US20080228190A1 - In situ patellar fixing system - Google Patents
In situ patellar fixing system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080228190A1 US20080228190A1 US12/040,778 US4077808A US2008228190A1 US 20080228190 A1 US20080228190 A1 US 20080228190A1 US 4077808 A US4077808 A US 4077808A US 2008228190 A1 US2008228190 A1 US 2008228190A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- femur
- patella
- jig
- patellar
- reference feature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/14—Surgical saws ; Accessories therefor
- A61B17/15—Guides therefor
- A61B17/154—Guides therefor for preparing bone for knee prosthesis
- A61B17/158—Cutting patella
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
- A61F2/3859—Femoral components
Definitions
- the patella is cut in isolation, i.e., separate and away from the femoral and tibial components of the replacement knee prosthesis. Because the patella is cut/resurfaced in isolation, it is difficult to easily assure the accuracy of the cutting/resurfacing of the patella to accommodate the flexion gap, the extension gap and the patello-femoral gap at the replacement knee joint.
- the femur referencing or engaging component provides a connection between the patella jig and an anchor point or landmark (i.e., a reference feature) on the femur.
- the connection to the anchor point or reference feature on the femur enables the patella jig to be oriented relative to the reference feature.
- a patella held in the clamp mechanism can be fixed in an appropriate orientation relative to the femur during its resection. Cutting the patella while it is referenced to the patellar groove on the femur increases the accuracy of the resection relative to what otherwise may be accomplished.
- the referencing feature on the femur can be accomplished in a number of manners.
- One is to install an artificial anchor point on the femur to serve as the reference feature via which the patella jig is connected to the femur.
- Another is to use the femoral prosthesis or trial which incorporate a feature that can be utilized as an anchor point.
- a femur reference feature can be a natural surface feature of the femur itself, or can be a feature sculpted into the femur bone to serve this function.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic representation of the present patella fixing system showing the major components of the system in relationship to a patella and knee joint.
- FIGS. 1B and 1C are perspective views of the knee joint bone showing alternative embodiments of femur features which can serve as a landmark/anchor point on the femur, relative to which orientation of the patella jig can be gauged.
- FIGS. 3A to 3E are schematic illustrations exemplifying an embodiment of the present patella jig, wherein the femur engaging component comprises an alternative mechanical link to a prosthesis or trial.
- FIG. 3F is a schematic illustration exemplifying an embodiment of the present patella jig, wherein the femur engaging component comprises is not mechanically link to the prosthesis or trial, is connected via a complementary contoured interface pad.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic top plan view of the clamp mechanism of the patella jig configured as a pliers assembly.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic bottom plan view of the jaws of the clamp mechanism of FIG. 4A exemplifying an embodiment having complementary contoured interface pad for connecting the clamp mechanism to the prosthesis or trial.
- the present invention is an patellar fixing system 10 for use in situ in resecting a patella 20 , in surgical procedures such as a knee joint replacement surgery.
- the system 10 includes a patella jig 12 comprised of a patella clamp mechanism 14 and a femur engaging component 16 .
- the clamp mechanism 14 is adapted to releaseably grip and hold the patella 20 during its resection. Patella clamping mechanisms are known in the art.
- the femur engaging component 16 is adapted to interface with a femur reference feature 24 on a femur 22 and serves to connect the patella jig 14 to the reference feature 24 .
- the femur engaging component 16 is a mechanical linkage that comprises a jig link 28 fixed to the jig 12 , and a femur reference fixture 24 that is installed on the femur 22 .
- the jig link 28 releaseably connects the jig 12 to the femur reference fixture 24 installed on the femur 22 , and enables the jig 12 to be disposed in an appropriate orientation relative to the femur 22 .
- the jig link 28 is a hook 28 a and the femur reference fixture 24 is a hook-eye fitting 24 a that is fixed to the femur 22 .
- the loop of the hook-eye fitting 24 a is the linkage interface 30 of the jig link 28 .
- the hook-eye fitting 24 a fixed on the femur provides an anchor (or femur reference point) for the patella jig 12 .
- the hook-eye of the reference fixture 24 a is engageable by the link hook 28 a to accomplish the purpose of the femur engaging component 16 .
- the femur engaging mechanical linkage component 16 comprises a jig link 28 interfacing with a femur reference fixture 24 that provides an artificial physical reference point fixed on the femur 22 .
- FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a preferred artificial physical reference fixture 24 , wherein the femur reference fixture 24 installed on the femur 22 is a femoral prosthesis (or trial) device 24 b .
- the jig link 28 is a hook 28 a , as in the embodiment of FIG. 1B .
- the femur reference fixture 24 b is engageable by the link hook 28 a at linkage interface 30 b on the prosthesis device 24 b to accomplish the purpose of the femur engaging component 16 . See FIGS. 2A to 2C showing examples the patella jig 12 of this embodiment.
