US20060122630A1 - Navigation of medical instrument - Google Patents
Navigation of medical instrument Download PDFInfo
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- US20060122630A1 US20060122630A1 US11/338,044 US33804406A US2006122630A1 US 20060122630 A1 US20060122630 A1 US 20060122630A1 US 33804406 A US33804406 A US 33804406A US 2006122630 A1 US2006122630 A1 US 2006122630A1
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- insertion channel
- instrument insertion
- positioned relative
- fixedly positioned
- positioning markers
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- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000761557 Lamina Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
- A61B90/11—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis with guides for needles or instruments, e.g. arcuate slides or ball joints
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
- A61B2017/3405—Needle locating or guiding means using mechanical guide means
- A61B2017/3407—Needle locating or guiding means using mechanical guide means including a base for support on the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2055—Optical tracking systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/067—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring angles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3937—Visible markers
Definitions
- FIGS. 2, 3 , 4 , and 5 show a device ensuring a minimally-invasive approach to the brain through a hole in the top of the skull.
- the neuro trocar is manufactured of titanium alloy, so that it is depicted as a homogenous formation with indistinct rim demarcation in the MR image. A three-dimensional orientation is difficult to assess. This, however, is highly essential, with the neuro trocar, unlike a stereotactic system, having no own reference point as it is fixed to the patient.
- the invention presented herein aims to solve these and other problems.
- the subject invention pertains to a device for inserting medical instruments into the human body.
- the subject device can be made from a material which is invisible under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
- MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- the subject device can incorporate three or more MRI compatible markers. The imaging of these three or more markers can allow the determination of the orientation of the device. A virtual image of the device can then be shown in an MRI image.
- FIG. 1 shows a problem of navigation.
- FIG. 2 shows navigation points at a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows navigation points at the instrument insertion channel of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows angle measurement between instrument insertion channel and device in accordance with and embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows navigation with active and passive material contrast in accordance with and embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a device with a stabilization channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows attachment of MRI markers to the combination of device, instrument and angle measuring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows linear propulsion at the instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 a shows a device ensuring tilting motions of the instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 b shows a sectional image of an embodiment of a device ensuring tilting motions.
- FIG. 10 shows a device with double-walled and contrast medium-filled top on the instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows adevice with motor-powered adjustable instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the problem of the conventional neuro trocar being not sufficiently identifiably with regard to its orientation within the MRI, as described in patent DE 197 26 141, can be solved by designing a device of a material that is totally invisible under MRI. If then a minimum of three MRI compatible points are marked on it, an exact orientation can be determined by these three points; its position in the MRI procedure can be precisely assessed, and a virtual image of the trocar can be shown in the MRI picture.
- the problem is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the medical instrument 1 with its reactive coordination system x′y′z′ shall be determined in its position relative to the patient coordination system xyz.
- Both the adjustment of the instrument insertion channel 10 and the adjustment of the device 3 can be correlated to each other by an angle adjustment (see FIG. 4 ).
- An angle adjustment for the azimuth angle 14 and an angle adjustment for the zenith angle 15 are possible on the device 3 .
- the position of the instrument insertion channel 10 will also be known automatically.
- azimuth and zenith angle could be directly measured and included into the MR image.
- the MR image could then always adjust to the orientation of the instrument insertion channel 10 so that the operation site 16 will always be optimally in the sight vane in the imaging of the MRI device.
- markers 20 ′, 20 ′′, and 20 ′′′ could be adapted in the device 3 or in a top for angle measurement 21 . Reversedly, it is also possible to measure the angle within the MR image and then to adjust at the device, i.e., the device follows the MR image.
- the fixation of the instrument insertion channel 10 in a certain position can be achieved by tightening a fixing screw 22 as shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show a possibility where the instrument or the stabilization channel 23 can be cramped into a mounting 6 , which is shifting in axial direction on the instrument insertion channel 10 .
- Such mounting 6 can be lowered manually or automatically by a motor, electrically, hydraulically, by pneumatic power or by wire pull.
- the orientation of the instrument insertion channel can be achieved by tilting.
- two movable laminas 7 and 8 relative to the device 2 and shifting to each other (as shown in FIG. 9 ), are attached to the device.
- the instrument insertion channel 10 is guided through an oblong opening 9 in each lamina.
- the instrument insertion channel is tiltable in various directions. Electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuations are possible for automatic shifting.
