US20070147387A1 - Interface link layer device for long delay connections - Google Patents
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- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
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Abstract
An interface link layer device (1) to be connected in-between a first sub net-work (5) and a long delay link (3) to which at least one second sub network (4) is connected via another interface link layer device (2) is able to simulate or replace time critical messages of the at least one second sub network (4). To set-up a network with such interface link layer devices information about the configuration of the sub network (5; 4) connected to an interface link layer device (1; 2) is transmitted from said respective interface link layer device (1; 2 ) to all other interface link layer devices (2; 1) connected to said respective interface link layer device (1; 2) via the long delay link (3), whereafter a respective interface link layer device (2; 1) connected thereto which received information about the configuration of at least one other sub network (5; 4) is able to perform the necessary simulation.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/799,748 filed Mar. 6, 2001, and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from European Patent Application No. 00 104 844.6, filed Mar. 7, 2000, the entire contents which is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to an interface link layer device for a network comprising a long delay link and a method of setting up such a network which comprises at least two sub networks each of which is connected via an inter-face link layer device according to the present invention to said long delay link. In particular, the present invention relates to a transparent long delay IEEE 1394 network.
- The
EP 0 848 568 A1 and the European Patent Application with the Application No. 99 126 221.3 which is filed by the Applicant of the present invention and herewith incorporated into this specification describe e. g. coaxial interfaces between two IEEE 1394 serial bus systems, i.e. sub networks, to build a distributed IEEE 1394 network. - Generally, networks according to the IEEE 1394 standard work only with nodes with short, direct interconnections, since very strict timing requirements, e.g. during the self identification phase (in the following self ID phase), have to be fulfilled. For example, standard wired IEEE1394 networks are limited to 4, 5 meters length for every cable.
- To build networks which are e. g. not only set up in one room, but inside the whole home plastic optic fiber (POF) implementations are known to ensure longer transmission paths. However, these POF implementations have the disadvantage of requiring a new plastic optic fiber cabling inside the home.
- On the other hand, coaxial cable is available in many homes, since such cables build the basis for current radio and television reception, but the channel encoding/decoding required when setting up a network with coaxial cable according to the IEEE 1394 standard produces a significant delay. Therefore, a transparent self-configuration according to which every node within the network knows which other node is connected as used for a POF implementation is not possible. Wireless transmission is even more convenient, but the transmission technology also produces significant delays for which reason a special adaptation is necessary which is not included within the IEEE 1394 standard.
- An extension to the IEEE 1394 standard, namely the DRAFT IEEE 1394.1 standard tries to enable connections of IEEE 1394 networks through a bridge, but inherits two main disadvantages, namely that (1) this standard is not 1009′0 backwards compatible, and (2) the controllers within the IEEE 1394.1 network must be aware that bridge devices exist, i. e. the IEEE 1394.1 network is not fully transparent in both communication directions between two sub networks.
- Therefore, it is the object underlying the present invention to provide a solution for distributed networks including at least two sub networks which are connected by a long delay link, which is backwards compatible and fully trans-parent in both directions of communication in-between two sub networks.
- This object is solved by an interface link layer device which is to be connected in-between a first sub network and a long delay link to which at least one second sub network is connected via another interface link layer device according to the present invention. P
- A method to set-up such a network and a preferred embodiment thereof is described in the present invention.
- According to the present invention the main problem of the prior art described above to meet the severe timing requirements, e. g. during the self ID phase in which each network device, i.e. node, identifies itself to the network, i.e. to all other nodes, are met within a distributed network in which at least two sub networks exists which are interconnected by a long delay link, since according to the present invention the interface link layer device which is allocated to one sub network via which this sub network is connected to the long delay link simulates all other sub networks in that at least the timing requirements of nodes connected to said other sub networks are fulfilled. Therefore, in case of a self ID phase when every connected node has to present certain information, e.g. its presence within a certain time frame, the interface link layer device according to the present invention outputs this information of the sub network which it simulates to the sub network to which it is allocated within the given time. Similar in case of requests to nodes connected to other sub networks a request pending message can be sent to the requesting device in advance from the interface link layer device according to the present invention before the “real” answer comes from the device to which the request was addressed.
