US20060283742A1

US20060283742A1 - Multi-lamp display packaging for lamps with collapsible lampshades

Info

Publication number: US20060283742A1
Application number: US11/505,523
Authority: US
Inventors: Chou Bin; Michael Perillo
Original assignee: Canel Lighting Co Ltd; Design Solutions International Inc
Current assignee: Canel Lighting Co Ltd; Design Solutions International Inc
Priority date: 2005-06-16
Filing date: 2006-08-17
Publication date: 2006-12-21

Abstract

A lamp and collapsible lampshade packaging, shipping and display device comprising a shell, within which a set of lampshade enclosure panels house collapsible lampshades and an enclosure insert houses floor lamp pole sections and collectively upon which a set of lamps, varying in style and type may be loaded and attached for shipping, storage and ultimately, display such that the entire device houses a complete set of lamps, lampshades and mounting hardware in one space-efficient package.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/154,318 filed Jun. 16, 2005, now pending.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of packaging for electric lamps. More specifically, the present invention is a packing, shipping, storage and display packaging device for a set of lamps with collapsible shades.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many types of packaging cartons are available in the marketplace which are prepared from blanks made from cardboard, plastic or other suitably flexi-stiff materials. Flexi-stiff materials are generally flexible enough for bending into place during assembly but stiff enough to retain their shape afterwards. The blanks are pre-dimensioned, pre-creased and pre-cut into sections such that when the so-defined areas are separated, folded and inter-connected, the assembled product is suitable for use in the packaging, shipping, storage and/or display of an article for which it is designed to contain.
Many versions of packaging cartons have been designed for use with lamps and lampshades. Some of these provide containment for the lamps with a separate containment for the shades. Others provide for joint packaging of the lamp and shade. For example, Humphrey in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,325,209 and 6,419,085 teaches the use of packaging designed to store and protect the lamp during shipment and display. One embodiment displays only the lamp, and another displays the lamp and part of the shade.
In the above referenced co-pending application Ser. No. 11/154,318, a packaging device is disclosed wherein a combination view of the lamp with the shade is provided for displaying the lamp and shade together where display space for the shade is limited. In this inventive concept, a collapsible lampshade is stored behind a trunk insert panel, which via a viewing hole through the panel, allows a viewer of the packaging device to see the color and texture of the lampshade.
While the above invention provides a greater measure of utility than its predecessors, it is still lacking in beneficial utility. For example, the referenced packaging device is useful for packaging and displaying multiple lamps of a similar design by simply expanding the width/depth of the packaging device to accommodate the number of lamps/lampshades desired to be displayed. However, it is not particularly well suited to packaging a variety of different type lamps belonging to a generic decorative style as might be purchased as a set, say for lighting an entire room. Such a set may comprise a pair of table lamps, an accent lamp and a floor lamp. The current art does not provide for suitable packaging for a set of these types of lamps together with their respective collapsible shades.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A lamp packaging device is disclosed which provides a useful shipping and storage container as well as a convenient display box for a set of different type lamps belonging to a generic style of lamp with collapsible-shades. The packaging device is designed to hold the lamps within a set of penetrations and recesses and to hold the collapsible lampshades within a set of compartments, located generally behind the lamps within the device. The device comes with a representative photograph depicting the set of lamps fully assembled and with their lampshades mounted. This photograph is affixed to the device in at least one prominent location, permitting a seller of such lamps to display both the physical set of lamps as well as a view of them as they might look during use.
In a first embodiment, the device comprises an outer shell and a series of lamp base holders, inner panels for partitioning areas housing collapsible shades and an insert where certain parts of oversized lamps, in particular, floor lamps, may be stored out of sight. The shell comprises a bottom receptacle, a primary packaging area and a sealing cover panel. The base holders are designed to receive and secure the base of a variety of styles of lamps and fit into the bottom receptacle. The enclosure panels and insert are arranged within the packaging area such that they serve as a layered storage area for collapsible lampshades, their structural supports and associated mounting hardware and parts of the lamps which are not meant to be displayed.
In the exemplary embodiment, three large lampshades are placed within the packaging area and are covered by a full-sized inner enclosure panel which is placed over them. A smaller lampshade with its hardware is placed on one side of the inner panel, which is then covered by a half-size outer enclosure panel. Finally, two of three pole sections of a semi-assembled floor lamp are placed within the enclosure insert which is then placed beside the outer panel within the packaging area. The cover panel is closed over the front of the packaging area, sealing in the enclosure panels and insert. Receiving slots, nesting penetrations and clamshell recesses associated with the enclosure panels, the insert and the cover panel permit a variety of types of lamps to be affixed to the packaging device, with irregular features of the lamps engaging the slots, penetrations and recesses to help secure them in place.
In alternate embodiments, the device may be designed to accommodate different quantities and varieties of lamps, all of which may be stored together with their collapsible lampshades, either hidden or visible through viewing holes as may be desired by the designer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are discussed hereinafter in reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a view of the exemplary embodiment of the packaging device of the present invention. It is shown fully loaded with a set of four lamps, consisting of two table lamps, an accent lamp and a floor lamp, all from a single design style.
FIG. 2 is a view of the fully-assembled packaging device shown without any lamps.
FIG. 3 is a view of the packaging device with each of its primary components assembled and ready for installing within the device.
FIG. 4 is a view of the shell of the packaging device with the two types of base holders fully assembled and ready to be installed within the bottom receptacle.
FIG. 5 is a front view of the inner enclosure panel.
FIG. 6A is a front view of the outer enclosure panel.
FIG. 6B is a rear view of the outer enclosure panel showing a partially folded base section.
FIG. 6C is a rear view of the outer enclosure panel showing a completely folded base section.
FIG. 6D is a front view of the outer enclosure panel showing a close-up of the bottom end of the panel and the cut outs and toe and fringe voids of the folded base section.
FIG. 7A is a rear or inside view of the enclosure insert before folding.
FIG. 7B is a view of the enclosure insert after folding for installation.
FIG. 8A is a view of the shell with the base holders installed.
FIG. 8B is a view of the packaging device with the large diameter lampshades and mounting hardware loaded into the packaging area.
FIG. 8C is an exploded view of the packaging device with the inner and outer enclosure panels installed over their respective large and small lampshades.
FIG. 8D is a view of the enclosure insert with a pair of floor lamp poles being loaded within its enclosure area.
FIG. 8E is a view of the packaging device with all lampshades, panels and inserts loaded and with the floor lamp base and two poles also loaded within the packaging area. This completes the loading of the device before the cover panel is closed and the table and access lamps are loaded on the exterior of the device for shipping, storage and display.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In a preferred embodiment, the packaging and storage device 1 of the present invention comprises an outer shell 2 having elements designated as a bottom receptacle 3, a lamp and lampshade packaging area 4 and a cover panel 5. As shown in FIG. 1, in a preferred embodiment, the device is designed to hold and display a variety of types of lamps, typically, but not necessarily belonging to a common generic style of lamp design. In the preferred embodiment, the types of lamps include a pair of table lamps 10, an accent lamp 11 and a free-standing floor lamp 12.
The table and accent lamps are fully assembled into single units for packaging and display, whereas the floor lamp comprises several sub-assembled parts, depicted in FIG. 1 as a top section 12A, a base section 12B and one of a set of pole sections 12C. All pole sections of the floor lamp are packaged, but, as can be seen in FIG. 1, only one is visible to a viewer of the display. Each lamp of the exemplary set comes with a collapsible lampshade and a shade mounting harp, which are not visible because they are enclosed within the interior of the packaging device as will be described hereunder for the invention.
FIG. 2 shows packaging device 1 fully assembled without having any lamps, lampshades or harps enclosed within the device. As can be seen in the figure, the packaging device further comprises a set of lamp base holders 6A and 6B which fit into bottom receptacle 3. In the embodiment shown, the lamp base holders comprise two varieties; a table lamp base holder 6A and a floor lamp base holder 6B. FIG. 2 also depicts an inner enclosure panel 7, an shade enclosure panel 8 and a enclosure insert 9, all of which fit into packaging area 4 and are secured in place by cover panel 5.
The exemplary collective group of shell 2, base holders 6A and 6B, enclosure panels 7 and 8 and insert 9 are shown in FIG. 3. Each of the elemental parts are shown in their sub-assembled configurations prior to beginning overall assembly and loading of the device. Each of elements 2 through 9 comprise cardboard, or any other lightweight, reasonably stiff material which will conform to and retain a formed shape, without collapsing, when the material is scored, perforated or otherwise locally weakened for the purposes of folding the material into such shape. The art of scoring cardboard for folding into a packaging shape is well known in the field, and it may be applied to the extent necessary to produce the device herein taught without prejudice thereto. For example, co-pending application Ser. No. 11/154,318 demonstrates one approach to forming cardboard for the purposes of creating a packaging device for lamps and lampshades.
FIG. 3 also depicts the pair of table lamps 10, accent lamp 11 and floor lamp 12 partially assembled into sub-assemblies suitable for packaging and shipping within device 1. The sub-assemblies comprise top lamp section 12A, base section 12B and three pole sections 12C. A set of larger lampshades 13A, a small lampshade 13B and a set of mounting harps 13C are also shown in FIG. 3. The larger lampshades are for the table lamps and floor lamp and the smaller shade is for the accent lamp.
Shell 2 is depicted in FIG. 3 independent of the device's separate holders, panels, inserts and lamps. It is shown with lamp base holders 6A and 6B ready to be installed inside bottom receptacle 3. Cover panel 5 is shown in the opened position such that packaging area 4 is able to receive panels 7 and 8 and insert 9, as well as lamps 10, 11, and 12 as will be described further hereunder. The shell may be fabricated by folding and interconnecting sides and edges from a single piece of material, or it may be made of multiple pieces as desired without departing from this inventive teaching.
Bottom receptacle 3 is sized to accommodate base holders 6A and 6B as is shown in FIG. 4. Base holders 6A and 6B, in turn, may be configured as required to accommodate and support for packaging and display the bases of any styles of lamps. The base holders also serve as a point of support for panels 7 and 8 as will be shown hereunder. Base holders 6A and 6B may be constructed from either a single sheet or multiple sheets of material as described for shell 2 above. A key feature of base holder 6A is that it include recessed areas 6C for engaging the bases of table lamps 10 to be stored within the packaging device. Likewise, a key feature of base holder 6B is that it include a slotted receptacle 6D for engaging base 12B of the floor lamp. The recessed areas and the slotted receptacle serve to prevent the bases of the stored lamps from sliding out of the device unless they are raised upward by someone wishing to remove them from the confines of the packaging.
Packaging area 4 simply comprises an open cavity within shell 2 which is large enough to receive and accommodate for storage purposes a set of collapsible lampshades and corresponding lampshade support harps, enclosure panels 7 and 8, insert 9 and lamps 10, 11 and 12, all of which are to be packaged within device 1 during assembly thereof. It is to be understood throughout this detailed description of the preferred embodiment that assembly of the packaging device generally takes place in concert with the loading within and affixing onto its shell all of the associated lamps, harps and lampshades which will be packaged and, at least in part, displayed therein and thereupon. For the purposes of describing the invention hereunder, each of the elemental parts will be described in relation to both its general nature and the general purpose served, and then an overall assembly and use instruction will be provided.
Inner enclosure panel 7 comprises a front face 7A with side panels 7B as shown in FIG. 5. Side panels 7B extend completely around the perimeter of front face 7A. The panel also comprises a pair of cut-outs 7C at its bottom edge, which are sized to accommodate an interfering section of the bases of table lamps 10, when the device is fully assembled and loaded. In the exemplary embodiment, the set of three large lampshades 13A and an equal number of mounting harps 13C are placed into packaging area 4. Because the lampshades are collapsed, they generally lie flat within the packaging area. The inner enclosure panel is placed into the packaging area, with its side panels 7B projecting inward toward the area. This effectively encloses the lampshades and harps within the packaging area by creating an inner packaging compartment 14 (see FIG. 8C) between the inside surface of packaging area 4 and panel 7. Thus inner enclosure panel 7 serves as the cover of compartment 14 to enclose the lampshades and harps therein. When the insert is in place, it will rest against the two lamp base holders 6A and 6B, effectively holding them in place within bottom receptacle 3. Packaging area 4, and thus the whole of shell 2 will be sized (height, width and depth) to accommodate any size and number of lampshades which may be required to be held within the device. Side panels 7B act together to support front face 7A to hold the depth of panel 7 as desired for the thickness of the lampshades stored beneath it and as a build-out depth into which the base of lamps 10 may be passed through at cut-out 7C.
Outer enclosure panel 8 is similar in design and scope to inner panel 7, but also comprises different features. FIG. 6A shows panel 8 with front face 8A and side panels 8B. Also featured on panel 8 are a series of nesting penetrations 8C and clamshell recesses 8D. These penetrations and recesses are designed and positioned to accommodate protruding sections of lamps 10 and 11 which are placed into the device during packaging. For example, in the preferred embodiment, the intrusive belly of the lamps fit into oval or circular shaped fitting penetrations and portions of the flared necks fit into clamshell recesses. These penetrations and recesses are designed to line up with similar accommodation features on the cover panel, as will be described below.
Another important feature of outer panel 8 is the a folding base section 8E. This feature can best be seen in FIGS. 6B and 6C. The feature generally comprises an elongated panel section which is scored to fold in against and under itself, such that when it is completely folded, it takes the final rectangular box-shape as shown in FIG. 6C. Designed into base section 8E are three varieties of voids 8F, 8G and 8H. Outer void 8F is cut into front face 8A of panel 8. It generally takes the shape of a cross-section cut vertically through the base of the table lamps 10. The purpose of this void is to provide a first opening in base section 8E through which the protruding base of the table lamps extend into packaging area 4. Fringe void 8G is designed on panel 8's elongated panel section such that when the blank is folded into configuration 8E, the fringed edge of void 8G lines up behind void 8F. The purpose of the fringe on this void area is to engage the protruding surface of the base of the lamp as it extends through void 8F in front face 8A and into the packaging area. The engagement tends to secure the base of the lamp in place within the void. The final panel 8 void is a toe void 8H, which is designed to permit just the toe of the base of the table lamp to extend into the packaging area. This void is positioned generally so as to line up concentric with voids 8F and 8G, and also with cut-out 7C on inner panel 7 when outer panel 8 is placed in position within packaging area 4. Outer panel 8 is again used to house a lampshade, this time the smaller lampshade 13B and its associated mounting hardware. As the packaging device is being assembled, lampshade 13B is placed on top of inner panel 8, off-set to one side of the packaging area along with its hardware. Then, as was the case for inner panel 7, panel 8 is placed into the packaging area, settling it over the newly loaded lampshade 13B, effectively creating outer packaging compartment 15 (see FIG. 8C), which houses the lampshade and hardware. Base section 8E and side panels 8B act together to support front face 8A to hold the depth of the panel as desired for the thickness of the lampshade stored beneath it and as a build-out depth into which the base of lamps 10 may be passed through at voids 8F, 8G and 8H and cut-out 7C.
Enclosure insert 9 comprises a blank 9A of material scored for folding into an individual storage compartment. FIG. 7A depicts the inside of the blank which comprises a slotted opening 9B and a set of nesting penetrations 9C. The blank also comprises a means for closing the insert once it is folded into its compartment shape. In this embodiment, the means comprises a tongue and slot arrangement 9D1 and 9D2, but any other common means for connecting two ends of a foldable blank are acceptable. FIG. 7B depicts blank 9A folded into the required shape of enclosure insert 9. Insert 9 serves three purposes. First, it is a build-out section made to match the depth of panel 8. In this way, the depth of the entire packaging device is maintained to support cover panel 5 when it is closed over the upper end of packaging area 4 as will be described hereunder. Second, insert 9 provides an enclosure area 9E, which, in the preferred embodiment is used to house some of pole sections 12C during the packaging of partially assembled floor lamp 12. It is not necessary to use the enclosure area for this purpose, since, in an alternative embodiment, all of the poles may be displayed on the external surface of the packaging device. However, the insert may be used for this or other hidden storage. Third, the insert is used as a means for securing base section 12B in place when packaged in the device. This purpose is shown utilized in FIG. 1, where it can be observed that an edge of base 12B is inserted into slotted opening 9B.
Cover panel 5 comprises a section of shell 2 which is connected at one edge to one side of packaging area 4 as is shown in FIG. 4. Also as can be observed, the cover is located generally at the upper end of area 4. Cover panel 5 further comprises a set of clamshell recesses 5A which generally permit passage of protruding portions of lamps stored in device 1 through cover panel 5 and into packaging area 4. These recesses are positioned so as to line up with openings 8C, 8D and 9C for the purposes of permitting protruding sections of the lamps which pass through the cover panel to also pass through the enclosure panel and insert, where necessary to provide a tight fit of the lamps to the front of the packaging device.
Also as shown in FIG. 4, cover panel 5 is designed with a set of closing flaps 5B which, when panel 5 is closed over packaging area 4 serve to close and lock over engaging sides of shell 2, thus strengthening the entire packaging device when the device is assembled and is loaded with lamps and their accessories. The locking mechanism illustrated for the preferred embodiment is shown as a tongue and slot means similar to that for insert 9, but other means may be employed without prejudice to the novel teachings invention.
Clamshell recesses 5A are designed to line up with both the nesting penetrations of insert 9 and the nesting penetrations 8C and clamshell recesses 8D of outer enclosure panel 8 when insert 9 and panel 8 are placed into packaging area 4. Therefore, when cover panel 5 is closed over installed panel 8 and insert 9 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, panel 5 will secure the intended arrangement of panels 7 and 8 and insert 9 within packaging area 4, and protruding elements of associated lamps affixed to the packaging device for display will fit into the collective penetrations and recesses of the assembled device.
The preferred embodiment described thus far comprises a packaging device configured for the purposes of storing and displaying a pair of table lamps, a smaller accent lamp and a sectional floor lamp. In the preferred embodiment, only one of three poles are placed in the device where it may be viewed. It is presumed that one skilled in the art of packaging items for shipping and display will recognize that the packaging device many be configured to store and display many other quantities and combinations of lamps, lamp styles and types and their associated collapsible lampshades and mounting hardware. For example, an alternate embodiment might not include an accent lamp, or the packaging device might be configured to display all three of the floor lamp's pole segments. No alternate embodiment will prejudice the inventive concept of packaging within a single packaging device a set of lamps comprising a variety of lamp types together with their associated collapsible lampshades and mounting hardware wherein the packaging device is also used for displaying said set of lamps.
To utilize the packaging device of the present invention for lamp packaging, shipment, storage and display, shell 2 of the device is loaded with the group of elemental panels and inserts 7, 8 and 9 as well as the group of lamps, lampshades and associated hardware, if any, at the same time, and in a manner that integrates the two groups into a compact package able to be shipped, stored and displayed. This is best accomplished in a step-by-step process developed specifically for each embodiment created. The steps of assembling and loading the packaging device will be addressed in detail hereunder.
First, cover panel 5 of shell 2 is opened as shown in FIG. 4. Table lamp base holder 6A and floor lamp base holder 6B are placed into bottom receptacle 3 as shown in FIG. 8A. The three large diameter lampshades 13A are collapsed and they, together with their associated lamp mounting harps 13B and other mounting hardware, if applicable, are loaded into packaging area 4. With the large diameter lampshades loaded, inner enclosure panel 7 is placed into position within packaging area 4, covering lampshades 13A and hardware 13C as shown in FIG. 8C. The panel is slid down to rest against the lamp base holders in bottom receptacle 3. Next, the smaller diameter lampshade 13B is collapsed and placed on top of inner enclosure 8 with any associated hardware and then outer enclosure panel 8 is placed into position on top of both inner panel 7 and lampshade 13B as shown in exploded form in FIG. 8C. The lampshades are now packaged within device 1.
Beginning with the floor lamp, two pole sections 12C are slid into enclosure area 9E as shown in FIG. 8D. Next, one edge of base section 12B is slid into recessed area 6C and an opposing edge is slid into slotted opening 9B of insert 9 and simultaneously, insert 9 is slid into packaging area 4 between panel 8 and the edge of shell 2 as shown in FIG. 8E. Note that insert 9 is now assembled within the device and that it now contains two pole sections inside area 9E and that the insert is located in the upper end of packaging area 4. This arrangement is required so the packaging elements will line up for the packaging of the remaining lamps and lamp parts.
With all panel and insert elements placed into the shell, cover panel 5 is now closed and secured in place via its fastening means and the remaining lamps and lamp sections are loaded into the packaging device. The fully loaded device is shown in FIG. 1. Plastic hold-down straps 16, twist-ties or other such fastening means are used to secure the lamps and lamp sections within the device. A graphic depiction 17 of the set of lamps fully assembled and arranged within a room of furniture may be placed on the front of the packaging device as shown in FIG. 1. This gives a viewer of the displayed lamps a vision of the completely assembled set.
Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirements of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Claims

1. A lamp and lampshade packaging device comprising:

a shell for receiving at least a first and second lamp and their associated collapsible lampshades with associated lampshade structural and mounting hardware and having a bottom receptacle, a packaging area and a cover panel;

at least a first and second base holder removably positioned within said bottom receptacle; and

at least one each of an enclosure panel and an enclosure insert removably positioned within said packaging area, wherein

said lampshades and hardware are removably enclosed within said packaging area via said enclosure panel and said cover panel for shipping and storage,

first portions of said first lamp are stored within said enclosure insert which is removably enclosed within said packaging area via said cover panel for shipping and storage,

second portions of said first lamp are stored within said device via said enclosure insert and said first base holder,

third portions of said first lamp are stored upon said device for display, and

said second lamp is stored upon said device for display in a manner which permits said lamps to be viewed by a viewer of said device with said lampshades and hardware stored within said device.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein said first and second lamps are of different types.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein said first lamp is a floor lamp and said first portions comprise pole sections and said second portion comprises a base section.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein said enclosure insert and said first base holder each contain a slotted opening for receiving an edge of said second portion.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein said second base holder comprises a recess for receiving the base of said second lamp to prevent said base from accidental disassociation from said base holder during said shipping, storage and display.

6. The device of claim 1 which further comprises nesting penetrations, clamshell recesses, cut-outs and voids in said enclosure panel and insert and said cover panel, wherein said penetrations, recesses, cut-outs and voids are aligned on said enclosure panel, insert and cover panel such that protruding edges of said lamps may be inserted through said cover panel and into said enclosure panel and insert as required to permit said lamps to fit tightly against the front side of said device.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein

said cover panel is connected on a first edge to one side of said shell, in a hinge-type connection;

said cover panel may be closed over said removably positioned enclosure panel and enclosure insert such that said enclosure panel and insert are held in place within said packaging area; and

said cover panel engages with a locking mechanism on a second edge to said shell such that said packaging device is strengthened by said cover panel when said locking mechanism is engaged.

8. A method of packaging and displaying lamps comprising:

associating at least a first and second lamp and their associated collapsible lampshades with associated lampshade structural and mounting hardware with a lamp and lampshade packaging device, wherein said lamp and lampshade packaging device comprises:

a shell for receiving said lamps and their associated collapsible lampshades with associated lampshade structural and mounting hardware and having a bottom receptacle, a packaging area and a cover panel;

third portions of said first lamp are stored upon said device for display, and

9. The device of claim 8 wherein said first and second lamps are of different types.

10. The device of claim 8 wherein said first lamp is a floor lamp and said first portions comprise pole sections and said second portion comprises a base section.

11. The device of claim 8 wherein said enclosure insert and said first base holder each contain a slotted opening for receiving an edge of said second portion.

12. The device of claim 8 wherein said second base holder comprises a recess for receiving the base of said second lamp to prevent said base from accidental disassociation from said base holder during said shipping, storage and display.

13. The device of claim 8 which further comprises nesting penetrations, clamshell recesses, cut-outs and voids in said enclosure panel and insert and said cover panel, wherein said penetrations, recesses, cut-outs and voids are aligned on said enclosure panel, insert and cover panel such that protruding edges of said lamps may be inserted through said cover panel and into said enclosure panel and insert as required to permit said lamps to fit tightly against the front side of said device.

14. The device of claim 8 wherein