US20080061974A1 - Security system - Google Patents

Security system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20080061974A1
US20080061974A1 US11/982,499 US98249907A US2008061974A1 US 20080061974 A1 US20080061974 A1 US 20080061974A1 US 98249907 A US98249907 A US 98249907A US 2008061974 A1 US2008061974 A1 US 2008061974A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
transceiver
primary
primary transceiver
electronic apparatus
communication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/982,499
Inventor
David Rouille
Catherine Mouille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intellectual Ventures Assets 186 LLC
ROUILLE TECHNOLOGIES LLC
Callahan Cellular LLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/982,499 priority Critical patent/US20080061974A1/en
Publication of US20080061974A1 publication Critical patent/US20080061974A1/en
Assigned to ROUILLE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC reassignment ROUILLE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROUILLE, CATHERINE J., ROUILLE, DAVID W.
Assigned to C.H.I. DEVELOPMENT MGMT. LTD. XXI, LLC reassignment C.H.I. DEVELOPMENT MGMT. LTD. XXI, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROUILLE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
Assigned to INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 186 LLC reassignment INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 186 LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CALLAHAN CELLULAR L.L.C.
Assigned to INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 191 LLC, INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 186 LLC reassignment INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 191 LLC SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIND FUSION, LLC
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/88Detecting or preventing theft or loss
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/14Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
    • G08B13/1427Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles with transmitter-receiver for distance detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/0202Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
    • G08B21/0205Specific application combined with child monitoring using a transmitter-receiver system
    • G08B21/0213System disabling if a separation threshold is exceeded

Definitions

  • Credit cards are well known and are commonly used for purchasing items. A problem associated with credit cards is that they may be easily lost or stolen. A lost or stolen credit card may then be used to purchase items that the rightful owner of the credit card does not intend. This leads to millions of dollars of unauthorized purchases being transacted every year, with the cost being paid by the credit card company and/or the credit card owner.
  • Electronic devices such as cellular telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and laptop computers are well known and are commonly used for all sorts of activities by a large number of people.
  • PDAs Personal Digital Assistants
  • a problem associated with these electronic devices is that they may be easily lost or stolen.
  • a lost or stolen cell phone can be used to make calls and accumulate large phone bills.
  • a lost PDA can result in the loss of private or crucial personal and business information.
  • the loss of a laptop computer can result in confidential data being disclosed.
  • an apparatus wherein a credit card is disabled if the card is located more then a predetermined distance away from the owner. Accordingly, a lost or stolen credit card is rendered unusable.
  • the card has coupled thereto a receiver or transceiver.
  • a transmitter or transceiver is located separately from the card. When the receiver and transmitter can communicate, the card is usable, when the receiver and transmitter cannot communicate; the receiver disables the card, rendering the card unusable.
  • an apparatus wherein an electronic device is disabled if the device is located more then a predetermined distance away from the owner. Accordingly, a lost or stolen device is rendered unusable.
  • the device card has integrated therein a receiver or transceiver.
  • a transmitter or transceiver is located separately from the device. When the receiver and transmitter can communicate, the device card is usable, when the receiver and transmitter cannot communicate; the receiver disables the device, rendering the device unusable.
  • FIG. 1 comprises a block diagram showing the apparatus of the present invention coupled to a card
  • FIG. 2 comprises a block diagram showing the apparatus of the present invention coupled to a device.
  • a Radio Frequency Communications System comprises two major components: a Radio Frequency (RF) primary transceiver and a corresponding RF secondary transceiver.
  • the primary and secondary transceivers communicate via radio frequencies (RF).
  • the primary transceiver and secondary transceiver can communicate without line-of-sight, through non-conducting material, at a high rate, and over a distance of several feet. Additionally, the size of a transceiver is very small (smaller than a postage stamp) and the cost very low (less than 10 cents for a passive transceiver).
  • the secondary transceiver comprises a small microchip attached to an antenna.
  • the secondary transceiver may be active or passive.
  • An active transceiver has its own power source, such as a battery.
  • a passive transceiver receives power from the primary transceiver signal.
  • a passive transceiver may have a range of about 30 feet, while an active transceiver can have a range of up to 3000 feet. The transceiver can be tuned to provide the desired range for the application.
  • the primary transceiver interrogates one or more secondary transceivers to determine if the secondary transceiver is within range of the primary transceiver, referred to as “pinging” the secondary transceiver(s). If a secondary transceiver responds to the ping, then the secondary transceiver is within the range of the primary transceiver. On the other hand, if the secondary transceiver does not respond to the ping, then the secondary receiver is out of range of the primary transceiver.
  • a single primary transceiver may be used with multiple secondary transceivers, which each secondary transceiver having an individual identification number (IN), such that a response to a ping includes the ID number of the secondary transceiver and the primary transceiver can detect which of the secondary transceivers responded to the ping.
  • the primary transceiver may send pings that include an ID number of a transceiver and the transceiver will only respond to a ping that includes the transceivers ID number.
  • Secondary transceivers receive power by harvesting energy from the electromagnetic field of the primary transceiver's communication signal. Passive transceivers both receive power and communicate within a narrow band of radio frequencies specified by regulation agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The center of this band of frequencies is denoted as f. When referring to RFCS operating at frequency f, it is implied that this is the center of an operating band of frequencies.
  • FCC Federal Communications Commission
  • Passive transceivers typically receive power through inductive coupling or through far-field energy harvesting.
  • Inductive coupling uses the magnet field generated by the primary transceiver to induce an electric current through a coupling element, usually an antenna and a capacitor. The current from coupling charges a capacitor that provides voltage and power to the secondary transceiver.
  • Inductive coupling works in the near-field of the communication signal, which extends a 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ times a signal's wavelength from the source.
  • the operating voltage of an inductively coupled secondary transceiver depends on the flux density at that range from the primary transceiver. At a distance d, the magnetic field emitted by a primary transceiver has decreased to 1/d 3 its original strength. For a circularly coiled reader antenna with radius R, the flux is maximized at distance d when R approximately equals the square root of 2d. Thus, increasing R increases the range of optimal communication.
  • passive transceivers may be powered by collecting energy from the far field which is the range outside 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ the wavelength of a signal.
  • the power available to a transceiver decreases proportional to the distance from the reader, in this case, at a rate of 1/d 2 .
  • RFCS Industrial-Scientific-Medical
  • ISM Industrial-Scientific-Medical
  • the most common ISM bands used by RFCS are 13.56 MHz and 902-928 MHz.
  • Low frequency licenses are also available in the 9 kHz-135 kHz bands.
  • Devices operating in each band are subject to different power and bandwidth regulations. For example RFCS operating in the 13.56 MHz band are limited to a bandwidth of 14 kHz in the forward channel.
  • An RFCS 1 is comprised of receiver or primary transceiver 40 and a transmitter or secondary transceiver 50 .
  • the primary transceiver is either coupled to or integrated with a credit card 20 . While the description uses a credit card, it should be understood that similar types of financial transaction cards such as ATM cards, debit cards, gift cards and the like are also within the scope of the present invention, therefore the term credit card as used herein is understood to also include these other types of financial transaction cards.
  • the credit card 20 includes a magnetic strip 30 that contains coded information.
  • the primary transceiver 40 is coupled to the magnetic strip of credit card 20 . In operation the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver. If the secondary transceiver is with in the range of the primary transceiver 40 , the secondary transceiver responds to the ping with an answer. The answer is received by the primary transceiver and the credit card is usable.
  • the primary transceiver When the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver and the secondary transceiver is out of range then the primary transceiver does not receive a response and the primary transceiver disables the magnetic strip, thus rendering the card 20 unusable.
  • the secondary transceiver is located separately from the primary transceiver such as being installed on a key ring or in a wallet, purse, or other article that a person would normally have with them when using their credit card.
  • the primary transceiver (disposed on the card or integrated with the card) is located within the range of the secondary transceiver and the card functions normally.
  • the primary receiver would not receive an answer to a ping, and the primary transceiver disables the magnetic strip, rendering the card unusable.
  • the primary transceiver may include a timing circuit such that the pings are made at regular intervals, such as once an hour, once every four hours, once a day or any desired time interval. This helps save battery life of the primary transceiver.
  • the secondary transceiver is located on or integrated with the card and is coupled to the magnetic strip of credit card, while the primary transceiver is located remotely from the card.
  • the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver. If the secondary transceiver is with in the range of the primary transceiver 40 , the secondary transceiver detects the ping and the credit card is usable.
  • the secondary transceiver When the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver and the secondary transceiver is out of range then the secondary transceiver (not having received a ping for a predetermined amount of time) disables the magnetic strip, thus rendering the card 20 unusable.
  • the card When the card is rendered unusable, preferably the card is not permanently unusable, but can be made usable again once the secondary transceiver is within range of the primary transceiver.
  • the card can be made permanently unusable once the secondary transceiver is out of range of the primary transceiver (e.g. by magnetically altering the information on the magnetic strip).
  • An RFCS 100 is comprised of receiver or primary transceiver 140 and a transmitter or secondary transceiver 150 .
  • the primary transceiver is either coupled to or integrated with the device 120 .
  • the primary transceiver 140 is coupled to the device such that the transceiver is utilized as part of a power-up sequence or an activity sequence.
  • the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver. If the secondary transceiver is with in the range of the primary transceiver 140 , the secondary transceiver responds to the ping with an answer. The answer is received by the primary transceiver and the activity or power-up sequence continues.
  • the primary transceiver When the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver and the secondary transceiver is out of range then the primary transceiver does not receive a response and the primary transceiver prevents execution of the power-up sequence or activity, thus rendering the device 120 unusable.
  • the activity may be sending a call, typically performed by entering a telephone number and pushing a “SEND” button on the phone. The pushing of the “SEND” button in this instance results in the primary transceiver sending a ping to the secondary transceiver and if a response is received, the “SEND operation is allowed to complete and the call is initiated.
  • the “SEND” operation terminates without the call being dialed, rendering the phone unusable for outgoing calls.
  • a similar situation occurs when the “SEND” button is used to answer a ringing phone. Before the call is answered, the primary transceiver sends a ping to the secondary transceiver and if a response is received, the “SEND” operation is allowed to complete and the call is answered. However if there is no response received by the primary transceiver, then the “SEND” operation terminates without the call being answered, rendering the phone unusable to receive incoming calls.
  • the secondary transceiver is located separately from the primary transceiver such as being installed on a key ring or in a wallet, purse, or other article that a person would normally have with them when using their credit card.
  • the primary transceiver (disposed within the device) is located within the range of the secondary transceiver and the device functions normally.
  • the primary receiver would not receive an answer to a ping, and the primary transceiver disables the execution of a power-up sequence or activity, rendering the device unusable.
  • the device When the device is rendered unusable, preferably the device is not permanently unusable, but can be made usable again once the secondary transceiver is within range of the primary transceiver. Optionally, the device can be made permanently unusable once the secondary transceiver is out of range of the primary transceiver.
  • a computer usable medium can include a readable memory device, such as a hard drive device, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, or a computer diskette, having computer readable program code segments stored thereon.
  • the computer readable medium can also include a communications link, either optical, wired, or wireless, having program code segments carried thereon as digital or analog signals.

Abstract

In accordance with the present invention, a method and an apparatus are provided wherein a device is disabled if the device is located more then a predetermined distance away from the owner. Accordingly, a lost or stolen device is rendered unusable. The device has coupled thereto a receiver or transceiver. A transmitter or transceiver is located separately from the device. When the receiver and transmitter can communicate, the device is usable, when the receiver and transmitter cannot communicate, the receiver disables the device, rendering the device unusable.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation of pending patent application Ser. No. 11/888,578 filed Aug. 1, 2007, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 10/888,405 (now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,267,266), which claims the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/486,012 filed Jul. 10, 2003, provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/486,043 filed Jul. 10, 2003 and provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/486,042 filed Jul. 10, 2003, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
  • Not Applicable
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Credit cards are well known and are commonly used for purchasing items. A problem associated with credit cards is that they may be easily lost or stolen. A lost or stolen credit card may then be used to purchase items that the rightful owner of the credit card does not intend. This leads to millions of dollars of unauthorized purchases being transacted every year, with the cost being paid by the credit card company and/or the credit card owner.
  • Electronic devices such as cellular telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and laptop computers are well known and are commonly used for all sorts of activities by a large number of people. A problem associated with these electronic devices is that they may be easily lost or stolen. A lost or stolen cell phone can be used to make calls and accumulate large phone bills. A lost PDA can result in the loss of private or crucial personal and business information. The loss of a laptop computer can result in confidential data being disclosed.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided wherein a credit card is disabled if the card is located more then a predetermined distance away from the owner. Accordingly, a lost or stolen credit card is rendered unusable. The card has coupled thereto a receiver or transceiver. A transmitter or transceiver is located separately from the card. When the receiver and transmitter can communicate, the card is usable, when the receiver and transmitter cannot communicate; the receiver disables the card, rendering the card unusable.
  • In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided wherein an electronic device is disabled if the device is located more then a predetermined distance away from the owner. Accordingly, a lost or stolen device is rendered unusable. The device card has integrated therein a receiver or transceiver. A transmitter or transceiver is located separately from the device. When the receiver and transmitter can communicate, the device card is usable, when the receiver and transmitter cannot communicate; the receiver disables the device, rendering the device unusable.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The foregoing features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, may be more fully understood from the following description of the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 comprises a block diagram showing the apparatus of the present invention coupled to a card; and
  • FIG. 2 comprises a block diagram showing the apparatus of the present invention coupled to a device.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • A Radio Frequency Communications System (RFCS) comprises two major components: a Radio Frequency (RF) primary transceiver and a corresponding RF secondary transceiver. The primary and secondary transceivers communicate via radio frequencies (RF). The primary transceiver and secondary transceiver can communicate without line-of-sight, through non-conducting material, at a high rate, and over a distance of several feet. Additionally, the size of a transceiver is very small (smaller than a postage stamp) and the cost very low (less than 10 cents for a passive transceiver).
  • The secondary transceiver comprises a small microchip attached to an antenna. The secondary transceiver may be active or passive. An active transceiver has its own power source, such as a battery. A passive transceiver receives power from the primary transceiver signal. A passive transceiver may have a range of about 30 feet, while an active transceiver can have a range of up to 3000 feet. The transceiver can be tuned to provide the desired range for the application.
  • The primary transceiver interrogates one or more secondary transceivers to determine if the secondary transceiver is within range of the primary transceiver, referred to as “pinging” the secondary transceiver(s). If a secondary transceiver responds to the ping, then the secondary transceiver is within the range of the primary transceiver. On the other hand, if the secondary transceiver does not respond to the ping, then the secondary receiver is out of range of the primary transceiver. Optionally, a single primary transceiver may be used with multiple secondary transceivers, which each secondary transceiver having an individual identification number (IN), such that a response to a ping includes the ID number of the secondary transceiver and the primary transceiver can detect which of the secondary transceivers responded to the ping. Further, the primary transceiver may send pings that include an ID number of a transceiver and the transceiver will only respond to a ping that includes the transceivers ID number.
  • Secondary transceivers receive power by harvesting energy from the electromagnetic field of the primary transceiver's communication signal. Passive transceivers both receive power and communicate within a narrow band of radio frequencies specified by regulation agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The center of this band of frequencies is denoted as f. When referring to RFCS operating at frequency f, it is implied that this is the center of an operating band of frequencies.
  • Passive transceivers typically receive power through inductive coupling or through far-field energy harvesting. Inductive coupling uses the magnet field generated by the primary transceiver to induce an electric current through a coupling element, usually an antenna and a capacitor. The current from coupling charges a capacitor that provides voltage and power to the secondary transceiver. Inductive coupling works in the near-field of the communication signal, which extends a ½π times a signal's wavelength from the source.
  • The operating voltage of an inductively coupled secondary transceiver depends on the flux density at that range from the primary transceiver. At a distance d, the magnetic field emitted by a primary transceiver has decreased to 1/d3 its original strength. For a circularly coiled reader antenna with radius R, the flux is maximized at distance d when R approximately equals the square root of 2d. Thus, increasing R increases the range of optimal communication.
  • Besides inductive coupling, passive transceivers may be powered by collecting energy from the far field which is the range outside ½π the wavelength of a signal. As with inductive coupling, the power available to a transceiver decreases proportional to the distance from the reader, in this case, at a rate of 1/d2.
  • Most RFCS operate in the Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) bands which are available for low power short range RFCS. In the United States, the most common ISM bands used by RFCS are 13.56 MHz and 902-928 MHz. Low frequency licenses are also available in the 9 kHz-135 kHz bands. Devices operating in each band are subject to different power and bandwidth regulations. For example RFCS operating in the 13.56 MHz band are limited to a bandwidth of 14 kHz in the forward channel.
  • Referring to FIG. 1 a block diagram of a particular embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. An RFCS 1 is comprised of receiver or primary transceiver 40 and a transmitter or secondary transceiver 50. In order to provide security for a credit card 20, the primary transceiver is either coupled to or integrated with a credit card 20. While the description uses a credit card, it should be understood that similar types of financial transaction cards such as ATM cards, debit cards, gift cards and the like are also within the scope of the present invention, therefore the term credit card as used herein is understood to also include these other types of financial transaction cards.
  • The credit card 20 includes a magnetic strip 30 that contains coded information. The primary transceiver 40 is coupled to the magnetic strip of credit card 20. In operation the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver. If the secondary transceiver is with in the range of the primary transceiver 40, the secondary transceiver responds to the ping with an answer. The answer is received by the primary transceiver and the credit card is usable.
  • When the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver and the secondary transceiver is out of range then the primary transceiver does not receive a response and the primary transceiver disables the magnetic strip, thus rendering the card 20 unusable.
  • The secondary transceiver is located separately from the primary transceiver such as being installed on a key ring or in a wallet, purse, or other article that a person would normally have with them when using their credit card. Thus, under normal circumstances, the primary transceiver (disposed on the card or integrated with the card) is located within the range of the secondary transceiver and the card functions normally. However, of the card is lost or stolen, chances are that the card will be located a distance away from the secondary transceiver which is located on the owners key ring or wallet or purse and as such, the primary receiver would not receive an answer to a ping, and the primary transceiver disables the magnetic strip, rendering the card unusable.
  • The primary transceiver may include a timing circuit such that the pings are made at regular intervals, such as once an hour, once every four hours, once a day or any desired time interval. This helps save battery life of the primary transceiver.
  • In an alternate embodiment the secondary transceiver is located on or integrated with the card and is coupled to the magnetic strip of credit card, while the primary transceiver is located remotely from the card. In operation the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver. If the secondary transceiver is with in the range of the primary transceiver 40, the secondary transceiver detects the ping and the credit card is usable.
  • When the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver and the secondary transceiver is out of range then the secondary transceiver (not having received a ping for a predetermined amount of time) disables the magnetic strip, thus rendering the card 20 unusable.
  • When the card is rendered unusable, preferably the card is not permanently unusable, but can be made usable again once the secondary transceiver is within range of the primary transceiver. Optionally, the card can be made permanently unusable once the secondary transceiver is out of range of the primary transceiver (e.g. by magnetically altering the information on the magnetic strip).
  • Referring now to FIG. 2, a block diagram of another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is shown. An RFCS 100 is comprised of receiver or primary transceiver 140 and a transmitter or secondary transceiver 150. In order to provide security for a device 120, the primary transceiver is either coupled to or integrated with the device 120.
  • The primary transceiver 140 is coupled to the device such that the transceiver is utilized as part of a power-up sequence or an activity sequence. In operation, during power-up or an activity the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver. If the secondary transceiver is with in the range of the primary transceiver 140, the secondary transceiver responds to the ping with an answer. The answer is received by the primary transceiver and the activity or power-up sequence continues.
  • When the primary transceiver pings the secondary transceiver and the secondary transceiver is out of range then the primary transceiver does not receive a response and the primary transceiver prevents execution of the power-up sequence or activity, thus rendering the device 120 unusable. In the case where the device is a cellular telephone, the activity may be sending a call, typically performed by entering a telephone number and pushing a “SEND” button on the phone. The pushing of the “SEND” button in this instance results in the primary transceiver sending a ping to the secondary transceiver and if a response is received, the “SEND operation is allowed to complete and the call is initiated. However, if there is no response received by the primary transceiver, then the “SEND” operation terminates without the call being dialed, rendering the phone unusable for outgoing calls. A similar situation occurs when the “SEND” button is used to answer a ringing phone. Before the call is answered, the primary transceiver sends a ping to the secondary transceiver and if a response is received, the “SEND” operation is allowed to complete and the call is answered. However if there is no response received by the primary transceiver, then the “SEND” operation terminates without the call being answered, rendering the phone unusable to receive incoming calls.
  • The secondary transceiver is located separately from the primary transceiver such as being installed on a key ring or in a wallet, purse, or other article that a person would normally have with them when using their credit card. Thus, under normal circumstances, the primary transceiver (disposed within the device) is located within the range of the secondary transceiver and the device functions normally. However, of the device is lost or stolen, chances are that the device will be located a distance away from the secondary transceiver which is located on the owners key ring or wallet or purse and as such, the primary receiver would not receive an answer to a ping, and the primary transceiver disables the execution of a power-up sequence or activity, rendering the device unusable.
  • When the device is rendered unusable, preferably the device is not permanently unusable, but can be made usable again once the secondary transceiver is within range of the primary transceiver. Optionally, the device can be made permanently unusable once the secondary transceiver is out of range of the primary transceiver.
  • Having described preferred embodiments of the invention it will now become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating these concepts may be used. Additionally, the software included as part of the invention may be embodied in a computer program product that includes a computer useable medium. For example, such a computer usable medium can include a readable memory device, such as a hard drive device, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, or a computer diskette, having computer readable program code segments stored thereon. The computer readable medium can also include a communications link, either optical, wired, or wireless, having program code segments carried thereon as digital or analog signals. Accordingly, it is submitted that that the invention should not be limited to the described embodiments but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1. A security device for an electronic apparatus comprising:
a primary transceiver coupled to the electronic apparatus; and
a secondary transceiver wherein said primary transceiver has a transmit range defining an area within which said primary transceiver can communicate with said secondary transceiver and wherein said primary transceiver of said financial transaction card attempts to communicate with said secondary transceiver by said primary transceiver sending a first communication to said secondary transceiver which is received by said secondary receiver and wherein said secondary transceiver responds to said first communication by sending a first response to said first communication to said primary transceiver and wherein upon said primary transceiver receiving said response, said primary transceiver enables at least one function of the electronic apparatus and wherein when said primary transceiver of said financial transaction card cannot communicate with said secondary transceiver because said secondary transceiver is outside of said transmit range of said primary transceiver said electronic apparatus has at least one function disabled.
2. The security device of claim 1 wherein said electronic apparatus is selected from the group consisting of a cellular telephone, a Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and a laptop computer.
3. The security device of claim 1 wherein said function is selected from the group consisting of enabling the electronic device to power up, enabling the electronic device to place a call, enabling the electronic device to connect to a network, and enabling the electronic device to access stored information.
4. The security device of claim 1 wherein said primary transceiver comprises an active transceiver.
5. The security device of claim 1 wherein said primary transceiver comprises a passive transceiver.
6. The security device of claim 1 wherein said secondary transceiver comprises an active transceiver.
7. The security device of claim 1 wherein said secondary transceiver comprises a passive transceiver.
8. The security device of claim 1 wherein said first communication comprises a ping.
9. The security device of claim 8 wherein said response to first communication comprises a response to said ping.
10. A security method for an electronic apparatus comprising:
providing a primary transceiver coupled to the electronic apparatus; and
providing a secondary transceiver wherein said primary transceiver has a transmit range defining an area within which said primary transceiver can communicate with said secondary transceiver and wherein said primary transceiver of said electronic apparatus attempts to communicate with said secondary transceiver by said primary transceiver sending a first communication to said secondary transceiver which is received by said secondary receiver and wherein said secondary transceiver responds to said first communication by sending a first response to said first communication to said primary transceiver and wherein upon said primary transceiver receiving said response, said primary transceiver enables said electronic apparatus to function and wherein when said primary transceiver of said of said electronic apparatus cannot communicate with said secondary transceiver because said secondary transceiver is outside of said transmit range of said primary transceiver said electronic apparatus is disabled from performing a function.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said electronic apparatus is selected from the group consisting of a cellular telephone, a Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and a laptop computer.
12. The method of claim 10 said function is selected from the group consisting of enabling the electronic device to power up, enabling the electronic device to place a call, enabling the electronic device to connect to a network, enabling the electronic device to access stored information.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein said primary transceiver comprises an active transceiver.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein said primary transceiver comprises a passive transceiver.
15. The method of claim 10 wherein said secondary transceiver comprises an active transceiver.
16. The method of claim 10 wherein said secondary transceiver comprises a passive transceiver.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein said first communication comprises a ping.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said response to first communication comprises a response to said ping.
US11/982,499 2003-07-10 2007-11-02 Security system Abandoned US20080061974A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/982,499 US20080061974A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-11-02 Security system

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48601203P 2003-07-10 2003-07-10
US48604303P 2003-07-10 2003-07-10
US48604203P 2003-07-10 2003-07-10
US10/888,405 US7267266B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2004-07-10 Security system
US11/888,578 US7770790B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-08-01 Security system
US11/982,499 US20080061974A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-11-02 Security system

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/888,578 Continuation US7770790B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-08-01 Security system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080061974A1 true US20080061974A1 (en) 2008-03-13

Family

ID=33568834

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/888,405 Active 2024-09-27 US7267266B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2004-07-10 Security system
US11/888,578 Active 2025-05-17 US7770790B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-08-01 Security system
US11/982,499 Abandoned US20080061974A1 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-11-02 Security system

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/888,405 Active 2024-09-27 US7267266B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2004-07-10 Security system
US11/888,578 Active 2025-05-17 US7770790B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2007-08-01 Security system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (3) US7267266B2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090286093A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2009-11-19 Fuji Electric Device Technology Co., Ltd. Lead-free solder
US9019080B2 (en) 2011-05-25 2015-04-28 International Business Machines Corporation User communication device based card presence monitoring and account status control
US20160189143A1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Capital One Services, Llc System, method, and apparatus for locating a bluetooth enabled transaction card

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7290709B2 (en) * 2001-04-10 2007-11-06 Erica Tsai Information card system
US7267266B2 (en) * 2003-07-10 2007-09-11 Rouille David W Security system
WO2005119608A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Tyfone, Inc. System and method for securing financial transactions
US20050269402A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-08 Tyfone, Inc. System and method for securing financial transactions
KR100657899B1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-12-14 삼성전기주식회사 Method and apparatus controlling RFID module power of handheld mobile
US7581678B2 (en) * 2005-02-22 2009-09-01 Tyfone, Inc. Electronic transaction card
US20060226217A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-12 Tyfone, Inc. Sleeve for electronic transaction card
US8477940B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2013-07-02 Tyfone, Inc. Symmetric cryptography with user authentication
US7805615B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2010-09-28 Tyfone, Inc. Asymmetric cryptography with user authentication
US8189788B2 (en) * 2005-07-15 2012-05-29 Tyfone, Inc. Hybrid symmetric/asymmetric cryptography with user authentication
US7991158B2 (en) 2006-12-13 2011-08-02 Tyfone, Inc. Secure messaging
EP1935993A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-25 Paul Wurth S.A. A rotary charging device for a shaft furnace
US20080244208A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Narendra Siva G Memory card hidden command protocol
US9741027B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2017-08-22 Tyfone, Inc. Memory card based contactless devices
WO2009127991A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Nxp B.V. Method and system to improve the security of a credit card
US8451122B2 (en) 2008-08-08 2013-05-28 Tyfone, Inc. Smartcard performance enhancement circuits and systems
US20100033310A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-11 Narendra Siva G Power negotation for small rfid card
US7961101B2 (en) 2008-08-08 2011-06-14 Tyfone, Inc. Small RFID card with integrated inductive element
TWI420398B (en) * 2009-02-24 2013-12-21 Tyfone Inc Contactless device with miniaturized antenna
DE102011050307A1 (en) * 2011-05-12 2012-11-29 Wincor Nixdorf International Gmbh Method for deactivating and activating a magnetic strip of a chip and magnetic stripe card
CN105825261B (en) * 2016-05-13 2019-05-14 包有娣 A kind of equipment for preventing electronic labeling information to be stolen
US10601232B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-03-24 Capital One Services, Llc Systems and methods for hybrid energy harvesting for transaction cards
US10483771B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2019-11-19 Capital One Services, Llc Systems and methods for hybrid energy harvesting for transaction cards

Citations (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4691202A (en) * 1984-04-03 1987-09-01 Denne Phillip R M Identification systems
US5120939A (en) * 1989-11-09 1992-06-09 At&T Bell Laboratories Databaseless security system
US5412192A (en) * 1993-07-20 1995-05-02 American Express Company Radio frequency activated charge card
US5539394A (en) * 1994-03-16 1996-07-23 International Business Machines Corporation Time division multiplexed batch mode item identification system
US5613159A (en) * 1992-04-08 1997-03-18 Innovatron Industries S.A. Contact-free data exchange between a terminal and modular portable set having two different protocols for exchange which is selected based on portable set type
US5812065A (en) * 1995-08-14 1998-09-22 International Business Machines Corporation Modulation of the resonant frequency of a circuit using an energy field
US5828044A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-10-27 Kookmin Credit Card Co., Ltd. Non-contacting type radio frequency recognizing credit card system
US5896325A (en) * 1997-05-08 1999-04-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha IC card with error processing unit for sense amplifiers
US5914657A (en) * 1998-06-26 1999-06-22 Chen; Vencent Wallet capable of preventing loss of cards kept therein
US5926110A (en) * 1995-08-30 1999-07-20 Ramtron International Corporation Programmable output devices for controlling signal levels in an RF/ID transponder
US6047888A (en) * 1996-01-08 2000-04-11 Dethloff; Juergen Method system and portable data medium for paying for purchases
US6070795A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-06-06 Koninklijke Kpn N.V. Method of making recoverable smart card transactions, a method of recovering such a transaction, as well as a smart card allowing recoverable transactions
US6098879A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-08-08 Gilbarco, Inc. Fuel dispensing system providing customer preferences
US6111506A (en) * 1996-10-15 2000-08-29 Iris Corporation Berhad Method of making an improved security identification document including contactless communication insert unit
US6150961A (en) * 1998-11-24 2000-11-21 International Business Machines Corporation Automated traffic mapping
US6257486B1 (en) * 1998-11-23 2001-07-10 Cardis Research & Development Ltd. Smart card pin system, card, and reader
US6273335B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2001-08-14 Visa International Service Association System and method for locking and unlocking an application in a smart card
US20010040627A1 (en) * 1998-10-21 2001-11-15 Michael L. Obradovich Positional camera and gps data interchange device
US6398115B2 (en) * 1995-02-17 2002-06-04 Arthur A. Krause System for authenticating use of transaction cards having a magnetic stripe
US20030030542A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-13 Von Hoffmann Gerard PDA security system
US20030034891A1 (en) * 2000-01-26 2003-02-20 Pedersen Soren Degnbol Card holder system
US20030106935A1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-06-12 Burchette Robert L. Transaction card system having security against unauthorized usage
US6611673B1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2003-08-26 Oliver T. Bayley Radio frequency-controlled telecommunication device
US20040099746A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2004-05-27 Norton Stephen P. Optical smart card system, apparatus and method
US20040128508A1 (en) * 2001-08-06 2004-07-01 Wheeler Lynn Henry Method and apparatus for access authentication entity
US6778066B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2004-08-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Personal identification badge that resets on the removal of the badge from the wearer
US20040199474A1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2004-10-07 Swisscom Mobile Ag Transaction method with a mobile apparatus
US20050006466A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2005-01-13 Overhultz Gary L. Advertising compliance monitoring system
US20050162269A1 (en) * 2003-05-07 2005-07-28 Lambright Stephen J. Dual mode reader device
US6955299B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2005-10-18 Centre For Wireless Communications Of National University Of Singapore System and method for using a smart card
US6967575B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2005-11-22 Intel Corporation Methods and apparatus for unattended pickups and deliveries
US7061383B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2006-06-13 United Air Lines, Inc. Radio frequency check-in
US7770790B2 (en) * 2003-07-10 2010-08-10 Rouille David W Security system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6810304B1 (en) * 1997-09-26 2004-10-26 Gilbarco Inc. Multistage ordering system for a fueling and retail environment
US6952156B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2005-10-04 Cnh America Llc Transponder communication and control system for a vehicle
US6726099B2 (en) * 2002-09-05 2004-04-27 Honeywell International Inc. RFID tag having multiple transceivers
US20050029345A1 (en) * 2003-07-09 2005-02-10 Paul Waterhouse Integrated lock, drop-box and delivery system and method

Patent Citations (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4691202A (en) * 1984-04-03 1987-09-01 Denne Phillip R M Identification systems
US5120939A (en) * 1989-11-09 1992-06-09 At&T Bell Laboratories Databaseless security system
US5613159A (en) * 1992-04-08 1997-03-18 Innovatron Industries S.A. Contact-free data exchange between a terminal and modular portable set having two different protocols for exchange which is selected based on portable set type
US5412192A (en) * 1993-07-20 1995-05-02 American Express Company Radio frequency activated charge card
US5539394A (en) * 1994-03-16 1996-07-23 International Business Machines Corporation Time division multiplexed batch mode item identification system
US6398115B2 (en) * 1995-02-17 2002-06-04 Arthur A. Krause System for authenticating use of transaction cards having a magnetic stripe
US5812065A (en) * 1995-08-14 1998-09-22 International Business Machines Corporation Modulation of the resonant frequency of a circuit using an energy field
US5926110A (en) * 1995-08-30 1999-07-20 Ramtron International Corporation Programmable output devices for controlling signal levels in an RF/ID transponder
US6047888A (en) * 1996-01-08 2000-04-11 Dethloff; Juergen Method system and portable data medium for paying for purchases
US5828044A (en) * 1996-03-14 1998-10-27 Kookmin Credit Card Co., Ltd. Non-contacting type radio frequency recognizing credit card system
US6070795A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-06-06 Koninklijke Kpn N.V. Method of making recoverable smart card transactions, a method of recovering such a transaction, as well as a smart card allowing recoverable transactions
US6111506A (en) * 1996-10-15 2000-08-29 Iris Corporation Berhad Method of making an improved security identification document including contactless communication insert unit
US5896325A (en) * 1997-05-08 1999-04-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha IC card with error processing unit for sense amplifiers
US20040199474A1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2004-10-07 Swisscom Mobile Ag Transaction method with a mobile apparatus
US6098879A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-08-08 Gilbarco, Inc. Fuel dispensing system providing customer preferences
US6273335B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2001-08-14 Visa International Service Association System and method for locking and unlocking an application in a smart card
US5914657A (en) * 1998-06-26 1999-06-22 Chen; Vencent Wallet capable of preventing loss of cards kept therein
US20010040627A1 (en) * 1998-10-21 2001-11-15 Michael L. Obradovich Positional camera and gps data interchange device
US6257486B1 (en) * 1998-11-23 2001-07-10 Cardis Research & Development Ltd. Smart card pin system, card, and reader
US6150961A (en) * 1998-11-24 2000-11-21 International Business Machines Corporation Automated traffic mapping
US6611673B1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2003-08-26 Oliver T. Bayley Radio frequency-controlled telecommunication device
US6955299B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2005-10-18 Centre For Wireless Communications Of National University Of Singapore System and method for using a smart card
US20030034891A1 (en) * 2000-01-26 2003-02-20 Pedersen Soren Degnbol Card holder system
US6967575B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2005-11-22 Intel Corporation Methods and apparatus for unattended pickups and deliveries
US6778066B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2004-08-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Personal identification badge that resets on the removal of the badge from the wearer
US20040099746A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2004-05-27 Norton Stephen P. Optical smart card system, apparatus and method
US20040128508A1 (en) * 2001-08-06 2004-07-01 Wheeler Lynn Henry Method and apparatus for access authentication entity
US20030030542A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-13 Von Hoffmann Gerard PDA security system
US7061383B2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2006-06-13 United Air Lines, Inc. Radio frequency check-in
US20030106935A1 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-06-12 Burchette Robert L. Transaction card system having security against unauthorized usage
US20050006466A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2005-01-13 Overhultz Gary L. Advertising compliance monitoring system
US20050162269A1 (en) * 2003-05-07 2005-07-28 Lambright Stephen J. Dual mode reader device
US7770790B2 (en) * 2003-07-10 2010-08-10 Rouille David W Security system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090286093A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2009-11-19 Fuji Electric Device Technology Co., Ltd. Lead-free solder
US9019080B2 (en) 2011-05-25 2015-04-28 International Business Machines Corporation User communication device based card presence monitoring and account status control
US20160189143A1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Capital One Services, Llc System, method, and apparatus for locating a bluetooth enabled transaction card

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7267266B2 (en) 2007-09-11
US20070268109A1 (en) 2007-11-22
US7770790B2 (en) 2010-08-10
US20050006462A1 (en) 2005-01-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7770790B2 (en) Security system
JP4789092B2 (en) Mobile phone, R badge, receiver
US8145191B2 (en) Apparatus and method for preventing wireless interrogation of phones
KR100815148B1 (en) System and method for settlement security using nfc
US6340116B1 (en) Proximity card with incorporated pin code protection
US20080076474A1 (en) Laminated card assembly
CN103340009A (en) Multi-mode communications system for a mobile phone
JP2014157618A (en) Shielding of portable consumer device
CN1319219A (en) Method and system for paying for goods or services
KR100968071B1 (en) Traffic Card Function Prosecution Method for Mobile Terminal having ID Card and NFC chip
JPH1166430A (en) Accounting and payment system using radio telephone with high safety
US8532619B2 (en) System for authorizing the use of communication devices by proximity
US20130288598A1 (en) Radio Frequency Communication Device
WO2011143074A1 (en) Methods and apparatus for peer-to-peer transfer of secure data using near field communications
US20050177484A1 (en) Audio-equipped transaction card systems and approaches
CN101887615A (en) Method and system for realizing mobile payment of mobile terminal, and mobile terminal
JP2007531099A (en) An assembly comprising a micromodule and a reproduction device equipped with non-contact proximity communication means
CN102984341B (en) Method and equipment and system for controlling start-up of applications in mobile terminal equipment
CN101101633A (en) Electronic tag scanning method and system
KR20020066828A (en) Control method of electronic commerce with non-contacting RF-card reader
CN105225105A (en) The method for security protection that NFC pays and system
KR100432510B1 (en) A Sticking Contact Type Radio Frequency Integrated Chip Card
JP2009003516A (en) Electronic money system
KR200196515Y1 (en) Apparatus for use limit of RF IC in portable telephone with noncontact type RF IC
US20220122055A1 (en) System and method for generating a bank card distancing warning

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ROUILLE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROUILLE, DAVID W.;ROUILLE, CATHERINE J.;REEL/FRAME:021641/0851

Effective date: 20081007

AS Assignment

Owner name: C.H.I. DEVELOPMENT MGMT. LTD. XXI, LLC, DELAWARE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ROUILLE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC;REEL/FRAME:022041/0006

Effective date: 20080609

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 186 LLC, DELAWARE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CALLAHAN CELLULAR L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:062708/0463

Effective date: 20221222

AS Assignment

Owner name: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 186 LLC, DELAWARE

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MIND FUSION, LLC;REEL/FRAME:063295/0001

Effective date: 20230214

Owner name: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 191 LLC, DELAWARE

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MIND FUSION, LLC;REEL/FRAME:063295/0001

Effective date: 20230214