US20080003530A1

US20080003530A1 - Communicating control for fuel fired heating appliance

Info

Publication number: US20080003530A1
Application number: US11/480,154
Authority: US
Inventors: Donald E. Donnelly; Thomas J. Fredricks
Original assignee: Emerson Electric Co
Current assignee: Emerson Electric Co
Priority date: 2006-06-30
Filing date: 2006-06-30
Publication date: 2008-01-03

Abstract

A controller for a fuel-fired heating appliance is provided that includes at least one sensor for detecting the presence of at least one of a flammable vapor or a carbon monoxide gas. The controller includes a transmitter module for wirelessly transmitting digital signals, and a microprocessor for controlling the operation the fuel-fired heating appliance. The microprocessor is in communication with the transmitter module, and is capable of monitoring the at least one other sensor for detecting an abnormal condition, and responds to an abnormal condition by communicating a message to the transmitter module. The transmitter module transmits the message to a thermostat that is capable of immediately displaying the message to alert an occupant of the abnormal condition.

Description

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to controls for fuel fired heating appliances, and more specifically to fuel-fired water heating appliances.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Many fuel-fired heating appliances such as a gas water heater are typically located in a basement or other infrequently accessed area within a space. As a result, these appliances and their associated controls are not often noticed by an occupant of the space, and the occupant is not alerted to conditions sensed by the controls of the appliance.

SUMMARY

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
In one aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for communicating an abnormal condition of a fuel-fired heating appliance to an occupant of a space. In one embodiment, a controller for a fuel-fired heating appliance is provided that includes at least one sensor for detecting the presence of at least one of a flammable vapor or a carbon monoxide gas. The controller includes a transmitter module for wirelessly transmitting digital signals, and a microprocessor for controlling the operation the fuel-fired heating appliance. The microprocessor is in communication with the transmitter module, and is capable of monitoring the at least one sensor for detecting an abnormal condition, and responds to an abnormal condition by communicating a message to the transmitter module. The transmitter sends a signal to a thermostat that is capable of immediately displaying a message to alert an occupant of the condition.
In another aspect of the invention, the wireless transmission of the abnormal condition is received by a thermostat, which immediately displays a message of the abnormal condition on a display device of the thermostat. The thermostat is capable of receiving the wireless transmission and immediately displaying the message indicating an abnormal condition of the fuel-fired water heating appliance in its entirety, on a display device of the thermostat. The thermostat may further include an audible alarm that is activated simultaneous to the display of the message. Accordingly, an occupant of the space may be alerted of an abnormal condition of the fuel-fired water heating appliance.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a system for monitoring the operation of a fuel-fired water heater;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the thermostat in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a controller for a fuel fired water heating appliance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.
In the various embodiments, a system for monitoring the operation of a fuel fired heater is provided that is capable of communicating to at least one external device. It should be noted that the system may be adapted to control the operation of any fuel-fired heating unit, such as a furnace, pool heater, or water heater appliance. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 comprises a controller 104 for a fuel fired water heater appliance 112 having a burner 116, a gas valve 120 (shown integral with the controller 104), a high temperature sensing means 124, and at least one other sensor 128 for sensing the presence of a harmful level of carbon monoxide or flammable vapors. The water heater controller 104 provides for controlling the operation of the gas valve 120 and fuel fired water heater 112, and is capable of monitoring the high temperature sensing means 124 and the at least one other sensor 128 to detect an abnormal condition. The controller 104 is capable of responding to an abnormal condition by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating the presence of an abnormal condition.
The high temperature sensing means 124 may comprise a thermistor that is located within a combustion chamber 118 or flue 122, or mounted against an exterior surface of the combustion chamber or flue as shown in FIG. 1. The sensing means 124 could also comprise a high temperature switch or a bimetal thermal-switch adapted to close at a pre-set temperature. One example of such a switch is a snap-action thermal switch 36T01 manufactured by Thermo-O-Disc, Inc, which may be mounted on or within the flue.
The at least one other sensor 128 may comprise a carbon monoxide sensor capable of sensing the concentration of carbon monoxide gas, and providing an output indicative of the level of carbon monoxide (CO). The CO sensor output changes in response to sensing an increase in the presence of carbon monoxide, and the output preferably increases in response to an increase in the level of carbon monoxide gas concentration. For example, the at least one other sensor 128 may be an electrochemical sensor of the Colorimetric type that senses the build-up of CO over time and increases in resistance. One such sensor is a resettable Colorimetric Sensor Detector, which measures the build-up of CO over time. The CO sensor has a relatively low resistance when sensing less than 100 parts per million of carbon monoxide over a 90 minute period, but such resistance could rapidly increase by a factor of 3 to 1 when exposed to a carbon monoxide presence of 300 parts per million (ppm) over a 30 to 90 minute period.
The at least one other sensor 128 may also comprise a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensor, which may be made of a tin dioxide (SnO₂) on a sintered alumina ceramic, for example. The electrical conductivity of this sensor is low in clean air, but increases when exposed to a carbon monoxide presence. The MOS CO sensor has a conductivity output that increases with a rise in carbon monoxide level, as opposed to the electrochemical sensor which has a resistance that increases with a rise in carbon monoxide level. One such sensor is a CGS-200 CO sensor manufactured by City Technology, Inc. The output of the CO sensor is preferably monitored by a microprocessor (not shown) of the controller 104, which responsively communicates a message when the sensor's output increases by more than a predetermined amount or exceeds some predetermined upper limit. In one embodiment, the predetermined amount may be a change of at least 20 percent from prior sensor readings over a time interval of less than 90 minutes.
The at least one other sensor may also comprise an electro-chemical sensor that is further capable of detecting the presence of a flammable vapor. Such a sensor may be a polymer-absorption Chemiresistor capable of changing in resistance based on the presence of a flammable vapor. One such sensor is a 25 VS sensor manufactured by Therm-O-Disc Corporation. The resistance of the sensor is about 7 to 25 kilo-ohms at 25 degrees Celsius in the absence of flammable vapors, and upon exposure to flammable vapors the resistance increases to over 100 kilo-ohms. At 50 percent of the low flammability level concentration of flammable vapors the resistance increases to at or near 50 kilo-ohms, preferably within about 60 seconds. It should be noted that the at least one other sensor 128 may comprise two or more of the above sensors for detecting the presence of one or more gasses within or around the appliance. Likewise, the at least one other sensor 128 may be two or more integral sensors for sensing the presence of one or more respective gasses. One example of such a sensor is the IRcel™ non-dispersive infrared gas sensor for detecting both carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, which is manufactured by City Technology, Inc.
The controller 104 is configured to monitor (via the microprocessor) the at least one other sensor 128 that is capable of detecting the presence of a flammable vapor, and responding by communicating a message of the abnormal condition of a presence of a flammable vapor near the fuel fired appliance 112. For example, an occupant could be alerted of a potential fire hazard, through the detection of a flammable vapor concentration that is greater than 50 percent of the lower flammability level by the at least one other sensor 128. The controller 104 responds by wirelessly transmitting a signal that includes a message indicating an abnormal concentration of flammable vapor present near the water heater appliance 112. The controller 104 can also communicate the abnormal condition of a high temperature in the combustion chamber or flue 118, which could be indicative of a blocked flue that might cause carbon monoxide to collect near the appliance 112. Likewise, the controller 104 can also communicate the abnormal condition of a harmful level of carbon monoxide gas near the appliance 112. The controller 104 may, for example, be configured to respond to the detection of at least 100 parts per million of carbon monoxide gas in a 90 minute period by the at least one other sensor 128 by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal condition of a harmful level of carbon monoxide gas.
In the first embodiment, the controller 104 further comprises a transmitter module 130 for wirelessly transmitting digital signals. The signals wirelessly transmitted by the controller 104 are preferably received by an external device 140 such as a thermostat for alerting an occupant. The thermostat 140 is configured to receive the wirelessly transmitted signal and immediately display a text message on a display device 144 on the thermostat 140. The thermostat 140 accordingly provides for displaying the abnormal condition for the fuel fired water heater appliance 112, to alert an occupant in the space of the abnormal condition.
The signal transmitted to an external device 140 (such as a thermostat) includes a message communicated by the controller 104 that includes information relating to the abnormal condition. The transmitted message may include a text message that is displayed in its entirety by a display device of the thermostat 140. In the first embodiment of a system 100, the message is displayed by the thermostat 140 independent of any input from a user, such that an occupant may be alerted of an abnormal condition without the occupant having to prompt the thermostat for information about the appliance.
Referring to FIG. 2, the thermostat's display device 144 may be configured to display a text message in a continuously scrolling marquee manner to alert an occupant of the abnormal condition. One example of such a thermostat is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/156,391, filed on Jun. 20, 2005, entitled “Thermostat capable of displaying received information”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The thermostat 140 includes a display device 144 having a portion with a plurality of segmented characters that allow for display of various alphanumeric characters, the display of which may be controlled to display text 146 in a scrolling format. The thermostat 140 may be further configured to activate an audible alarm (not shown) simultaneous with the display of a message indicating an abnormal condition.
In the first embodiment, the wireless transmitter device or module 130 may be a low-power, short-range radio Local Area Network (LAN), which is in communication with a thermostat 140 that is also connected to the LAN. One such thermostat 140 that may be connected to a LAN is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/156,391, filed on Jun. 20, 2005, entitled “Thermostat capable of displaying received information”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In one embodiment, the transmitter 130 associated with the controller 104 for the fuel-fired water heating appliance 112 preferably comprises a wireless LAN IC chip such as a PRISM 3.0 802.11b wireless LAN chip set. Alternatively, the transmitter device 130 may be an AirWave WiFi wireless LAN, AW-ST-CB-EA-RS232 sold by Alpine Technology Ltd. Other commercially available wireless LAN devices include the Actiontec Mini 802.11B Modem Combo Card manufactured by Actiontec. The wireless LAN chip may be in communication with an antenna device that is either trace mounted on a circuit board of the controller 104 or the transmitter module 130, or externally mounted. The LAN transceiver 130 is preferably configured to communicate via a 9-pin RS-232 interface the microprocessor of the fuel-fired water heater controller 104. The microprocessor of the controller 104 preferably includes a UART digital data signal output for communicating signals to the transmitter device 130. The controller 104 may respond to a sensed abnormal condition by commencing successive wireless transmissions of a signal including a message indicating the presence of an abnormal condition. The controller 104 may also continuously re-transmit the message at predetermined intervals, to assure that the signal may be reliably received by the thermostat 140. Thus, the microprocessor of the controller 104 may communicate a message to the transmitter device 130, which accordingly transmits a signal including the message indicating an abnormal condition of the appliance via the LAN connection with the thermostat 140.
In a second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a controller 204 for controlling the operation of a fuel-fired water heating appliance 212 is provided that comprises at least one sensor 228 for detecting the presence of at least one of a flammable vapor or a carbon monoxide gas. The controller 204 further comprises a transmitter module 230 for wirelessly transmitting digital signals, and a microprocessor 208 for controlling the operation of the controller 204 of the fuel-fired heating appliance 212. The microprocessor 208 is in communication with the transmitter module 230, and is capable of monitoring the at least one sensor 228 for determining an abnormal condition for the fuel fired water heating appliance 212. The microprocessor 208 responds to an abnormal condition by communicating a message to the transmitter module 230, whereby the transmitter module 230 transmits the message to a thermostat (not shown in FIG. 3) capable of receiving and immediately displaying the message on a display device on the thermostat for an occupant to view.
In the second embodiment, the transmitter module 230 preferably comprises an RF transceiver module. The controller 204 and transceiver module 230 are capable of continuously transmitting a message at predetermined intervals, to assure that the signal may be properly received by the thermostat 240. The transmitter device 230 is in communication with an antenna device 232 that is either trace mounted on a circuit board of the controller 204 or a transmitter circuit 234, or externally mounted. The transmitter module 230 is configured to transmit at a frequency in the range of about 915 to 918 megahertz (MHz), but may alternatively transmit at other frequencies suitable for achieving wireless communication across the same distance. Such devices communicate across relatively closed distances of 20 to 40 feet, and typically operate at a low power transmission levels (under 1 watt) that fall within the un-licensed Federal Communications Commission (FCC) part 15 rules that limit maximum transmission power or field strength. In addition, FCC regulations limit some devices to communicating only once in a 100 millisecond interval. However, the FCC Part 15 rules permit a number of “periodic” devices to transmit on certain permitted frequencies at a much higher transmission power. Such devices may include signaling devices with very limited transmission times of not more than 5 seconds duration, for signaling an alarm during emergency situations involving fire or safety of life. The transceiver module 230 is preferably configured to transmit at a variable power level, which power level may be controlled by an external input to the transceiver. Such an external input could be provided by the microprocessor 208 of the controller 204, for establishing “periodic” transmissions of signals upon sensing an abnormal condition. The RF transceiver is generally capable of transmitting signals at a frequency of about 915 to 917 MHz, at a power level of less than 1 watt. It should be noted that the RF transceiver 230 may alternately be configured to transmit at 433 MHz, or any other frequency suitable for wireless communication across the present short range distance. The RF transceiver 230 is also configured to make “periodic” transmissions of signals at peak power transmission levels above 1 watt for a duration not more than 5 seconds (which is above the FCC limit), where the signal includes a message indicating an abnormal condition that involves a potential fire hazard or safety of life. This provides an effective transmission signal strength for reliably propagating signals and improving the likelihood that the signal will be reliably received by an external device such as a thermostat 240, for alerting an occupant of an abnormal condition.
One example of an RF transceiver 230 that is capable of transmitting at frequencies in the range of 915 to 917 MHz, at varying power levels is a TXM-916-ES RF Module manufactured by LINX Technologies, Inc. This RF Module includes an input for receiving a digital signal (such as from a UART output of the microprocessor 208), and an LADJ input for external adjustment and control of the transmit power up to a maximum of 7 milliamperes (+4 dBm). Another example of a transmitter 230 is a CC1070 wireless RF transmitter manufactured by Chipcon AS, of Germany. This RF transmitter also has a programmable output transmit power of up to a maximum of 28 milliamperes (+8 dBm). This transmitter includes a PA_Power bit register that can be set (by microprocessor 208 for example) to change the output transmit power. Where the transceiver module 230 is further capable of receiving signals, the controller 204 or microprocessor 208 may prohibit the reception of wireless transmissions by the transceiver 230 while an abnormal condition has been detected, to establish priority for transmission of signals indicating the presence of an abnormal condition. Accordingly, the controller 204 provides for detecting an abnormal condition and responding by wirelessly transmitting a signal indicating the abnormal condition to alert an occupant of the abnormal condition.
The advantages of the above described embodiment and improvements should be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, as to enabling communication from fuel-fired heating systems to other external devices. Additional design considerations may be incorporated without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited by the particular embodiment or form described above, but by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring the operation of a fuel fired heater, comprising:

a fuel fired heater having a burner, a gas valve, a high temperature condition sensing, and at least one other sensor for sensing the presence of a harmful level of carbon monoxide or flammable vapors;

a heater controller for controlling the operation of the fuel fired heater, the controller being capable of monitoring the high temperature sensing means and the at least one other sensor to detect an abnormal condition, and being capable of responding to an abnormal condition by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating the presence of an abnormal condition; and

a thermostat capable of receiving the wirelessly transmitted message and immediately displaying a text message on the thermostat's display device of the abnormal condition for the fuel fired heater.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the controller responds to the abnormal condition by commencing successive wireless transmissions of a signal including a message indicating the presence of an abnormal condition.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller prohibits the reception of wireless transmissions while an abnormal condition has been detected.

4. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller continuously retransmits the message at predetermined intervals.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the transmission module is configured to transmit signals at a peak power transmission level above 1 watt for a duration not more than 5 seconds to provide an effective transmission signal strength for reliable reception of the signal including the message indicating an abnormal condition.

6. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller responds to the detection of at least 100 parts per million of carbon monoxide gas in a 90 minute period by the at least one other sensor by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal harmful level of carbon monoxide gas concentration.

7. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller responds to the detection of a flammable vapor concentration greater than 50 percent of the lower flammability level by the at least one other sensor by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal concentration of flammable vapor present near the heater.

8. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller responds to the detection of a high temperature condition within the heater by the high temperature sensing means by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal high temperature condition for the heater.

9. The system of claim 2 wherein the message is a text message that is displayed in its entirety by the display device of the thermostat.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein the message is displayed by the thermostat independent of any input from a user of the thermostat.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the display device displays the text message in a continuously scrolling marquee manner to alert an occupant of the abnormal condition.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein the thermostat activates an audible alarm simultaneous with the display by the display device of a message indicating an abnormal condition.

13. The system of claim 2 wherein the controller further shuts down the operation of the fuel fired heater and wirelessly transmits a message indicating that the heater is not operational.

14. A controller for controlling the operation of a fuel-fired water heating appliance, the control comprising:

at least one sensor for detecting the presence of at least one of a flammable vapor or a carbon monoxide gas;

a transmitter module for wirelessly transmitting digital signals;

a microprocessor in communication with the transmitter module, the microprocessor being capable of monitoring the at least one sensor for determining when an abnormal condition for the fuel fired water heating appliance, and responding by communicating a message to the transmitter module, whereby the transmitter module transmits the message to a receiving thermostat capable of immediately displaying the message on a display device for an occupant to view.

15. The controller of claim 14 wherein the controller responds to the detection of at least 100 parts per million of carbon monoxide gas in a 90 minute period by the at least one other sensor by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal harmful level of carbon monoxide gas concentration.

16. The controller of claim 14 wherein the controller responds to the detection of a flammable vapor concentration greater than 50 percent of the lower flammability level by the at least one other sensor by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal concentration of flammable vapor present near the water heater appliance.

17. The controller of claim 14 further comprising a second sensor, wherein the at least one sensor and the second sensor together provide for detecting an abnormal condition of at least 100 parts per million of carbon monoxide gas in a 90 minute period or a flammable vapor concentration greater than 50 percent of the lower flammability level, and the controller responds to the abnormal condition by wirelessly transmitting a signal including a message indicating an abnormal high temperature condition for the water heater appliance.

18. The controller of claim 17 wherein the transmission module is configured to transmit signals at a peak power transmission level above 1 watt for a duration not more than 5 seconds to provide an effective transmission signal strength for reliable reception of the signal including the message indicating an abnormal condition.

19. The controller of claim 17 wherein the controller responds to the abnormal condition by commencing successive wireless transmissions at predetermined intervals of a signal including a message indicating the presence of an abnormal condition.

20. A method of communicating an abnormal condition for a fuel fired heating appliance for a space to a thermostat within the space, the method comprising:

sensing the presence of at least one of an abnormal temperature or a harmful level of carbon monoxide gas, or a harmful level of flammable vapors near the appliance; and

wirelessly transmitting a message from a controller for the fuel fired heating appliance indicating at least one abnormal condition for the fuel fired heating appliance;

receiving the wireless transmission of the message of at least one abnormal condition; and

immediately displaying a text message on the display of the thermostat to alert an occupant of the space of the abnormal condition.