US20070001859A1

US20070001859A1 - Method of manufacturing a contactless chip card with enhanced evenness

Info

Publication number: US20070001859A1
Application number: US11/516,753
Authority: US
Inventors: Georges Kayanakis; Pierre Benato; Christophe Halope
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-09-13
Filing date: 2006-09-07
Publication date: 2007-01-04
Also published as: RU2324976C2; KR100998605B1; CN1596419A; IL161707A; EP1442424A1; RU2004123973A; AU2003276333B2; CA2466898A1; WO2004025553A1; DE60326317D1; US7116231B2; AU2003276333A1; TW200705282A; RU2006132772A; ES2323695T3; US20050066513A1; RU2415027C2; FR2844621A1; ATE424008T1; FR2844620A1

Abstract

Method of manufacturing a contactless chip card including an antenna support (40) on which the antenna is screenprinted and an electronic module or a chip (50) connected to the two antenna terminals and at least two card bodies on either side of antenna support, the antenna bodies being thermoplastic sheets (62, 64, 66, and 68) applied by hot pressure lamination, the sheet of thermoplastic (62) which is applied onto the face of the antenna support (40) receiving electronic module or chip (50) is perforated with a through-cavity (56) and its thickness is greater than the thickness of electronic module or chip (50), said cavity (56) being situated such that said electronic module or chip (50) is inside the cavity when said sheet (62) is placed on said support (40) before lamination step and such that electronic module or chip (50) is not subjected to any pressure during the lamination step.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the methods of manufacturing contactless chip cards, and in particular to a method of manufacturing a contactless chip card with enhanced evenness.

BACKGROUND ART

The contactless chip card is a system used increasingly in various sectors. Thus, in the transport sector, it has been developed as a means of payment. This is also the case of electronic purses. Many companies have also developed means for identifying their personnel using contactless chip cards.
The exchange of information between a contactless card and the associated reading device is achieved by distance electromagnetic coupling between an antenna housed in the contactless card and a second antenna located in the reader or directly by contact with the reader. To develop, store and process the information, the card is equipped with an electronic module which is linked to the antenna. The antenna is located on a support situated between two card bodies, the outer faces of which are printed with the graphics relating to the subsequent use of the card. The antenna support is a plastic dielectric support or a support made of fibrous material such as paper. The method of manufacturing a contactless card further includes the following steps:

- production of the antenna on a plastic support by chemically etching copper or aluminium or on a paper support by screen-printing,
- heat lamination under pressure of the lower and upper plastic layers of the card body, the outer faces of which are preprinted on the antenna support.

In the case of the manufacturing method using an antenna support made of fibrous material and an antenna screen-printed on the antenna support, the card bodies are made up of two or three plastic layers, the two main layers of which have a different Vicat point (temperature at which PVC passes from a rigid state to a rubbery state). Indeed, the outer rigid PVC layer has a higher Vicat point than that of the inner layer. The inner layer, with a lower Vicat point than that of the outer layer, is in contact with the antenna support.
The lamination step consists in stacking the different PVC layers making up the card bodies and the antenna support. This sandwich is then placed in a laminating press. The sandwich is then subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of approximately 150° C. At the same time, the sandwich is subjected to pressing so as to fuse the different layers. Under the combined action of the heat and the pressure, the outer PVC layer softens, while the inner layer made of a PVC with a lower Vicat point fluidises. The thus fluidised PVC of the inner layer of the card body which comes into contact with the antenna traps the screen-printed ink of the antenna in the mass and the fluidised PVC of the two inner layers of both card bodies come back into contact via cavity cut-outs made previously in the antenna support.
Unfortunately, this manufacturing method has the disadvantage of subjecting the chip to stresses caused by the pressure exerted at the lamination step.
In addition, this method also has an aesthetic disadvantage on the final appearance of the card. Indeed, during the fluidisation of the inner layer of the card bodies, the outer layer softens and conforms, by deforming to a lesser extent than the deformation undergone by the inner layer of PVC, to the shape of the reliefs of the antenna support resulting from the thickness of the antenna and the cavity cut-outs.
Thus, the card obtained after lamination is not perfectly even and comprises reliefs. Naturally, these micron reliefs are not visible to the naked eye but they come out when the outer face of the outer layer of the card body is printed as tone changes in the colour of the printed graphics. Indeed, in the case of printed card bodies, during the lamination step of the card bodies onto the antenna support, the excessive thickness due to the antenna causes the impression points to be spaced apart resulting in brightening of the colour, and the cut-outs of the antenna support, into which the PVC of the inner layers of the card bodies flows, causes the impression points to be drawn closer together resulting in darkening of the colour. The exterior appearance of the card is gradated.
This disadvantage also exists in the method of manufacturing contactless cards using a plastic antenna support onto which the antenna is produced by chemical etching. Indeed, in such a method, after lamination, the imprint of the copper tracks is visible on the printed card bodies, and the unevenness of the card, even on a micron scale, can be seen by the user's eye as deformations of the graphics.
Without affecting the good operation of the card, this flaw in the final card appearance can be put forward by users who are extremely sensitive to aesthetic criteria.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing contactless chip cards that prevents the chip from being subjected to stresses that may damage it.
The invention therefore relates to a method of manufacturing a contactless chip card comprising an antenna support, two card bodies on either side of the antenna support and an electronic module or a chip linked to the antenna. This method is characterised in that it further includes:
a first lamination step consisting in fusing onto each side of the antenna support two homogeneous sheets of thermoplastic by pressing at a temperature sufficient for the material of which the sheets are made to soften and flow wholly so as to eliminate any differences in thickness from the antenna support and to form a plasticised antenna support having even faces, and
a second lamination step carried out after a period of time corresponding to the period of time necessary for the sheets of thermoplastic to be solidified, the second step consisting in fusing by hot pressing two plastic layers making up the card bodies onto the plasticised and even faces of the uniformly thick antenna support plasticised by the sheets of thermoplastic.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The aims, objects and characteristics will become more apparent upon reading the following description with reference to the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows the antenna support of a contactless chip card,
FIG. 2 shows a section of the antenna support shown in FIG. 1, along the axis B-B of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows a section of the plasticised antenna support of a contactless chip card,
FIG. 4 shows a section of the contactless chip card according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, the antenna support is made of fibrous material such as paper and has a thickness of approximately 90 μm. The manufacture of the chip card according to the invention consists firstly in producing the antenna on its support 40. The antenna is made up of two loops 42 and 44 of screen-printed polymer conductor ink, containing conductive elements such as silver, copper or carbon. Each loop has one of its ends linked to one of the bonding pads of the antenna which are also screen-printed, loop 42 being linked to pad 36 and loop 44 to pad 38. The loops are interlinked by an electric bridge more commonly known as a cross-over (not shown in the figure). An insulating strip 20 of dielectric ink is screen-printed between the cross-over and loop 42. In contrast to contact/contactless hybrid chips cards, contactless chip cards do not have an electronic module, a face of which is visible at the surface of the card, but an electronic module or a chip 50 imbedded in the card. Electronic module or chip 50 is fixed onto antenna support 40 and is directly connected to bonding pads 36 and 38 of the antenna as a result of a layer of conductive adhesive enabling ohmic contacts to be achieved. In the case of an electronic module, this can be placed in a recess of support 40 not shown in the figure. The ohmic connection can be achieved with a conductive adhesive or without adhesive by simple contact. Antenna support 40 can also comprise two recesses 52 and 54 which are preferably formed after screen-printing of the antenna. These two recesses are used to increase the mechanical strength of electronic module or chip 50.
Thus, antenna support 40 has cut-outs and/or cavities and reliefs due to the antenna being made up of screen-printed ink loops. As a result, both faces of antenna support 40 are not even and more particularly the face onto which the antenna is screen-printed. Furthermore, antenna support 40 of a contactless only chip card comprises a notable relief due to electronic module or chip 50 as illustrated in FIG. 2 which shows a section of antenna support 40 of a contactless chip card along axis B-B of FIG. 1.
The steps of the method according to the invention applied to a contactless chip card are similar to the steps of the method applied to a contact/contactless hybrid chip card. However, a variant of the method according to the invention applies to the case of contactless chip cards equipped with an electronic module or a chip 50 and advantageously applies to a contactless chip card 50 equipped with a chip 50 connected directly to the antenna and is illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
A section of antenna support 40 of a contactless chip card is shown in FIG. 2. The first step of the method according to the invention consists in laminating two layers or sheets of thermoplastic on antenna support 40. This step is the first lamination phase of the various constituent layers of the card and is illustrated in section in FIG. 2. This first lamination step consists in fusing by hot pressing two homogeneous sheets of thermoplastic 62 and 64 on each side of antenna support 40. The temperature and pressure reached are approximately 180° C. and 250 bars respectively. Sheet of thermoplastic 62 which is applied onto the face of the antenna support receiving electronic module or chip 50 is perforated with a through-cavity 56 and its thickness is greater than the thickness of electronic module or chip 50. Cavity 56 is situated on sheet of thermoplastic 62 such that electronic module or chip 50 is inside when sheet 62 is placed on support 40 before lamination and such that electronic module or chip 50 is not in contact with sheet 62. Cavity 56 is preferably circular. In the case of a chip 50 with a thickness of 180 μm and a surface of 1.5 mm²directly connected to the antenna, the thickness of layer of thermoplastic 62 is equal to 200 μm and the diameter of cavity 56 is equal to 3 mm.
Thus, during the first lamination step, the pressure is applied on sheet of thermoplastic 62 or 64 and not on chip 50, such that it is not subjected to any stress which could damage it. The temperature must be sufficient for the material of which sheets 62 and 64 are made to soften and to flow wholly so as to fill recesses 52 and 54 and the other possible cut-outs made in support 40 and to cavity 56 and to trap the reliefs of the antenna support such as those due to loops 42 and 44 of the antenna.
Thus, the reliefs of antenna support 40 are trapped in the mass of the thermoplastic, thus forming a plasticised antenna support 60 with a thickness equal to approximately 400 μm. The possible cut-outs made previously on the antenna support further allow better fusion of both sheets of thermoplastic 62 and 64 together. Thus formed plasticised antenna support 60 eliminates any differences in thickness from original antenna support 40.
The second lamination phase of the various constituent layers of the card consists in laminating two card bodies on each side of plasticised antenna support 60 with reference to FIG. 4. This second step, carried out after a certain period of time corresponding to the period of time necessary for sheets of thermoplastic 62 and 64 to be solidified, consists in fusing by hot pressing two layers 66 and 68 of thermoplastic with a thickness equal to approximately 160 μm making up the card bodies on the plasticised and even faces of support 60. Both card bodies 66 and 68 have been preprinted with the personalised graphics of the card on their exterior face. Since plasticised antenna support 60 has a uniform thickness, this step is more similar to adhesive bonding than fusing. As a result, the pressure and the temperature required in this phase are much lower than those used in a traditional method. The temperature and pressure required for this lamination step are only approximately 120° C. and 150 bars respectively. Furthermore, the duration of the pressurisation and heating cycles is also reduced. This step is the last manufacturing step of the contactless chip card.
According to a variant of the method of the invention applied to a contactless chip card, sheet of thermoplastic 64 which is applied onto the face of the antenna support opposite that receiving electronic module or chip 50 can also be perforated with a cavity 58. Cavity 58 is situated on sheet of thermoplastic 64 such that it is superposed at the location of electronic module or chip 50. In this case, during the first lamination step, the chip is completely protected from any stress due to the pressure applied on sheets of thermoplastic 62 and 64.
A second variant of the method according to the invention can be applied to a contactless chip card in the case where cavity 56 is too large to be filled by the material of sheet of thermoplastic 62 during the first lamination step. In this case, antenna support 60 obtained after the first lamination step comprises a hollow due to cavity 56 and therefore is not even. Support 60 can therefore receive, at the location of cavity 56, an epoxy-type resin to protect electronic module or chip 50 and make plasticised antenna support 60 perfectly even.
The thermoplastic used for the constituent layers of the card bodies is most preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), but can also be polyester (PET, PETG), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).
It is important to specify that an antenna made up of metal loops on a plastic support such as polyester or polyamide or on an epoxy glass support is also in relief in relation to its support. The invention applies therefore to any type of antenna support and any type of antenna, and in particular to supports, the antenna of which appears in relief. The antenna support must be made up of a material, the dimensions of which remain stable irrespective of the temperature and notably of a material withstanding temperatures of approximately 180° C. without deforming or altering.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a contactless chip card including an antenna support on which the antenna is screenprinted and an electronic module or a chip connected to the two antenna terminals and at least two card bodies on either side of said antenna support, the card bodies being thermoplastic sheets applied by hot pressure lamination

wherein the sheet of thermoplastic which is applied onto the face of the antenna support receiving electronic module or chip is perforated with a through-cavity and its thickness is greater than the thickness of electronic module or chip, said through-cavity being situated such that said electronic module or chip is inside the through-cavity when said sheet is placed on said support before the lamination step and such that said electronic module or chip is not subjected to any pressure during the lamination step.

2. A method of manufacturing a contactless chip card according to claim 1, in which each of said card bodies comprises two sheets of thermoplastic applied onto said antenna support according to the following steps:

a first lamination step consisting in fusing a first homogeneous sheet of thermoplastic on each side of said antenna support by pressing at a temperature sufficient for the material of which the sheets are made to soften and to flow wholly so as to eliminate any differences in thickness from the antenna support and to form a plasticised antenna support having even faces, and

a second lamination step carried out after a period of time corresponding to the period of time necessary for said sheets of thermoplastic to be solidified, said second step consisting in fusing by hot pressing another sheet of thermoplastic onto each of the even faces of said plasticised antenna support.

3. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 1, in which said sheet of thermoplastic which is applied onto the face of the antenna support opposite that receiving the chip is perforated with a cavity, the cavity being situated on said sheet of thermoplastic such that it is superposed at the location of said electronic module or chip.

4. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 1, in which said support receives, at the location of cavity, an epoxy-type resin to protect said electronic module or chip and make said plasticised antenna support perfectly even.

5. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 1, in which said antenna support is made up of a material, the dimensions of which remain stable irrespective of the temperature.

6. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 5, in which said antenna support is made of plastic.

7. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 5, in which said antenna support is made of epoxy glass.

8. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 5, in which said antenna support is made of fibrous material.

9. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 8, in which the step of manufacturing the antenna comprises screen-printing loops of conductive polymer ink on said fibrous material support and in subjecting said support to heat treatment so as to cure said ink.

10. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 9 in which, during the antenna manufacturing step, cavity cut-outs are made in said antenna support further allowing the fusion of both layers of thermoplastic together during the first lamination step.

11. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 1, in which said card bodies laminated on each side of said plasticised antenna support are preprinted with personalised card graphics.

12. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 1, in which, during the lamination step of the card bodies on said plasticised antenna support, a third plastic sheet or a layer of varnish is added onto each card body, acting as covering.

13. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic making up the card bodies is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET, PETG), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).

14. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 5, wherein said material can withstand temperatures of approximately 180° C. without deforming or altering.

15. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 6, wherein said plastic is polyester or polyamide.

16. The method of manufacturing a chip card according to claim 8, wherein said fibrous material is paper.