- To initialize or set up such a distributed network all interface link layer de-vices according to the present invention behave initially like a single node which is connected to the respective sub network. After an initial self ID phase after which all interface link layer devices according to the present invention know the number of nodes and their respective information of the connected sub network to which they are respectively allocated this information is transmitted via the long delay link to all other interface link layer devices according to the present invention. In case a link layer device according to the present invention receives such information it initiates a second self ID phase within the respective connected sub network, e. g. with a bus reset, and behaves during this phase like the number of nodes with the respective information received according to the IEEE 1394 standard. Since preferably the nodes within each sub network need not to be configured to have different node IDs, i.e. a node within a first sub network can have the same node ID as another node within a second sub network but the real and virtual nodes within one sub network must have and get automatically assigned different node IDs, the interface link layer device according to the present invention translates in this case node IDs of the addressed virtual, i.e. simulated devices to node IDs that are used in the respective physical sub network which is simulated and vice versa.
- After such an initialization and apart from the simulations necessary to full-fill the given timing requirements the interface link layer devices according to the present invention perform an operation of a link layer device, i.e. to for ward data packets from the link in-between at least two sub networks to a sub network and vice versa as it is e.g. described in the above referenced documents.
- The present invention and its embodiments will be better understood from a detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein
-
FIG. 1 shows a distributed network including two sub networks connected by a long delay bi-directional connection via a respective interface link layer device according to the present invention. -
FIG. 1 shows an IEEE 1394 network comprising afirst sub network 5 and asecond sub network 4 which are connected with each other by a long delay bi-directionalconnection 3. In-between thefirst sub network 5 and the long delay bi-directional connection 3 a first interfacelink layer device 1 is arranged which is allocated to and therefore regarded to belong to thefirst sub network 5, i. e. which behaves like a network device or node within thefirst sub network 5. Similar, a second interfacelink layer device 2 is connected in-between thesecond sub network 4 and the long delay bi-directionalconnection 3 which is allocated to and therefore regarded to belong to thesecond sub network 4. - In the shown example the
first sub network 5 comprises 3 nodes, namely afirst node 5A which is named device C and has anode ID 4, asecond node 5B which is named device D and has anode ID 3, and athird node 5C which is named device E and has anode ID 2. Further, thesecond sub network 4 comprises afourth node 4A which is named device A and has anode ID 2 and afifth node 4B which is named device B and has anode ID 3. - As described in the introductory part of this specification such networks as de-scribed above which comprise two or more sub networks connected with each other by a long delay bi-directional connection are known in the prior art, but inherit the drawbacks also mentioned above to be not 100% backwards compatible and fully transparent in both directions of communication, or requiring an expensive fiber optic cabling.
- According to the present invention, on the other hand, each of the first inter-face
link layer device 1 and the second interfacelink layer device 2 has the feature to transmit information about itsown sub network link layer device link layer device respective sub network link layer device link layer device - Therefore, in the shown example the first interface
link layer device 1 which is namedinterface 1 “comprises” the virtualfourth node 4A′ which is a simulation of thefourth node 4A, namely of the device A, and the virtualfifth node 4B′ which is a simulation of thenode 4B, namely of the device B. The second interfacelink layer device 2 which is namedinterface 2 “comprises” the virtualfirst node 5A′ which is a simulation of thefirst node 5A, namely of the device C, the virtual second node 513′ which is a simulation of the second node SB, namely of the device D, and the virtualthird node 5C′ which is a simulation of thethird node 5C. namely of the device E. - The respective interface
link layer device sub networks first sub network 5, e. g. thenode identifiers 2 to 4 are assigned to thephysical nodes 5A to 5C and node identifiers different to 2 to 4 to the virtual fourth andfifth node 4A′ and 413′ within the interfacelink layer device 1, in the shown example the node ID o for the virtualfourth node 4A′ and thenode ID 1 for the virtualfifth node 4B′. Similar, within thesecond sub network 4 thenode identifiers fifth nodes third nodes 5A′, 5B′ and 5C′ within the second interfacelink layer device 2, for example as shown inFIG. 1 , thenode ID 4 for the virtualfirst node 5A′, thenode ID 1 for the virtual second node B′, and thenode ID 0 for the virtualthird node 5C′. - To be able to properly simulate the respective other sub network, i. e. the respective sub network a respective interface link layer device is connected to not directly, but only via the long delay link, the following initialization procedure is performed:
- Initially, the
first sub network 5 and thesecond sub network 4 behave and act as independent networks respectively comprising the network devices and an interface link layer device which acts as a normal network device or network controller. Therefore, in the initial phase during which both interfacelink layer devices first sub network 5 knows after a self ID phase that it comprises four nodes, namely the first tothird nodes 5A to 5C and the first interfacelink layer device 1. Since this information is distributed within the wholefirst sub network 5 also the first interfacelink layer device 1 is able to collect the necessary information about the network topology of thefirst sub network 5. Similar, after the initial self ID phase of thesecond sub network 4 the interfacelink layer device 2 knows that thesecond sub network 1 4 comprises thefourth node 4A, thefifth node 4B, and the second interfacelink layer device 2. - After such a self ID phase within one of the
