US20060151905A1 - Spinning plate - Google Patents

Spinning plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060151905A1
US20060151905A1 US10/533,908 US53390805A US2006151905A1 US 20060151905 A1 US20060151905 A1 US 20060151905A1 US 53390805 A US53390805 A US 53390805A US 2006151905 A1 US2006151905 A1 US 2006151905A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fibers
texture
production
geotextile
different
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/533,908
Inventor
Uwe Bornmann
Albert Mittermayr
Klaus Ahm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polyfelt GmbH
Original Assignee
Polyfelt GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polyfelt GmbH filed Critical Polyfelt GmbH
Assigned to POLYFELT GES. M.B.H. reassignment POLYFELT GES. M.B.H. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AHM, KLAUS, BORNMANN, UWE, MITTERMAYR, ALBERT
Publication of US20060151905A1 publication Critical patent/US20060151905A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/082—Melt spinning methods of mixed yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/016—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D04H3/153—Mixed yarns or filaments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spinneret plate for producing melt-spun fibers for the production of geotextiles
  • Geotextiles are employed in many fields of technology, in particular for reinforcing embankments, slopes, as a base for concrete or asphalt surfaces, such as streets, airports, roads, bridges and the like, and specifically for new constructions as well as for redevelopments. Special requirements are made of the stability, strength and the water permeability of the geotextiles depending on the specific field of application.
  • the invention addresses the problem of providing a method and a device for the production of geotextiles comprised of fibers or filaments of different textures, in which the mixing or the adjusting of the fiber mixture does not laboriously take place after the production of the fibers and filaments, but rather already during the production of the fibers or filaments.
  • Subject matter of the invention is therefore a method for the production of geotextiles, characterized in that the production of continuous fibers of different texture takes place in one spinning process, whereby the adjustment of the ratio of fibers of finer and coarser texture is defined and, in the subsequent mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification, a geotextile with defined properties is produced.
  • a further subject matter of the invention is a spinneret plate for the production of melt-spun continuous fibers for geotextiles, characterized in that the spinneret plate has bores of different diameters for the production of fibers of different texture in one spinning process.
  • the proportion of finer fibers determines the hydraulic properties of the finished geotextile, for example the water permeability in the nonwoven fabric plane or normal to the nonwoven fabric plane.
  • Possible starting materials for the fine as well as also for the coarser fibers are, for example, synthetic materials, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide or polyester.
  • fine fibers which serve for the mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification of the geotextile, are understood fibers having a texture of 1-10 dtex, preferably 1-7 dtex.
  • the coarser fibers have a texture of 6-30 dtex, preferably 7-27 dtex.
  • the textures of the fiber types preferably differ by a factor of 3 to 20, especially preferred by a factor of 4 to 6.
  • the proportion of fine fibers in the finished geotextile can be 20-95%, preferably 30-90%.
  • the fibers of different texture are produced in one spinning process utilizing the spinneret plate according to the invention.
  • the fibers are subsequently laid down in the conventional manner and mechanically and/or hydraulically, chemically and/or thermally solidified.
  • a spinneret plate with differently defined bores is utilized and thereby the mixing ratio of fibers and their texture is already defined during the production of the fibers.
  • This spinneret plate according to the invention has bores with different capillary diameters for the simultaneous production of continuous fibers of different texture.
  • the capillary diameters of the bores are so dimensioned that the fibers of different texture can be produced simultaneously in the desired ratio.
  • the bores can therein be distributed at regular intervals as well as also randomly.
  • the capillary bores may have suitable shapes (trilobal, octalobal, star-shaped, hollow, triangular, triangular hollow, etc.) wherein the cross sections of the fine and the coarser fibers, or optionally of further utilized fibers, may also be different.

Abstract

The invention relates to a spinning plate for the production of melt-spun fibers in order to produce geotextiles.

Description

  • The invention relates to a spinneret plate for producing melt-spun fibers for the production of geotextiles
  • Geotextiles are employed in many fields of technology, in particular for reinforcing embankments, slopes, as a base for concrete or asphalt surfaces, such as streets, airports, roads, bridges and the like, and specifically for new constructions as well as for redevelopments. Special requirements are made of the stability, strength and the water permeability of the geotextiles depending on the specific field of application.
  • Depending on the required property, until now fibers and filaments of different defined textures have been produced and solidified in the production of geotextiles. The finer the fibers or filaments, the stronger, and more stable is the geotextile after the solidification; the coarser the fibers or filaments, the higher is the water permeability of the geotextile. Optionally separately produced finer fibers are added before the solidification of a geotextile in order to attain the corresponding strength and stability.
  • The invention addresses the problem of providing a method and a device for the production of geotextiles comprised of fibers or filaments of different textures, in which the mixing or the adjusting of the fiber mixture does not laboriously take place after the production of the fibers and filaments, but rather already during the production of the fibers or filaments.
  • Subject matter of the invention is therefore a method for the production of geotextiles, characterized in that the production of continuous fibers of different texture takes place in one spinning process, whereby the adjustment of the ratio of fibers of finer and coarser texture is defined and, in the subsequent mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification, a geotextile with defined properties is produced.
  • A further subject matter of the invention is a spinneret plate for the production of melt-spun continuous fibers for geotextiles, characterized in that the spinneret plate has bores of different diameters for the production of fibers of different texture in one spinning process.
  • Through the proportion of finer fibers, the desired stability and strength of the finished geotextile can be adjusted. The proportion of coarser fibers determines the hydraulic properties of the finished geotextile, for example the water permeability in the nonwoven fabric plane or normal to the nonwoven fabric plane.
  • The higher the proportion of fine fibers, the stronger and more stable is the geotextile subsequently produced through mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification. The higher the proportion of coarser fibers, the higher is the water permeability of the geotextile after the mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification.
  • Possible starting materials for the fine as well as also for the coarser fibers are, for example, synthetic materials, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide or polyester.
  • By fine fibers, which serve for the mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification of the geotextile, are understood fibers having a texture of 1-10 dtex, preferably 1-7 dtex. As a function of the selected texture of the finer fibers, the coarser fibers have a texture of 6-30 dtex, preferably 7-27 dtex.
  • The textures of the fiber types preferably differ by a factor of 3 to 20, especially preferred by a factor of 4 to 6.
  • Depending on the desired properties, in particular on the desired combination of strength, stability and water permeability, and as a function of the selected textures, the proportion of fine fibers in the finished geotextile can be 20-95%, preferably 30-90%.
  • However, it is also possible to use more than two fibers of different texture. In this case, three or more fibers of different texture are utilized for the production of the geotextile, the selection of the textures, again, being dependent on the desired properties of the finished geotextile.
  • The fibers of different texture are produced in one spinning process utilizing the spinneret plate according to the invention. The fibers are subsequently laid down in the conventional manner and mechanically and/or hydraulically, chemically and/or thermally solidified.
  • For the production of a defined mixture of fibers or filaments of different texture, a spinneret plate with differently defined bores is utilized and thereby the mixing ratio of fibers and their texture is already defined during the production of the fibers.
  • This spinneret plate according to the invention has bores with different capillary diameters for the simultaneous production of continuous fibers of different texture.
  • The capillary diameters of the bores are so dimensioned that the fibers of different texture can be produced simultaneously in the desired ratio.
  • The bores can therein be distributed at regular intervals as well as also randomly.
  • Depending on the desired cross section of the fiber, the capillary bores may have suitable shapes (trilobal, octalobal, star-shaped, hollow, triangular, triangular hollow, etc.) wherein the cross sections of the fine and the coarser fibers, or optionally of further utilized fibers, may also be different.
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • Standard Geotextile
    Starting material (granulate) Polypropylene
    Proportion of fine filaments, % 100
    Filament titer, dtex 4
    Proportion of coarse filaments, % 0
    Filament titer, dtex —
    Weight/unit area, g/m2 250
    Wide width tensile strength EN ISO 10319, kN/m
    Longitudinal 19.1
    Transverse 19.4
    Water permeability in the geotextile plane EN ISO 12958 3.0 · 10−3
    20 kPa, i = 1, [l/m/s]
    Water permeability normal to the plane EN ISO 11058 5.1 · 10−2
    VIH50 [m/s]
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • Starting material (granulate) Polypropylene
    Proportion of fine filaments, % 90
    Filament titer, dtex 4
    Proportion of coarse filaments, % 10
    Filament titer, dtex 18
    Weight/unit area, g/m2 250
    Wide width tensile strength EN ISO 10319, kN/m
    Longitudinal 18.8
    Transverse 19.0
    Water permeability in the geotextile plane EN ISO 12958 8.2 · 10−3
    20 kPa, i = 1, [l/ms/s]
    Water permeability normal to the plane EN ISO 11058 8.4 · 10−2
    VIH50 [m/s]
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • Starting material (granulate) Polypropylene
    Proportion of fine filaments, % 70
    Filament titer, dtex 3
    Proportion of coarse filaments, % 30
    Filament titer, dtex 15
    Weight/unit area, g/m2 250
    Wide width tensile strength EN ISO 10319, kN/m
    Longitudinal 18.5
    Transverse 18.7
    Water permeability in the geotextile plane EN ISO 12958 1.1 · 10−2
    20 kPa, i = 1, [l/ms/s]
    Water permeability normal to the plane EN ISO 11058 1.2 · 10−1
    VIH50 [m/s]

Claims (8)

1. Method for the production of geotextiles, wherein the production of the continuous fibers of different texture takes place in one spinning process, wherein the adjustment of the ratio of fibers of finer and coarser texture is defined and, in the subsequent mechanical and/or hydraulic solidification, a geotextile with defined properties is produced.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the finer fibers have a texture of 1-10 dtex.
3. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coarser fibers have a texture of 5-30 dtex.
4. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proportion of finer fibers is 20-95%.
5. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein two or more fibers of different texture are produced in one spinning process.
6. Spinneret plate for the production of melt-spun continuous fibers for geotextiles, wherein the spinneret plate has bores of different diameters for producing fibers of different texture in one spinning process.
7. Spinneret plate as claimed in claim 6, wherein the bores have identical or different non-round cross sectional shapes.
8. Geotextile produced utilizing a method claimed in claim 1.
US10/533,908 2002-11-27 2003-11-26 Spinning plate Abandoned US20060151905A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02026434.7 2002-11-27
EP02026434A EP1424412A1 (en) 2002-11-27 2002-11-27 Spinneret plate
PCT/EP2003/013309 WO2004048649A1 (en) 2002-11-27 2003-11-26 Spinning plate

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060151905A1 true US20060151905A1 (en) 2006-07-13

Family

ID=32241280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/533,908 Abandoned US20060151905A1 (en) 2002-11-27 2003-11-26 Spinning plate

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20060151905A1 (en)
EP (2) EP1424412A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006508263A (en)
KR (1) KR20050084691A (en)
CN (1) CN1717509A (en)
AU (1) AU2003288177A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0316626A (en)
CA (1) CA2507603A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2005119986A (en)
TR (1) TR200501975T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2004048649A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200504986B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080026659A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-01-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Monocomponent Monolayer Meltblown Web And Meltblowing Apparatus
WO2008063298A2 (en) * 2006-10-10 2008-05-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinnerets for making cut-resistant yarns
KR101410542B1 (en) 2010-06-30 2014-06-20 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 Aramid fiber and Method for manufacturing the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7638193B1 (en) * 2006-10-10 2009-12-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cut-resistant yarns and method of manufacture

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4330989A (en) * 1979-06-07 1982-05-25 Viscosuisse S.A. False-twist-textured synthetic polymer filament yarn
US5125818A (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-06-30 Basf Corporation Spinnerette for producing bi-component trilobal filaments
US5723159A (en) * 1989-04-04 1998-03-03 Eastman Chemical Company Spinnerets for making fibers capable of spontaneously transporting fluids
US5965468A (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-10-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Direct formed, mixed fiber size nonwoven fabrics
US20010055682A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2001-12-27 Ortega Albert E. Novel nonwoven fabrics with advantageous properties

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3920066A1 (en) * 1989-06-20 1991-01-10 Corovin Gmbh COMPOSITE FLEECE MATERIAL
FR2790487B1 (en) * 1999-03-02 2001-04-20 Freudenberg Carl Fa PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MULTISEGMENTED FILAMENTS OR FIBERS, AS WELL AS RESULTING FILAMENTS OR FIBERS AND TEXTILE SURFACE

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4330989A (en) * 1979-06-07 1982-05-25 Viscosuisse S.A. False-twist-textured synthetic polymer filament yarn
US5723159A (en) * 1989-04-04 1998-03-03 Eastman Chemical Company Spinnerets for making fibers capable of spontaneously transporting fluids
US5125818A (en) * 1991-02-05 1992-06-30 Basf Corporation Spinnerette for producing bi-component trilobal filaments
US5965468A (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-10-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Direct formed, mixed fiber size nonwoven fabrics
US20010055682A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2001-12-27 Ortega Albert E. Novel nonwoven fabrics with advantageous properties

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080026659A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-01-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Monocomponent Monolayer Meltblown Web And Meltblowing Apparatus
US20100201041A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2010-08-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Monocomponent monolayer meltblown web and meltblowing apparatus
US7902096B2 (en) 2006-07-31 2011-03-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Monocomponent monolayer meltblown web and meltblowing apparatus
US8506871B2 (en) 2006-07-31 2013-08-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Process of making a monocomponent non-woven web
WO2008063298A2 (en) * 2006-10-10 2008-05-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinnerets for making cut-resistant yarns
WO2008063298A3 (en) * 2006-10-10 2009-02-12 Du Pont Spinnerets for making cut-resistant yarns
KR101410542B1 (en) 2010-06-30 2014-06-20 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 Aramid fiber and Method for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1565600A1 (en) 2005-08-24
KR20050084691A (en) 2005-08-26
WO2004048649A1 (en) 2004-06-10
BR0316626A (en) 2005-10-11
CN1717509A (en) 2006-01-04
RU2005119986A (en) 2006-01-20
ZA200504986B (en) 2006-09-27
JP2006508263A (en) 2006-03-09
EP1424412A1 (en) 2004-06-02
TR200501975T2 (en) 2006-04-21
CA2507603A1 (en) 2004-06-10
AU2003288177A1 (en) 2004-06-18

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: POLYFELT GES. M.B.H., AUSTRIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BORNMANN, UWE;MITTERMAYR, ALBERT;AHM, KLAUS;REEL/FRAME:017294/0043

Effective date: 20050613

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION