US20060210449A1 - Optical biodiscs with reflective layers - Google Patents
Optical biodiscs with reflective layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060210449A1 US20060210449A1 US11/280,853 US28085305A US2006210449A1 US 20060210449 A1 US20060210449 A1 US 20060210449A1 US 28085305 A US28085305 A US 28085305A US 2006210449 A1 US2006210449 A1 US 2006210449A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- biodisc
- substrate
- reflective layer
- layer
- disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5025—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures for parallel transport of multiple samples
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/07—Centrifugal type cuvettes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00029—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with flat sample substrates, e.g. slides
- G01N35/00069—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with flat sample substrates, e.g. slides whereby the sample substrate is of the bio-disk type, i.e. having the format of an optical disk
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
- B01J2219/00306—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
- B01J2219/00313—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement the reactor vessels being formed by arrays of wells in blocks
- B01J2219/00315—Microtiter plates
- B01J2219/00317—Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
- B01J2219/005—Beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
- B01J2219/00527—Sheets
- B01J2219/00536—Sheets in the shape of disks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00585—Parallel processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00596—Solid-phase processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
- B01J2219/0061—The surface being organic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
- B01J2219/00632—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface
- B01J2219/00637—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface by coating it with another layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00646—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to beads immobilised on the solid supports
- B01J2219/00648—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to beads immobilised on the solid supports by the use of solid beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00659—Two-dimensional arrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00675—In-situ synthesis on the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00686—Automatic
- B01J2219/00689—Automatic using computers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00695—Synthesis control routines, e.g. using computer programs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00702—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00702—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
- B01J2219/00707—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products separated from the reactor apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
- B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
- B01J2219/00722—Nucleotides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/12—Specific details about manufacturing devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/02—Identification, exchange or storage of information
- B01L2300/021—Identification, e.g. bar codes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
- B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
- B01L2300/0636—Integrated biosensor, microarrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0803—Disc shape
- B01L2300/0806—Standardised forms, e.g. compact disc [CD] format
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/16—Surface properties and coatings
- B01L2300/168—Specific optical properties, e.g. reflective coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0409—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces centrifugal forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502753—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by bulk separation arrangements on lab-on-a-chip devices, e.g. for filtration or centrifugation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
- C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
- C40B40/06—Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B50/00—Methods of creating libraries, e.g. combinatorial synthesis
- C40B50/14—Solid phase synthesis, i.e. wherein one or more library building blocks are bound to a solid support during library creation; Particular methods of cleavage from the solid support
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B60/00—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
- C40B60/14—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries
Definitions
- an optical disc can be used to perform assays on biological or chemical samples.
- a sample can be provided in an opening and then moved by centrifugal force from one chamber or area to another chamber or area until it reaches an assay region where the sample (or a characteristic of the sample) can be observed.
- a beam can be scanned over a rotating disc. Radiation reflected from and/or transmitted through the disc can be detected by a detector and used to read encoded information and/or detect assays.
- the embodiments of the present invention allow reflected light to be used both to read operational data and to detect a biological or chemical investigational feature and/or a characteristic thereof.
- One embodiment includes a biodisc with a substrate, a reflective layer over the substrate for encoding information, an opening in the reflective layer at a viewing window where an investigational feature can be provided, and a second reflective layer spaced from the first reflective layer and at least over the viewing window such that light passing through the substrate to the viewing window can be reflected by the second reflective layer.
- the first reflective layer can be directly on the substrate or separated by intermediate layers, such as a dye layer. Over the second reflective layer, a cap portion can be provided.
- the disc can have different configurations for channels and chambers for moving a sample, such as a generally U-shaped circuit or a series of chambers.
- the investigational feature can be detected by one of a number of methods, including colorimetry, fluorimetry, the use of reporters, such as beads, or the use of other methods by which a sample, or a characteristic of a sample, can be observed.
- the disc can be used for medical diagnostics, such as detecting cholesterol or glucose levels, or for blood typing, detection of antigens, or any other desired biological or chemical interaction.
- the disc can also be used for imaging small objects.
- a biodisc and drive system as described herein can have one or more of a number of different advantages, including an ability to detect investigational features with reflected light, to read encoded data in addition to investigational features, and the ability to use the focusing of a standard disc reader at the reflective layer where information is encoded. This means that with the disc shown in the embodiments, a conventional optical drive may be usable with few changes. Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an optical biodisc and an associated reading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded view of three structural layers of an optical biodisc according to embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3-8 are cross-sectional views of a disc according to embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9A-9D are cross-sectional views of an optical biodisc with investigational features being introduced and demonstrating a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views of FIGS. 9A and 9G , respectively.
- FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of detection signals of reporters according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Optical biodiscs for assays according to the present invention may have any suitable shape, diameter, or thickness, but preferably are implemented on a round disc with a diameter, thickness, and materials similar to those of a compact disc (CD), a recordable CD (CD-R), a digital versatile disc (DVD), or one of a number of other formats.
- Compact discs, DVDs, and other such discs have encoded informational (operational) data, such as audio information or software.
- a biodisc according to embodiments of the present invention has investigational features, and preferably both encoded operational data and investigative features.
- the operational information can include data for performing, controlling, and post-processing a test or assay on a biological or chemical material. This operational information can include, for example, information for controlling the rotation rate of the disc, the direction of rotation of the disc, timing for rotation, stopping and starting of the disc, delay periods, multiple rotation steps, locations of samples, and control of the power of the light source.
- Investigational features can include any chemical or biological material providing a test result.
- target sequences such as capture DNA strands or antibodies
- a viewing window also referred to as a viewing window.
- a reporter is attached to a target DNA sequence, which is complementary to a capture DNA sequence.
- the complementary capture DNA strand will hybridize with the target, thereby attaching DNA target sequences to the disc surface.
- unbound reporters are removed.
- a beam of light focused on the viewing window will determine the presence, or lack thereof, of a target sequence.
- colorimetry Other techniques for observing a sample or a characteristic of a sample include colorimetry and fluorimetry.
- colorimetry a sample is provided in a viewing window, and the beam of light is directed to the sample. From the amount of light that is detected, information about the sample is derived.
- An optical biodisc may generally be reflective, transmissive, and/or have some combination of reflective and transmissive portions.
- an incident light beam may be focused onto a reflective surface of the disc, reflected by the reflective surface, and returned through optical elements to a detector as it would be in a conventional informational disc.
- a transmissive disc or transmissive portion of a disc light passes through the disc to a detector on the other side of the disc from the light source.
- the transmissive portions could be partially reflective.
- a transmissive disc is described in more detail in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/255,233, filed Dec. 12, 2000; 60/294,051, filed May 29, 2001; 60/306,266, filed Jul. 18, 2001; 60/306,599, filed Jul. 19, 2001; and 60/291,233, filed May 16, 2001, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the embodiments of the present invention relate mainly to reflective biodiscs which provide both operational and investigative features, but the disc could include transmissive portions as well.
- FIG. 1 shows an optical disc 100 and disc drive system 200 .
- This disc drive system may be a conventional reader for CD, CD-R, DVD, or other known comparable format with modifications to software and minimal or no modifications to hardware, a modified version of a conventional disc drive, or a distinct dedicated disc drive device oriented to detecting investigational features.
- the basic components of such a disc drive system are a light system for providing light, a motor for rotating the disc, and a detection system for detecting light.
- a light source 202 provides light to optical components 212 to produce an incident light beam 204 , which may be collimated or non-collimated.
- incident light beam 204 is reflected off disc 100 to produce a return beam 206 .
- Return beam 206 passes through optical components 212 , and then to a detector 210 .
- This detector can be a conventional optical disc drive detector or a modified detector.
- Optical components 212 can include a lens, a beam splitter, and a quarter wave plate that changes the polarization of the light beam so that the beam splitter directs a reflected beam through the lens to focus the reflected beam onto the detector.
- These are conventional components in optical disc drives.
- An astigmatic element, such as a cylindrical lens, may be provided between the beam splitter and detector to introduce astigmatism in the reflected light beam.
- Data from detector 210 is provided to a computer 236 , including a processor 220 and an analyzer 222 , and then to a monitor 224 to display an image or results.
- This computer 236 can represent a desktop computer, programmable logic, or some other processing device, and also can include a connection (such as over the Internet) to other processing and/or storage devices.
- a drive motor 226 and a controller 228 which can be connected to computer 236 , are provided for controlling the rotation of disc 100 . Thus if encoded operational data on disc 100 indicates that disc 100 is to be rotated at a certain rate, computer 236 can direct controller 228 to drive motor 226 at that rate.
- Computer 236 and controller 228 can be on the same computer.
- the disc can have a physical mark referred to as a trigger mark 120 .
- a hardware trigger sensor 218 is used to detect trigger mark 120 .
- Trigger sensor 218 provides a signal to computer 236 that controls the collection and/or use of detected data by computer 236 .
- computer 236 only stores and analyzes data relating to investigational features when trigger sensor 218 detects trigger mark 120 . In this case, data regarding investigational features is collected and analyzed when the trigger is detected.
- the trigger is preferably aligned radially with viewing windows.
- Trigger sensor 218 and trigger mark 120 can be located under disc 100 and on the bottom side of disc 100 , respectively.
- Transmissive disc detection is shown, for example, in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/270,095, filed Feb. 20, 2001; 60/292,108, filed May 18, 2001; 60/292,110, filed May 18, 2001; 60/313,917, filed Aug. 21, 2001; and in Gordon, U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,577, filed Apr. 6, 1999, each of which is incorporated herein, by reference.
- Disc drive system 200 is thus employed to rotate disc 100 , read and process any encoded operational information stored on the disc, and detect chemical, biological, or biochemical investigational features in an assay region of the disc.
- disc drive system 200 can be used to write information to disc 100 either before or after the material in the assay zone is analyzed by the read beam of the drive.
- FIG. 2 shows three layers of an example of an embodiment of a reflective biodisc 100 .
- the top layer, a cap 102 has inlet ports 110 for receiving samples, vent ports 112 , and reflective layer regions 148 , which are on the underside of cap 102 .
- Cap 102 may be formed primarily from polycarbonate (e.g., about 1.2 mm thick).
- Reflective layer regions 148 are preferably made from a metal, such as aluminum or gold, with a sufficient thickness to be primarily or exclusively reflective.
- a channel layer 104 also referred to as an adhesive layer, has fluidic circuits 128 formed therein preferably by stamping or cutting desired shapes from the layer.
- the channel layer can be over a capture layer where an investigational feature can bind.
- Each fluidic circuit 128 can have a flow channel 130 and a return channel 132 .
- a fluidic circuit can include other microfluidic channels and chambers, such as preparatory regions and a waste region, as shown, for example, in the incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,581.
- Substrate 106 is made up primarily of a layer of polycarbonate, and has a reflective layer deposited on the top of the polycarbonate layer.
- Viewing windows 140 are openings in the reflective layer that may be formed by removing portions of the reflective layer in any desired shape, or by masking viewing windows 140 before applying the reflective layer.
- One viewing window or a plurality of such windows can be oriented along one or more radii from the center of the disc.
- the reflective layer on substrate 106 is preferably formed from a metal, such as aluminum or gold, and can be configured with the rest of substrate 106 to encode operational information that is read with incident light.
- samples are provided through inlet ports 110 .
- the sample moves outwardly from inlet ports 110 along a fluidic circuit 128 .
- detectable investigational features may then be present in viewing windows 140 .
- the disc may be designed so that investigational features are captured to be in the focal plane coplanar with the reflective layer that has encoded information.
- This reflective layer is where an incident beam is typically focused conventionally through optical components and the optical properties of the substrate; alternatively, investigational features may be captured at a location in front of or at the focal plane, i.e., farther from the light source.
- the former configuration is referred to as a “proximal” type disc (see FIG. 4 ), and the latter a “distal” type disc (see FIG. 3 ).
- Trigger marks 120 may be included on the surface of the reflective layer, and may include a clear window in all three layers of the biodisc, an opaque area, or a reflective or semi-reflective area encoded with information. The use of the trigger marks is described in conjunction with FIG. 1 .
- Substrate layer 106 may be impressed with a spiral track that starts at an innermost readable portion of the disc and then spirals out to an outermost readable portion of the disc.
- this track is made up of a series of embossed pits with varying length, each typically having a depth of approximately one-quarter the wavelength of the light that is used to read the disc.
- the varying lengths and spacing between the pits encode the operational data.
- the spiral groove of a recordable CD-R disc has a detectable dye rather than pits.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a reflective biodisc, similar to a CD-R disc, shown with alternative depths for a viewing window 140 where an investigational feature 125 could be. Investigational feature 125 may be suspended with a capture layer at the top or bottom of the viewing window.
- viewing window 140 is covered by a cap layer with lacquer 102 (e.g., about 0.5 microns) and a reflective layer 148 , e.g., of gold or aluminum.
- Viewing window 140 is etched into a layer of lacquer 162 , a reflective coating layer 164 , a layer of dye 166 , and a portion of substrate 168 .
- viewing window 140 has a depth d greater than the sum of the depths of layers 162 , 164 and 166 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a biodisc with a viewing window 140 of depth d′ that is equal to the sum of the depth of the layers 162 , 164 , and 166 and does not cut into the layer of substrate 172 .
- This configuration provides an investigational feature at the focal plane.
- Viewing window 140 is light transmissive and, other than the investigational feature, can have air, transmissive plastic, or a solution.
- the layer of substrate 168 in FIGS. 3 and 4 includes a series of grooves 170 .
- Grooves 170 are in the form of a spiral extending from near the center of the disc toward the outer edge and are implemented so that an interrogation beam may track along the spiral grooves 170 on the disc. This type of groove 170 is known as a “wobble groove.” Grooves 170 are formed by a bottom portion having undulating or wavy side walls. A raised or elevated portion separates adjacent grooves 170 in the spiral.
- Dye layer 166 applied on the grooves 170 in this embodiment is, as illustrated, conformal in nature. At the viewing window in FIG. 4 , layers 162 , 164 , and 166 are removed, as is dye 166 from grooves 170 .
- the path of an incident beam 152 is directed toward disc 100 from the light source.
- Incident beam 152 is focused on a point in a focal plane coplanar with reflective layer 148 and continues upwardly traversing through viewing window 140 to eventually fall incident onto reflective surface 148 .
- incident beam 152 is reflected back and thereby forms a return beam 154 .
- the viewing window would be transmissive. This model applies for the behavior of the light beams for FIG. 4 through FIG. 8 .
- the wavelength of the incident beam can be, for example, 540 nm, 640 nm, or 780 nm for different types of reading (and recording) formats.
- FIGS. 5, 6 , and 7 are cross-sectional views of a biodisc with various embodiments of fluidic channels that have other chambers, such as input preparation and waste chambers as shown, for example, in the incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,581.
- a fluidic channel 178 formed in substrate 168 has reservoirs 132 , 134 , and 136 , and a waste chamber 138 .
- Reservoirs 132 , 134 , and 136 are connected to viewing window 140 by capillary channel 142 .
- Waste chamber 138 is also connected to viewing window 140 by vent 144 .
- Viewing window 140 which is generally similar to that shown in FIG. 3 , is covered by a cap layer of lacquer 102 and a reflective layer 148 .
- a sample can thus be provided to reservoir 132 , provided through reservoirs 134 and 136 to capillary channel 142 to viewing window 140 .