- a further possibility of adjustment of the instrument insertion channel 10 is to position the instrument insertion channel by means such as a rotating and tilting motion via a worm wheel 11 mechanically or by motor, pneumatically, or by wire pull.
- the orientation of the instrument is directly readable by the scaling at the positioning unit. It could also be monitored via the above-mentioned markers in the MR image.
- FIG. 2 shows a device 2 with an instrument insertion channel 10 and three laterally extended reflectors 12 .
- the three mountings 13 for the reflectors 12 can be manufactured from one piece or can be three separate parts.
- the reflectors 12 could also be active optical light-emitting diodes.
- the three reflectors or sending elements 12 can be monitored by an external camera system, and, due to the relative position of these three elements to each other, the spatial orientation of the device can be calculated and then be integrated in the MR image.
- markers which are directly identified by the “magnet” (MRI), since this will prevent inaccuracies upon matching the coordination systems.
- FIG. 3 shows that this navigation device can also be directly connected to the instrument insertion channel 10 .
- the device can be manufactured of a material that is not depictable under MRI or with other radiological imaging methods. Single parts or areas of the device could be designed of a material that is actively or passively identifiable under MRI. For instance, the entire device for the operation under MRI could be manufactured of plastics such as PEEK, and only certain parts would be designed of titanium.
- the device could also be designed to have hollow spaces containing a liquid which will emit active signals, such as liquids with unpaired proton spin, for instance a gadolinium-based liquid.
- FIG. 10 shows a double-walled top filled with a signal-emitting liquid.
- FIG. 5 shows a device 4 designed completely of plastics, preferably PEEK (polyetheretherketone).
- This device 4 is screwed into the skull with a self-cutting thread 19 . Owing to the hardness of the plastic material, the device can be manufactured with a self-cutting thread.
- Such plastic device 4 is preferably designed as a disposable. Two navigation points, which could be placed inside the device either separated from one another or together, shall be exemplarily described at the device.
- the adjusting screw 17 in this PEEK instrument could be made of titanium. Titanium is imaged negatively, as a black spot, in the MRI device, so that the position of the device 4 is recognizable.
- the orientation of the device 4 can be identified in a similar way as with the navigation system of FIG. 3 or 2 .
- a gadolinium-containing liquid is filled into a hollow space 18 in this device.
- This liquid is an active liquid for the MRI device, to be imaged as a white spot in the MR image.
- the position of the device 4 can be determined. It is now possible to combine such active spots such as the hollow spaces 18 with the respective active or passive points 17 , or self-reflecting or luminous marker points 12 , which will be identified by the MRI device or a navigation system connected to the MRI device. In this way, the localization and navigation of the device within the MRI is ensured.
- various positioning points depicted differently in the MR image it is possible to achieve an exact allocation of the measured points to the points at the device.
- a so-called TrackPointer as described in patent specification 298 21 944.1, can also be connected to the device by implanting it in the instrument insertion channel 10 .
- the orientation of the instrument with regard to the operation system can also be realized with the markers 20 , according to the principle stated herein, not only attached to the device 3 itself, but also to the instrument 24 , being inserted into the minimally-invasive channel 2 for a certain procedure, and to the angle measuring system 25 ( FIG. 7 ).
- FIG. 7 shows the process of pushing an instrument 24 through the device 3 into the operation area.
- a marker 20 ′ is placed at its distal end 20 ′, a second marker 20 ′′ in the insertion center of the device 3 as shown in FIG. 5 .
- the third marker 20 ′′′ is positioned on the angle measuring system 25 , which is freely adjustable around the device.
- the plane visible in the MR image will then be extended by the three points 20 ′, 20 ′′, and 20 ′′′.
- Such marking points could also be designed as small coils, as, for example, laid open with number 200 in patent application U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,795 by Sven P. Souza in FIG. 2 .
- Such an element is an active coil sending with a certain frequency and being deflected according to the system presented in the above-mentioned patent.
- Such a device can be used to insert probes, for mechanical and mechanical-surgical instruments or endoscopes.
- the instrument insertion channel 10 could also be designed in form of several lumens, resulting in several channels instead of only one.
- the device can also be used to insert larger instruments in open OP's.
- Such a device could be designed as either reusable or disposable instrument.
- a system as presented herein can be used not only for surgical interventions and procedures, but also for the insertion of electrodes to fight Parkinson's disease. It could also be applied as a shunt.
Abstract
The subject invention pertains to a device for inserting medical instruments into the human body. In a specific embodiment, the subject device can be made from a material which is invisible under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The subject device can incorporate three or more MRI compatible marks. The imaging of these three or more markers can allow the determination of the orientation of the device. A virtual image of the device can then be shown in an MRI image.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/632,685; filed Aug. 1, 2003, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/954,725; filed Sep. 14, 2001, now abandoned.
- With the German patent specification DE 198 44 767 A1, a method attaching markers to a medical instrument that are detectable under MRI is already known. The orientation of the instrument within the MRI device can be determined with these points. However, the respective allocation of the measured markers to the instrument markers is impeded due to the similarity of the signal-emitting substance to the instrument material. The non-availability of an instrument fixation to the patient proves to be a further disadvantage. Such fixation could be achieved by use of trocars.
FIGS. 2, 3 , 4, and 5 show a device ensuring a minimally-invasive approach to the brain through a hole in the top of the skull. Such trocar is already known from patent specification DE 197 26 141 and prevents the risk of the so-called Brain Shift, which signifies the uncontrolled shifting of the brain inside the surrounding skull during an operation. This problem is not limited to the neuro field, but occurs whenever shifting tissue is punctured. The disadvantages of this kind of trocars are the following points: - The adjustment of a navigation system adapting the devices to MRI imaging to such a neuro trocar is difficult.
- The neuro trocar is manufactured of titanium alloy, so that it is depicted as a homogenous formation with indistinct rim demarcation in the MR image. A three-dimensional orientation is difficult to assess. This, however, is highly essential, with the neuro trocar, unlike a stereotactic system, having no own reference point as it is fixed to the patient.
- The invention presented herein aims to solve these and other problems.
- The subject invention pertains to a device for inserting medical instruments into the human body. In a specific embodiment, the subject device can be made from a material which is invisible under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The subject device can incorporate three or more MRI compatible markers. The imaging of these three or more markers can allow the determination of the orientation of the device. A virtual image of the device can then be shown in an MRI image.
-
FIG. 1 shows a problem of navigation. -
FIG. 2 shows navigation points at a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 shows navigation points at the instrument insertion channel of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 shows angle measurement between instrument insertion channel and device in accordance with and embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 shows navigation with active and passive material contrast in accordance with and embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 shows a device with a stabilization channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 shows attachment of MRI markers to the combination of device, instrument and angle measuring system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 8 shows linear propulsion at the instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 a shows a device ensuring tilting motions of the instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 b shows a sectional image of an embodiment of a device ensuring tilting motions. -
FIG. 10 shows a device with double-walled and contrast medium-filled top on the instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 11 shows adevice with motor-powered adjustable instrument insertion channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. - The problem of the conventional neuro trocar being not sufficiently identifiably with regard to its orientation within the MRI, as described in patent DE 197 26 141, can be solved by designing a device of a material that is totally invisible under MRI. If then a minimum of three MRI compatible points are marked on it, an exact orientation can be determined by these three points; its position in the MRI procedure can be precisely assessed, and a virtual image of the trocar can be shown in the MRI picture.
- Various systems for the technical realization of these points are described below.
- The problem is shown in
FIG. 1 . Themedical instrument 1 with its reactive coordination system x′y′z′ shall be determined in its position relative to the patient coordination system xyz. - Both the adjustment of the
instrument insertion channel 10 and the adjustment of thedevice 3, which essentially corresponds to thedevices FIG. 4 ). An angle adjustment for theazimuth angle 14 and an angle adjustment for thezenith angle 15 are possible on thedevice 3. When the position of thedevice 3 is known, the position of theinstrument insertion channel 10 will also be known automatically. By an automatic pick-off of angular movement not shown inFIG. 4 , azimuth and zenith angle could be directly measured and included into the MR image. The MR image could then always adjust to the orientation of theinstrument insertion channel 10 so that theoperation site 16 will always be optimally in the sight vane in the imaging of the MRI device. In such case,markers 20′, 20″, and 20′″ according to the principles stated herein could be adapted in thedevice 3 or in a top forangle measurement 21. Reversedly, it is also possible to measure the angle within the MR image and then to adjust at the device, i.e., the device follows the MR image. - The fixation of the
instrument insertion channel 10 in a certain position can be achieved by tightening a fixing screw 22 as shown inFIG. 5 . - Through the
instrument insertion channel 10, a tube can be inserted deep into the operation site, which will then serve as a channel for inserting further instruments as shown inFIG. 6 , the advantage being a stabilization of the instruments inserted under navigation. Thestabilization channel 23 then holds the inserted instruments.FIGS. 8 and 9 show a possibility where the instrument or thestabilization channel 23 can be cramped into amounting 6, which is shifting in axial direction on theinstrument insertion channel 10.Such mounting 6 can be lowered manually or automatically by a motor, electrically, hydraulically, by pneumatic power or by wire pull. - The orientation of the instrument insertion channel can be achieved by tilting. To allow this, two
movable laminas device 2 and shifting to each other (as shown inFIG. 9 ), are attached to the device. Theinstrument insertion channel 10 is guided through an oblong opening 9 in each lamina. By mechanical manual or automatic shifting of the laminas to each other, the instrument insertion channel is tiltable in various directions. Electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuations are possible for automatic shifting. - A further possibility of adjustment of the
instrument insertion channel 10, as shown inFIG. 11 , is to position the instrument insertion channel by means such as a rotating and tilting motion via aworm wheel 11 mechanically or by motor, pneumatically, or by wire pull. - The orientation of the instrument is directly readable by the scaling at the positioning unit. It could also be monitored via the above-mentioned markers in the MR image.
- In order to adapt the device to the imaging of the MRI device, a navigation system is to be integrated into the device itself.
FIG. 2 shows adevice 2 with aninstrument insertion channel 10 and three laterally extendedreflectors 12. The threemountings 13 for thereflectors 12 can be manufactured from one piece or can be three separate parts. Thereflectors 12 could also be active optical light-emitting diodes. In such arrangement, the three reflectors or sendingelements 12 can be monitored by an external camera system, and, due to the relative position of these three elements to each other, the spatial orientation of the device can be calculated and then be integrated in the MR image. Better still is the application of markers which are directly identified by the “magnet” (MRI), since this will prevent inaccuracies upon matching the coordination systems. -
FIG. 3 shows that this navigation device can also be directly connected to theinstrument insertion channel 10. There could also be a navigation system for the device 2 a well as for theinstrument insertion channel 10, resulting in having two navigation systems working with either different wavelengths or different codification or with different geometrically designedreflectors 12. The device can be manufactured of a material that is not depictable under MRI or with other radiological imaging methods. Single parts or areas of the device could be designed of a material that is actively or passively identifiable under MRI. For instance, the entire device for the operation under MRI could be manufactured of plastics such as PEEK, and only certain parts would be designed of titanium. The device could also be designed to have hollow spaces containing a liquid which will emit active signals, such as liquids with unpaired proton spin, for instance a gadolinium-based liquid.FIG. 10 shows a double-walled top filled with a signal-emitting liquid. -
FIG. 5 shows a device 4 designed completely of plastics, preferably PEEK (polyetheretherketone). This device 4 is screwed into the skull with a self-cuttingthread 19. Owing to the hardness of the plastic material, the device can be manufactured with a self-cutting thread. Such plastic device 4 is preferably designed as a disposable. Two navigation points, which could be placed inside the device either separated from one another or together, shall be exemplarily described at the device. As one possibility, the adjustingscrew 17 in this PEEK instrument could be made of titanium. Titanium is imaged negatively, as a black spot, in the MRI device, so that the position of the device 4 is recognizable. With two further titanium points, the orientation of the device 4 can be identified in a similar way as with the navigation system ofFIG. 3 or 2. A gadolinium-containing liquid is filled into ahollow space 18 in this device. This liquid is an active liquid for the MRI device, to be imaged as a white spot in the MR image. With three such hollow spaces filled with a gadolinium-containing liquid, here also the position of the device 4 can be determined. It is now possible to combine such active spots such as thehollow spaces 18 with the respective active orpassive points 17, or self-reflecting or luminous marker points 12, which will be identified by the MRI device or a navigation system connected to the MRI device. In this way, the localization and navigation of the device within the MRI is ensured. By use of various positioning points depicted differently in the MR image, it is possible to achieve an exact allocation of the measured points to the points at the device. - A so-called TrackPointer, as described in patent specification 298 21 944.1, can also be connected to the device by implanting it in the
instrument insertion channel 10. - The orientation of the instrument with regard to the operation system, or, in other words, the adaptation of the image to the device presented herein via the MRI device, can also be realized with the
markers 20, according to the principle stated herein, not only attached to thedevice 3 itself, but also to theinstrument 24, being inserted into the minimally-invasive channel 2 for a certain procedure, and to the angle measuring system 25 (FIG. 7 ). -
FIG. 7 shows the process of pushing aninstrument 24 through thedevice 3 into the operation area. Amarker 20′ is placed at itsdistal end 20′, asecond marker 20″ in the insertion center of thedevice 3 as shown inFIG. 5 . Thethird marker 20′″ is positioned on theangle measuring system 25, which is freely adjustable around the device. The plane visible in the MR image will then be extended by the threepoints 20′, 20″, and 20′″. Thus one will always see the instrument with its inserted length in the brain region, which is determined by the third point placed on the circularangle measuring system 25. Such marking points could also be designed as small coils, as, for example, laid open with number 200 in patent application U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,795 by Sven P. Souza inFIG. 2 . Such an element is an active coil sending with a certain frequency and being deflected according to the system presented in the above-mentioned patent. - Such a device can be used to insert probes, for mechanical and mechanical-surgical instruments or endoscopes. The
instrument insertion channel 10 could also be designed in form of several lumens, resulting in several channels instead of only one. The device can also be used to insert larger instruments in open OP's. Such a device could be designed as either reusable or disposable instrument. - A system as presented herein can be used not only for surgical interventions and procedures, but also for the insertion of electrodes to fight Parkinson's disease. It could also be applied as a shunt.
-
- 1. Device
- 2. Device, general for adaptation to a navigation system
- 3. Device
- 4. Plastic Device
- 5. Double-walled top filled with contrast medium
- 6. Mounting
- 7. Movable lamina
- 8. Movable lamina
- 9. Opening
- 10. Instrument insertion channel
- 11. Worm wheel
- 12. Reflector/optically emitting elements
- 13. Reflector fitting
- 14. Angle adjustment azimuth angle
- 15. Angle adjustment zenith angle
- 16. Operation site
- 17. Titanium screw
- 18. Hollow space filled with gadolinium-containing liquid
- 19. Self-cutting thread
- 20. MRI markers according to one principle presented herein
- 21. Top with angle adjustment
- 22. Fixing screw
- 23. Stabilization channel
- 24. Instrument
- 25. Angle measuring system
Claims (41)
1. An apparatus for inserting an instrument into a human body, comprising:
an element configured to be fixedly positioned relative to a part of the human body, wherein at least a portion of the element is invisible under magnetic resonance imaging;
an instrument insertion channel movably connected to the element, wherein at least a portion of the instrument insertion channel is invisible under magnetic resonance imaging;
a means for determining the relative position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element such that once the position of the element is known, the position of the instrument insertion channel is known, or that once the position of the instrument insertion channel is known, the position of the element is known; and
at least three positioning markers, wherein the at least three positioning markers are each fixedly positioned relative to the element, fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel, or fixedly positioned relative to an instrument.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the element is configured to be fixedly positioned relative to a human head.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three positioning markers are visible under magnetic resonance imaging.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein under magnetic resonance imaging, the at least three positioning markers allow determination of the orientation of the element and determination of the orientation of the instrument insertion channel.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the at least three positioning markers can be distinguished from one another by magnetic resonance imaging.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the at least three positioning markers comprise coils.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of the at least three positioning markers comprises a volume filled with a material positively or negatively identifiable under magnetic resonance imaging.
8. The apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising a means for showing a virtual image of the instrument insertion channel in a magnetic resonance image.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three positioning markers comprise optically active or optically reflecting positioning markers.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three positioning markers are fixedly positioned relative to the element, wherein the position of the element can be determined by monitoring the at least three positioning markers fixedly positioned with respect to the element such that the position of the instrument insertion channel can be determined via the means for determining the relative position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein one of the at least three positioning markers comprises a titanium screw.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein at least one of the at least three positioning markers are within the element.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three positioning markers are fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel,
wherein the position of the instrument insertion channel can be determined by monitoring the at least three positioning markers such that the position of the element can be determined via the means for determining the relative position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three positioning markers comprise six positioning markers, wherein three of the six positioning markers are fixedly positioned relative to the element and three of the six positioning markers are fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the element are distinguishable from the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the element and the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel correspond to different wavelengths.
17. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the element and the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel correspond to a different codification.
18. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the element and the three of the six positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel correspond to different geometrically designed reflectors.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein two of the at least three positioning markers are fixedly positioned relative to the element, and
wherein one of the at least three positioning markers is fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein at least one of the two of the at least three positioning markers fixedly positioned relative to the element comprises a titanium screw.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three positioning markers comprise:
a first positioning marker fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel,
a second positioning marker fixedly positioned relative to the element, and
a third positioning marker fixedly positioned relative to a distal end of the instrument.
22. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the means for determining the relative position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element comprises:
a means for measuring an azimuth angle that the instrument insertion channel makes with respect to an axis parallel to a plane of the element, and
a means for measuring a zenith angle that the instrument insertion channel makes with respect to the plane of the element.
23. The apparatus according to claim 22 , wherein the means for measuring the azimuth angle comprises a scaling on a top piece attached to the element, and
wherein the means for measuring the zenith angle comprises a scaling on the element.
24. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a means for positioning the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element configured to be fixedly positioned relative to a part of the human body.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein the means for positioning the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element configured to be fixedly positioned relative to a part of the human body comprises:
a tilting means, wherein the tilting means comprises:
a first movable lamina having a first opening, and
a second movable lamina having a second opening,
wherein the first movable lamina is positioned relative to the element configured to be fixedly positioned relative to a human skull and the second movable lamina is positioned relative to the first movable lamina such that the instrument insertion channel extends through the first opening of the first movable lamina and the second opening of the second movable lamina,
wherein the first opening is shaped such that the first movable lamina allows the instrument insertion channel to tilt in a first plane, wherein the second opening is shaped such that the second movable lamina allows the instrument insertion channel to tilt in a second plane orthogonal to the first plane.
26. The apparatus according to claim 25 , further comprising a means for actuating a tilting motion.
27. The apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein the means for positioning the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element configured to be fixedly positioned relative to a part of the human body comprises:
a worm wheel movable attached to the instrument insertion channel, wherein the worm wheel provides a tilting motion and a rotating motion.
28. The apparatus according to claim 27 , further comprising a means for actuating the tilting motion and the rotating motion.
29. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a stabilization channel removably positioned within the instrument insertion channel such that upon inserting an instrument into the instrument insertion channel, the instrument is inserted through the stabilization channel.
30. The apparatus according to claim 29 , further comprising:
a mounting for shifting in an axial direction with respect to the instrument insertion channel, wherein the stabilization channel extends through the mounting.
31. The apparatus according to claim 30 , further comprising a means for actuating movement of the mounting in the axial direction.
32. A method for inserting an instrument into a human body, comprising:
positioning an apparatus at a location relative to a part of a human body, wherein the apparatus comprises:
i) an element configured to be fixedly positioned relative to the part of a human body,
ii) an instrument insertion channel, and
iii) at least three positioning markers at a location relative to the part of a human body, wherein the at least three positioning markers are each fixedly positioned relative to the element, fixedly positioned relative to the instrument insertion channel, or fixedly positioned relative to an instrument,
wherein positioning the apparatus at a location relative to a part of a human body comprises:
positioning the element with relative to the part of a human body, and
positioning the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element; and
determining the orientation of the apparatus with respect to the part of a human body, wherein determining the orientation of the apparatus with respect to the part of a human body comprises:
monitoring the at least three positioning markers, and
determining the relative position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element.
33. The method according to claim 32 , wherein the element comprises a self-cutting thread, wherein fixedly attaching the element to the part of a human body comprises screwing the element into a human skull.
34. The method according to claim 32 , wherein monitoring the at least three positioning markers comprises imaging the at least three positioning markers with a magnetic resonance imaging system.
35. The method according to claim 32 , wherein monitoring the at least three positioning markers comprises imaging the at least three positioning markers with a respective camera system.
36. The method according to claim 32 , wherein determining the relative position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the element comprises:
monitoring a means for measuring an azimuth angle that the instrument insertion channel makes with respect to an axis parallel to a plane of the element, and
monitoring a means for measuring a zenith angle that the instrument insertion channel makes with respect to the plane of the element.
37. The method according to claim 36 , further comprising indicating the azimuth angle and the zenith angle in an MR image.
38. The method according to claim 37 , further comprising adjusting the orientation of the MR image to the orientation of the apparatus with respect to the part of a human body.
39. The method according to claim 37 , further comprising adjusting the position of the instrument insertion channel with respect to the orientation of the MR image.
40. The method according to claim 32 , further comprising creating a virtual image of the apparatus in a MR image.
41. The method according to claim 32 , wherein determining the orientation of the apparatus with respect to the part of a human body determines the orientation of an instrument inserted through the instrument insertion channel.
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Also Published As
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US6989015B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 |
US20030055436A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
US20040064148A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
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