US20080068362A1 - Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same - Google Patents
Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same Download PDFInfo
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- US20080068362A1 US20080068362A1 US11/985,164 US98516407A US2008068362A1 US 20080068362 A1 US20080068362 A1 US 20080068362A1 US 98516407 A US98516407 A US 98516407A US 2008068362 A1 US2008068362 A1 US 2008068362A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F27/00—Combined visual and audible advertising or displaying, e.g. for public address
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/006—Electronic inspection or testing of displays and display drivers, e.g. of LED or LCD displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2092—Details of a display terminals using a flat panel, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
- H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
- H04N21/4622—Retrieving content or additional data from different sources, e.g. from a broadcast channel and the Internet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/47—End-user applications
- H04N21/478—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application
- H04N21/4782—Web browsing, e.g. WebTV
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
- H04N21/812—Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
- H04N7/183—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a single remote source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/04 - G06F1/32
- G06F2200/16—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/16 - G06F1/18
- G06F2200/163—Indexing scheme relating to constructional details of the computer
- G06F2200/1631—Panel PC, e.g. single housing hosting PC and display panel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
- G06F3/1423—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units controlling a plurality of local displays, e.g. CRT and flat panel display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/04—Maintaining the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/043—Preventing or counteracting the effects of ageing
- G09G2320/046—Dealing with screen burn-in prevention or compensation of the effects thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/08—Fault-tolerant or redundant circuits, or circuits in which repair of defects is prepared
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/10—Dealing with defective pixels
Definitions
- this characteristic is not too problematic as long as the ad segments that comprise the ad loop represent sufficient variation over the cycle so as to approach a fully dynamic (random) presentation at each pixel of the display. In practice, this would translate to setting a maximum duty cycle of 1% or so for any given image (depending on the native characteristics of the particular plasma display used, the color gradation of the images, the frequency of changes of the ad loop itself, and whether any image spiraling techniques were used to reduce the native burn rate).
- the net result of a fully dynamic ad loop is that all pixels of the display would degrade roughly the same amount over time, and no ghost effect would be noticed.
- Digital Menu Board applications generally have zero tolerance to down time; if the menu is not visible the patrons cannot effectively place orders and the entire operation can be sidetracked.
- menu lists critical
- promotional images non-critical
- this fault-tolerant design addresses the most critical issue currently stifling the conversion to a digital paradigm: what if the hardware fails?
- Wayfinding is one specific digital signage application that utilizes interactive plasma (or other large-screen) display technology to deliver facility directory and other relevant information services.
- the user interface architecture must be conducive to intuitive operation and must blend the generally divergent influences of information and advertising components (when a hybrid advertising/public information model is being used).
- the marketplace has demonstrated unequivocally that user acceptance of interactive public information systems is paramount to their commercial success, and to date few products of this kind have succeeded even though many have been tried.
- a visual display including a display installation and a computer is disclosed.
- the display installation may include a display panel having including a plurality of pixels each with a bit depth and an interface for receiving a video input and for driving the display panel.
- the computer is configured to determine a primary burn value for each of the pixels for a primary period of time, and to determine a secondary burn value for each of the pixels for a secondary period of time.
- the computer determines the secondary burn values such that when a pixel is driven at the secondary burn value thereof for the secondary period of time, an average value of the pixel for the primary and secondary periods of time is approximately equal to one-half of the bit depth of the pixel.
- a computer may control or operate a display panel by first determining a primary burn value for each of the pixels in the display panel during an active burn mode. The computer may then identify one of the pixels that has a low primary burn value, thereby indicating that the identified pixel has been burned at a greater degree than pixels having higher primary burn values. The computer may then determine a number of pixels that have primary burn values higher than the low primary burn value, thus indicating that these pixels have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel with the low burn value. The computer may then cause the interface to drive the display panel during a reverse burn mode such that the pixels having a primary burn value higher than the low primary burn value of the identified pixel are burned to reduce the respective differences between higher primary burn values and the low primary burn value.
- a computer may control a display panel by monitoring an image history of the pixels during an active burn mode and then identifying a pixel that has been burned at a greater degree than a number of other pixels. The computer may then determine a number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel. The display. panel may then be driven during a reverse burn mode such that the number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree are burned to reduce the burn difference between each of the number of pixels and the identified pixel.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a visual display
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates pixels of a display panel
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a display methodology
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a network of display installations
- FIG. 5 illustrates a screen layout of an interactive display panel according to a number of embodiments
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating methodology for monitoring image history and generating reverse burn values according to some of the embodiments
- FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrates reverse burn methodology according to still other embodiments of a display panel
- FIG. 8 illustrates a screen layout for an interactive display panel according to other embodiments
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a display installation according to a number of embodiments.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a display panel during redeployment of critical content according to some of the embodiments of a display panel.
- FIG. 11 illustrates methodology for operating a display panel according to a number of embodiments
- FIG. 12 illustrates methodology for operating a display panel according to other embodiments
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a visual network appliance of a display panel
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the visual network appliance
- FIG. 15 schematically illustrates an interactive digital ad board
- FIG. 16 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a multiple display panel architecture.
- the visual display 100 may. include a display installation 102 and a computer 104 .
- the display installation 102 may include a display panel 106 and an interface 108 in communication with the panel 106 .
- the display panel 106 which in some of the embodiments includes a plasma display panel, has a matrix or a plurality of pixels 110 as represented in FIG. 2 .
- the interface 108 receives a video input 112 (S 100 ) and responsively drives the display panel 106 (S 102 ) with a drive signal 114 .
- the computer 104 is configured to condition the display panel 106 in response to the video input 112 .
- This panel conditioning feature mitigates uneven burn-in of the pictures where the display panel 106 is not used in an ideal dynamic mode in which all of the pixels are burned at the same rate and intensity.
- the computer 104 may monitor an image history (S 104 ) of the pixels 110 .
- the primary period of time ⁇ T 1 may be defined as a period of time during which the interface 108 is driving the panel 106 to display a desired or a predetermined video input 112 , such as a sequence of advertising images or a sequence of images resulting from an interactive selection (which will be discussed in more detail below).
- the display installation 102 may be described as operating in an active burn mode during the primary period of time ⁇ T 1 , which is indicated by reference numeral 116 in FIG. 3 .
- each pixel (or picture element) 110 has a bit depth that equals 2 N where N is the number of bits (e.g., 8 or 10) and a specific set of spatial coordinates within the panel 106 that uniquely identifies the pixel.
- the image history may include data indicative of the color and the intensity of each pixel 110 during the active burn mode 116 of the panel 106 .
- the image history may include data indicative of the each set of color values driving each of the pixels 110 .
- the drive signal 114 may include a drive value for each pixel 110 , with the drive value including a value for each of the color values, e.g., 128-128-128 for gray, 255-0-0 for red, or 0-0-0 for white.
- the interface 108 may drive the display panel 106 such that each of the pixels 110 is driven at a plurality of drive values.
- the computer 104 may then store the image history in a database in the memory 120 (S 106 ). Based on the image history, the computer 104 may then determine a primary burn value B 1 (S 108 ). for each of the pixels 110 during the active burn mode 116 (i.e., during the primary period of time ⁇ T 1 ). In a number of embodiments, the primary burn value B 1 for a pixel 110 may be an average value of the pixel during the active burn mode 116 .
- the computer 104 may then determine a secondary burn value B 2 (S 110 ) for each of the pixels 110 .
- the secondary burn value B 1 is calculated to complement or even out the burn-in effects the primary burn value B 1 had on a respective pixel 110 .
- the computer 104 may then generate a conditioning input 122 (S 112 ) and provide the conditioning input 122 to the interface 108 .
- the interface 108 may then drive the panel display 106 for the secondary period of time ⁇ T 2 .
- the display installation 102 may be described as operating in a reverse burn mode during the secondary period of time ⁇ T 2 , which is indicated by reference numeral 124 in FIG. 3 .
- the interface 108 During the reverse burn mode 124 , the interface 108 generates the drive signal 114 responsive to the conditioning input 122 . After driving the display panel 106 during the reverse burn mode 124 (i.e., for the secondary period of time ⁇ T 2 ), the interface 108 may then return to the active burn mode 116 and receive another video input 112 (S 100 ). Also during the reverse burn mode 124 , the interface 108 drives the display panel 106 to counteract burn-in of pixels 110 during the active burn mode 116 so that each of the pixels 10 degrades or burns out at the same rate, thereby reducing or substantially eliminating ghosts in subsequent active burn modes 116 .
- each pixel 110 has a RGB color set with a bit depth of 256
- the primary burn value B 1 of a pixel 110 is 0-0-0 for a primary period of time ⁇ T 1 of 8 hours
- the secondary burn value B 2 of the pixel may be 255-255-255 for a secondary period of time ⁇ T 2 of 8 hours, such that the average value of the pixel for a full duty cycle ⁇ T 1 + ⁇ T 2 (i.e., during the active and reverse burn modes 116 and 124 ) is 128-128-128, wherein the primary and secondary periods of time are approximately equal.
- the secondary burn value B 2 of the pixel may be 234-234-234 for a secondary period of time ⁇ T 2 of 16 hours, such that the average value of the pixel for a full duty cycle ⁇ T 1 + ⁇ T 2 is still 128-128-128.
- the computer 104 may include software stored in memory 120 for use by the processor 118 to carry out the foregoing functionality of the visual display 100 .
- the computer 104 may be a single-board computer with a graphics card connected to the interface 108 .
- the computer 104 may determine a second set of secondary burn values B 2 (S 118 ). Based on this second set of secondary burn values, the computer 104 may generate a corresponding conditioning input (S 120 ) and provide this second conditioning input 122 to the interface 108 . Upon receipt (S 122 ), the interface 108 may drive the display panel 106 for a subsequent secondary period of time ⁇ T 2 (2), or a subsequent reverse burn mode 126 .
- the cumulative effect of the plurality of reverse burn modes 124 , 126 causes the pixels 110 to have a weight average value of one-half of the bit depth which, in an 8-bit embodiment, is 128-128-128.
- a visual display 100 may include a plurality of display installations 102 in communication with the computer 104 , for example, via a network 128 such as shown in FIG. 4 .
- the computer 104 may monitor the image history of each of the display panels 106 independently and responsively condition the panels 106 with respective conditioning inputs.
- the computer 104 may monitor the drive signal 114 from the interface 108 to the panel display 106 . For example, an instantaneous measurement of the drive signal 114 at a given time may be made, with the resulting data stored in the memory 120 . In addition, the drive signal 114 may be sampled at a predetermined frequency (e.g., once a second) with the resulting data stored in memory 120 .
- a predetermined frequency e.g., once a second
- the computer 104 may identify or determine one or more dynamic regions 130 of the display panel 106 and one or more static regions 132 of the panel 106 .
- the computer 104 may assume that the pixels 110 in the dynamic region 130 operate in a full dynamic range such that the burn-in rate for each of the pixels is approximately the same. Accordingly, the computer 104 may not condition the pixels 110 in the dynamic region 130 .
- the computer 104 may assume that the pixels 110 in the static region 132 operate at a single level during the active burn mode 124 , i.e., the primary burn values B 1 are generally constant.
- the computer 104 may implement a reverse burn mode 126 with complementary secondary burn values B 2 (e.g., 2 N ⁇ B 1 ) on a 50% duty cycle.
- the active burn mode 124 may be during regular business hours, while the reverse burn mode 126 may be during “off” hours or when the business is closed (e.g., at night) so as not to interrupt regular operations for panel conditioning.
- display panel 106 may include an interactive plasma display panel (PDP) in which the dynamic region 130 includes a media window 134 and the static region 132 includes a menu bar 136 .
- PDP plasma display panel
- the interface 108 provides a drive signal 114 that displays desired content (e.g., images, graphics, text, etc.) in the media window 134 .
- desired content e.g., images, graphics, text, etc.
- the media window 134 may displays a “film loop” to allow user navigation.
- the menu bar 136 may display text or icons in fixed or variable positions or messages to call attention to the user that on-demand interactive content is available. This interactive embodiment will be discussed in more detail below.
- the image-history monitoring process may continue.
- the data of the image-history database in the memory 120 may be used to determine which of the pixels 110 need to display which colors and for how long in order to effectively reverse or counteract the burn-in effect that has occurred during the active burn mode 124 .
- FIG. 6 One example of the monitoring process is illustrated in FIG. 6 .
- two databases 134 a and 134 b may be used, each with n elements, where n is the total number of pixels 110 on the display panel 106 .
- the first database 134 a may be is called an “Average-DB,” and the second database 134 b may be called a “Current-DB.”
- the interface 108 may include a display memory 136 in which a pixel matrix is stored.
- the pixel matrix includes the RGB values of each of the pixels 110 at any given time.
- the databases 134 may have a structure with n records each with three fields to respectively hold the red, green, and blue color values (e.g., which may be represented by an integer from 0 to 255 for 8-bit embodiments).
- each database 134 may be set to “empty,” i.e., all n values are set to 0, and a counter variable is set to 1 (S 130 ). Alternatively, the date and time may be recorded.
- the computer 104 may record the pixel matrix of the display memory 136 into the first database 134 a (S 132 ); accordingly, Average-DB is populated with the RGB values from the display memory 136 at that point in time.
- the computer 104 may record the display memory 136 and store this data in the second database 134 b (S 136 ), i.e., Current-DB, with the counter being incremented by 1 (or, alternatively, the current date and time being recorded) (S 138 ).
- S 136 second database 134 b
- Current-DB Current-DB
- Average-DB may be re-calculated (S 142 ).
- NAF ⁇ [OAF *( C ⁇ 1)]+ CF ⁇ /C
- a similar process may be used, except that the image being displayed responsive to the conditioning input 122 is now generated by the computer 104 with the intent to move each pixel 110 towards the one-half bit depth average (e.g., 128-128-128).
- One example of accomplishing this is to set all of the color values of the pixels 110 whose value in Current-DB is less than 2 N /2 to 2 N ⁇ 1 (e.g., 128 to 255), and to set all of the other color values of the pixels to 0 (S 150 ).
- the computer 104 may re-check the new Current-DB field for the pixel during each cycle prior to re-setting the field to 2 N ⁇ 1 (e.g., 255).
