US20060237005A1 - Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing - Google Patents
Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing Download PDFInfo
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- US20060237005A1 US20060237005A1 US11/471,620 US47162006A US2006237005A1 US 20060237005 A1 US20060237005 A1 US 20060237005A1 US 47162006 A US47162006 A US 47162006A US 2006237005 A1 US2006237005 A1 US 2006237005A1
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- humidifier
- internal
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- inlet
- outlet tube
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000001797 obstructive sleep apnea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010041235 Snoring Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 208000020685 sleep-wake disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
- A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
- A61M16/0066—Blowers or centrifugal pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
- A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
- A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/21—General characteristics of the apparatus insensitive to tilting or inclination, e.g. spill-over prevention
Abstract
A humidifier is provided including a first humidifier part, a second humidifier part connectable with the first humidifier part, and a sealing gasket disposed between the first and second humidifier parts. The second humidifier part is configured to hold a volume of liquid therein and the first and second humidifier parts and the sealing gasket define first and second internal passages within the humidifier. The first passage is disposed so as to be exposed to a surface of the volume of liquid and the second passage is isolated from at least one of the first passage and the surface of the volume of liquid. The second passage is configured to communicate with a pressure and/or sound sensing device.
Description
- The present application claims priority to Australian Provisional Applications PR3117, filed on Feb. 16, 2001 and PR7287, filed on Aug. 27, 2001, the specifications and drawings of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- The invention relates to the monitoring of air pressure signals in apparatus for treating sleep disorder breathing.
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) may be treated by the application of nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). CPAP treatment provides pressurized air or other breathable gas to the entrance of a patient's airways at a pressure elevated above atmospheric pressure. It is also known for the level of treatment pressure to vary from breath to breath in accordance with patient need, that form of CPAP being known as “automatically adjusting nasal CPAP treatment.” U.S. Pat. No. 5,704,345 describes a method and apparatus for continuously adjusting the CPAP pressure while monitoring patient respiration air flow and pressure via a pressure sensor communicated with the supply conduit extending between the mask and blower. In particular, pressure sensor is in communication with the supply conduit via an additional segment of conduit extending between the supply conduit and pressure sensor.
- Alternatively, as illustrated schematically in
FIG. 23 , a CPAP apparatus, indicated at 500 may include ablower 502 connected to amask 504 viasupply conduit 506 and apressure transducer 508 is in communication with themask 504 itself via amonitoring conduit 510. Thepressure transducer 508 is located within theCPAP apparatus 500 and is in communication with aCPU 512. TheCPU 512 is connected to theblower 502 in such a manner to be capable of controlling an output thereof based on parameters sensed by thepressure transducer 508. - In one embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,995, illustrated schematically in
FIG. 24 , apressure transducer 514 is incorporated into themask 504 itself and is in communication with theCPU 512 via awire 516. In another embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,995, a microphone is connected to the mask and in communication with the CPU via a wire. - Some of the embodiments described above and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,704,345 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,995 may utilize additional tubing or wiring to connect the monitoring device (e.g., pressure transducer and/or microphone) on the mask or supply conduit to the controller within the CPAP apparatus. These arrangements are disadvantageous, however, since the additional tubes or wires are difficult to manipulate and can tangle. Additionally, embodiments incorporating a monitoring device into the mask itself are often uncomfortable for the users.
- Other CPAP apparatus embodiments utilize a monitoring device within the blower itself, such as schematically illustrated in
FIG. 25 . Due to the relative proximity between theblower 502 andCPU 512, the monitoring device 508 (e.g., pressure transducer) may be communicated with theCPU 512 without necessitating use of superfluous lengths of additional tubing. However, signals measured in theblower 502 must be corrected with a corresponding correction factor for any changes which may occur in the signal's communication from themask 504, along thesupply conduit 506 to theblower 502. For example, when using an accessory such as a humidifier indicated at 520 inFIG. 26 , which may behave as a muffler attenuating the AC component of the pressure signal, theCPU 512 may not be able to correct for the added attenuation, for example, if the level of attenuation is variable, such as due to varying levels of liquid within the humidifier. Alternatively, the correction factor may need to be altered for use with an accessory such as a humidifier. However, continued correction for accessories may degrade the accuracy of the corrected value. - The use of an accessory such as a humidifier may be desirable, however. Some patients find treatment more comfortable if the air from the blower outlet is humidified, which can be achieved by placing a humidifier in between the blower and the supply conduit. The humidifier includes a chamber containing a volume of water, which water acts to humidify the breathable air flowing through the humidifier. However as discussed above, the presence of the humidifier in the air flow path alters and may degrade the air pressure signal which can be detected by transducers in the blower.