- the movement from reservoir 132 to viewing window 140 can be all at once, or in a series of stages governed by physical resistance and different speeds of rotation—in other words, rotation at a first rotation rate moves the sample from reservoir 132 to 134 , rotation at a second rotation rate moves the sample from reservoir 134 to 136 , and then rotation at a third rotation rate moves the sample from reservoir 136 to viewing window 140 . Delays for heating, incubating, or some other purpose can be provided between steps.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show embodiments of a biodisc in which fluidic circuits are located primarily in cap 190 and above the substrate 168 and reflective layer 164 .
- chambers 202 , 204 and 206 are input reservoirs with vents 210 , 212 , and 214 .
- Waste chamber 208 has a vent 216 .
- the biodisc does not have a layer of lacquer 162 over reflective layer 164 . Instead, a layer of adhesive 182 covers reflective layer 164 .
- Viewing window 140 is created by removing a portion of reflective layer 164 .
- a reflective layer 148 is at the top of viewing window 140 .
- FIG. 6 does not show a dye layer, and thus could represent, for example, a CD rather than CD-R.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 6 , with grooves 170 etched into substrate 168 .
- Reflective layer 164 is applied on substrate 168 .
- the grooves 170 in this embodiment have the reflective layer material, such as gold or aluminum or any other suitable reflective material. Without a dye layer or an appropriate substitute, however, the drive cannot write data back to the disc.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a biodisc with only a reflective layer 184 .
- Substrate 168 of the biodisc has tracking grooves 170 and a layer of conforming reflective material 184 on top.
- This embodiment does not include a lacquer layer 162 and a dye layer 166 .
- Viewing window 140 which is created by removing a portion of reflective layer 164 , is covered by a cap 102 of lacquer and a reflective layer 148 .
- FIGS. 9A-9O illustrate a method for detecting or determining the presence of target DNA in a sample in conjunction with an optical biodisc of the type described herein.
- a pipette 230 is loaded with a test sample that has reporters 240 with target DNA 242 .
- the disc has a substrate 250 and a reflective layer 252 over substrate 250 .
- Reflective layer 252 is selectively removed (or selectively deposited initially) to have gaps where there are viewing windows 234 .
- a capture layer 254 is over the substrate in the viewing windows 234 , and may be over the entire reflective layer 252 as well. Capture DNA strands 244 are anchored to the capture layer in windows 234 .
- test sample is injected or deposited into flow channel 141 through an inlet port 232 .
- reporters 240 with DNA sequences 242 flow in flow channel 141 as illustrated in FIG. 9B .
- target DNA 242 of a specific sequence is present in the test sample, target DNA 242 hybridizes with the capture DNA 244 , as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D .
- reporters 240 are retained within the viewing windows 234 .
- Hybridization may be further facilitated by rotating disc 100 so that reporters 240 slowly move or tumble down flow channel 141 . Slow movement allows ample time for additional hybridization. After hybridization, the disc may be rotated further to clear the viewing windows 234 of unattached reporters 240 .
- Interrogation beam 152 may then be scanned through viewing windows 234 to determine the presence of reporters 240 as illustrated in FIG. 9D .
- all the reporters 240 are spun down flow channel 141 when disc 100 is rotated.
- interrogation beam 152 is directed into viewing windows 234 , a negative reading will thereby result indicating that no target DNA 242 was present in the sample.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views of FIGS. 9A and 9C , respectively.
- capture DNA 244 is attached to the capture layer 254 within target window 234 .
- target DNA 242 and capture DNA 244 hybridize.
- Interrogation beam 152 detects for reporters 240 after unattached reporters have been washed away.
- FIG. 12 shows graphically a method for detecting reporters.
- a viewing window is shown with reporters 302 , 304 , and 306 .
- These reporters could be beads, in the case where the binding is for DNA, or cells, in the case where the detection is of antigens on cells.
- the viewing window is shown with four tracks 310 , 312 , 314 , and 316 of the disc. There could be many more tracks, and the tracks that are shown may actually be spaced apart with other track between them; e.g., the tracks shown here could be every fourth track.
- the spacing is preferably selected based on the size of the reporter being detected, such that the spacing between tracks that are read is about the size of a reporter so as to detect each reporter once.
- Around the viewing window is a reflective layer 320 , which may include encoded operational information
- the analysis software looks for a drop—and then increase in the amount of reflected light to detect the bounds of the viewing window.
- the analysis software looks for peaks that exceed a threshold and counts these peaks. The light then moves to the next track to be used, which may be several tracks away from the previously read track.
- the counting can be performed in hardware with edge detection circuitry.
- Other hardware and software methods can be used, including imaging and using image recognition software to detect individual reporters.
- Other detection methods may be more oriented to a yes/no decision.
- the boundary of the window can be determined from encoded information in the reflective layer near the window.
- the testing can be used for medical diagnostics, biological agent detection (including biological warfare), environmental testing, and forensic DNA analysis.
- a CD-type system can image microstructures, detect and count cells, detect microbeads (e.g., 1-6 microns) used in DNA and immuno-assays, detect colorimetric substrates used in enzymatic assays, and detect new or reported nanogold and nanocarbon.
- Assay techniques include Ab-Ag reaction, hybridization, enzyme cascade, chelation, binding to surface markers, and imaging by cell identification and agglutination.
- references to physical relationship such as one layer being “over” another, or light being provided to the “bottom” of the disc, are meant as terms of reference, but are not meant to literally be “over” necessarily; rather, the light could be directed from above with the structure upside down, or the disc could be on its side.
Abstract
An optical biodisc has a substrate, a first reflective layer over the substrate, an opening in the first reflective layer for receiving an investigational feature, and a second reflective layer over the opening for reflecting light transmitted through the substrate.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/999,274, filed on Nov. 15, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/249,391, filed on Nov. 16, 2000, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/275,705, filed on Dec. 22, 2000, each of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- As shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,581, an optical disc can be used to perform assays on biological or chemical samples. A sample can be provided in an opening and then moved by centrifugal force from one chamber or area to another chamber or area until it reaches an assay region where the sample (or a characteristic of the sample) can be observed. As shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,577, which also is incorporated herein by reference, a beam can be scanned over a rotating disc. Radiation reflected from and/or transmitted through the disc can be detected by a detector and used to read encoded information and/or detect assays.
- The embodiments of the present invention allow reflected light to be used both to read operational data and to detect a biological or chemical investigational feature and/or a characteristic thereof. One embodiment includes a biodisc with a substrate, a reflective layer over the substrate for encoding information, an opening in the reflective layer at a viewing window where an investigational feature can be provided, and a second reflective layer spaced from the first reflective layer and at least over the viewing window such that light passing through the substrate to the viewing window can be reflected by the second reflective layer. The first reflective layer can be directly on the substrate or separated by intermediate layers, such as a dye layer. Over the second reflective layer, a cap portion can be provided.
- The disc can have different configurations for channels and chambers for moving a sample, such as a generally U-shaped circuit or a series of chambers. At the viewing window, the investigational feature can be detected by one of a number of methods, including colorimetry, fluorimetry, the use of reporters, such as beads, or the use of other methods by which a sample, or a characteristic of a sample, can be observed. The disc can be used for medical diagnostics, such as detecting cholesterol or glucose levels, or for blood typing, detection of antigens, or any other desired biological or chemical interaction. The disc can also be used for imaging small objects.
- A biodisc and drive system as described herein can have one or more of a number of different advantages, including an ability to detect investigational features with reflected light, to read encoded data in addition to investigational features, and the ability to use the focusing of a standard disc reader at the reflective layer where information is encoded. This means that with the disc shown in the embodiments, a conventional optical drive may be usable with few changes. Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an optical biodisc and an associated reading system according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of three structural layers of an optical biodisc according to embodiments of the present invention. -
FIGS. 3-8 are cross-sectional views of a disc according to embodiments of the present invention. -
FIGS. 9A-9D are cross-sectional views of an optical biodisc with investigational features being introduced and demonstrating a method according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views ofFIGS. 9A and 9G , respectively. -
FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of detection signals of reporters according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Optical biodiscs for assays according to the present invention may have any suitable shape, diameter, or thickness, but preferably are implemented on a round disc with a diameter, thickness, and materials similar to those of a compact disc (CD), a recordable CD (CD-R), a digital versatile disc (DVD), or one of a number of other formats. Compact discs, DVDs, and other such discs have encoded informational (operational) data, such as audio information or software. A biodisc according to embodiments of the present invention has investigational features, and preferably both encoded operational data and investigative features. The operational information can include data for performing, controlling, and post-processing a test or assay on a biological or chemical material. This operational information can include, for example, information for controlling the rotation rate of the disc, the direction of rotation of the disc, timing for rotation, stopping and starting of the disc, delay periods, multiple rotation steps, locations of samples, and control of the power of the light source.
- Investigational features can include any chemical or biological material providing a test result. In one embodiment, target sequences, such as capture DNA strands or antibodies, are attached to a disc surface in a viewing window (also referred to as a viewing window). In the DNA example, a reporter is attached to a target DNA sequence, which is complementary to a capture DNA sequence. In the presence of a target sequence, the complementary capture DNA strand will hybridize with the target, thereby attaching DNA target sequences to the disc surface. In a subsequent wash step, unbound reporters are removed. A beam of light focused on the viewing window will determine the presence, or lack thereof, of a target sequence. Such a system is described in more detail in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/257,705, filed Dec. 12, 2000, which is expressly incorporated by reference.
- Other techniques for observing a sample or a characteristic of a sample include colorimetry and fluorimetry. In the case of colorimetry, a sample is provided in a viewing window, and the beam of light is directed to the sample. From the amount of light that is detected, information about the sample is derived.
- An optical biodisc may generally be reflective, transmissive, and/or have some combination of reflective and transmissive portions. In the case of a reflective disc or in a reflective portion, an incident light beam may be focused onto a reflective surface of the disc, reflected by the reflective surface, and returned through optical elements to a detector as it would be in a conventional informational disc. In a transmissive disc or transmissive portion of a disc, light passes through the disc to a detector on the other side of the disc from the light source. The transmissive portions could be partially reflective. A transmissive disc is described in more detail in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/255,233, filed Dec. 12, 2000; 60/294,051, filed May 29, 2001; 60/306,266, filed Jul. 18, 2001; 60/306,599, filed Jul. 19, 2001; and 60/291,233, filed May 16, 2001, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The embodiments of the present invention relate mainly to reflective biodiscs which provide both operational and investigative features, but the disc could include transmissive portions as well.
-
FIG. 1 shows anoptical disc 100 anddisc drive system 200. This disc drive system may be a conventional reader for CD, CD-R, DVD, or other known comparable format with modifications to software and minimal or no modifications to hardware, a modified version of a conventional disc drive, or a distinct dedicated disc drive device oriented to detecting investigational features. The basic components of such a disc drive system are a light system for providing light, a motor for rotating the disc, and a detection system for detecting light. - A
light source 202 provides light tooptical components 212 to produce anincident light beam 204, which may be collimated or non-collimated. In the case of a reflective portion ofdisc 100,incident light beam 204 is reflected offdisc 100 to produce areturn beam 206.Return beam 206 passes throughoptical components 212, and then to adetector 210. This detector can be a conventional optical disc drive detector or a modified detector. -
Optical components 212 can include a lens, a beam splitter, and a quarter wave plate that changes the polarization of the light beam so that the beam splitter directs a reflected beam through the lens to focus the reflected beam onto the detector. These are conventional components in optical disc drives. An astigmatic element, such as a cylindrical lens, may be provided between the beam splitter and detector to introduce astigmatism in the reflected light beam. - Data from
detector 210 is provided to acomputer 236, including aprocessor 220 and ananalyzer 222, and then to amonitor 224 to display an image or results. Thiscomputer 236 can represent a desktop computer, programmable logic, or some other processing device, and also can include a connection (such as over the Internet) to other processing and/or storage devices. Adrive motor 226 and acontroller 228, which can be connected tocomputer 236, are provided for controlling the rotation ofdisc 100. Thus if encoded operational data ondisc 100 indicates thatdisc 100 is to be rotated at a certain rate,computer 236 can directcontroller 228 to drivemotor 226 at that rate.Computer 236 andcontroller 228 can be on the same computer. - The disc can have a physical mark referred to as a
trigger mark 120. Ahardware trigger sensor 218 is used to detecttrigger mark 120.Trigger sensor 218 provides a signal tocomputer 236 that controls the collection and/or use of detected data bycomputer 236. In one embodiment,computer 236 only stores and analyzes data relating to investigational features whentrigger sensor 218 detectstrigger mark 120. In this case, data regarding investigational features is collected and analyzed when the trigger is detected. The trigger is preferably aligned radially with viewing windows.Trigger sensor 218 andtrigger mark 120 can be located underdisc 100 and on the bottom side ofdisc 100, respectively. - With a transmissive disc, there would also be a top detector on the other side of the disc from the light source. Transmissive disc detection is shown, for example, in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/270,095, filed Feb. 20, 2001; 60/292,108, filed May 18, 2001; 60/292,110, filed May 18, 2001; 60/313,917, filed Aug. 21, 2001; and in Gordon, U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,577, filed Apr. 6, 1999, each of which is incorporated herein, by reference.
-
Disc drive system 200 is thus employed to rotatedisc 100, read and process any encoded operational information stored on the disc, and detect chemical, biological, or biochemical investigational features in an assay region of the disc. Optionally, in a system such as a CD-R,disc drive system 200 can be used to write information todisc 100 either before or after the material in the assay zone is analyzed by the read beam of the drive. -
FIG. 2 shows three layers of an example of an embodiment of areflective biodisc 100. The top layer, acap 102, hasinlet ports 110 for receiving samples, ventports 112, andreflective layer regions 148, which are on the underside ofcap 102.Cap 102 may be formed primarily from polycarbonate (e.g., about 1.2 mm thick).Reflective layer regions 148 are preferably made from a metal, such as aluminum or gold, with a sufficient thickness to be primarily or exclusively reflective. - A
channel layer 104, also referred to as an adhesive layer, hasfluidic circuits 128 formed therein preferably by stamping or cutting desired shapes from the layer. The channel layer can be over a capture layer where an investigational feature can bind. Eachfluidic circuit 128 can have aflow channel 130 and areturn channel 132. A fluidic circuit can include other microfluidic channels and chambers, such as preparatory regions and a waste region, as shown, for example, in the incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,581. -
Substrate 106 is made up primarily of a layer of polycarbonate, and has a reflective layer deposited on the top of the polycarbonate layer. Viewingwindows 140 are openings in the reflective layer that may be formed by removing portions of the reflective layer in any desired shape, or by maskingviewing windows 140 before applying the reflective layer. One viewing window or a plurality of such windows can be oriented along one or more radii from the center of the disc. The reflective layer onsubstrate 106 is preferably formed from a metal, such as aluminum or gold, and can be configured with the rest ofsubstrate 106 to encode operational information that is read with incident light. - In operation, samples are provided through
inlet ports 110. When rotated, the sample moves outwardly frominlet ports 110 along afluidic circuit 128. Through one of a number of biological or chemical reactions or processes, detectable investigational features may then be present inviewing windows 140. - The disc may be designed so that investigational features are captured to be in the focal plane coplanar with the reflective layer that has encoded information. This reflective layer is where an incident beam is typically focused conventionally through optical components and the optical properties of the substrate; alternatively, investigational features may be captured at a location in front of or at the focal plane, i.e., farther from the light source. The former configuration is referred to as a “proximal” type disc (see
FIG. 4 ), and the latter a “distal” type disc (seeFIG. 3 ). - Trigger marks 120 may be included on the surface of the reflective layer, and may include a clear window in all three layers of the biodisc, an opaque area, or a reflective or semi-reflective area encoded with information. The use of the trigger marks is described in conjunction with
FIG. 1 . -
Substrate layer 106 may be impressed with a spiral track that starts at an innermost readable portion of the disc and then spirals out to an outermost readable portion of the disc. In a non-recordable disc such as a CD, this track is made up of a series of embossed pits with varying length, each typically having a depth of approximately one-quarter the wavelength of the light that is used to read the disc. The varying lengths and spacing between the pits encode the operational data. The spiral groove of a recordable CD-R disc has a detectable dye rather than pits. - Numerous designs and configurations of an optical pickup and associated electronics may be used in the context of the embodiments of the present invention. Further details and alternative designs for compact discs and readers are described in Compact Disc Technology, by Nakajima and Ogawa, IOS Press, Inc. (1992); The Compact Disc Handbook, Digital Audio and Compact Disc Technology, by Baert et al. (eds.), Books Britain (1996) and CD-Rom Professional's CD-Recordable Handbook: The Complete Guide to Practical Desktop CD, Starrett et al. (eds.), ISBN: 0910965188 (1996); all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
-
FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a reflective biodisc, similar to a CD-R disc, shown with alternative depths for aviewing window 140 where aninvestigational feature 125 could be.Investigational feature 125 may be suspended with a capture layer at the top or bottom of the viewing window. - In
FIG. 3 ,viewing window 140 is covered by a cap layer with lacquer 102 (e.g., about 0.5 microns) and areflective layer 148, e.g., of gold or aluminum.Viewing window 140 is etched into a layer oflacquer 162, areflective coating layer 164, a layer ofdye 166, and a portion ofsubstrate 168. In this embodiment,viewing window 140 has a depth d greater than the sum of the depths oflayers -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a biodisc with aviewing window 140 of depth d′ that is equal to the sum of the depth of thelayers Viewing window 140 is light transmissive and, other than the investigational feature, can have air, transmissive plastic, or a solution. - The layer of
substrate 168 inFIGS. 3 and 4 includes a series ofgrooves 170.Grooves 170 are in the form of a spiral extending from near the center of the disc toward the outer edge and are implemented so that an interrogation beam may track along thespiral grooves 170 on the disc. This type ofgroove 170 is known as a “wobble groove.”Grooves 170 are formed by a bottom portion having undulating or wavy side walls. A raised or elevated portion separatesadjacent grooves 170 in the spiral.Dye layer 166 applied on thegrooves 170 in this embodiment is, as illustrated, conformal in nature. At the viewing window inFIG. 4 , layers 162, 164, and 166 are removed, as isdye 166 fromgrooves 170. - The path of an
incident beam 152 is directed towarddisc 100 from the light source.Incident beam 152 is focused on a point in a focal plane coplanar withreflective layer 148 and continues upwardly traversing throughviewing window 140 to eventually fall incident ontoreflective surface 148. At this point,incident beam 152 is reflected back and thereby forms areturn beam 154. Withoutreflective layer 148 being added, the viewing window would be transmissive. This model applies for the behavior of the light beams forFIG. 4 throughFIG. 8 . The wavelength of the incident beam can be, for example, 540 nm, 640 nm, or 780 nm for different types of reading (and recording) formats. -
FIGS. 5, 6 , and 7 are cross-sectional views of a biodisc with various embodiments of fluidic channels that have other chambers, such as input preparation and waste chambers as shown, for example, in the incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,581. - In
FIG. 5 , afluidic channel 178 formed insubstrate 168 hasreservoirs waste chamber 138.Reservoirs viewing window 140 bycapillary channel 142.Waste chamber 138 is also connected toviewing window 140 by vent 144.Viewing window 140, which is generally similar to that shown inFIG. 3 , is covered by a cap layer oflacquer 102 and areflective layer 148. - A sample can thus be provided to
reservoir 132, provided throughreservoirs capillary channel 142 toviewing window 140. The movement fromreservoir 132 toviewing window 140 can be all at once, or in a series of stages governed by physical resistance and different speeds of rotation—in other words, rotation at a first rotation rate moves the sample fromreservoir 132 to 134, rotation at a second rotation rate moves the sample fromreservoir 134 to 136, and then rotation at a third rotation rate moves the sample fromreservoir 136 toviewing window 140. Delays for heating, incubating, or some other purpose can be provided between steps. -
FIGS. 6 and 7 show embodiments of a biodisc in which fluidic circuits are located primarily incap 190 and above thesubstrate 168 andreflective layer 164. InFIG. 6 ,chambers vents Waste chamber 208 has avent 216. In this embodiment, the biodisc does not have a layer oflacquer 162 overreflective layer 164. Instead, a layer of adhesive 182 coversreflective layer 164. -
Viewing window 140 is created by removing a portion ofreflective layer 164. Areflective layer 148 is at the top of viewingwindow 140.FIG. 6 does not show a dye layer, and thus could represent, for example, a CD rather than CD-R. -
FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment similar to that ofFIG. 6 , withgrooves 170 etched intosubstrate 168.Reflective layer 164 is applied onsubstrate 168. Unlike some other embodiments in which dye is provided ingrooves 170, thegrooves 170 in this embodiment have the reflective layer material, such as gold or aluminum or any other suitable reflective material. Without a dye layer or an appropriate substitute, however, the drive cannot write data back to the disc. -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a biodisc with only areflective layer 184.Substrate 168 of the biodisc has trackinggrooves 170 and a layer of conformingreflective material 184 on top. This embodiment does not include alacquer layer 162 and adye layer 166.Viewing window 140, which is created by removing a portion ofreflective layer 164, is covered by acap 102 of lacquer and areflective layer 148. -
FIGS. 9A-9O illustrate a method for detecting or determining the presence of target DNA in a sample in conjunction with an optical biodisc of the type described herein. InFIG. 9A , apipette 230 is loaded with a test sample that hasreporters 240 withtarget DNA 242. The disc has asubstrate 250 and areflective layer 252 oversubstrate 250.Reflective layer 252 is selectively removed (or selectively deposited initially) to have gaps where there are viewingwindows 234. Acapture layer 254 is over the substrate in theviewing windows 234, and may be over the entirereflective layer 252 as well.Capture DNA strands 244 are anchored to the capture layer inwindows 234. - The test sample is injected or deposited into
flow channel 141 through aninlet port 232. Asflow channel 141 is further filled with test sample,reporters 240 withDNA sequences 242 flow inflow channel 141 as illustrated inFIG. 9B . Whentarget DNA 242 of a specific sequence is present in the test sample, targetDNA 242 hybridizes with thecapture DNA 244, as shown inFIGS. 9C and 9D . - In this manner,
reporters 240 are retained within theviewing windows 234. Hybridization may be further facilitated byrotating disc 100 so thatreporters 240 slowly move or tumble downflow channel 141. Slow movement allows ample time for additional hybridization. After hybridization, the disc may be rotated further to clear theviewing windows 234 ofunattached reporters 240. -
Interrogation beam 152 may then be scanned throughviewing windows 234 to determine the presence ofreporters 240 as illustrated inFIG. 9D . In the event notarget DNA 242 is present, all thereporters 240 are spun downflow channel 141 whendisc 100 is rotated. In this case, wheninterrogation beam 152 is directed intoviewing windows 234, a negative reading will thereby result indicating that notarget DNA 242 was present in the sample. -
FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views ofFIGS. 9A and 9C , respectively. InFIG. 9A , captureDNA 244 is attached to thecapture layer 254 withintarget window 234. Whencomplementary target DNA 242 andreporter 240 are injected intoviewing window 140,target DNA 242 and captureDNA 244 hybridize.Interrogation beam 152 then detects forreporters 240 after unattached reporters have been washed away. -
FIG. 12 shows graphically a method for detecting reporters. InFIG. 12 , a viewing window is shown withreporters tracks reflective layer 320, which may include encoded operational information - As the light beam moves along the tracks, the amount of reflected light is high outside of the viewing window. Within the viewing window, where the reflective layer under the cap is spaced from the focal point, the amount of reflected light declines. Within the viewing window, more light is reflected when the light beam reflects off the reporter. The analysis software thus looks for a drop—and then increase in the amount of reflected light to detect the bounds of the viewing window. Within the viewing window, the analysis software looks for peaks that exceed a threshold and counts these peaks. The light then moves to the next track to be used, which may be several tracks away from the previously read track. Such a reading system is shown, for example, in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/270,095, filed Feb. 20, 2001, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
- Other detection methods may be used. The counting can be performed in hardware with edge detection circuitry. Other hardware and software methods can be used, including imaging and using image recognition software to detect individual reporters. Other detection methods may be more oriented to a yes/no decision. The boundary of the window can be determined from encoded information in the reflective layer near the window.
- Having described several embodiments of the present invention, it should be apparent that modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, the testing can be used for medical diagnostics, biological agent detection (including biological warfare), environmental testing, and forensic DNA analysis. A CD-type system can image microstructures, detect and count cells, detect microbeads (e.g., 1-6 microns) used in DNA and immuno-assays, detect colorimetric substrates used in enzymatic assays, and detect new or reported nanogold and nanocarbon. Assay techniques include Ab-Ag reaction, hybridization, enzyme cascade, chelation, binding to surface markers, and imaging by cell identification and agglutination. The references to physical relationship, such as one layer being “over” another, or light being provided to the “bottom” of the disc, are meant as terms of reference, but are not meant to literally be “over” necessarily; rather, the light could be directed from above with the structure upside down, or the disc could be on its side.
Claims (23)
1. A biodisc, comprising:
a light transmissive substrate;
a first reflective layer over the substrate having at least one opening for receiving an investigational feature;
a second reflective layer configured at least over said opening; and
a cap over the second reflective layer.
2. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is substantially circular with a diameter and thickness substantially similar to those of a compact disc.
3. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and cap each include polycarbonate.
4. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has one or more grooves formed therein.
5. The biodisc of claim 4 , wherein the grooves are used to encode data that can be read independently of the investigational feature.
6. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the first reflective layer has encoded information being readable by an optical disc drive system.
7. The biodisc of claim 1 , further comprising an adhesive layer between the substrate and the cap, the adhesive layer having at least one cut-out portion to define a fluidic circuit, the fluidic circuit including the viewing window.
8. The biodisc of claim 7 , wherein the fluidic circuit is substantially U-shaped.
9. The biodisc of claim 7 , wherein the fluidic circuit includes at least three chambers connected by passages there between.
10. The biodisc of claim 7 , wherein the cap has a port for providing access to the fluidics circuit.
11. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein a dye layer is between the substrate and the first reflective layer, the dye layer allowing information to be written to the disc.
12. The biodisc of claim 11 , said substrate comprising grooves formed therein and filled with dye.
13. The biodisc of claim 11 , said substrate comprising grooves formed therein and filled with said first reflective layer.
14. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the first reflective layer is selected from the group consisting of aluminum and gold.
15. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has grooves and the first reflective layer includes a metal layer extending into the grooves
16. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the viewing window is coplanar with the top of the substrate.
17. The biodisc of claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the viewing window extends into the substrate.
18. A biodisc comprising
a substrate;
a first reflective layer comprising a reflective material formed on said substrate, said first reflective layer comprising a first portion where there is no reflective material;
a cap disposed near said substrate, said cap and said substrate substantially in parallel along a first direction;
a second reflective layer formed on a second portion of said cap; and
wherein said first portion and second portion are aligned along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction such that the second portion of the cap covers the first portion.
19. The biodisc of claim 18 , wherein said biodisc further comprises a capture layer formed over said first portion, said capture layer comprising a chamber between said first portion and said second portion configured to receive a biological material for capturing a reporter introduced into said chamber.
20. The biodisc of claim 18 , where further said biodisc further comprises a channel layer disposed between said substrate and said cap, said channel layer comprising a patterned surface configured to define one or more fluidic channels.
21. The biodisc of claim 18 , wherein said biodisc further comprises a reservoir positioned over a portion of said one or more fluidic channels.
22. The biodisc of claim 21 , wherein said biodisc further comprises a vent connected to said reservoir.
23. A method of detecting an investigational feature using the disc of claim 1 , comprising:
introducing a sample into said opening of said first reflective layer;
exposing said sample to reporters that attach to the investigational feature;
directing a beam of light through an opening in said first reflective layer to the exposed sample such that the beam reflects off said second reflective layer;
detecting a portion of said light reflected from said second reflective layer; and
analyzing said detected light to determine the presence of reporters indicating the presence of the investigational feature.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/280,853 US20060210449A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2005-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24939100P | 2000-11-16 | 2000-11-16 | |
US25770500P | 2000-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | |
US09/999,274 US6965433B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2001-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
US11/280,853 US20060210449A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2005-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/999,274 Continuation US6965433B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2001-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060210449A1 true US20060210449A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
Family
ID=26940031
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/999,274 Expired - Fee Related US6965433B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2001-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
US11/280,853 Abandoned US20060210449A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2005-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/999,274 Expired - Fee Related US6965433B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2001-11-15 | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6965433B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002227181A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002041004A2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060187459A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-08-24 | Ok Gyeong-Sik | Portable biochip scanner using surface plasmon resonance |
US20090252651A1 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-08 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microfluidic device and method of fabricating the same |
US7659968B2 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2010-02-09 | Purdue Research Foundation | System with extended range of molecular sensing through integrated multi-modal data acquisition |
US7663092B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2010-02-16 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for phase contrast quadrature interferometric detection of an immunoassay |
US7787126B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2010-08-31 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for conjugate quadrature interferometric detection of an immunoassay |
US7910356B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2011-03-22 | Purdue Research Foundation | Multiplexed biological analyzer planar array apparatus and methods |
US8298831B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2012-10-30 | Purdue Research Foundation | Differentially encoded biological analyzer planar array apparatus and methods |
US20180364159A1 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-12-20 | Captl Llc | Particle Detection Using Reflective Surface |
US10613096B2 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2020-04-07 | Captl Llc | Multi-spectral microparticle-fluorescence photon cytometry |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6327031B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2001-12-04 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and semi-reflective optical system for carrying out analysis of samples |
EP1410044A2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2004-04-21 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Interactive system for analyzing biological samples and processing related information and the use thereof |
US7026131B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-04-11 | Nagaoka & Co., Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-discs |
US7087203B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-08-08 | Nagaoka & Co., Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-disc |
US20040248093A1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2004-12-09 | Coombs James Howard | Magneto-optical bio-discs and systems including related methods |
US20030003464A1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2003-01-02 | Phan Brigitte C. | Dual bead assays including optical biodiscs and methods relating thereto |
US20020172980A1 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-11-21 | Phan Brigitte Chau | Methods for decreasing non-specific binding of beads in dual bead assays including related optical biodiscs and disc drive systems |
AU2002219979A1 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-11 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for separating components of particulate suspension |
WO2002046761A2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-13 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Methods for detecting analytes using optical discs and optical disc readers |
US6760298B2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2004-07-06 | Nagaoka & Co., Ltd. | Multiple data layer optical discs for detecting analytes |
US7091034B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2006-08-15 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Detection system for disk-based laboratory and improved optical bio-disc including same |
US20020168652A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-11-14 | Werner Martina Elisabeth | Surface assembly for immobilizing DNA capture probes and bead-based assay including optical bio-discs and methods relating thereto |
US20020168663A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2002-11-14 | Phan Brigitte Chau | Methods for DNA conjugation onto solid phase including related optical biodiscs and disc drive systems |
EP1493014A2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2005-01-05 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Multi-parameter assays including analysis discs and methods relating thereto |
WO2004010099A2 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2004-01-29 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Variable sampling for rendering pixelization of analysis results in optical bio-disc assembly |
WO2003027723A2 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2003-04-03 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for bonded fluidic circuit for optical bio-disc |
US20040226348A1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2004-11-18 | Phillip Bruce | Magnetic assisted detection of magnetic beads using optical disc drives |
US20030129665A1 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2003-07-10 | Selvan Gowri Pyapali | Methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of cells and related optical bio-disc systems |
EP1451589A4 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2006-07-19 | Burstein Technologies Inc | Methods and apparatus for blood typing with optical bio-discs |
CA2468041A1 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-30 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Optical bio-discs and microfluidic devices for analysis of cells |
CN1625779A (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2005-06-08 | 长冈实业株式会社 | Methods and apparatus for logical triggering |
WO2003064998A2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-07 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Method for triggering through disc grooves and related optical analysis discs and system |
WO2003065355A2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-07 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Bio-safety features for optical analysis disc and disc system including same |
US20040241381A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-12-02 | Chen Yihfar | Microfluidic structures with circumferential grooves for bonding adhesives and related optical analysis discs |
US20050221048A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-10-06 | James Rodney Norton | Manufacturing processes for making optical analysis discs including successive patterning operations and optical discs thereby manufactured |
US20050176059A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-08-11 | Pal Andrew A. | Bio-safe dispenser and optical analysis disc assembly |
WO2004106925A2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-12-09 | Nagaoka & Co.Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for use in detection and quantitation of various cell types and use of optical bio-disc for performing same |
WO2004095034A1 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2004-11-04 | Nagaoka & Co., Ltd. | Optical bio-discs including spiral fluidic circuits for performing assays |
JP4151483B2 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2008-09-17 | ソニー株式会社 | Bioassay substrate and bioassay apparatus and method |
US7390464B2 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2008-06-24 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto |
WO2004113871A2 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2004-12-29 | Nagaoka & Co., Ltd. | Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto |
EP1644184A2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-04-12 | Nagaoka & Co., Ltd. | Fluidic circuits, methods and apparatus for use of whole blood samples in colorimetric assays |
US20070274863A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2007-11-29 | Horacio Kido | Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto |
US7391512B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-06-24 | Avago Technologies General Ip Pte. Ltd. | Integrated optoelectronic system for measuring fluorescence or luminescence emission decay |
EP1814137A3 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2008-04-23 | Sony DADC Austria AG | Mass spectrometry target assembly |
US8734734B2 (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2014-05-27 | LaMotte Chemical Products Company | Liquid analysis cartridge |
JPWO2015029375A1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2017-03-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Detection plate |
CN104657400B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2018-02-02 | 光宝科技股份有限公司 | Centrifugal analysis system and its analysis method |
US10606054B2 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2020-03-31 | Sony Corporation | Super-resolution far-field scanning optical microscope |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3901658A (en) * | 1974-07-30 | 1975-08-26 | Us Energy | Whole blood analysis rotor assembly having removable cellular sedimentation bowl |
US4599315A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1986-07-08 | University Of California Regents | Microdroplet test apparatus |
US5350923A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1994-09-27 | Northern Telecom Limited | Apparatus for use with analytical measuring instruments using electromagnetic radiation analysis methods |
US5457527A (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1995-10-10 | Packard Instrument Company, Inc. | Microplate forming wells with transparent bottom walls for assays using light measurements |
US6285450B1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2001-09-04 | Bradley S. Thomas | Blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
US6387331B1 (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2002-05-14 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for performing microassays |
US6388740B1 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2002-05-14 | Robert A. Levine | Method and apparatus for timing intermittent illumination of a sample tube positioned on a centrifuge platen and for calibrating a sample tube imaging system |
US6991765B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-01-31 | Flir Systems Boston, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for infrared calorimetric measurements |
US7061594B2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2006-06-13 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Disc drive system and methods for use with bio-discs |
Family Cites Families (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5737478A (en) | 1987-05-15 | 1998-04-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording apparatus for recording a first and a second information signal |
KR920700403A (en) | 1989-03-07 | 1992-02-19 | 혼고오 므쯔미 | Analysis device for liquid samples and analysis method for liquid samples using this analysis device |
US6176962B1 (en) | 1990-02-28 | 2001-01-23 | Aclara Biosciences, Inc. | Methods for fabricating enclosed microchannel structures |
US5550063A (en) | 1991-02-11 | 1996-08-27 | Biostar, Inc. | Methods for production of an optical assay device |
US5698299A (en) | 1991-02-28 | 1997-12-16 | Dyconex Patente Ag | Thin laminated microstructure with precisely aligned openings |
US5605662A (en) | 1993-11-01 | 1997-02-25 | Nanogen, Inc. | Active programmable electronic devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics |
US5953513A (en) | 1992-07-09 | 1999-09-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Recording and reproducing device for recording and reproducing information from different kinds of storage media having different sector formats |
FR2705693B1 (en) | 1993-05-24 | 1995-07-28 | Neuchatel Universite | Method of manufacturing a micro-machined device to contain or convey a fluid. |
SE501380C2 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-30 | Pharmacia Lkb Biotech | Ways to manufacture microchannel / microcavity structures |
EP1157743B1 (en) | 1993-10-28 | 2009-03-11 | Houston Advanced Research Center | Microfabricated, flowthrough porous apparatus for discrete detection of binding reactions |
US5535182A (en) | 1993-11-04 | 1996-07-09 | Nec Corporation | Optical disk apparatus and recording/reproduction method therefor |
US5825729A (en) | 1993-12-15 | 1998-10-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Information recording and/or reproducing method and apparatus in which a servo process of a light beam is interrupted between input/output control of data at predetermined periods |
US6001229A (en) | 1994-08-01 | 1999-12-14 | Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for performing microfluidic manipulations for chemical analysis |
GB9418981D0 (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1994-11-09 | Univ Glasgow | Apparatus and method for carrying out analysis of samples |
US5585069A (en) | 1994-11-10 | 1996-12-17 | David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. | Partitioned microelectronic and fluidic device array for clinical diagnostics and chemical synthesis |
SE9404166D0 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1994-11-30 | Pharmacia Biotech Ab | Multifunctional surfaces |
SE9500849D0 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1995-03-10 | Pharmacia Ab | Methods for the manufacture of micromachined structures and micromachined structures manufactured using such methods |
TW318255B (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1997-10-21 | Philips Electronics Nv | |
SE9502258D0 (en) | 1995-06-21 | 1995-06-21 | Pharmacia Biotech Ab | Method for the manufacture of a membrane-containing microstructure |
US20010055812A1 (en) | 1995-12-05 | 2001-12-27 | Alec Mian | Devices and method for using centripetal acceleration to drive fluid movement in a microfluidics system with on-board informatics |
JP3631311B2 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 2005-03-23 | 富士通株式会社 | Optical disk device |
US6042684A (en) | 1996-04-01 | 2000-03-28 | Toolex Alpha Ab | Method and apparatus for glueing together disc elements |
CN1099806C (en) | 1996-04-05 | 2003-01-22 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Multimedia optical disk on which audio data of a plurality of channels and sub-video data together with time-varying image data, and device and method of reproducing the data |
KR100246394B1 (en) | 1996-06-22 | 2000-03-15 | 구자홍 | Information recoding/reproducing apparatus and method thereof |
JP2002514046A (en) | 1996-07-08 | 2002-05-14 | バースタイン テクノロジーズ,インコーポレイティド | Devices and methods for cleavable signaling factors |
CA2301230A1 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 1998-03-26 | Digital Drives, Inc. | Spatially addressable combinatorial chemical arrays in cd-rom format |
JPH10124877A (en) | 1996-10-21 | 1998-05-15 | Sony Corp | Optical reproducing device, recording medium and tracking method |
JPH10198985A (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-31 | Sony Corp | Optical disk device |
US5959280A (en) | 1997-01-16 | 1999-09-28 | Laser Dynamics, Inc. | Multi-standard optical disk reading apparatus and method of reading using same |
US6154427A (en) | 1997-01-22 | 2000-11-28 | Sony Corporation | Recording medium, recording apparatus, reproducing method, and reproducing apparatus |
SE9700205D0 (en) | 1997-01-24 | 1997-01-24 | Peter Lindberg | Integrated microfluidic element |
WO1998037238A2 (en) | 1997-02-21 | 1998-08-27 | Burstein Laboratories, Inc. | Gene sequencer and methods |
HUP0003152A3 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2002-09-30 | Burstein Lab Inc Irvine | Laboratory in a disk |
JP3653923B2 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2005-06-02 | ソニー株式会社 | Recording / reproducing apparatus and method |
US6160953A (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2000-12-12 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | DVD-compatible optical recording disk conveying audio signals encoded both as PCM data and as single bit stream data generated by sigma-delta modulation, and encoder apparatus and decoder apparatus for same |
JP3469585B2 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 2003-11-25 | ガメラ バイオサイエンス コーポレイション | Apparatus and method for using centripetal acceleration to drive flow motion in microfluidics systems |
US5872723A (en) | 1998-02-13 | 1999-02-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | In a system for creating, reading and writing on rotatable information storage media an apparatus for determining drive mechanism aging characteristics |
US6451402B1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-09-17 | Target Technology Company, Llc | Metal alloys for the reflective or the semi-reflective layer of an optical storage medium |
US6007889A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 1999-12-28 | Target Technology, Llc | Metal alloys for the reflective or the semi-reflective layer of an optical storage medium |
WO2000005582A2 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-03 | Burstein Laboratories, Inc. | Optical disc-based assay devices and methods |
CN1332850A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2002-01-23 | 伯斯坦技术公司 | Trackable optical discs with concurrently readable analyte material |
CA2361700A1 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2000-08-10 | Europ Lab Molekularbiolog | Method of detecting analytes in a sample and support for this purpose |
DE19938839A1 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2000-08-10 | Europ Lab Molekularbiolog | Method for the detection of analytes in a measurement sample and measurement carrier therefor |
SE9903919D0 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | Amersham Pharm Biotech Ab | Device for dispensing droplets |
SE0000300D0 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2000-01-30 | Amersham Pharm Biotech Ab | Microfluidic assembly, covering method for the manufacture of the assembly and the use of the assembly |
US6734401B2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2004-05-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Enhanced sample processing devices, systems and methods |
AU2001277486A1 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-01-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Device for carrying out biochemical fluorescence tests |
-
2001
- 2001-11-15 AU AU2002227181A patent/AU2002227181A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-15 US US09/999,274 patent/US6965433B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-15 WO PCT/US2001/046157 patent/WO2002041004A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2005
- 2005-11-15 US US11/280,853 patent/US20060210449A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3901658A (en) * | 1974-07-30 | 1975-08-26 | Us Energy | Whole blood analysis rotor assembly having removable cellular sedimentation bowl |
US4599315A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1986-07-08 | University Of California Regents | Microdroplet test apparatus |
US5350923A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1994-09-27 | Northern Telecom Limited | Apparatus for use with analytical measuring instruments using electromagnetic radiation analysis methods |
US5457527A (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1995-10-10 | Packard Instrument Company, Inc. | Microplate forming wells with transparent bottom walls for assays using light measurements |
US6387331B1 (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2002-05-14 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for performing microassays |
US6285450B1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2001-09-04 | Bradley S. Thomas | Blood centrifugation device with movable optical reader |
US6388740B1 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2002-05-14 | Robert A. Levine | Method and apparatus for timing intermittent illumination of a sample tube positioned on a centrifuge platen and for calibrating a sample tube imaging system |
US7061594B2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2006-06-13 | Burstein Technologies, Inc. | Disc drive system and methods for use with bio-discs |
US6991765B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-01-31 | Flir Systems Boston, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for infrared calorimetric measurements |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060187459A1 (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-08-24 | Ok Gyeong-Sik | Portable biochip scanner using surface plasmon resonance |
US7663092B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2010-02-16 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for phase contrast quadrature interferometric detection of an immunoassay |
US7910356B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2011-03-22 | Purdue Research Foundation | Multiplexed biological analyzer planar array apparatus and methods |
US8298831B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2012-10-30 | Purdue Research Foundation | Differentially encoded biological analyzer planar array apparatus and methods |
US7659968B2 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2010-02-09 | Purdue Research Foundation | System with extended range of molecular sensing through integrated multi-modal data acquisition |
US8072585B2 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2011-12-06 | Purdue Research Foundation | System with extended range of molecular sensing through integrated multi-modal data acquisition |
US7787126B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2010-08-31 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for conjugate quadrature interferometric detection of an immunoassay |
US20090252651A1 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-08 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microfluidic device and method of fabricating the same |
US8105551B2 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2012-01-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Microfluidic device and method of fabricating the same |
US20180364159A1 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-12-20 | Captl Llc | Particle Detection Using Reflective Surface |
US10613096B2 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2020-04-07 | Captl Llc | Multi-spectral microparticle-fluorescence photon cytometry |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020163642A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
WO2002041004A2 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
WO2002041004A3 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
AU2002227181A1 (en) | 2002-05-27 |
US6965433B2 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6965433B2 (en) | Optical biodiscs with reflective layers | |
US7599275B2 (en) | Optical discs for measuring analytes | |
US7200088B2 (en) | System and method of detecting investigational features related to a sample | |
US6760298B2 (en) | Multiple data layer optical discs for detecting analytes | |
US7221632B2 (en) | Optical disc system and related detecting methods for analysis of microscopic structures | |
US6995845B2 (en) | Methods for detecting analytes using optical discs and optical disc readers | |
US7428200B2 (en) | Method for triggering through disc grooves and related optical analysis discs and system | |
KR101580848B1 (en) | Bio disc reading apparatus, and assay method using the same | |
US7390464B2 (en) | Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto | |
US20020196435A1 (en) | Apparatus and methods for separating agglutinants and disperse particles | |
US20070280859A1 (en) | Fluidic circuits for sample preparation including bio-discs and methods relating thereto | |
US20030003464A1 (en) | Dual bead assays including optical biodiscs and methods relating thereto | |
US20020172980A1 (en) | Methods for decreasing non-specific binding of beads in dual bead assays including related optical biodiscs and disc drive systems | |
US20020168663A1 (en) | Methods for DNA conjugation onto solid phase including related optical biodiscs and disc drive systems | |
US20050130294A1 (en) | Methods and apparatus for blood separation and analysis using membranes on an optical bio-disc | |
US20080094974A1 (en) | Optical disc system and related detecting methods for analysis of microscopic structures | |
EP1409996B1 (en) | Transmissive optical disc assemblies for performing physical measurements | |
US20040226348A1 (en) | Magnetic assisted detection of magnetic beads using optical disc drives | |
JP2005523684A (en) | Segment area detector for biodrive and related methods | |
EP1588355A2 (en) | Optical disc system and related methods for analysis of microscopic structures | |
WO2002068697A2 (en) | Methods for decreasing non-specific binding of beads in dual bead assays including related optical biodiscs and disc drive systems | |
EP1410025A2 (en) | Optical discs for measuring analytes | |
WO2003071395A2 (en) | Methods and an apparatus for multi-use mapping of an optical bio-disc | |
EP1409988A2 (en) | Multiple data layer optical discs for detecting analytes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |