US20060162546A1 - Sealing member of a compressor - Google Patents

Sealing member of a compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060162546A1
US20060162546A1 US11/038,419 US3841905A US2006162546A1 US 20060162546 A1 US20060162546 A1 US 20060162546A1 US 3841905 A US3841905 A US 3841905A US 2006162546 A1 US2006162546 A1 US 2006162546A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
sealing member
compressor
coat
rotating shaft
coolant gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/038,419
Inventor
Hidenori Hosoi
Takashi Fukumuro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanden Corp
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Sanden Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US11/038,419 priority Critical patent/US20060162546A1/en
Assigned to SANDEN CORPORATION reassignment SANDEN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FUKUMURO, TAKASHI, HOSOI, HIDENORI
Publication of US20060162546A1 publication Critical patent/US20060162546A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2230/00—Manufacture
    • F04C2230/90—Improving properties of machine parts
    • F04C2230/91—Coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealing member of a compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-246976 discloses a sealing member of a carbon dioxide compressor excellent in impermeability to carbon dioxide.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-246976 provides a sealing member of a compressor suitable for use with a specific coolant gas and does not provide a sealing member of a compressor suitable for use with various kinds of coolant gases.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a sealing member of a compressor suitable for use with various kinds of coolant gases.
  • a sealing member of a compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas, wherein a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of the sealing member.
  • a coat of soft metal, ceramic, amorphous hard carbon or high polymer material such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like is highly impermeable to any kind of coolant gas.
  • Each of the materials has a specific character. Therefore, the most suitable material is desired to be used for the coat considering the working environment of the compressor, working environment of the sealing member, etc.
  • the compressor of the present invention can effectively prevent leakage of coolant gas.
  • the compressor of the present invention can compress various kinds of coolant gases, while effectively preventing leakage of coolant gas.
  • the compressor further comprises a rotating shaft, a compressing mechanism driven by the rotating shaft, a housing for accommodating the rotating shaft and the compressing mechanism, and a shaft seal member.
  • the sealing member is the shaft seal member.
  • the compressor further comprises a rotating shaft, a compressing mechanism driven by the rotating shaft, and a housing for accommodating the rotating shaft and the compressing mechanism.
  • the housing is an assembly of a plurality of partial housings. Gaskets are inserted into joints of the partial housings, and the sealing member is one of the gaskets.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a variable delivery swash plate compressor provided with a sealing member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a variable delivery swash plate compressor provided with a sealing member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • variable delivery swash plate compressor provided with a sealing member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • a variable delivery swash plate compressor A is provided with a rotating shaft 10 , a rotor 11 fixed to the rotating shaft 10 and a swash plate 12 supported by the rotating shaft 10 to be variable in inclination relative to the rotating shaft 10 .
  • the swash plate 12 is connected to the rotor 11 through a linkage 13 for allowing the swash plate 12 to vary in inclination relative to the rotating shaft 10 and inhibiting the swash plate 12 from rotating around the rotating shaft 10 .
  • the swash plate 12 rotates synchronously with the rotor 11 and the rotating shaft 10 .
  • a front housing 18 of circular cylindrical shape forms a crank chamber 17 for accommodating the rotating shaft 10 , the rotor 11 and the swash plate 12 .
  • the front housing 18 is closed at one end and provided with a boss 18 a at the closed end.
  • the rotating shaft 10 passes through the boss 18 a out of the front housing 18 at the front end.
  • An annular space is formed between the rotating shaft 10 and the inner circumferential surface of the boss 18 a.
  • the lip seal 19 a disposed close to the crank chamber 17 is a rubber molding made mainly of hydro-nitrile rubber (HNBR) and is covered by a coat of soft metal such as tin (Sn), alloy metal containing copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn), or the like.
  • the lip seal 19 a is provided with a fixed portion 19 a ′ clamped by the clamping metals 19 c and 19 d and a movable portion 19 a ′′ slidingly contacting the circumferential side surface of the rotating shaft 10 .
  • the movable portions 19 a ′′ and 19 b ′′ are forced against the circumferential side surface of the rotating shaft 10 to slidingly contact the circumferential side surface, thereby sealing the annular space between the rotating shaft 10 and the inner circumferential surface of the boss 18 a.
  • a cylinder head 21 forming an inlet chamber 21 a and an outlet chamber 21 b is installed.
  • a valve plate 22 provided with inlet holes 22 a and outlet holes 22 b is disposed between the cylinder block 16 and the cylinder head 21 .
  • the inlet holes 22 a and the outlet holes 22 b communicate with the cylinder bores 16 a.
  • the front housing 18 , the cylinder block 16 , the valve plate 22 and the cylinder head 21 are assembled in a unit by bolts 23 .
  • a gasket 24 is inserted into the joint between the front housing 18 and the cylinder block 16 .
  • a gasket 25 is inserted into the joint between the cylinder block 16 and the valve plate 22 .
  • a gasket 26 is inserted into the joint between the valve plate 22 and the cylinder head 21 . The gaskets 24 , 25 and 26 seal the aforementioned joints.
  • the gaskets 24 , 25 and 26 are rubber moldings made mainly of hydro-nitrile rubber (HNBR) or nitrile rubber (NBR). Each of them is covered by a coat of soft metal such as tin (Sn), alloy metal containing copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn), or the like.
  • HNBR hydro-nitrile rubber
  • NBR nitrile rubber
  • the rotating shaft 10 is rotatably supported by the front housing 18 and the cylinder block 16 .
  • the rotor 11 , the linkage 13 , the swash plate 12 , the shoes 14 and the pistons 15 form a compressing mechanism.
  • the shaft seal 19 and the gaskets 24 to 26 prevent leakage of the coolant gas from the variable delivery swash plate compressor A.
  • a coat of soft metal is formed on each of the lip seal 19 a and the gaskets 24 to 26 . Therefore, they are highly impermeable to various kinds of coolant gases, such as Freon, carbon hydride, alternative Freon, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. Therefore, whatever kind of coolant gas is compressed by the variable delivery swash plate compressor A, leakage of the coolant gas from the variable delivery swash plate compressor A is reliably prevented. Hydro-nitrile rubber is easy to obtain because it is used as the material of sealing members of coolant gas compressors.
  • the soft metal is suitable for use on sliding contact parts because it reduces friction resistance.
  • a coat of ceramic such as silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), etc., amorphous hard carbon (DLC), or high polymer material such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. may be formed on the surface of the lip seal 19 a and the gaskets 24 to 26 .
  • the impermeability of the aforementioned seal members to the various coolant gases is enhanced and the ability of the coolant gas compressor to prevent leakage of coolant gas is enhanced.
  • Ceramic has advantages such as low apparent density, low thermal expansion coefficient, high hardness, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetism, high insulation performance, etc.
  • silicon nitride has large flexural strength at high temperature and is suitable for use on bearings.
  • Silicon carbide has advantages such as high hardness, large thermal conductivity, high resistance against thermal shock, etc. and is suitable for use on the shaft seal.
  • Amorphous hard carbon has advantages such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, high ware resistance, high sliding ability, etc. Film thickness and surface roughness can be easily controlled when amorphous hard carbon is coated on the surface of a seal member. Therefore, finishing becomes unnecessary and coating cost decreases.
  • the most suitable material is desirably used for the coat formed on the surface of a seal member considering the working environment of the compressor, working environment of the sealing member, etc.
  • the present invention can be used for sealing members of any kind of coolant gas compressor.

Abstract

A coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of a sealing member of a compressor for absorbing and compressing the coolant gas.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a sealing member of a compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-246976 discloses a sealing member of a carbon dioxide compressor excellent in impermeability to carbon dioxide.
  • The prior art disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-246976 provides a sealing member of a compressor suitable for use with a specific coolant gas and does not provide a sealing member of a compressor suitable for use with various kinds of coolant gases.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a sealing member of a compressor suitable for use with various kinds of coolant gases.
  • In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a sealing member of a compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas, wherein a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of the sealing member.
  • A sealing member provided with a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas formed on the surface thereof, can be used in compressors for various kinds of coolant gases.
  • A coat of soft metal, ceramic, amorphous hard carbon or high polymer material such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like is highly impermeable to any kind of coolant gas. Each of the materials has a specific character. Therefore, the most suitable material is desired to be used for the coat considering the working environment of the compressor, working environment of the sealing member, etc.
  • In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas comprising a sealing member, wherein a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of the sealing member.
  • When a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of the sealing member, impermeability of the sealing member is enhanced to any kind of coolant gas. Therefore, the compressor of the present invention can effectively prevent leakage of coolant gas. The compressor of the present invention can compress various kinds of coolant gases, while effectively preventing leakage of coolant gas.
  • A coat of soft metal, ceramic, amorphous hard carbon or high polymer material such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like is highly impermeable to any kind of coolant gas. Each of the materials has a specific character. Therefore, the most suitable material is desirably used for the coat considering the working environment of the compressor, working environment of the sealing member, etc.
  • In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressor further comprises a rotating shaft, a compressing mechanism driven by the rotating shaft, a housing for accommodating the rotating shaft and the compressing mechanism, and a shaft seal member. The sealing member is the shaft seal member.
  • In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressor further comprises a rotating shaft, a compressing mechanism driven by the rotating shaft, and a housing for accommodating the rotating shaft and the compressing mechanism. The housing is an assembly of a plurality of partial housings. Gaskets are inserted into joints of the partial housings, and the sealing member is one of the gaskets.
  • The sealing member is suitably used as a shaft seal member, a gasket, etc.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • In the drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a variable delivery swash plate compressor provided with a sealing member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a variable delivery swash plate compressor provided with a sealing member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • A variable delivery swash plate compressor provided with a sealing member in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • As shown in FIG. 1, a variable delivery swash plate compressor A is provided with a rotating shaft 10, a rotor 11 fixed to the rotating shaft 10 and a swash plate 12 supported by the rotating shaft 10 to be variable in inclination relative to the rotating shaft 10. The swash plate 12 is connected to the rotor 11 through a linkage 13 for allowing the swash plate 12 to vary in inclination relative to the rotating shaft 10 and inhibiting the swash plate 12 from rotating around the rotating shaft 10. The swash plate 12 rotates synchronously with the rotor 11 and the rotating shaft 10.
  • A plurality of pistons 15 engage the swash plate 12 through a plurality of pairs of shoes 14 slidingly engaging the peripheral portion of the swash plate 12. The pistons 15 are inserted in cylinder bores 16 a formed in a cylinder block 16.
  • A front housing 18 of circular cylindrical shape forms a crank chamber 17 for accommodating the rotating shaft 10, the rotor 11 and the swash plate 12. The front housing 18 is closed at one end and provided with a boss 18 a at the closed end. The rotating shaft 10 passes through the boss 18 a out of the front housing 18 at the front end. An annular space is formed between the rotating shaft 10 and the inner circumferential surface of the boss 18 a.
  • A shaft seal 19 is disposed to seal the annular space between the rotating shaft 10 and the inner circumferential surface of the boss 18 a. As shown in FIG. 2, the shaft seal 19 is provided with lip seal members 19 a and 19 b slidingly contacting the circumferential side surface of the rotating shaft 10 and clamping metals 19 c and 19 d for clamping and fixing the lip seals 19 a and 19 b. The lip seal 19 a disposed close to the crank chamber 17 is a rubber molding made mainly of hydro-nitrile rubber (HNBR) and is covered by a coat of soft metal such as tin (Sn), alloy metal containing copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn), or the like. The lip seal 19 a is provided with a fixed portion 19 a′ clamped by the clamping metals 19 c and 19 d and a movable portion 19 a″ slidingly contacting the circumferential side surface of the rotating shaft 10. The lip seal 19 b disposed close to one end of the rotating shaft 10 projecting from the front housing 18 is made of a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The lip seal 19 b is provided with a fixed portion 19 b′ clamped by the clamping metals 19 c and 19 d and a movable portion 19 b″ slidingly contacting the circumferential side surface of the rotating shaft 10. Before the shaft seal 19 is assembled with the boss 18 a, the movable portions 19 a″ and 19 b″ extend inwardly in radial direction as indicated by phantom lines in FIG. 2. After the shaft seal 19 has been assembled with the boss 18 a, the movable portions 19 a″ and 19 b″ are forced against the circumferential side surface of the rotating shaft 10 to slidingly contact the circumferential side surface, thereby sealing the annular space between the rotating shaft 10 and the inner circumferential surface of the boss 18 a.
  • As shown in FIG. 1, an electromagnetic clutch 20 mounted on the boss 18 a of the front housing 18 transfers rotating force from external power source not shown in the figures to the front end of the rotating shaft 10.
  • A cylinder head 21 forming an inlet chamber 21 a and an outlet chamber 21 b is installed.
  • A valve plate 22 provided with inlet holes 22 a and outlet holes 22 b is disposed between the cylinder block 16 and the cylinder head 21. The inlet holes 22 a and the outlet holes 22 b communicate with the cylinder bores 16 a.
  • The front housing 18, the cylinder block 16, the valve plate 22 and the cylinder head 21 are assembled in a unit by bolts 23.
  • A gasket 24 is inserted into the joint between the front housing 18 and the cylinder block 16. A gasket 25 is inserted into the joint between the cylinder block 16 and the valve plate 22. A gasket 26 is inserted into the joint between the valve plate 22 and the cylinder head 21. The gaskets 24, 25 and 26 seal the aforementioned joints.
  • The gaskets 24, 25 and 26 are rubber moldings made mainly of hydro-nitrile rubber (HNBR) or nitrile rubber (NBR). Each of them is covered by a coat of soft metal such as tin (Sn), alloy metal containing copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn), alloy metal containing zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn), or the like.
  • The rotating shaft 10 is rotatably supported by the front housing 18 and the cylinder block 16.
  • The rotor 11, the linkage 13, the swash plate 12, the shoes 14 and the pistons 15 form a compressing mechanism.
  • The operation of the variable delivery swash plate compressor A in accordance with the present preferred embodiment will be described.
  • Rotating force is transferred to the rotating shaft 10 from the external power source not shown in the figures through the electromagnetic clutch 20, and rotation of the rotating shaft 10 is transferred to the swash plate 12 through the rotor 11 and the linkage 13. The rotation of the swash plate 12 causes reciprocal movement of the peripheral portion of the swash plate 12 in the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 10. The reciprocal movement of the peripheral portion of the swash plate 12 is transferred to the piston 15 through the shoes 14, and the piston 15 moves reciprocally in the cylinder bore 16 a. Coolant gas enters into the inlet chamber 21 a from an external coolant circuit through an inlet port following the reciprocal movement of the piston 15. The coolant gas is sucked into the cylinder bores 16 a through the inlet holes 22 a and inlet valves not shown in the figures to be pressurized in the cylinder bores 16 a. The pressurized coolant gas in the cylinder bores 16 a discharges into the outlet chamber 21 b through the outlet holes 22 b and outlet valves not shown in the figures, and then discharges from the outlet chamber 21 b into the external coolant circuit through an outlet port.
  • The shaft seal 19 and the gaskets 24 to 26 prevent leakage of the coolant gas from the variable delivery swash plate compressor A.
  • A coat of soft metal is formed on each of the lip seal 19 a and the gaskets 24 to 26. Therefore, they are highly impermeable to various kinds of coolant gases, such as Freon, carbon hydride, alternative Freon, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. Therefore, whatever kind of coolant gas is compressed by the variable delivery swash plate compressor A, leakage of the coolant gas from the variable delivery swash plate compressor A is reliably prevented. Hydro-nitrile rubber is easy to obtain because it is used as the material of sealing members of coolant gas compressors. The soft metal is suitable for use on sliding contact parts because it reduces friction resistance.
  • A coat of ceramic such as silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al2O3), silicon nitride (Si3N4), zirconia (ZrO2), etc., amorphous hard carbon (DLC), or high polymer material such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. may be formed on the surface of the lip seal 19 a and the gaskets 24 to 26. The impermeability of the aforementioned seal members to the various coolant gases is enhanced and the ability of the coolant gas compressor to prevent leakage of coolant gas is enhanced.
  • Ceramic has advantages such as low apparent density, low thermal expansion coefficient, high hardness, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetism, high insulation performance, etc. Especially, silicon nitride has large flexural strength at high temperature and is suitable for use on bearings. Silicon carbide has advantages such as high hardness, large thermal conductivity, high resistance against thermal shock, etc. and is suitable for use on the shaft seal.
  • Amorphous hard carbon has advantages such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, high ware resistance, high sliding ability, etc. Film thickness and surface roughness can be easily controlled when amorphous hard carbon is coated on the surface of a seal member. Therefore, finishing becomes unnecessary and coating cost decreases.
  • Polyethylene has advantages such as high thermal stability, high chemical resistance, inexpensiveness, etc. Polytetrafluoroethylene has an advantage in that it decreases friction resistance and is suitable for use on sliding contact parts.
  • The most suitable material is desirably used for the coat formed on the surface of a seal member considering the working environment of the compressor, working environment of the sealing member, etc.
  • The present invention can be used for sealing members of any kind of coolant gas compressor.
  • While the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that modifications and improvements may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is determined solely by the attached claims.

Claims (16)

1. A sealing member of a compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas, wherein a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of the sealing member.
2. A sealing member of claim 1, wherein the material of the coat is soft metal.
3. A sealing member of claim 1, wherein the material of the coat is ceramic.
4. A sealing member of claim 1, wherein the material of the coat is amorphous hard carbon.
5. A sealing member of claim 1, wherein the material of the coat is high polymer material.
6. A sealing member of claim 5, wherein the high polymer material is polyethylene.
7. A sealing member of claim 5, wherein the high polymer material is polytetrafluoroethylene.
8. A compressor for absorbing and compressing coolant gas comprising a sealing member, wherein a coat of material impermeable to coolant gas is formed on the surface of the sealing member.
9. A compressor of claim 8, wherein the material of the coat is soft metal.
10. A compressor of claim 8, wherein the material of the coat is ceramic.
11. A compressor of claim 8, wherein the material of the coat is amorphous hard carbon.
12. A compressor of claim 8, wherein the material of the coat is high polymer material.
13. A compressor of claim 12, wherein the high polymer material is polyethylene.
14. A compressor of claim 12, wherein the high polymer material is polytetrafluoroethylene.
15. A compressor of claim 8 further comprising a rotating shaft, a compressing mechanism driven by the rotating shaft, a housing for accommodating the rotating shaft and the compressing mechanism, and a shaft seal member, wherein the sealing member is the shaft seal member.
16. A compressor of claim 8 further comprising a rotating shaft, a compressing mechanism driven by the rotating shaft, and a housing for accommodating the rotating shaft and the compressing mechanism, wherein the housing is an assembly of a plurality of partial housings, gaskets are inserted into joints of the partial housings, and the sealing member is one of the gaskets.
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