- One embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,997, schematically illustrated in
FIG. 27 , discloses using asecond conduit 522 to connect apressure transducer 508 inside theCPAP apparatus 500 to a point in thesupply conduit 506 between thehumidifier 520 and themask 504. However, thesecond conduit 522 represents additional componentry which can be an inconvenience for the patient and the clinician administering use of the CPAP apparatus. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,997, thesecond conduit 522 extends externally of thehumidifier 520. Such extra tubing may tangle easily and become disconnected. This is disadvantageous, since typical patients have poor dexterity and the pressure and/or snore signal is used to maintain the intended therapy. - Apparatuses utilizing additional tubing are also disadvantageous, as cleaning and disinfection may be difficult. Disinfection prevents cross-infection of patients using a shared blower.
- Another attempt to diminish signal attenuation is schematically illustrated in
FIGS. 28 and 29 and are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/099,665, incorporated herein by reference. In the embodiment ofFIGS. 28-29 , the humidifier can be removed and replaced with appropriate tubing and/or a conduitFIG. 29 shows the humidifier after its removal, with the appropriate tubing/conduit in its place. Like he embodiment ofFIG. 27 , the pressure transducer inFIG. 28 is between the humidifier and the mask, which avoids routing the signal through the humidifier. - It is one aspect of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate the above disadvantages or at least provide a useful alternative.
- It is another aspect to provide a humidifier for a CPAP apparatus with first and second passages, one of which avoids the degradation of measurement signals typically incurred due to attenuation within the humidifier.
- It is another aspect to provide a humidifier for a CPAP apparatus with first and second passages, wherein the first and second passages are formed integrally with the humidifier.
- It is yet another aspect to provide a humidifier for a CPAP apparatus which has separable componentry that separates to substantially entirely expose the interiors of the components.
- It is another aspect to provide a humidifier for a CPAP apparatus that is relatively easier to manufacture than prior art humidifiers.
- It is another aspect to provide a humidifier for a CPAP apparatus that is relatively easier to assemble than prior art humidifiers.
- It is another aspect to provide a humidifier for a CPAP apparatus that is relatively easier to disassemble than prior art humidifiers.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a humidifier including a first humidifier part, a second humidifier part connectable with the first humidifier part, and a sealing gasket disposed between the first and second humidifier parts. The second humidifier part is configured to hold a volume of liquid therein and the first and second humidifier parts and the sealing gasket define first and second internal passages within the humidifier. The first passage is disposed so as to be exposed to a surface of the volume of liquid and the second passage is isolated from at least one of the first passage and the surface of the volume of liquid. The second passage is configured to communicated with a pressure and/or sound sensing device.
- In this manner, a pressure signal may be detected within the isolated second passage without degrading the signal by attenuation within the first passage.
- It is contemplated that the first and second humidifier parts may be separable from one another in a manner such that walls of the first and second internal passages may be substantially entirely exposed.
- In this manner, the first and second humidifier parts may be separated so as to substantially entirely expose the interiors thereof in order to easily clean and disinfect the interiors.
- A portion of an internal surface of the first humidifier part may define at least one internal wall of the second internal passage.
- The first humidifier part may include a top wall, a peripherally extending side wall extending downwardly from the top wall, and an internal wall structure extending downwardly from the top wall generally parallel to and inwardly spaced from the peripherally extending side wall. The internal wall structure, portions of the top wall and portions of the peripherally extending side walls may define corresponding internal walls of the internal passage.
- A portion of a surface of the sealing member may define a corresponding internal wall of the internal passage.
- The first humidifier part may include first and second inlet tubes and an outlet tube, the first inlet tube and outlet tube may be communicated with the first internal passage, and the second inlet tube and the outlet tube may be communicated with the second internal passage.
- The outlet tube may extend from the internal wall structure of the first humidifier part in such a manner to be communicated with the first internal passage to outside of the humidifier and the second internal passage may be communicated with the outlet tube via at least one aperture formed in the outlet tube.
- The at least one aperture may be provided by a pair of apertures.
- The first inlet tube may extend from the internal wall structure of the first humidifier part in such a manner to be communicated with the first internal passage to outside of the humidifier, and the second inlet tube may extend from the peripherally extending side wall of the first humidifier part in such a manner to be communicated with the second internal passage to the aperture within the outlet tube.
- The second inlet tube may be coaxial with and surround the first inlet tube.