sub networks link layer device connection 3 to the respective other interfacelink layer device link layer device 1 gets the information that thesecond sub network 4 comprises two network devices apart from the second interfacelink layer device 2, namely thefourth node 4A, i. e. the device A and the fifth node 413, namely the device B, and the second interfacelink layer device 2 gets the information that thefirst sub network 5 comprises three devices apart from the first interfacelink layer device 1, namely thefirst node 5A, i. e. the device C, the second node 513, namely the device D, and thethird node 5C, namely the device E. - Preferably, both interface
link layer devices sub network - Finally, after receiving such an information via the long delay bi-directional
connection 3 each of the interfacelink layer devices link layer device link layer device 1 simulates the second sub network, namely thefourth device 4A and thefifth device 4B, and the second interfacelink layer device 2 simulates the first sub network, namely the first tothird nodes 5A to 5C. This simulation is performed strictly according to the IEEE 1394 standard, e. g. the first interfacelink layer device 1 sends two self ID packets to the first sub net-work 5 and represents two node IDs after the self ID phase. Likewise, the second interfacelink layer device 2 sends three self ID packets and represents three node IDs after the self ID phase. During this second self ID phase the 1 node identifiers within a sub network are newly assigned according to the IEEE 1394 standard. Therefore. to properly set-up a node ID translation table within each of the interfacelink layer devices link layer devices 1. 2. - A bus reset to initiate a new self ID phase is always carried out in case a device is newly connected to an IEEE 1394 bus, removed therefrom or a device requests it. Therefore, based on this automatic self configuration mechanism de-fined within the IEEE 1394 standard, also the network set-up according to the present invention is always kept in a transparent self configured state, since an interface
link layer device sub network link layer device 2. 1 connected to thelong delay link 3 which in turn initiates a new self ID phase within the respective own connected sub network as described above. - Preferably, if an interface link layer device according to the present invention already comprises information about another sub network, this information is also used during a not self initiated self ID phase to simulate this other sub network for the purpose of speeding up the whole self ID phase within the whole network. Further preferably, in case an interface link layer device ac-cording to the present invention receives an information from another interface link layer device which is not different to the information already received, no self initiated self ID phase is initiated by said interface link layer device.
- Since the node identifiers of the virtual nodes simulated within the interface link layer device according to the present invention are changed in respect to the nodes which are simulated the interface link layer device according to the present invention also translates the node IDs in packets that are sent to the other side of the
long delay link 3 on basis of the node ID translation table which is set up after the second above-described self ID phase as described above. - To properly simulate a
respective sub network 4, 5 a respective interfacelink layer device other sub network sub networks link layer devices long delay link 3. This scheme is also shown inFIG. 1 in which the device C, i. e. thefirst node 5A, builds the root of thefirst sub network 5 to which the devices D and E, namely the second andthird nodes fifth node 4B, builds the root of thesecond sub network 4 to which the device A, namely thefourth node 4A, is directly connected, and in which the link in-between said bothsub networks first node 5A and thefifth node 4B. - Since the above example is based on the IEEE 1394 standard and the number of nodes should be addressed with node IDs only, i. e. the bus ID of the IEEE 1394 physical layer is not used, the number of nodes connected to the interface link layer devices is limited to 63, i. e. the whole network can have a maximum of 63 connected devices which each represent an own node.
- According to the present invention the long delay
bi-directional connection 3 might have a delay larger than timeouts defined according to the IEEE 1394 standard, e. g. in the order of 100 μs . . . 10 ms, since for larger delays asynchronous IEEE 1394 transactions may fail, because timing requirements are not met. However, in case the appropriate information is transmitted after the initial self ID phase from one interface link layer device to another interface link layer device this other interface link layer device can not only simulate the respective other sub network during the self ID phase to meet the timing requirements, but also during normal operation, e. g. by distributing commands or answers to the connected sub network which indicate that the respective addressed device which is simulated by the interface link layer device needs some time to process the answer, or by locally storing all or some registers of a device to be simulated within the interface link layer device, since a command to a device can always be seen as a read request to a respective device according to the IEEE 1212 standard which defines the control and status register architecture as a higher layer of the IEEE1394 standard. For example, the respective bus info block defining the capabilities of a device/node can be stored within the interface link layer device according to the present invention. - The
long delay link 3 through which the interface link layer devices according to the present invention communicate might be a coaxial cable, a wireless, an infra-red, an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) which is used for professional long distance, high speed data connections, an unshielded twisted pair (UTP), a plastic optic fibre (POF) and/or another appropriate connection, e. g. a combination of the aforesaid types of connections. Such a connection is assumed to be static. If the network topology on one side, i. e. within one sub network, changes, the sub network on this side reconfigures itself by the standard IEEE 1394 mechanism and the new network topology information or further information required to properly simulate this sub network is transmitted to the other interface link layer device whereafter this other interface link layer device performs a new self ID phase within the connected sub network. - Since the interface link layer devices according to the present invention only require an own node identifier during a self ID phase during which they do not simulate another sub network no node identifiers are “wasted” during operation, since in this case only node identifiers for the simulated devices are needed.
- Of course, the present invention is not limited to a network consisting of two sub networks, but can also comprise three or more sub networks connected to the same long delay
bi-directional link 3. In this case the communication on thelong delay link 3 may be organized in packets or in channels as described in the above-referenced European Patent Application 99 126 221.3 and each interface link layer device simulates two or more sub networks. - In case no node at all is connected to one sub network, i. e. only the interface link layer device according to the present invention is present within this sub network it is possible that the link in-between this interface link layer device and the other interface link layer devices connected through the
long delay link 3 has not to be established and therefore the respective other interface link layer devices will not simulate nodes of this particular sub network. In case the whole network would only comprise two interface link layer devices the interface link layer device connected to the “existing” sub network might behave like a simple IEEE 1394 repeater. - According to the invention a distributed network including a long delay link can be built up compatible with existing IEEE1394 devices. These devices need not to know that a long delay connection exists when they communicate with a device simulated inside one of the interface link layer devices. Therefore, according to the present invention a distributed IEEE 1394 network including a 5 long delay link is built up which is completely transparent and retaining all the advantages of the IEEE 1394 standard.
- Of course, the invention can also be applied to other communication standards to set-up long delay links while fulfilling timing requirements.
Claims (18)
1. a network device for communicating data between a first local network and a second network device that is a local node of a second local network, said network device being a local node of said first local network, and comprising:
an interface configured to receive, from said second network device, node information comprising node ID information pertaining to nodes remote to said first local network;
a node ID translation table configured to store node ID translation information based on said node ID information; and
a module configured to translate a node ID of packets sent via said network device from a local node of said first local network to a local node of said second local network, on the basis of said node ID translation information,.
2: A network device for communicating data between a first local network and a second network device that is a local node of a second local network, said network device being a local node of said first local network, and comprising:
an interface configured to receive, from said second network device, node information comprising node ID information pertaining to nodes remote to said first local network;
a node ID translation table configured to store node ID translation information based on said node ID information; and
a module configured to translate, on the basis of said node ID translation information, a node ID of packets received at said network device from a local node of said second local network destined for a local node of said first local network.
3: A network device for communicating data between a first local network and a second network device that is a local node of a second local network, said network device being a local node of said first local network, and comprising:
an interface configured to send, to said second network device, node information comprising node ID information pertaining to nodes local to said first local network;
a node ID translation table configured to store node ID translation information based on node ID information received from said second network device; and
a module configured to translate a node ID of packets sent via said network device from a local node of said first local network to a local node of said second local network on the basis of said node ID translation information.
4: A network device for communicating data between a first local network and a second network device that is a local node of a second local network, said network device being a local node of said first local network, and comprising:
an interface configured to send node information comprising node ID information pertaining to nodes local to said first local network to said second network device;
a node ID translation table configured to store node ID translation information based on node ID information received from said second network device; and
a module configured to translate a node ID of packets received at said network device from a local node of said second local network destined for a local node of said first local network on the basis of said node ID translation information.
5: A network device for interfacing data packets between a first local network and a communication path, said communication path interconnecting said first local network and a second local network, said network device comprising:
a memory configured to store node ID information comprising, for each of one or more nodes that are local to a network other than said first local network, a virtual node ID assigned to the respective node in correlation with a physical node ID of said respective node; and
a module configured to selectively transform, when said local network receives/sends data packets from/over said communication path, addressing information of said data packets on the basis of said node ID information from a virtual node ID to a corresponding physical node ID or from a physical node ID to a corresponding virtual node ID.
6: A portal for routing data packets between a first and a second serial bus network, wherein said portal is configured to perform serial data communication with a node of said first serial bus network over said first serial bus network, said portal comprising:
a first interface configured to forward data packets received from said second serial bus network through a communication path to said node; and
a first module configured to transform a destination ID of said data packets to be forwarded to said node from a node ID used by a second portal into a node ID locally assigned to said node in said first serial bus network.
7: The portal of claim 6 , comprising:
a second interface configured to transmit data packets received from said node to said second serial bus network through said communication path; and
a second module configured to transform a source ID of said data packets to be transmitted to said second serial bus network from a node ID locally assigned to said node in said first serial bus network into a node ID used by said second portal.
8: The portal of claim 7 , wherein
said first module and said second module are the same module.
9: The portal of claim 7 , wherein
said first interface and said second interface are the same interface.
10: The portal of claim 6 , wherein said portal connects said first serial bus network and said communication path and said second portal connects said communication path and said second serial bus network.
11: A portal for routing data packets between a first and a second serial bus network, wherein said portal is configured to perform serial data communication with a node of said first serial bus network over said first serial bus network, said portal comprising:
an interface configured to transmit data packets received from said node to said second serial bus network through said communication path; and
a module configured to transform a source ID of said data packets to be transmitted to said second serial bus network from a node ID locally assigned to said node in said first serial bus network into a node ID used by a second portal.
12: The portal of claim 11 , wherein said portal connects said first serial bus network and said communication path and said second portal connects said communication path and said second serial bus network.
13: A device, in a first local network, configured to exchange data packets between a first local network and a second local network, the device comprising,
an first interface configured to receive information concerning all nodes connected to said second local network from said second local network;
a memory configured to store information concerning node IDs assigned to said all of second nodes as virtual node IDs based on said information received from said second local network;
a second interface configured to forward data packets to be sent to a predetermined node of said second nodes within said second local network by using said virtual node ID assigned to said predetermined node.
14: The device of claim 13 , wherein
said first interface and said second interface are the same interface.
15: A device for exchanging data packets between a first local network and a second local network, the device comprising,
an interface configured to send information concerning all of first nodes connected to said first local network to said second local network, and storing node IDs assigned to said all of first nodes as virtual node IDs respectively at said second local network, wherein said all of first nodes are identified by using said virtual node IDs in said second local network; and
a module configured to transform said virtual ID assigned to data packets received from said second network into local ID which is physically assigned to a predetermined node in said first network.
16: A device configured to exchange data packets between a first local network and a second local network, the first and second local networks connected via a communication path, the device comprising,
a first memory configured to store physical node IDs assigned to nodes which are physically connected to the first local network and for storing virtual node IDs assigned to nodes which are physically connected to the second local network;
a second memory configured to store correlation information indicating relationship between said virtual node IDs and physical node IDs;
a module configured to selectively transform said virtual node ID to said physical node ID or from said physical node ID to said virtual node ID in accordance with said correlation information, when said first local network receives/sends data packets from/to the second local network.
17: A device for exchanging data packets between first and second local networks, the first local network and second local network connected via a communication path, the device comprising,
a module configured to assign physical node IDs corresponding to nodes which are physically connected to said first local network and for assigning virtual node IDs corresponding to nodes which are physically connected to second local network;
an interface configured to distribute information corresponding to said virtual node IDs to said second local network allowing said second local network to setup correlations between said virtual IDs and physical IDs assigned to nodes which are physically connected to said second local network.
18: A device for exchanging data packets between a first local network and a second local network, which are connected via a communication path, the device comprising,
a memory configured to store physical node IDs assigned to nodes which are physically connected to the first local network and for storing virtual node IDs assigned to nodes which are physically connected to the second local network;
a module configured to update said stored information regarding said node IDs by performing a bus reset process when a device is newly connected to said first local network;
an interface configured to distribute said updated information regarding said node IDs to the second local network.
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/683,832 US20070147387A1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2007-03-08 | Interface link layer device for long delay connections |
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EP00104844A EP1133108A1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2000-03-07 | Interface link layer device for long delay connections |
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US11/683,832 US20070147387A1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2007-03-08 | Interface link layer device for long delay connections |
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EP1198085B1 (en) * | 2000-10-10 | 2011-06-08 | Sony Deutschland GmbH | Cycle synchronization between interconnected sub-networks |
EP1199840A1 (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-04-24 | THOMSON multimedia | Method for connecting an IEEE1394 remote device to a cluster of IEEE1394 devices through a wireless link |
US8762568B1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2014-06-24 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for inter-zone restoration |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1133108A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
US20070153700A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
JP2001298466A (en) | 2001-10-26 |
US7454513B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
KR20010088437A (en) | 2001-09-26 |
KR100867561B1 (en) | 2008-11-10 |
US20010023452A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
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