- the brightest pixels in the display panel 106 are systematically brought back to a median color image (e.g., 128-128-128) over the full duty cycle.
- the display panel 106 includes a plasma display panel (PDP)
- PDP plasma display panel
- different manufacturers utilize plasma crystals whose burn rate differs between red, green, and blue components.
- some manufacturer's electronics dynamically modify the light intensity of displayed pixels depending on the total light output being displayed.
- the computer 104 may accordingly modify or adjust the weighting of the reverse burn values B 2 or the conditioning input 122 to take into account these manufacturing variances.
- the display panel 106 may include a combination of critical and non-critical content (such as promotional and menu items in a digital menu board application) as illustrated in FIG. 10 .
- the computers can be configured to display critical content normally shown on other displays in the event of a hardware failure affecting one or more of the other displays.
- the computer 104 may control the operation of a plurality of the display panels 106 . Accordingly, the computer 104 may control critical content as well as non-critical promotional content. Further, the computer 104 may be configured to display all critical content on a single display panel 106 , or a number of display panels 106 that is less than the total number N of display installations 102 .
- the computer 104 may redeploy critical content onto the display panel 106 of a surviving display installation 102 .
- the computer 104 may utilize a standard interface mode and alternate interface mode(s) in conjunction with peer-to-peer polling mechanisms to trigger the redeployment event.
- the computer 104 controls and monitors each display installation 106 remotely through the network 128 , such as a wide area network (WAN). If there is a hardware failure during a period of no WAN connection, then the computer 104 may not be capable of automated recovery and redeployment of critical content. Accordingly, a peer-to-peer polling system may be implemented.
- WAN wide area network
- each of the display installations 102 may include a computer 150 , an interface 152 , and a display panel 154 as shown in FIG. 9 .
- Each computer. 150 in the array of installations 102 may then periodically try to establish contact with one or all of the other computers 150 .
- the computer 150 assumes that the installation 102 with which contact cannot be established has experienced a hardware failure. Accordingly, the computer 104 may then trigger an appropriate alternate layout and redeployment of critical content from the nonfunctional display installation 102 .
- the computer 104 may automatically change a display layout of one of the display panels of one of the functioning installations 102 to include the critical content of the nonfunctioning installation.
- the display layout of a functioning panel 106 includes noncritical content 160 and critical content 162 .
- the computer 104 may reduce or eliminate the noncritical content 160 and add critical content 164 from the nonfunctioning display.
- the display panel 106 may include an interactive display panel 140 , an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 8 .
- the interactive display panel 140 may include a menu bar 142 , a content window 144 , and a list structure 146 .
- the three-part partition of the display panel 140 including the menu bar 142 , the content window 144 , and the list structure 146 may be used in the Default Screen in a number of embodiments. Accordingly, throughout a decision tree sequence, the same three-partition format may be used to reduce confusion for the user and lead to simpler navigation.
- the content window 144 may display animated maps that visually maps out a path from the current location of the use to the selected location, thereby significantly enhancing the wayfinding functionality of the panel 140 .
- navigation may be further enhanced by introducing feedback/guidance mechanisms throughout navigation of the decision tree.
- the computer 104 may employ audio and/or visual indicators to reinforce the current location in the decision tree and guide the user on to the next step in the process.
- the computer 104 may utilize the content window 144 to display “next step” visual prompts (that is, “Visual Navigation Enhancement,” elements or VNE) in conjunction with relevant audio prompts to guide the user.
- VNE elements can be stored and called by the user interface depending on the type of information being displayed and where the user is located within the decision tree structure. For example, a generic “select a store from the list” audio prompt may be one such audio prompt that may coincide with a VNE element.
- the VNE element may include a computer animated figure that virtually guides the user on to the next step.
- the computer 104 may control or operate a display panel 106 by first determining a primary burn value B 1 for each of the pixels 110 for the active burn mode 116 (S 200 ). The computer 104 may then identify one of the pixels 110 that has a low primary burn value B 1 (S 202 ). A pixel 110 having a low primary burn value, e.g., 10-20-10 in an 8-bit embodiment, indicates that the pixel 110 has been burned at a greater degree than pixels having a higher primary burn value, e.g., 180-200-230.
- the computer 104 may then determine a number of pixels 110 that have primary burn values B 1 higher than the low primary burn value (S 204 ), thus indicating that these pixels have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel with the low burn value.
- the computer 104 may then cause the interface 108 to drive the display panel 106 during a reverse burn mode (S 206 ) such that the pixels having a primary burn value B 1 higher than the low primary burn value of the identified pixel are burned to reduce the respective differences between higher primary burn values and the low primary burn value.
- the low primary burn value B 1 of the identified pixel may be the lowest value of the primary burn values B 1 determined by the computer 104 , such that the identified pixel has been burned at the greatest degree out of any of the pixels 110 of the display panel 106 during the active burn mode 116 .
- the term “burn” indicates to activate, operate, or drive a pixel with a drive value or a plurality of drive values for a period of time.
- the drive value may include a plurality of color values (e.g., RGB).
- each of the pixels 110 has a difference between the primary burn value B 1 thereof and the low primary burn value B 1 of the identified pixel 110 .
- the computer 104 may then cause the interface to drive the display panel 106 during the reverse burn mode 124 such that each of the pixels 110 is burned to reduce the difference between the primary burn value thereof and the low primary burn value of the identified pixel.
- the computer 104 may control the display panel 106 by monitoring an image history of the pixels 110 during the active burn mode 116 and then identifying a pixel 110 that has been burned at a greater degree than a number of other pixels (S 210 ). The computer 104 may then determine a number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel (S 212 ). The computer 104 may then causing the display panel 106 to be driven during the reverse burn mode 124 such that the number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree are burned to reduce the burn difference between each of the number of pixels and the identified pixel (S 214 ). The burn difference may be defined as the difference in magnitude of the primary burn values between the identified pixel and the other pixels 110 of the panel 106 .
- a burn-in recovery system of the display system includes the computer 104 and an image monitoring software program stored in the memory 120 .
- the software program maintains ongoing image history and uses the image history to generate new images for presentation on the display panel 106 which reverse the burn-in process.
- the computer 104 may generate reverse burn images programmatically so that the reverse burn image is continuously modified based on the current ongoing image history.
- a zero-burn user interface 170 ( FIG. 5 ) and 172 ( FIG. 8 ) for a display panel 106 and 140 is illustrated, such as a plasma display panel.
- the display panels 106 and 140 are susceptible to burn-in of static and pseudo-static images.
- user interfaces 170 include a static or pseudo-static area 132
- user interface 172 includes a static or pseudo-static area 142 .
- the user interface 170 , 172 utilizes dynamic color sets having a weighted average of 128-128-128 in static areas 132 , 142 .
- the weighted average may be based on duty cycle, variations in color burn rates, modifications of color or intensity by display electronics prior to rendering on the display, or any combination thereof.
- the interactive user interface 170 may include Default Screen that includes only the media window 134 and the menu bar 136 .
- the media window 134 may make up at least 75% of the surface area of the display panel 106 .
- the display panel 106 may be used as a public information system, for example, in a commercial building.
- the interactive user interface 172 may include a Content Screen that includes only the menu bar 142 , the content window 144 , and the list structure 146 .
- the content window 144 may make up at least 75% of the surface area of the display panel 140 .
- These embodiments of the invention may be implemented as a public information system, for example, in a commercial building.
- the Content Screen of the interactive user interface 172 may be used to display animated wayfinding maps.
- the interactive user interface 172 may utilize the Content Screen to display visual navigation enhancement (VNE) during decision tree navigation.
- VNE visual navigation enhancement
- the visual navigation enhancement may be accomplished via a 3D virtual guide 174 .
- the user interface 172 may include a speaker 176 so that may the virtual guide 174 may include audio coupled to animated speech.
- the 3D virtual guide may speak in multiple languages.
- the speech may be generated by text-to-speech software. These embodiments may also be implemented as public information systems.
- the computer 104 may be configured to perform fault-tolerant control of the display panel 106 of a plurality of display installations 102 .
- a fault-tolerant multiple-display architecture automatically redeploys critical content onto adjacent surviving display panels 106 using peer-to-peer polling to trigger the conversion or redeployment.
- the visual display 100 may be implemented as a Digital Menu Board, for example, in a restaurant.
- a visual network appliance 180 for use in digital menu board applications may include a thin, self-contained display unit 182 including a housing 184 characterized by a length, a width, and a depth.
- the visual network appliance 180 may include a large-format video display screen 186 and a single board computer 188 including a large-capacity mass data storage unit 190 .
- the single board computer 188 is contained within the housing 184 .
- the appliance 180 may also include a network communications interface 192 .
- a display image may be transferred from the storage 190 of the single board computer 188 directly to the screen 186 in digital format without first being converted to an analog signal.
- a large-format interactive digital ad board 200 may be used in the display panel and includes a large-format video display screen 202 and a touch panel 204 dimensioned to fit over the video display screen.
- a user interface 206 includes a Default Screen that includes predominantly a media window 208 . Accordingly, on-demand information may be made available on the display screen 202 upon request of a user by a user accessing the ad board 200 through the touch panel 204 .
- the display panel is not limited to that precisely as shown and described in the present application.
Abstract
Methods and apparatus for mitigating or substantially eliminating pixel burn-in on phosphor-based display panels. A visual display includes a display installation and a computer. The display installation may include a display panel having including a plurality of pixels each with a bit depth and an interface for receiving a video input and for driving the display panel. The computer is configured to determine a primary burn value for each of the pixels for a primary period of time, and to determine a secondary burn value for each of the pixels for a secondary period of time. The computer determines the secondary burn values such that when a pixel is driven at the secondary burn value thereof for the secondary period of time, an average value of the pixel for the primary and secondary periods of time is approximately equal to one-half of the bit depth of the pixel.
Description
- The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) on U.S. Provisional Application for Patent Ser. No. 60/410,539 filed Sep. 12, 2002. In addition, the present application is a continuation-in-part application of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/943,585 filed Aug. 30, 2001, and on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/004,281 filed Oct. 31, 2001. Each of these three prior applications is incorporated herein by reference.
- Recent years have seen considerable advances in the dynamic information presentation marketplace, particularly with regard to the use of plasma display technology. Conventionally, the dynamic advertising market uses networked plasma-based display systems because of its excellent optical characteristics, thin profile and wide viewing angle. Since the original commercial introduction of 42-inch plasma display products, use of this technology as a “Digital Ad Board” has become fairly commonplace. In a Digital Ad Board application the entire screen is typically used to display an “ad loop,” or a series of full-screen advertisements that cycle on a regular basis.
- One peculiarity of plasma display technology is its tendency to “burn in” if a static image is displayed in the same location over a continued period of time. This burn-in is a physical property of plasma display technology and is not likely to be eliminated through core technology advancements. The burn-in is caused by a natural degradation of the amount of light output the phosphor chemicals emit as they continue to be “excited” over time, and translates to a “ghost image” when the same image is displayed in the same location for a prolonged period. When a static image like this is displayed, pixels that were “on 100%” (displaying white) would be degrading at the maximum rate while pixels that were “turned off” (displaying black) would not be degrading at all. Over time, after these two groups of pixels were displaying the same color, a noticeable variation in light output for the two groups occurs and the ghost image becomes recognizable.
- For Digital Ad Board applications, this characteristic is not too problematic as long as the ad segments that comprise the ad loop represent sufficient variation over the cycle so as to approach a fully dynamic (random) presentation at each pixel of the display. In practice, this would translate to setting a maximum duty cycle of 1% or so for any given image (depending on the native characteristics of the particular plasma display used, the color gradation of the images, the frequency of changes of the ad loop itself, and whether any image spiraling techniques were used to reduce the native burn rate). The net result of a fully dynamic ad loop is that all pixels of the display would degrade roughly the same amount over time, and no ghost effect would be noticed.
- For digital signage applications other than Digital Ad Boards (“General Purpose Digital Signage”), the impact of burn-in is far more pronounced. In these applications, at least some portion of the display is not presenting a series of images or video; rather, it would generally include some fixed or pseudo-fixed images that would be present over an extended period of time. For example, as a Flight Information Display in an airport or as a Digital Menu Board in a quick service restaurant, there are generally fixed text fields and frequently fixed text that would be displayed; generating random location patterns is simply not practical in most cases. For these applications, the effect of burn-in becomes dramatic and, in many cases, would prevent the use of plasma technology. Furthermore, eliminating plasma display technology from consideration limits the use of digital displays at all in many of these applications since there are currently no other practical alternatives.
- In order to reduce the rate of burn, some plasma manufacturers have incorporated electronics that periodically shifts the image around in a spiral or other pattern, usually within a 5 pixel radius. Although this technique reduces the rate of burn-in, it does not eliminate it; additionally, it introduces a noticeable and distracting movement of the screen image which is particularly noticeable when the user is reading text at the time of the movement.
- Furthermore, Digital Menu Board applications generally have zero tolerance to down time; if the menu is not visible the patrons cannot effectively place orders and the entire operation can be sidetracked. Given the typical layout of traditional menu boards that include menu lists (critical) and promotional images (non-critical) content, it is possible to construct a system for multiple display installations that can automatically recover from a single-unit hardware failure by redeploying critical information to the remaining display(s). By doing so, this fault-tolerant design addresses the most critical issue currently stifling the conversion to a digital paradigm: what if the hardware fails?
- Wayfinding is one specific digital signage application that utilizes interactive plasma (or other large-screen) display technology to deliver facility directory and other relevant information services. As described in the related U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002/0078459 and 2002/0165781, the user interface architecture must be conducive to intuitive operation and must blend the generally divergent influences of information and advertising components (when a hybrid advertising/public information model is being used). The marketplace has demonstrated unequivocally that user acceptance of interactive public information systems is paramount to their commercial success, and to date few products of this kind have succeeded even though many have been tried.
- Because of the fact that wayfinding users are in a transient mode within a public space, small delays that might be acceptable in a desktop interface may cause the user to disengage in a wayfinding environment. In order to achieve intuitive operation, the interface design must be focused and elements must be carefully chosen so that new users to the system are able to navigate to the desired information quickly and with minimal effort. In order to achieve the desired result, one must focus on three main areas of the interface design:
-
- “Default Screen” architecture. This is the interface displayed while the system is not in use.
- “Content Presentation” architecture. This is the interface displayed after the system is engaged by the user.
- “Navigation Feedback Mechanisms.” These are visual and audio elements incorporated into the navigation sequence to assist the user in quickly understanding what information is being presented and what additional information is available.
- In view of the foregoing, there remains a need in the art for enhanced display panels and associated apparatus and methodology for driving such display panels.
- A visual display including a display installation and a computer is disclosed. The display installation may include a display panel having including a plurality of pixels each with a bit depth and an interface for receiving a video input and for driving the display panel. The computer is configured to determine a primary burn value for each of the pixels for a primary period of time, and to determine a secondary burn value for each of the pixels for a secondary period of time. The computer determines the secondary burn values such that when a pixel is driven at the secondary burn value thereof for the secondary period of time, an average value of the pixel for the primary and secondary periods of time is approximately equal to one-half of the bit depth of the pixel.
- In an embodiment, a computer may control or operate a display panel by first determining a primary burn value for each of the pixels in the display panel during an active burn mode. The computer may then identify one of the pixels that has a low primary burn value, thereby indicating that the identified pixel has been burned at a greater degree than pixels having higher primary burn values. The computer may then determine a number of pixels that have primary burn values higher than the low primary burn value, thus indicating that these pixels have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel with the low burn value. The computer may then cause the interface to drive the display panel during a reverse burn mode such that the pixels having a primary burn value higher than the low primary burn value of the identified pixel are burned to reduce the respective differences between higher primary burn values and the low primary burn value.
- In yet another embodiment, a computer may control a display panel by monitoring an image history of the pixels during an active burn mode and then identifying a pixel that has been burned at a greater degree than a number of other pixels. The computer may then determine a number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel. The display. panel may then be driven during a reverse burn mode such that the number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree are burned to reduce the burn difference between each of the number of pixels and the identified pixel.
- Other features and advantages of the display panels disclosed herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- These and other features, aspects and advantages to a visual display panel will be more fully understood when considered with respect to the following specification, appended claims and accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a visual display; -
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates pixels of a display panel; -
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a display methodology; -
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a network of display installations; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a screen layout of an interactive display panel according to a number of embodiments; -
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating methodology for monitoring image history and generating reverse burn values according to some of the embodiments; -
FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrates reverse burn methodology according to still other embodiments of a display panel; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a screen layout for an interactive display panel according to other embodiments; -
FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a display installation according to a number of embodiments; -
FIG. 10 illustrates a display panel during redeployment of critical content according to some of the embodiments of a display panel;. -
FIG. 11 illustrates methodology for operating a display panel according to a number of embodiments; -
FIG. 12 illustrates methodology for operating a display panel according to other embodiments; -
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a visual network appliance of a display panel; -
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the visual network appliance; -
FIG. 15 schematically illustrates an interactive digital ad board; and -
FIG. 16 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a multiple display panel architecture. - Referring to the drawings in more detail, an embodiment of a
visual display 100 is illustrated inFIG. 1 . According to a number of embodiments, thevisual display 100 may. include adisplay installation 102 and acomputer 104. Thedisplay installation 102 may include adisplay panel 106 and aninterface 108 in communication with thepanel 106. Thedisplay panel 106, which in some of the embodiments includes a plasma display panel, has a matrix or a plurality ofpixels 110 as represented inFIG. 2 . With additional reference toFIG. 3 , theinterface 108 receives a video input 112 (S100) and responsively drives the display panel 106 (S102) with adrive signal 114. - According to a number of embodiments, the
computer 104 is configured to condition thedisplay panel 106 in response to thevideo input 112. This panel conditioning feature mitigates uneven burn-in of the pictures where thedisplay panel 106 is not used in an ideal dynamic mode in which all of the pixels are burned at the same rate and intensity. For example and with additional reference toFIG. 3 , in some of the embodiments, during a primary period of time ΔT1, thecomputer 104 may monitor an image history (S104) of thepixels 110. - For the purposes of this description, the primary period of time ΔT1 may be defined as a period of time during which the
interface 108 is driving thepanel 106 to display a desired or apredetermined video input 112, such as a sequence of advertising images or a sequence of images resulting from an interactive selection (which will be discussed in more detail below). Also for the purposes of this description, thedisplay installation 102 may be described as operating in an active burn mode during the primary period of time ΔT1, which is indicated byreference numeral 116 inFIG. 3 . In addition, each pixel (or picture element) 110 has a bit depth that equals 2N where N is the number of bits (e.g., 8 or 10) and a specific set of spatial coordinates within thepanel 106 that uniquely identifies the pixel. - Further, for the purposes of this description, the image history may include data indicative of the color and the intensity of each
pixel 110 during theactive burn mode 116 of thepanel 106. For example, in embodiments in which each of thepixels 110 includes a color set having a plurality of color values each with a bit depth, e.g., red-green-blue (RGB) color values each ranging from 0 to 255, the image history may include data indicative of the each set of color values driving each of thepixels 110. More specifically, thedrive signal 114 may include a drive value for eachpixel 110, with the drive value including a value for each of the color values, e.g., 128-128-128 for gray, 255-0-0 for red, or 0-0-0 for white. During theactive burn mode 116, theinterface 108 may drive thedisplay panel 106 such that each of thepixels 110 is driven at a plurality of drive values. - The
computer 104, which may include aprocessor 118 and amemory 120, may then store the image history in a database in the memory 120 (S106). Based on the image history, thecomputer 104 may then determine a primary burn value B1 (S108). for each of thepixels 110 during the active burn mode 116 (i.e., during the primary period of time ΔT1). In a number of embodiments, the primary burn value B1 for apixel 110 may be an average value of the pixel during theactive burn mode 116. - The
computer 104 may then determine a secondary burn value B2 (S110) for each of thepixels 110. The secondary burn value B1 is calculated to complement or even out the burn-in effects the primary burn value B1 had on arespective pixel 110. For example, in a number of embodiments, the second burn value B2 is determined such that when apixel 110 is driven at the secondary burn value B2 for a secondary period of time ΔT2, an average value of the pixel for the primary period of time ΔT1 (i.e., the active burn mode 116) and secondary period of time ΔT2 is approximately equal to one-half of the bit depth of the pixel, that is:
(B 1 +B 2)÷2=2N÷2, or
B 1 +B 2=2N, - where:
-
- B1 is the primary burn value of a pixel;
- B2 is the secondary burn value of the pixel; and
- 2N is the bit depth of the pixel.
Accordingly, in some of the embodiments, thecomputer 104 may calculate the secondary burn value B2 of each pixel to be the difference of the bit depth and the primary burn value, namely:
B 2=2N −B 1.
- Based on the secondary burn values B2 of the
pixels 110, thecomputer 104 may then generate a conditioning input 122 (S112) and provide theconditioning input 122 to theinterface 108. Upon receiving the conditioning input 122 (S114), theinterface 108 may then drive thepanel display 106 for the secondary period of time ΔT2. For the purposes of this description, thedisplay installation 102 may be described as operating in a reverse burn mode during the secondary period of time ΔT2, which is indicated byreference numeral 124 inFIG. 3 . - During the
reverse burn mode 124, theinterface 108 generates thedrive signal 114 responsive to theconditioning input 122. After driving thedisplay panel 106 during the reverse burn mode 124 (i.e., for the secondary period of time ΔT2), theinterface 108 may then return to theactive burn mode 116 and receive another video input 112 (S100). Also during thereverse burn mode 124, theinterface 108 drives thedisplay panel 106 to counteract burn-in ofpixels 110 during theactive burn mode 116 so that each of the pixels 10 degrades or burns out at the same rate, thereby reducing or substantially eliminating ghosts in subsequentactive burn modes 116. - For example, in embodiments where each
pixel 110 has a RGB color set with a bit depth of 256, if the primary burn value B1 of apixel 110 is 0-0-0 for a primary period of time ΔT1 of 8 hours, then the secondary burn value B2 of the pixel may be 255-255-255 for a secondary period of time ΔT2 of 8 hours, such that the average value of the pixel for a full duty cycle ΔT1+ΔT2 (i.e., during the active andreverse burn modes 116 and 124) is 128-128-128, wherein the primary and secondary periods of time are approximately equal. Alternatively, if the primary burn value B1 of apixel 110 is 0-0-0 for a primary period of time ΔT1 of 8 hours, then the secondary burn value B2 of the pixel may be 234-234-234 for a secondary period of time ΔT2 of 16 hours, such that the average value of the pixel for a full duty cycle ΔT1+ΔT2 is still 128-128-128. - In a number of embodiments, the
computer 104 may include software stored inmemory 120 for use by theprocessor 118 to carry out the foregoing functionality of thevisual display 100. In other embodiments, thecomputer 104 may be a single-board computer with a graphics card connected to theinterface 108. - In still other embodiments, the
computer 104 may determine a plurality of secondary burn values B2(1), B2(2), B2(3), . . . , B2(n) for each of thepixels 110 such that when a pixel is driven at the secondary burn values B2 for a corresponding plurality of secondary periods of time ΔT2(1), ΔT2(2), ΔT2(3), . . . , ΔT2(n), an average value of the pixel for the primary and secondary periods of time ΔT1+{ΣΔT2(i) [where i=1 to n]} is approximately equal to one-half of the bit depth. For example, as shown inFIG. 3 , thecomputer 104 may determine a second set of secondary burn values B2 (S118). Based on this second set of secondary burn values, thecomputer 104 may generate a corresponding conditioning input (S120) and provide thissecond conditioning input 122 to theinterface 108. Upon receipt (S122), theinterface 108 may drive thedisplay panel 106 for a subsequent secondary period of time ΔT2(2), or a subsequentreverse burn mode 126. - The cumulative effect of the plurality of
reverse burn modes pixels 110 to have a weight average value of one-half of the bit depth which, in an 8-bit embodiment, is 128-128-128. For example, for a RGB display panel, theinterface 108 may drive thepanel 106 at a duty cycle of 50% (100-200-150)+25% (152-100-100)+25% (160-12-112), where X%=the duty cycle. - According to a number of embodiments, a
visual display 100 may include a plurality ofdisplay installations 102 in communication with thecomputer 104, for example, via anetwork 128 such as shown inFIG. 4 . In this embodiment, thecomputer 104 may monitor the image history of each of thedisplay panels 106 independently and responsively condition thepanels 106 with respective conditioning inputs. - Regarding the monitoring of the image history (S104), the
computer 104 may monitor thedrive signal 114 from theinterface 108 to thepanel display 106. For example, an instantaneous measurement of thedrive signal 114 at a given time may be made, with the resulting data stored in thememory 120. In addition, thedrive signal 114 may be sampled at a predetermined frequency (e.g., once a second) with the resulting data stored inmemory 120. - With reference to
FIG. 5 , in still other embodiments, thecomputer 104 may identify or determine one or moredynamic regions 130 of thedisplay panel 106 and one or morestatic regions 132 of thepanel 106. In this embodiment, thecomputer 104 may assume that thepixels 110 in thedynamic region 130 operate in a full dynamic range such that the burn-in rate for each of the pixels is approximately the same. Accordingly, thecomputer 104 may not condition thepixels 110 in thedynamic region 130. On the other hand, thecomputer 104 may assume that thepixels 110 in thestatic region 132 operate at a single level during theactive burn mode 124, i.e., the primary burn values B1 are generally constant. Accordingly, thecomputer 104 may implement areverse burn mode 126 with complementary secondary burn values B2 (e.g., 2N−B1) on a 50% duty cycle. In other embodiments in which thedisplay installation 102 is a public interactive display, theactive burn mode 124 may be during regular business hours, while thereverse burn mode 126 may be during “off” hours or when the business is closed (e.g., at night) so as not to interrupt regular operations for panel conditioning. - With continued reference to
FIG. 5 ,display panel 106 may include an interactive plasma display panel (PDP) in which thedynamic region 130 includes amedia window 134 and thestatic region 132 includes amenu bar 136. Accordingly, upon user selection at themenu bar 136, theinterface 108 provides adrive signal 114 that displays desired content (e.g., images, graphics, text, etc.) in themedia window 134. In some of the embodiments, themedia window 134 may displays a “film loop” to allow user navigation. Additionally, themenu bar 136 may display text or icons in fixed or variable positions or messages to call attention to the user that on-demand interactive content is available. This interactive embodiment will be discussed in more detail below. - When the
display installation 102 is in normal use during theactive burn mode 124, the image-history monitoring process may continue. When thedisplay installation 102 is in thereverse burn mode 126, the data of the image-history database in thememory 120 may be used to determine which of thepixels 110 need to display which colors and for how long in order to effectively reverse or counteract the burn-in effect that has occurred during theactive burn mode 124. - One example of the monitoring process is illustrated in
FIG. 6 . According to this embodiment, twodatabases FIG. 1 ) may be used, each with n elements, where n is the total number ofpixels 110 on thedisplay panel 106. Thefirst database 134 a may be is called an “Average-DB,” and thesecond database 134 b may be called a “Current-DB.” In addition, theinterface 108 may include adisplay memory 136 in which a pixel matrix is stored. The pixel matrix includes the RGB values of each of thepixels 110 at any given time. Accordingly, thedatabases 134 may have a structure with n records each with three fields to respectively hold the red, green, and blue color values (e.g., which may be represented by an integer from 0 to 255 for 8-bit embodiments). - Prior to the start of the monitoring process, each
database 134 may be set to “empty,” i.e., all n values are set to 0, and a counter variable is set to 1 (S130). Alternatively, the date and time may be recorded. At the start of the monitoring process, thecomputer 104 may record the pixel matrix of thedisplay memory 136 into thefirst database 134 a (S132); accordingly, Average-DB is populated with the RGB values from thedisplay memory 136 at that point in time. After a predetermined amount of time, e.g., one second (S134), thecomputer 104 may record thedisplay memory 136 and store this data in thesecond database 134 b (S136), i.e., Current-DB, with the counter being incremented by 1 (or, alternatively, the current date and time being recorded) (S138). - During the next cycle period, for example, one second (S140), the contents of Average-DB may be re-calculated (S142). For example, for each color field of each record in Average-DB, the corresponding field in Current-DB and the counter may be used to modify each field in Average-DB according to the formula:
NAF={[OAF*(C−1)]+CF}/C, - where:
-
- NAF is the New value of Average-DB Field;
- OAF is the Old value of Average-DB Field;
- CF is the Value of Current-DB Field; and
- C is the Counter value.
Accordingly, this procedure generates an ongoing weighted average for each of the three color components for eachpixel 110 of thedisplay panel 106 until an end monitoring signal is received (S144).
- As shown in
FIGS. 7A and 7B , when thevisual display 100 initiates areverse burn mode 126, a similar process may be used, except that the image being displayed responsive to theconditioning input 122 is now generated by thecomputer 104 with the intent to move eachpixel 110 towards the one-half bit depth average (e.g., 128-128-128). One example of accomplishing this is to set all of the color values of thepixels 110 whose value in Current-DB is less than 2N/2 to 2N−1 (e.g., 128 to 255), and to set all of the other color values of the pixels to 0 (S150). To ensure that apixel 110 is not burned past 2N/2 (e.g., 128), thecomputer 104 may re-check the new Current-DB field for the pixel during each cycle prior to re-setting the field to 2N−1 (e.g., 255). According to this methodology, the brightest pixels in thedisplay panel 106 are systematically brought back to a median color image (e.g., 128-128-128) over the full duty cycle. - It is possible that after running the reverse burn process for a period of time, all of the fields of Average-DB are not less than 128, at which point the
reverse burn mode 126 may stop. However, some of the field values may now be significantly higher than 128 (indicating a dark spot on the display panel 106). These higher values may then be continued in thereverse burn mode 126. Applying 255 to all of the fields that are now at 128 may gradually increase so that entire set towards the peak value. In this case, care would need to be exercised to ensure that theentire display panel 106 is not unnecessarily run in the reverse burn mode 126 (hence shortening the life expectancy thereof) to bring all fields in sync with a small group of pixels. - In embodiments in which the
display panel 106 includes a plasma display panel (PDP), different manufacturers utilize plasma crystals whose burn rate differs between red, green, and blue components. Additionally, some manufacturer's electronics dynamically modify the light intensity of displayed pixels depending on the total light output being displayed. In both cases, thecomputer 104 may accordingly modify or adjust the weighting of the reverse burn values B2 or theconditioning input 122 to take into account these manufacturing variances. - According to a number of embodiments, the
display panel 106 may include a combination of critical and non-critical content (such as promotional and menu items in a digital menu board application) as illustrated inFIG. 10 . In multiple display panel configurations as illustrated inFIG. 16 , wherein eachdisplay panel 106 may contain critical and non-critical content, the computers can be configured to display critical content normally shown on other displays in the event of a hardware failure affecting one or more of the other displays. In networked embodiments as shown inFIG. 4 , thecomputer 104 may control the operation of a plurality of thedisplay panels 106. Accordingly, thecomputer 104 may control critical content as well as non-critical promotional content. Further, thecomputer 104 may be configured to display all critical content on asingle display panel 106, or a number ofdisplay panels 106 that is less than the total number N ofdisplay installations 102. - In addition, in the event of a hardware failure of one of the display installations (1, 2, . . . , N) 102, the
computer 104 may redeploy critical content onto thedisplay panel 106 of a survivingdisplay installation 102. Thecomputer 104 may utilize a standard interface mode and alternate interface mode(s) in conjunction with peer-to-peer polling mechanisms to trigger the redeployment event. - With continued reference to
FIGS. 1 and 4 , to identify the failure of one ormore display panels 106, according to some of the embodiments, thecomputer 104 controls and monitors eachdisplay installation 106 remotely through thenetwork 128, such as a wide area network (WAN). If there is a hardware failure during a period of no WAN connection, then thecomputer 104 may not be capable of automated recovery and redeployment of critical content. Accordingly, a peer-to-peer polling system may be implemented. - In this embodiment, each of the
display installations 102 may include acomputer 150, aninterface 152, and adisplay panel 154 as shown inFIG. 9 . Each computer. 150 in the array ofinstallations 102 may then periodically try to establish contact with one or all of theother computers 150. In the event that contact cannot be established, then thecomputer 150 assumes that theinstallation 102 with which contact cannot be established has experienced a hardware failure. Accordingly, thecomputer 104 may then trigger an appropriate alternate layout and redeployment of critical content from thenonfunctional display installation 102. - In other embodiments, the
computer 104 may automatically change a display layout of one of the display panels of one of the functioninginstallations 102 to include the critical content of the nonfunctioning installation. For example, with reference toFIGS. 4 and 10 , the display layout of a functioningpanel 106 includesnoncritical content 160 andcritical content 162. When critical content from a nonfunctioning panel is redeployed to the functioningpanel 106, then thecomputer 104 may reduce or eliminate thenoncritical content 160 and addcritical content 164 from the nonfunctioning display. - As mentioned above, according to a number of embodiments, the
display panel 106 may include aninteractive display panel 140, an example of which is illustrated inFIG. 8 . Theinteractive display panel 140 may include amenu bar 142, acontent window 144, and alist structure 146. With further reference toFIG. 8 , the three-part partition of thedisplay panel 140 including themenu bar 142, thecontent window 144, and thelist structure 146 may be used in the Default Screen in a number of embodiments. Accordingly, throughout a decision tree sequence, the same three-partition format may be used to reduce confusion for the user and lead to simpler navigation. In wayfinding applications, thecontent window 144 may display animated maps that visually maps out a path from the current location of the use to the selected location, thereby significantly enhancing the wayfinding functionality of thepanel 140. - According to still other embodiments, navigation may be further enhanced by introducing feedback/guidance mechanisms throughout navigation of the decision tree. For example, the
computer 104 may employ audio and/or visual indicators to reinforce the current location in the decision tree and guide the user on to the next step in the process. In addition, thecomputer 104 may utilize thecontent window 144 to display “next step” visual prompts (that is, “Visual Navigation Enhancement,” elements or VNE) in conjunction with relevant audio prompts to guide the user. Categories of VNE elements can be stored and called by the user interface depending on the type of information being displayed and where the user is located within the decision tree structure. For example, a generic “select a store from the list” audio prompt may be one such audio prompt that may coincide with a VNE element. In further embodiments, the VNE element may include a computer animated figure that virtually guides the user on to the next step. - With reference to
FIG. 11 , in other embodiments, thecomputer 104 may control or operate adisplay panel 106 by first determining a primary burn value B1 for each of thepixels 110 for the active burn mode 116 (S200). Thecomputer 104 may then identify one of thepixels 110 that has a low primary burn value B1 (S202). Apixel 110 having a low primary burn value, e.g., 10-20-10 in an 8-bit embodiment, indicates that thepixel 110 has been burned at a greater degree than pixels having a higher primary burn value, e.g., 180-200-230. Thecomputer 104 may then determine a number ofpixels 110 that have primary burn values B1 higher than the low primary burn value (S204), thus indicating that these pixels have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel with the low burn value. Thecomputer 104 may then cause theinterface 108 to drive thedisplay panel 106 during a reverse burn mode (S206) such that the pixels having a primary burn value B1 higher than the low primary burn value of the identified pixel are burned to reduce the respective differences between higher primary burn values and the low primary burn value. - According to a number of embodiments, the low primary burn value B1 of the identified pixel may be the lowest value of the primary burn values B1 determined by the
computer 104, such that the identified pixel has been burned at the greatest degree out of any of thepixels 110 of thedisplay panel 106 during theactive burn mode 116. For the purposes of this description, the term “burn” indicates to activate, operate, or drive a pixel with a drive value or a plurality of drive values for a period of time. In color applications, the drive value may include a plurality of color values (e.g., RGB). - In addition, each of the