- The first and second humidifier parts may be formed from a relatively rigid polymer material and the sealing gasket may be formed from a relatively resilient material.
- It is also contemplated that the humidifier may include a heater configured to raise a temperature of the volume of liquid within the humidifier.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes a CPAP apparatus including a humidifier of the embodiment described above.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes a method of determining pressure within a conduit supplying breathable gas from a CPAP apparatus to a patient mask. The method includes providing a humidifier with first and second internal passages therein. The first passage is disposed win the humidifier so as to be exposed to a surface of a volume of liquid present within the humidifier and the second passage is isolated from the first passage. The method includes supplying the breathable gas to a first inlet tube of the humidifier in communication with the first internal passage so that breathable gas flowing therethrough is humidified by contact with the volume of liquid and is communicated with an outlet tube of the humidifier. Furthermore, the method includes providing an aperture within the outlet tube in communication with the second internal passage and measuring a pressure within the second internal passage to determine pressure within the outlet tube.
- Although certain embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described herein as having certain features, one skilled in the art would recognize that alternative embodiments of the invention could be provided based on at least one or more features, either individually or in combination, of the illustrated and described embodiments.
- The benefits of the present invention will be readily appreciated and understood from consideration of the following detailed description of embodiments of this invention, when taken with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a humidifier according to one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the humidifier shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a bottom perspective view of a top cover of the humidifier shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a top view of the top cover of the humidifier shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view through line 5-5 ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view through line 6-6 ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view through line 7-7 ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 8 is a front perspective partial sectional view of the assembled humidifier shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 9 is a top view of the assembled humidifier shown inFIG. 1 : -
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view through line 10-10 ofFIG. 9 ; -
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view through line 11-11 ofFIG. 9 ; -
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the humidifier schematically showing the direction of travel of breathable gas from the blower through the humidifier; -
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a humidifier and connecting structure according to another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the connecting structure shown inFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 15 is a bottom view of the humidifier shown inFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 16 is a rear perspective view of the humidifier and connecting structure shown inFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of the connecting structure shown inFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a humidifier and heater according to another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the heater shown inFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 20 is a bottom view of the humidifier shown inFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 23-23 inFIG. 20 ; -
FIG. 22 is a rear perspective view of the humidifier and heater shown inFIG. 18 ; -
FIGS. 23-27 are schematic views of prior art CPAP apparatuses; and -
FIGS. 28-29 are schematic views of related art CPAP apparatuses. -
FIG. 1 shows one contemplated embodiment of ahumidifier 10 according to the present invention. Thehumidifier 10 includes aninlet 12 and anoutlet 14, both being communicated with an interior of thehumidifier 10. Thehumidifier inlet 12 is adapted for detachable connection to an output of a CPAP or NIPPV (Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation) apparatus (not shown), which includes a blower for providing a supply of pressurized breathable gas to thehumidifier 10. Theoutlet 14 is connectable to an outlet conduit (not shown) leading to and communicated with a patient, e.g., via a mask, and a monitoring conduit in communication with a pressure and/or sound sensing device (e.g., pressure transducer, microphone, etc.) within the CPAP or NIPPV apparatus. Air from the blower enters theinlet 12 and collects moisture through contact with the water within thehumidifier 10, before continuing on to theoutlet 14 and to the patient. Thehumidifier 10 includes a first humidifier part, ortop cover 20 and a second humidifier part, orbase 24, which are held together, for example, with a pair of sliding retaining clips 74. It is contemplated that thetop cover 20 andbase 24 may alternatively be secured to one another by, for example, having a snapfit configuration, or use of other suitable fastening arrangements. Additionally, thetop cover 20 may be formed with arecess 110 therein, discussed further below. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , thehumidifier 10 includes agasket 22 between thetop cover 20 andbase 24. Thetop cover 20 may be formed from a relatively rigid polymer material, such as polysulfone (for example, grade UDEL P1700, manufactured by BP Amoco Polymers) and includes theinlet 12 and theoutlet 14. Thegasket 22 may be formed of a relatively resilient material, such as silicone rubber (for example, SILASTIC 94-595-HC, manufactured by Dow Corning), and is divided into first andsecond sections channel structure 30. Thefirst section 26 may include a first vertically extendingaperture 32. Thesecond section 28 may include a plurality of second vertically extendingapertures 34, which are separated from each other byribs 36. Thegasket 22 may include a sealingflange 40 formed about a periphery thereof. - It is contemplated that the base 24 may be formed from a relatively rigid polymer material, such as that used to form the
top cover 20, and includes areceptacle 42 formed therewithin, abottom wall 44,side walls 46 extending upwardly from thebottom wall 44, and aledge portion 48. The base 24 may also include aremovable bridge structure 50. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , an interior of thetop cover 20 may include adivider wall structure 38 that is positioned corresponding to thechannel structure 30 of thegasket 22. The interior of thetop cover 20 may also be formed with aninternal wall structure 56, discussed below. As also shown inFIG. 3 , thehumidifier inlet 12 includes a pair of concentric tubes, aninner tube 16 and anouter tube 18. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a general arrangement of theinlet 12 andoutlet 14 relative to thetop cover 20. As shown, theinlet 12 andoutlet 14 are disposed on opposite sides of thetop cover 20 and at opposite ends thereof Also, theinlet 12 andoutlet 14 may be formed to extend generally parallel to one another. However, theinlet 12 andoutlet 14 may alternatively be formed in any other relative arrangement. Thetop cover 20 includes atop wall 52,side walls 54 extending generally downwardly from thetop wall 52, and theinternal wall structure 56 also extending downwardly from thetop wall 52. As shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 , theinternal wall structure 56 is generally parallel to and spaced inwardly from theside walls 54 to define aspace 58 therebetween. Referring toFIG. 5 , theinner tube 16 of theinlet 12 extends through thespace 58 and provides anopening 64 within theinternal wall structure 56 so as to be communicated with the interior of thehumidifier 10. Theouter tube 18 may be coaxial with and may surround theinner tube 16. Theouter tube 18 provides anopening 66 within theside wall 54 and communicates with thespace 58. In lieu of theconcentric tubes inlet 12 may be provided with a pair of inlet tubes, which communicate with the interior of thehumidifier 10 andspace 58, respectively, that are not concentric with one another. For example, it is contemplated that the inlet tubes may be arranged in a parallel, side-by-side manner, or any other suitable manner. It is also contemplated that the inlet tubes may be integrally formed, mechanically fastened to one another, or completely separate components. As shown inFIG. 7 , thehumidifier outlet 14 extends through thespace 58 and provides anopening 60 within theinternal wall structure 56. At least oneaperture 62 is formed in theoutlet tube 14 in a location between theside walls 54 and theinternal wall structure 56, and is thus in communication with thespace 58 - As shown in
FIG. 8 , thegasket 22 is formed with aledge receiving channel 68, which is defined on an outer side thereof by sealingflange 40. Theledge receiving channel 68 engages an exterior side of theledge portion 48. Thechannel 68 also includes a plurality of sealinglips 70 that are configured to resiliently engage an interior surface of theledge portion 48. Engagement of theflange 40 andlips 70 provides a resilient sealing connection between thegasket 22 andbase 24. As also shown, thebridge structure 50 serves to intermediately support thegasket 22. In particular, a downwardly facing surface of thechannel structure 30 is vertically supported on an upwardly facing surface of thebridge structure 50. - To assemble the
humidifier 10, thegasket 22 is attached to thebase 24, such that theledge portion 48 is received within theflange 40. Thetop cover 20 is brought into engagement with thegasket 22, such that theinternal wall structure 56 is received within awall receiving channel 72 in thegasket 22. Theinternal wail structure 56 is engaged within thechannel 72, thereby forming a resilient sealing connection with thegasket 22 and effectively enclosingspace 58. Additionally, the dividingwall structure 38 is received within thechannel 30. As discussed above and shown inFIG. 1 , thetop cover 20 is then secured to thebase 24, e.g., via slidingclips 74 on either side of thetop cover 20, to ensure that thetop cover 20 andbase 24 remain together when the air within the humidifier is at a higher pressure than ambient pressure. -
FIG. 9 is a top view of the assembledhumidifier 10.FIGS. 10 and 11 are sectional views of the assembledhumidifier 10 shown inFIG. 9 . As shown inFIG. 10 , an upwardly facing surface of thefirst section 26 of thegasket 22, a portion of thetop wall 52, thedivider wall structure 38, and portions of theinternal wall structure 56 together define anupper chamber 76. Thereceptacle 42 of the base 24 together with a downwardly facing surface of thegasket 22 define alower chamber 78. Referring back toFIG. 8 , theupper chamber 76 is in communication with theinner tube 16 of theinlet 12 and thelower chamber 78 is in communication with theoutlet 14 via thesecond apertures 34. Theupper chamber 76 and thelower chamber 78 are in communication with each other via thefirst aperture 32. As shown inFIG. 11 , thespace 58 is thus sealed by thegasket 22 to form aninternal passage 80. Theinternal passage 80 is thus defined by cooperating surfaces of thetop wall 52,side walls 54,gasket 22, and theinternal wall structure 56. - In use, a predetermined maximum volume of water, indicated at 82 in
FIG. 12 , is poured into thereceptacle 42 of thebase 24, e.g., after removing thetop cover 20 and the sealinggasket 22. Thetop cover 20 and the sealinggasket 22 are reattached to the base 24 after filling thereceptacle 42. In this manner, the volume ofwater 82 is held in thelower chamber 78. Air from the blower enters via theinner tube 16 of theinlet 12 and travels along theupper chamber 76 and into thefirst aperture 32. The air enters thelower chamber 78 where it is humidified by contact with the water, before exiting throughapertures 34 in thegasket 22, and then out throughoutlet 14. It is contemplated that theinlet tube 16, thefirst chamber 76, theaperture 32, thesecond chamber 78, thesecond apertures 34, and theoutlet 14 effectively define an internal fluid passage, indicated at 99 inFIG. 12 , by which the breathable gas flows through thehumidifier 10. - The
outer tube 18 is connected to a monitoring conduit in the NIPPV or CPAP apparatus for communication with a sensing device (e.g., pressure transducer, microphone, etc.) in the NIPPV or CPAP apparatus. The aperture 62 (FIG. 3 ) and the internal passage 80 (FIGS. 10 and 11 ) thus provide communication between theoutlet 14 and the sensing device, which allows for monitoring of parameters of the flow of breathable gas between the mask andoutlet 14, such as pressure and/or noise levels thereof. A correction factor which allows for a degree of signal attenuation within the supply conduit between the mask andoutlet 14 may be used to estimate an actual signal level at the mask based on the level of the parameter sensed atoutlet 14 and the flow delivered by the flow generator. The sensing device is associated with the NIPPV or CPAP apparatus blower for increasing or decreasing the output of the blower to the humidifier, as required. Thus, the parameter of the breathable gas flow at thehumidifier outlet 16 during use can be monitored and the blower output can be adjusted as required. Additionally, the humidifier outlet can be monitored without signal attenuation from the volume of water within the humidifier and/or the internal configuration of the humidifier and without inconvenient extra components. - It is contemplated that the at least one
aperture 62 may be provided by a pair or more of apertures in theoutlet tube 14 to decrease likelihood of a water droplet from the humid air blocking a single aperture. Thehumidifier 10 is formed with the upper andlower chambers humidifier 10 as described in co-pending Applications incorporated above, as well as co-pending application No. WO ______, entitled “A Humidifier”, filed on even date herewith and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. - A particular advantage of the preferred embodiment is convenience and usability. Patients who may have poor dexterity, and clinicians are not burdened with manipulating small tubing. Further, cleaning and disinfection are also easier, because substantially the entire interior of the
internal passage 80 is exposed when the humidifier is opened (i.e., whentop cover 20 andgasket 22 are separated from each other). It is contemplated that materials for construction of thetop cover 20, thegasket 22 and the base 24 may be chosen so as to enable various disinfecting or sterilizing methods to be used such as steam autoclaving, chemical cleaning and gamma ray sterilizing. - Additionally, the integral nature of the
internal passage 80 significantly reduces componentry of the humidifier, which reduces manufacturing costs of the humidifier. This is particularly relevant when thetop cover 20,gasket 22, andbase 24 are formed from molded polymer materials, such as described above. The humidifier also provides for relatively simplistic assembly and disassembly. The ease of assembly provides further manufacturing cost savings, since there is very little time involved in assembling the components of the humidifier. Prior art humidifiers, which require use of mechanical fasteners, adhesives, connection of fittings and/or additional tubing may have substantially increased manufacturing costs. The ease of assembly and disassembly may also be advantageous for end users, such as patients and clinicians who regularly disassemble and assemble the humidifier, such as to fill and/or clean it, as discussed above. - In the illustrated embodiment, the
humidifier 10 has a generally trapezoidal shape. It is contemplated that thehumidifier 10 may also be configured with any other suitable shape, such as rectangular or semi-circular. It is also contemplated that thehumidifier 10 may have any suitable dimensions. For example, thehumidifier 10 may be configured with a height of about 9 cm, a width of 14 cm to 18 cm and a depth of about 12 cm. Theoutlet 14 may have an inner diameter of about 2 cm. Theapertures 62 in theoutlet 14 may have a diameter of about 2 mm. Theinlet 14 may have an inner diameter of about 1.8 cm and theouter tube 18 may have an inner diameter of about 3 cm. Thepassage 80 may have an approximately rectangular section with a height of about 1 cm to 3 cm. - As mentioned, the
outlet 14 is connectable with an outlet conduit having a patient mask at one end. In an alternative embodiment, thepassage 80 may be in communication with thehumidifier outlet 14 at the patient mask via a third conduit, rather than throughapertures 62. The third conduit can be integral with the outlet conduit or separate thereto. The third conduit may be internal or external of the outlet conduit. - Although preferred forms of the present invention have been described, it will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that modifications to the above embodiments can be made. For example, the present invention can be used in a humidifier which does not include the
gasket 22. In such an embodiment, thepassage 80 may be formed by having theinternal protrusion 56 extending from thetop wall 52 to thebottom wall 42 of thebase 24. In another alternative embodiment, one of the internal walls of thepassage 80 can be formed by a curved wall of the top cover, rather than the top and side wall(s) thereof. As a further alternative, the internal protrusion can be L-shaped and attached to a humidifier wall to form the passage with the gasket. Also, thepassage 80 does not have to extend about the entire periphery of thehumidifier 10 and can only extend about at least part thereof. - It is contemplated that the
humidifier 10 may be used as a retrofit or add-on component for a CPAP apparatus. To facilitate this usage, it may be preferable to provide an adapter or a connecting structure 100 (FIG. 13 ) that is configured to connect between the NIPPV or CPAP apparatus and thehumidifier 10. As shown inFIG. 13 , the connectingstructure 100 includes ahousing 102 that provides a generally horizontally extendingreceptacle 104 within which thehumidifier 10 may be disposed. Thehousing 102 provides abase portion 106 that is configured to support thehumidifier 10 thereon and a retainingportion 108 configured to secure thehumidifier 10 in position. As shown inFIG. 14 , the retainingportion 108 extends generally parallel to thebase portion 106 and is spaced above thebase portion 106. As discussed above, thehumidifier 10 may be formed with the recess 110 (FIG. 1 ) that is open and of a complimentary shape to receive the retainingportion 108 therein. A forward portion of thebase portion 106 may include generally upwardlyopen recesses 134, which will be discussed further below. - To facilitate connection of the
humidifier 10 to the connectingstructure 100, it is contemplated that another embodiment of a humidifier, indicated at 120 inFIG. 15 , may include asecuring mechanism 122. As shown, thesecuring mechanism 122 includes a resiliently biasedpull member 124 that is formed with one or more locking lugs 126 extending generally downwardly therefrom. Thepull member 124 is disposed at a forward end (assuming the rearward end of thehumidifier 120 is adjacent the connecting structure 100) of thehumidifier 120 and is resiliently biased by a pair ofresilient legs 128. Rearward portions of thelegs 128 are relatively securely retained within correspondingpocket structures 130 provided on a bottom side of thehumidifier 120.Ribs 132 extend downwardly from the bottom side of thehumidifier 120 and engage an intermediary portion of thelegs 128 to define a space between theresilient legs 128 and the bottom side of thehumidifier 120. In this manner, thepull member 124 is biased generally downwardly by theresilient legs 128, but may be manually moved (e.g., pulled) upward against a resilient bias of thelegs 128. - As discussed above, the
base portion 106 may include the generally upwardly open lug receiving recesses 134 (FIG. 14 ) within which thelugs 126 may be disposed when thehumidifier 120 is disposed within thereceptacle 104. As thehumidifier 120 is inserted withinreceptacle 104, thelegs 128 resiliently bias thelugs 126 intorecesses 134. Thelugs 126 and recesses 134 thereby secure thehumidifier 120 within thereceptacle 104. To remove thehumidifier 120 from thereceptacle 104, thepull member 124 is pulled upwardly to withdraw thelugs 126 from therecesses 134. Thehumidifier 120 may then be pulled generally horizontally out of thereceptacle 104. -
FIG. 16 shows a rearward side of the connectingstructure 100. The rearward side of the connectingstructure 100 provides aretaining mechanism 140 to secure the connectingstructure 100 to the CPAP apparatus. Theretaining mechanism 140 may include a series ofapertures 142 within the rearward portion of thehousing 102. Theapertures 142 may receive therein, for example, prongs or tabs (not shown) provided by the NIPPV or CPAP apparatus. As shown inFIG. 17 , within eachaperture 142, a lockingmember 144 may be provided that is resiliently biased toward a position that partially encloses therespective aperture 142. As also shown inFIG. 17 , abutton structure 146 may be coupled to the lockingmembers 144, such that manual movement of thebutton structure 146 moves the lockingmembers 144 out of their biased positions to substantially filly open theapertures 142. It is contemplated that the tabs or prongs on the CPAP apparatus are provided with a groove therein such that when positioned within theapertures 142, the lockingmembers 144 engage within respective grooves to thereby securely and detachably retain the connectingstructure 100 to the CPAP apparatus. - Referring back to
FIG. 16 , thehousing 102 of the connectingstructure 100 may be provided with anopening 148 that allows theinlet 12 of the humidifier to extend therethrough so as to be connected to the CPAP apparatus. - As discussed previously, in certain circumstances, it may be desirable to provide heated humid air to the respirator mask. Accordingly, another embodiment of the connecting structure, indicated at 150 in
FIG. 18 , may include aheater 152. The connectingstructure 150 may include ahousing 154 that provides abase portion 156 and retainingportion 158, similar to thehousing 102 described above. As shown inFIG. 18 , the retainingportion 158 may include a controller such as a knob or other selectingdevice 160 thereon to control a heat setting of theheater 152. It is also contemplated that thecontroller 160 may include a display device, such as an LCD screen. - As shown in
FIG. 19 , thebase portion 156 may include aheating element 162 thereon. Theheating element 162 may be in the form of a substantially flat plate-like resistance heater, which heat generated thereby may be directly controlled by thecontroller 160. - As shown in
FIG. 20 , another embodiment of the humidifier is indicated at 170. Thehumidifier 170 is disposed within areceptacle 172 provided by thehousing 154. It is contemplated that thehumidifier 170 has the same basic construction as thehumidifiers humidifier 170 may include aheating plate 174 to facilitate heating of the liquid contained therein. In particular, anopening 176 is provided within abottom wall 178 of thehumidifier 170. Theheating plate 174 is shaped to fit within theopening 176, as shown inFIG. 20 . As shown in more detail inFIG. 21 , theheating plate 174 includes an upstandingperipheral wall 180 which includes an outwardly extendingperipheral lip 182. Aresilient seal member 184 is disposed about an outer periphery of theperipheral wall 180 in contact with theperipheral lip 182. A ring-like retaining member 186 may be press fit onto theperipheral wall 180 to retain theseal 184 in position on theperipheral wall 180. The retainingmember 186 includes an outwardly extending flange-structure 188. Theseal 184 is disposed between theperipheral lip 182 andflange structure 188. It is contemplated that the retainingmember 186 may be press fit onto theheating plate 174, as described above, or may be formed in one piece therewith. Thebottom wall 178 of thehumidifier 170 is formed with an annularupstanding flange 190 which receives theheating plate 174. It is contemplated that theflange 190 may be slightly tapered inwardly in the upward direction to ease insertion of theheating plate 174. As shown, theflange 190 may include a generally horizontally extendinglip structure 192 that vertically retains theheating plate 174. - Referring to
FIGS. 19-21 , with thehumidifier 170 in position within thereceptacle 172, a bottom surface of theheating plate 174 is in contact with an upper surface of theheating element 162. In this manner, a heat generated by theheating element 162 is conductively transferred to theheating plate 174. The liquid within thehumidifier 170 is exposed to an upper surface of theheating plate 174 and conducts heat therefrom. It is contemplated that a temperature of the liquid within thehumidifier 170 may be controlled by manipulation of thecontroller 160. - It is also contemplated that the
heating element 162 may be upwardly resiliently biased to ensure adequate contact between theheating element 162 and theheating plate 174. - As shown in
FIG. 22 , a rearward portion of the connectingstructure 150 may include a plurality of generally outwardly extendingcontact elements 194. It is contemplated that thecontact element 194 may communicate with a power supply within the CPAP apparatus and/or a controller and/or sensors. In this manner, power may be delivered to theheater 152 directly from the CPAP apparatus. Additionally, a controller within the CPAP apparatus itself may control theheater 152. Furthermore, it is contemplated that sensors within the CPAP apparatus may monitor a heat output of theheater 152. Moreover, it may be possible for a CPAP apparatus to automatically adjust a heat output of theheater 152 based on a measured temperature thereof or of the water within the humidifier or of the breathable air exiting the humidifier.
Claims (16)
1. A humidifier comprising:
a first humidifier part,
a second humidifier part connectable with the first humidifier part, and
a sealing gasket disposed between the first and second humidifier parts; wherein
the second humidifier part is configured to hold a volume of liquid therein, the first and second humidifier parts and the sealing gasket define first and second internal passages within the humidifier, and the first passage is disposed so as to be exposed to a surface of the volume of liquid and the second passage being isolated from at least one of the first passage and the surface of the volume of liquid, the second passage being configured to communicate with a pressure and/or sound sensing device.
