained by referring to
FIG. 4 as follows. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a mobile communication terminal remote control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , when amobile communication terminal 50 is lost or missing, a subscriber wanting to control themobile communication terminal 50 remotely tries to gain access to aremote control server 30 using acomputer 10. - Receiving subscriber registration information such as a phone number of the
mobile communication terminal 50, an identity (ID), social security number, and the like from the subscriber, thecomputer 10 requests theremote control server 30 to execute a subscriber authentication (S11). - The
remote control server 30 executes the subscriber authentication using the subscriber registration information inputted from thecomputer 10, and then informs thecomputer 10 of a subscriber authentication success when the subscriber authentication succeeds (S12). - With the success of the subscriber authentication, the subscriber inputs a remote control command for controlling the
mobile communication terminal 50 remotely to thecomputer 10, and then thecomputer 10 transmits the remote control command to theremote control server 30 through Internet 20(S13). - The
remote control server 30 generates a page message using the transmitted remote control command. Namely, theremote control server 30 sets a control value representing the remote control command in a 4-bits reserved field of the page message (S!4), and then transmits the page message to the base station 40(S15). - The
base station 40 parses the reserved field of the page message so as to check whether the page message is a general page message or another message including the remote control command to be transmitted to a mobile communication terminal (S16), and then transmits the page message to the corresponding mobile communication terminal 50(S17). - The
mobile communication terminal 50 parses the received page message so as to judge a species of the page message (S18). Namely, themobile communication terminal 50 judges whether the received page message is a page message for a voice calling, a receiving standby, or a subscriber's remote control. If the received page message is for the subscriber's remote control, themobile communication terminal 50 analyzes the reserved field of the page message so as to extract the remote control command (S19). - A main control unit (not shown in
FIG. 1 ) of themobile communication terminal 50 transmits the extracted remote control command to a user interfacing unit (UI) of themobile communication terminal 50, and the user interfacing unit controls a state of themobile communication terminal 50 in accordance with the transmitted remote control command. For instance, if the remote control command is a power-off command, as shown inFIG. 3A andFIG. 3B , the user interfacing unit turns off the power of themobile communication terminal 50. If the remote control command is a locking command, the user interfacing unit makes themobile communication terminal 50 be locked (S20). - The remote control system in the mobile communication terminal according to the present invention records the subscriber's remote control command inputted through Internet in the reserved field of the page message, and then transmits the recorded remote control command to the corresponding mobile communication terminal. Therefore, the user enables to control the mobile communication terminal remotely.
- Accordingly, in a remote control system in a mobile communication terminal and method thereof according to the present invention, the command for the remote control of the mobile communication terminal received from the subscriber is transmitted to the mobile communication terminal, whereby the subscriber enables to control remotely the mobile communication terminal.
- Moreover, as the subscriber enables to control remotely the mobile communication terminal, the present invention enables to prevent an unauthorized use of the mobile communication terminal by a stranger or minimize the corresponding subscriber's damage or loss when the mobile communication terminal is lost or missing.
- Besides, the remote control command for controlling the mobile communication terminal is transmitted using the reserved field of the page message which is previously used in general, thereby enabling to minimize a system modification as well as control the mobile communication terminal remotely.
- The forgoing embodiments are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teachings can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (16)
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Also Published As
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KR20030008243A (en) | 2003-01-25 |
US7050797B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 |
US7366506B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
US20030013485A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
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