pixels 110 has a difference between the primary burn value B1 thereof and the low primary burn value B1 of the identifiedpixel 110. Thecomputer 104 may then cause the interface to drive thedisplay panel 106 during thereverse burn mode 124 such that each of thepixels 110 is burned to reduce the difference between the primary burn value thereof and the low primary burn value of the identified pixel. - Referring to
FIG. 12 , in still other embodiments thecomputer 104 may control thedisplay panel 106 by monitoring an image history of thepixels 110 during theactive burn mode 116 and then identifying apixel 110 that has been burned at a greater degree than a number of other pixels (S210). Thecomputer 104 may then determine a number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel (S212). Thecomputer 104 may then causing thedisplay panel 106 to be driven during thereverse burn mode 124 such that the number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree are burned to reduce the burn difference between each of the number of pixels and the identified pixel (S214). The burn difference may be defined as the difference in magnitude of the primary burn values between the identified pixel and theother pixels 110 of thepanel 106. - With further reference to
FIG. 1 , according to a number of embodiments, a burn-in recovery system of the display system includes thecomputer 104 and an image monitoring software program stored in thememory 120. The software program maintains ongoing image history and uses the image history to generate new images for presentation on thedisplay panel 106 which reverse the burn-in process. Thecomputer 104 may generate reverse burn images programmatically so that the reverse burn image is continuously modified based on the current ongoing image history. - With further reference to
FIGS. 5 and 8 , according to a number of embodiments, a zero-burn user interface 170 (FIG. 5 ) and 172 (FIG. 8 ) for adisplay panel display panels user interfaces 170 include a static orpseudo-static area 132, anduser interface 172 includes a static orpseudo-static area 142. Theuser interface static areas - With particular reference to
FIG. 5 , according to other embodiments, theinteractive user interface 170 may include Default Screen that includes only themedia window 134 and themenu bar 136. In some of the embodiments, themedia window 134 may make up at least 75% of the surface area of thedisplay panel 106. In these embodiments, thedisplay panel 106 may be used as a public information system, for example, in a commercial building. - With particular reference to
FIG. 8 , theinteractive user interface 172 may include a Content Screen that includes only themenu bar 142, thecontent window 144, and thelist structure 146. In some of these embodiments, thecontent window 144 may make up at least 75% of the surface area of thedisplay panel 140. These embodiments of the invention may be implemented as a public information system, for example, in a commercial building. In other embodiments, the Content Screen of theinteractive user interface 172 may be used to display animated wayfinding maps. - As mentioned above, the
interactive user interface 172 may utilize the Content Screen to display visual navigation enhancement (VNE) during decision tree navigation. For example, the visual navigation enhancement may be accomplished via a 3Dvirtual guide 174. Theuser interface 172 may include aspeaker 176 so that may thevirtual guide 174 may include audio coupled to animated speech. In addition, the 3D virtual guide may speak in multiple languages. In these embodiments, the speech may be generated by text-to-speech software. These embodiments may also be implemented as public information systems. - Referencing
FIGS. 1 and 4 , thecomputer 104 may be configured to perform fault-tolerant control of thedisplay panel 106 of a plurality ofdisplay installations 102. As mentioned above, a fault-tolerant multiple-display architecture automatically redeploys critical content onto adjacent survivingdisplay panels 106 using peer-to-peer polling to trigger the conversion or redeployment. In these embodiments, thevisual display 100 may be implemented as a Digital Menu Board, for example, in a restaurant. - With reference to
FIGS. 13 and 14 , avisual network appliance 180 for use in digital menu board applications may include a thin, self-containeddisplay unit 182 including ahousing 184 characterized by a length, a width, and a depth. Thevisual network appliance 180 may include a large-formatvideo display screen 186 and asingle board computer 188 including a large-capacity massdata storage unit 190. In a number of embodiments, thesingle board computer 188 is contained within thehousing 184. Theappliance 180 may also include anetwork communications interface 192. According to some of the embodiments, a display image may be transferred from thestorage 190 of thesingle board computer 188 directly to thescreen 186 in digital format without first being converted to an analog signal. - Referencing
FIG. 15 , in another embodiment a large-format interactivedigital ad board 200 may be used in the display panel and includes a large-formatvideo display screen 202 and atouch panel 204 dimensioned to fit over the video display screen. In addition, auser interface 206 includes a Default Screen that includes predominantly amedia window 208. Accordingly, on-demand information may be made available on thedisplay screen 202 upon request of a user by a user accessing thead board 200 through thetouch panel 204. - Those skilled in the art will understand that the preceding embodiments of the display panel provide the foundation for numerous alternatives and modifications thereto. These other modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the display panel is not limited to that precisely as shown and described in the present application.
Claims (4)
1.-17. (canceled)
18. A method for controlling a display panel including a plurality of pixels each having a bit depth, the method comprising:
monitoring an image history of the pixels during an active burn mode;
identifying a pixel that has been burned at a greater degree than a number of other pixels; and
determining a number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree than the identified pixel.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising causing the display panel to be driven during a reverse burn mode such that the number of pixels that have been burned at a lesser degree are burned to reduce the burn difference between each of the number of pixels and the identified pixel.
20. (canceled)
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/985,164 US20080068362A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2007-11-13 | Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same |
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US09/943,585 US20020078459A1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Interactive electronic directory service, public information and general content delivery system and method |
US10/004,281 US20020165781A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Interactive media management system and method for network applications |
US41053902P | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | |
US10/660,818 US7317430B2 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2003-09-12 | Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same |
US11/985,164 US20080068362A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2007-11-13 | Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same |
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US09/943,585 Continuation-In-Part US20020078459A1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Interactive electronic directory service, public information and general content delivery system and method |
US10/004,281 Continuation-In-Part US20020165781A1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2001-10-31 | Interactive media management system and method for network applications |
US10/660,818 Continuation US7317430B2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2003-09-12 | Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same |
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US7317430B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2008-01-08 | Ip Mining Corporation | Display panels and methods and apparatus for driving the same |
JP4172409B2 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2008-10-29 | ソニー株式会社 | Image display control apparatus and image display control method |
JP4200381B2 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-12-24 | 船井電機株式会社 | Video display device and video display method |
US20080150839A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Kazuyoshi Kawabe | Controlling light emission in display device |
JP2009025731A (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-02-05 | Eastman Kodak Co | Display device |
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US20040125097A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
US7317430B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EMINE TECHNOLOGY, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MCKAY, BRENT;REEL/FRAME:020163/0654 Effective date: 20051123 Owner name: IP MINING CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EMINE TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020163/0627 Effective date: 20051021 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
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