2. The humidifier according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second humidifier parts are separable from one another in a manner such that walls of the first and second internal passages are substantially entirely exposed.
3. The humidifier according to claim 1 , wherein a portion of an internal surface of the first humidifier part defines at least one internal wall of the second internal passage.
4. The humidifier according to claim 3 , wherein the first humidifier part includes a top wall, a peripherally extending side wall extending downwardly from the top wall, and an internal wall structure (extending downwardly from the top wall generally parallel to and inwardly spaced from the peripherally extending side wall, and the internal wall structure, portions of the top wall, and portions of the peripherally extending side walls define corresponding internal walls of the second internal passage.
5. The humidifier according to claim 4 , wherein a portion of a surface of the sealing gasket defines a corresponding internal wall of the second internal passage.
6. The humidifier according to claim 1 , wherein the first humidifier part includes first and second inlet tubes and an outlet tube, the first inlet tube and outlet tube being communicated with the first internal passage, and the second inlet tube and the outlet tube being communicated with the second internal passage.
7. The humidifier according to claim 6 , wherein the outlet tube extends from the internal wall structure of the first humidifier part in such a manner to be communicated with the first internal passage to outside of the humidifier, and the second internal passage is communicated with the outlet tube via at least one aperture formed in the outlet tube.
8. The humidifier according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one aperture is provided by a pair of apertures.
9. The humidifier according to claim 7 , wherein the first inlet tube extends from the internal wall structure of the first humidifier part in such a manner to be communicated with the first internal passage to outside of the humidifier, and the second inlet tube extends from the peripherally extending side wall of the first humidifier part in such a manner to be communicated with the second internal passage to the aperture within the outlet tube.
10. The humidifier according to claim 9 , wherein the second inlet tube is coaxial with and surrounds the first inlet tube.
11. The humidifier according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second humidifier parts are formed from a relatively rigid polymer material and the sealing gasket is formed from a relatively resilient material.
12. The humidifier according to claim 1 , further comprising a heater configured to raise a temperature of the volume of liquid within the humidifier.
13. The humidifier according to claim 1 , wherein the first humidifier part includes an inlet having first and second inlet portions directed to the first and second internal passages, respectively.
14. The humidifier according to claim 13 , wherein the first and second inlet portions are coaxial.
15. A CPAP apparatus including a humidifier according to claim 1 .
16. A method of determining pressure within a conduit supplying breathable gas from a CPAP apparatus to a patient mask, the method comprising:
providing a humidifier with first and second internal passages therein, wherein the first passage is disposed within the humidifier so as to be exposed to a surface of a volume of liquid present within the humidifier and the second passage is isolated from the first passage;
supplying the breathable gas to a first inlet tube of the humidifier in communication with the first internal passage so that breathable gas flowing therethrough is humidified by contact with the volume of liquid and is communicated with an outlet tube of the humidifier;
providing an aperture within the outlet tube in communication with the second internal passage; and
measuring a pressure within the second internal passage to determine pressure within the outlet tube.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/471,620 US20060237005A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-06-21 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AUPR3117 | 2001-02-16 | ||
AUPR3117A AUPR311701A0 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2001-02-16 | Humidifier with spill protection |
AUPR7287 | 2001-08-27 | ||
AUPR7287A AUPR728701A0 (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2001-08-27 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
US10/467,304 US7137388B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-14 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
PCT/AU2002/000156 WO2002066107A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-14 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
US11/471,620 US20060237005A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-06-21 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
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US10/467,304 Continuation US7137388B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-14 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
PCT/AU2002/000156 Continuation WO2002066107A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-14 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
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US20060237005A1 true US20060237005A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
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US11/471,620 Abandoned US20060237005A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2006-06-21 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
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US10/467,304 Expired - Fee Related US7137388B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-02-14 | Air pressure signal monitoring in apparatus for treating sleep disordered breathing |
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US (2) | US7137388B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1359963B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004524088A (en) |
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HK (1) | HK1065265A1 (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2002066107A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1491123A (en) | 2004-04-21 |
JP2004524088A (en) | 2004-08-12 |
WO2002066107A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
EP1359963A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
US7137388B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
NZ527089A (en) | 2005-09-30 |
EP1359963B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
EP1359963A4 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
US20040055597A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
HK1065265A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 |
CN1304068C (en) | 2007-03-14 |
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Legal Events
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |