US20070246224A1 - Offset valve system for downhole drillable equipment - Google Patents
Offset valve system for downhole drillable equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070246224A1 US20070246224A1 US11/410,225 US41022506A US2007246224A1 US 20070246224 A1 US20070246224 A1 US 20070246224A1 US 41022506 A US41022506 A US 41022506A US 2007246224 A1 US2007246224 A1 US 2007246224A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- assembly
- valve
- axes
- longitudinal axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1204—Packers; Plugs permanent; drillable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
Definitions
- the field of this invention is downhole equipment destined to be milled out after use and more particularly the positioning of the movable components within a surrounding tubular to speed up milling and even more specifically in a cementing application to obtain improved cement distribution while minimizing drilling fluid entrainment which can adversely affect the quality of the cement seal in the surrounding annulus.
- Float Equipment or an Auto-fill Collar is normally run at the bottom of a casing or tubing string to halt cement displacement.
- the short tubular section between the shoe and float collar is called the shoe track and is provided as a buffer within the casing to retain contamination that may build up ahead of the displacement plugs.
- the length of the shoe track is adjusted accommodating to well conditions.
- the float shoe can prevent reverse flow, or U-tubing, of cement slurry from the annulus into the casing.
- the float shoe also reduces hook weight, because the check valve increases the buoyancy of the casing string by preventing backflow of fluid as the casing is lowered into the well.
- Float equipment is basically delivered in two versions.
- the first version in based upon a check valve mechanism (Float shoe and Float Collar) and starts functioning, the moment is it run in the well bore.
- the second version in normally referred to as Auto-fill float equipment.
- This version allows the check valves to be by-passed while the tubular string is run in the wellbore.
- the by-pass mechanism is de-activated (by means of flow, or a ball or plug) and converted to a check valve as described in the first version.
- valve mechanisms are normally placed in the center of the well and can create great problems when they are milled or drilled up at a later stage to deepen the wellbore.
- valve mechanism off center, on an angle (or skewed) will prevent excessive spinning of the valve mechanism when milled/drilled operations are performed.
- An increase decrease in drill-up time can greatly increase cost savings.
- a combination of the off-setting and skewing the valves will aid in the cement displacement and greatly improve the contamination possibility with conventional placed equipment.
- Casing is normally run in the hole with a float shoe.
- This is basically a check valve that allows flow out of the casing string being run as it is delivered into position in the wellbore. Flow through the casing allows it to advance.
- circulation stops but well fluids are prevented from entering the casing string and it essentially floats, hence the name float shoe because the check valve assembly is at the leading end of the casing string.
- the excess cement is displaced with wiper plugs.
- additional hole will often need to be drilled beyond its lower end. To do this the float shoe assembly must be drilled out as the bit advances into the formation beyond the recently cemented casing.
- Float shoes have been made in several ways. The most common is to centrally support the check valve assembly in cement that finds support in the inner wall of the casing string. Another way is to centrally mount the check valve assembly in a soft metallic material that is readily drillable.
- FIG. 1 The bottom view of a typical bit is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the bit 10 has centrally located nozzles 12 while the cutting inserts 16 are disposed closer to the periphery on the bottom face.
- the present invention addresses the problem by moving the position of the check valve relative to the longitudinal axis of the assembly off center or/and skewed. It places the check valve in greater alignment with the cutting structures on the bit to accelerate the milling process.
- Float equipment is constructed to have the check valve in an offset and/or skewed position with respect to the centerline of the tubular housing that is part of a string.
- the design is applicable to poppet type check valves as well as flapper type valves that are actuated with a flow tube.
- the off center and/or skewed position of the valve components allows the cutting structure on a drill bit, rather than the nozzle area on the bit bottom to make intimate contact with the valve components to accelerate the milling out of the assembly and the making of additional hole beyond the recently cemented string.
- FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a known bit
- FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the float shoe assembly of the prior art just before a bit mills it up;
- FIG. 3 shows a float shoe of the present invention with a poppet style valves off center from the longitudinal axis of the housing;
- FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a prior art flapper type float shoe valve located on center in its housing;
- FIG. 5 an elevation view of a flapper type float shoe valve located off center in its housing for faster mill out;
- FIG. 6 shows poppet style valves off center and skewed to illustrate also the cement flow pattern between them.
- FIG. 3 shows a bit 24 just above a shoe track 26 which comprises poppet type valves 28 in a float collar and 30 in a float shoe of a typical shoe track 32 which is offset from centerline 34 of the shoe 26 .
- Valves 28 and 30 can also be on different centerlines from each other while both are offset radially from the centerline 34 of the shoe 26 .
- Cement (or any type of drillable material) 36 and 38 respectively surrounds valves 28 and 30 for support in the shoe track 26 .
- cement or any type of drillable material
- the bit 24 has bottom details similar to those shown in FIG. 1 . It can be a polycrystalline diamond bit, a rock bit or a tapered or flat bottom mill.
- valves 28 and 30 are offset from centerline 34 the inserts 40 dig directly at the valve assemblies as opposed to having the nozzles 42 that are generally in the center of the bit align with valves 28 and 30 which makes them harder to mill out.
- the bit simply started the valves rotating on their own axes rather than tearing them up. This was because the nozzles on the drill bit aligned with the valve centers rather than the sharp cutters.
- the inserts 40 can readily mill up the valve.
- FIG. 4 illustrates in Auto-fill type Float equipment where using flapper type valves for float equipment, the same difficulty milling out with a bit that had nozzles in the middle of its lower face happened.
- the flow tube is pumped down hole and out of the Auto-fill float collar.
- the assembly normally lays on a catcher plate/sub, further down the well-bore.
- the parts that need to be drilled up, are the Flapper and the Flapper body.
- the longitudinal axis of the valve assembly in the shoe can be both radially offset from the housing longitudinal axis and skewed as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the skew of the mechanism places the cement more uniform in the shoe track, preventing possible leakage after curing of the cement. Additionally, the larger casing sizes will more likely accommodate a skew than smaller casing sizes. The skew also allows the inserts from the bit to get a better bite on the valve components to speed up the milling process.
- the prior designs aligned them with the nozzles of bits making it easier for the mechanism to spin, thus retarding the milling rate overall.
- the bits were desired to be able to make more hole after the cementing of the casing string and milling out the shoe track used to deliver the string.
- seal and slips in another embodiment, could be asymmetrical with respect to the mandrel centerline plug so that when set it could obtain the offset central axis position with respect to the surrounding tubular centerline.
- the slip mechanism needs to be secured into the surrounding tubular to prevent the complete system from rotating during milling or drilling.
Abstract
Float equipment is constructed to have the check valve in an offset and/or skewed position with respect to the centerline of the tubular housing that is part of a string. The design is applicable to poppet type check valves as well as flapper type valves that are actuated with a flow tube. The off center and/or skewed position of the valve components allows the cutting structure on a drill bit, rather than the nozzle area on the bit bottom to make intimate contact with the valve components to accelerate the milling one of the assembly and the making of additional hole beyond the recently cemented string.
Description
- The field of this invention is downhole equipment destined to be milled out after use and more particularly the positioning of the movable components within a surrounding tubular to speed up milling and even more specifically in a cementing application to obtain improved cement distribution while minimizing drilling fluid entrainment which can adversely affect the quality of the cement seal in the surrounding annulus.
- Float Equipment or an Auto-fill Collar is normally run at the bottom of a casing or tubing string to halt cement displacement. The short tubular section between the shoe and float collar is called the shoe track and is provided as a buffer within the casing to retain contamination that may build up ahead of the displacement plugs. The length of the shoe track is adjusted accommodating to well conditions.
- The float shoe can prevent reverse flow, or U-tubing, of cement slurry from the annulus into the casing. The float shoe also reduces hook weight, because the check valve increases the buoyancy of the casing string by preventing backflow of fluid as the casing is lowered into the well.
- Float equipment is basically delivered in two versions. The first version in based upon a check valve mechanism (Float shoe and Float Collar) and starts functioning, the moment is it run in the well bore. The second version in normally referred to as Auto-fill float equipment. This version allows the check valves to be by-passed while the tubular string is run in the wellbore. At a predetermined depth, the by-pass mechanism is de-activated (by means of flow, or a ball or plug) and converted to a check valve as described in the first version.
- These valve mechanisms are normally placed in the center of the well and can create great problems when they are milled or drilled up at a later stage to deepen the wellbore.
- In the present invention, placing the valve mechanism off center, on an angle (or skewed) will prevent excessive spinning of the valve mechanism when milled/drilled operations are performed. An increase decrease in drill-up time can greatly increase cost savings.
- In another aspect of the present invention, a combination of the off-setting and skewing the valves will aid in the cement displacement and greatly improve the contamination possibility with conventional placed equipment.
- Casing is normally run in the hole with a float shoe. This is basically a check valve that allows flow out of the casing string being run as it is delivered into position in the wellbore. Flow through the casing allows it to advance. When flow is cut off, circulation stops but well fluids are prevented from entering the casing string and it essentially floats, hence the name float shoe because the check valve assembly is at the leading end of the casing string. The excess cement is displaced with wiper plugs. After the particular string of casing is cemented additional hole will often need to be drilled beyond its lower end. To do this the float shoe assembly must be drilled out as the bit advances into the formation beyond the recently cemented casing.
- Float shoes have been made in several ways. The most common is to centrally support the check valve assembly in cement that finds support in the inner wall of the casing string. Another way is to centrally mount the check valve assembly in a soft metallic material that is readily drillable.
- Since time is money in drilling a well the speed with which the mill out occurs is important. Operators also want to continue the hole after mill out as quickly as possible. This has meant that bits ideally suited for making more hole have been used to do the mill out. Of late, these bits have been the polycrystalline diamond type or roller cone bits or flat bottom mills. The bottom view of a typical bit is shown in
FIG. 1 . Thebit 10 has centrally locatednozzles 12 while the cutting inserts 16 are disposed closer to the periphery on the bottom face. What happens when such bits are employed to mill out a check valve 18 (or thevalve mechanism # 46 in the Auto-fill equipment) that is suspended in cement (or composite material) 20 near the lower end of acasing string 22 is that the check valve encounters thenozzle area 12 rather than cuttinginserts 14 and it starts to spin. The milling rate through thevalve 18 is considerably slower than the rate that thecutters 14 go through thecement 20. Also, since the valve mechanism is in the center of the borehole, it makes it difficult to prevent the valve mechanisms from spinning. As a result, operators either put up with the slower mill rate or actually trip out of the hole to change the bit for a mill just to mill out the float shoe and then trip out again to install the polycrystalline diamond bit to make more whole. Either option is not ideal. Despite this problem, the design of float shoes has been virtually unchanged for years. - The present invention addresses the problem by moving the position of the check valve relative to the longitudinal axis of the assembly off center or/and skewed. It places the check valve in greater alignment with the cutting structures on the bit to accelerate the milling process. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the various aspects of the present invention from the description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings as well as the claims that define the full scope of the invention.
- The following U.S. patents relate generally to design of float equipment: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,467,835; 4,133,378; 4,823,890; 6,296,059; 6,854,534 and 6,286,597.
- Float equipment is constructed to have the check valve in an offset and/or skewed position with respect to the centerline of the tubular housing that is part of a string. The design is applicable to poppet type check valves as well as flapper type valves that are actuated with a flow tube. The off center and/or skewed position of the valve components allows the cutting structure on a drill bit, rather than the nozzle area on the bit bottom to make intimate contact with the valve components to accelerate the milling out of the assembly and the making of additional hole beyond the recently cemented string.
-
FIG. 1 is a bottom view of a known bit; -
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the float shoe assembly of the prior art just before a bit mills it up; -
FIG. 3 shows a float shoe of the present invention with a poppet style valves off center from the longitudinal axis of the housing; -
FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a prior art flapper type float shoe valve located on center in its housing; -
FIG. 5 an elevation view of a flapper type float shoe valve located off center in its housing for faster mill out; -
FIG. 6 shows poppet style valves off center and skewed to illustrate also the cement flow pattern between them. -
FIG. 3 shows abit 24 just above ashoe track 26 which comprisespoppet type valves 28 in a float collar and 30 in a float shoe of atypical shoe track 32 which is offset fromcenterline 34 of theshoe 26. Valves 28 and 30 can also be on different centerlines from each other while both are offset radially from thecenterline 34 of theshoe 26. Cement (or any type of drillable material) 36 and 38 respectively surroundsvalves shoe track 26. As an alternate to cement, other common drillable materials used in the oil industry can be used. - The
bit 24 has bottom details similar to those shown inFIG. 1 . It can be a polycrystalline diamond bit, a rock bit or a tapered or flat bottom mill. - Because the
valves centerline 34 theinserts 40 dig directly at the valve assemblies as opposed to having thenozzles 42 that are generally in the center of the bit align withvalves nozzles 42 and the centerlines of thevalves FIG. 3 or another orientation where each valve is offset fromcenterline 34 but is on a different center than the other valve, theinserts 40 can readily mill up the valve. -
FIG. 4 illustrates in Auto-fill type Float equipment where using flapper type valves for float equipment, the same difficulty milling out with a bit that had nozzles in the middle of its lower face happened. - The flow tube is pumped down hole and out of the Auto-fill float collar. The assembly normally lays on a catcher plate/sub, further down the well-bore. The parts that need to be drilled up, are the Flapper and the Flapper body. By offsetting the center of the
flow tube holder 44′ and theflapper 46′ from the centerline of the surrounding tubular, the bit (not shown) can more quickly mill out the assembly as the inserts on the bit make more and initial contact with the flow tube. This keeps it from rotating on its long axis and results in faster mill out of it and the associatedflapper 46′. - While radial offset has been described, it is also within the scope of the invention to skew the longitudinal axis of the valve member in the float shoe such that the skewed axis still intersects the longitudinal axis of the housing. Alternatively, the longitudinal axis of the valve assembly in the shoe can be both radially offset from the housing longitudinal axis and skewed as shown in
FIG. 6 . The skew of the mechanism places the cement more uniform in the shoe track, preventing possible leakage after curing of the cement. Additionally, the larger casing sizes will more likely accommodate a skew than smaller casing sizes. The skew also allows the inserts from the bit to get a better bite on the valve components to speed up the milling process. Again while the selected valve materials may be soft, the prior designs aligned them with the nozzles of bits making it easier for the mechanism to spin, thus retarding the milling rate overall. The bits were desired to be able to make more hole after the cementing of the casing string and milling out the shoe track used to deliver the string. - Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the offset technique works well with valves of all types used in float equipment as well as other tools. For example, when using bridge plugs, anchors or packers, collectively referred to herein as “packers” that later had to be drilled out prior designs tended to use plastics, soft metals or composite materials that presented reduced resistance to drilling out. However, past designs positioned a mandrel of such packer or bridge plug on center in the surrounding tubular as a result of the setting process. The present invention contemplates a set packer or bridge plug or other tool whose center is offset from the surrounding tubular center to also take advantage of the faster milling afforded by such a relationship. The seal and slips, in another embodiment, could be asymmetrical with respect to the mandrel centerline plug so that when set it could obtain the offset central axis position with respect to the surrounding tubular centerline. The slip mechanism needs to be secured into the surrounding tubular to prevent the complete system from rotating during milling or drilling.
- The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below.
Claims (20)
1. A completion assembly, comprising:
a tubular housing having a longitudinal axis;
a valve member having a valve longitudinal axis in a flow path therethrough, wherein said axes are not aligned.
2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
said axes are parallel.
3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
said valve longitudinal axis is skewed with respect to the housing longitudinal axis.
4. The assembly of claim 3 , wherein:
said axes intersect.
5. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
said axes do not intersect.
6. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
said valve member comprises at least one spring loaded poppet.
7. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein:
said valve member comprises a flapper actuated by a flow tube.
8. The assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bit having cutters surrounding circulation nozzles on a bottom face thereof, said cutters being in alignment with more of said valve member as a result of said non alignment of said axes as compared to said axes being aligned.
9. The assembly of claim 8 , wherein:
said valve member comprises at least one poppet or flapper.
10. The assembly of claim 8 , wherein:
said valve member comprises a flapper actuated by a flow tube.
11. A method of inserting and removing a downhole tool, comprising:
running a tool to a desired position downhole;
supporting the tool so that its longitudinal axis is not aligned with the longitudinal axis of the surrounding tubular or the wellbore;
running a bit to the tool;
drilling up the tool.
12. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
making said axes parallel.
13. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
making said axes skewed.
14. The method of claim 13 , comprising:
making said axes intersect.
15. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
making the longitudinal axis in said tool coincide with a selectively closeable passage in said tool.
16. The method of claim 15 , comprising:
using a valve in a float shoe or collar as said tool.
17. The method of claim 15 , comprising:
using a flapper valve actuated by a flow tube in a float shoe or collar as said tool.
18. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
drilling more hole after drilling up the tool.
19. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
supporting said tool in cement.
20. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
using a packer as said tool.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/410,225 US20070246224A1 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2006-04-24 | Offset valve system for downhole drillable equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/410,225 US20070246224A1 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2006-04-24 | Offset valve system for downhole drillable equipment |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070246224A1 true US20070246224A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
Family
ID=38618385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/410,225 Abandoned US20070246224A1 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2006-04-24 | Offset valve system for downhole drillable equipment |
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US (1) | US20070246224A1 (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100065282A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2010-03-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of drilling out a reaming tool |
WO2010141781A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Varel International, Ind., L.P. | Casing bit and casing reamer designs |
US20100319997A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-23 | Varel International, Ind., L.P. | Whipstock attachment to a fixed cutter drilling or milling bit |
US20100319996A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-23 | Varel International, Ind., L.P. | Milling cap for a polycrystalline diamond compact cutter |
US7954570B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2011-06-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements configured for casing component drillout and earth boring drill bits including same |
US20110209922A1 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2011-09-01 | Varel International | Casing end tool |
US8177001B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2012-05-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring tools including abrasive cutting structures and related methods |
CN103527139A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-01-22 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆固井公司 | Drillable casing pipe float collar float shoe device |
US8657036B2 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2014-02-25 | Downhole Products Limited | Tubing shoe |
WO2014124712A2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-21 | Interwell Technology As | Millable plugging device |
WO2015054513A1 (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-16 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Piston float equipment |
EP3667013A1 (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-17 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, LLC | Float shoe having concrete filled, eccentric nose with jets |
WO2020237454A1 (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | 成都英诺思科技有限公司 | Cement retainer |
CN116927715A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-24 | 河北上善石油机械有限公司 | Float collar float shoe capable of preventing falling off |
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