- FIGS. 3A to 3E illustrate examples of an alternative preferred embodiment.
- the femur reference fixture 24 installed on the femur 22 is also a femoral prosthesis (or trial) device 24 b .
- the jig link 28 is a probe 28 b configured as a flat blade, rather than as a hook 29 a .
- the linkage interface 30 b is integral to the prosthetic device 24 c installed on the femur ( 22 ), and because of its configuration comprises a stabilized anchor point 30 b .
- the femur reference fixture 24 c is preferably a trial device, rather than the finally installed prosthetic device, allowing the finally installed prosthesis to not have to incorporate the physical features of the linkage interface 30 b .
- the jig link probe 28 b and its complementary linkage interface 30 b can be configured other than as a blade.
- the jig link probe 28 c can be configured as a set of pins and the complementary linkage interface 30 c configured as a set of pin bores as illustrated in the insets in FIG. 3B .
- the clamp mechanism 14 of the patella resection jig 12 preferably includes a tool guide 50 .
- the tool guide 50 may take various configurations selectable by the ordinary skilled artisan, but in the preferred embodiment exemplified, the tool guide is a miter slot through the jaws.
- the miter slot 50 is coplanar with and defines the resection plane of reversibly jig.
- the tool guide 50 is adapted to allow a cutting tool blade to pass through the jaws along the resection plane.
- the tool guide in the exemplified embodiment can be a closed miter slot (see FIG. 2A ) or can be an open miter slot 50 (see FIG. 3A ).
- the patella clamp mechanism 14 comprises a hand-operated clamping pliers 60 .
- the clamping pliers 60 have a first member 61 with a first jaw 62 portion and first handle 63 portion, as well as a complementary second member 64 having an opposing second jaw 65 portion and a second handle 66 portion.
- the first member and second member 61 , 64 are reversibly joined at a pivot point 68 to form the clamping pliers 60 .
- the jaws 62 , 65 of the clamping pliers 60 adapted to clamp onto the 20 patella at the periphery of the patella 20 . As exemplified in FIG.
- the jig link 28 projecting from bottom surface of the jaw of at least one member is a contoured pad 48 .
- the contoured pad 48 is adapted to interface with the patellar surface of the femoral prosthesis device 24 d when it is installed on the knee joint of the femoral bone ( 22 ).
- the patella resection jig 12 has a pivot assembly 40 for pivotably joining the first 61 and second 65 members together at the pivot point 68 .
- the pivot assembly 40 comprises a height adjustment mechanism 42 to adjust the spatial relationship s of the jig link 28 b of the femur engaging component 16 relative to the bottom surface of the jaws of the clamp mechanism 14 .
- the spatial relationship s of the jig link 28 b relative to the bottom surface of the jaws can be adjusted by using a jig link 28 d that has a different sized reach r. See insert in FIG. 3D .
- pivot assembly 40 is can be disassemble to allow separation of clamping mechanism 14 from the femur engaging component 16 , in the same manner as it would be dissembled to change jig links. Disassembly in situ allows the surgeon to move the clamp mechanism 14 (with the patella 20 still clamped in it) away from the femur 22 , and to flip/invert it as necessary in order to have good access and good visibility while performing the resection.
Abstract
Description
- The present application claims the benefit of prior filed U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/892,629, filed 2 Mar. 2007, which application is incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention is in the field of surgical apparatuses used in the treatment of diseases, wounds and other abnormal conditions of the bodies of humans and lower animal (Class 128). Specifically, the present invention relates to orthopedic instrumentation designed for particular use in a surgical procedure on bone structure to correct a deformity, fracture, unwanted or diseased condition Class 606/subclass 53). More specifically, the present invention relates to an osteotomy jig for use in bone reparation, to align a cutting means in a desired orientation for severing or partially severing a bone at a knee/knee joint so that a prosthetic member fitted thereto to effect the repair of the bone (subclasses 86-88).
- Total knee joint replacement surgery is now a common tool in the orthopedic surgeon's repertoire. However, there is a present controversy as to whether during a knee joint replacement surgery, the patella should be replaced as well. Some practitioners will replace the patella as well during the surgery if it is particularly worn. Other practitioners prefer to avoid replacing the patella at all costs. The controversy is difficult to resolve, because the patella replacement portion of a total knee replacement operation is the most poorly performed and understood aspect of the surgery. The standard full knee replacement surgery typically will balance the flexion gap and the extension gaps, but pay less attention to or overlook the patello-femoral gap.
- The reason for this is at least in part because of the lack of appropriate alternative patellar jigs to guide the surgeon when replacing/resurfacing the patella. Typically, the patella is cut in isolation, i.e., separate and away from the femoral and tibial components of the replacement knee prosthesis. Because the patella is cut/resurfaced in isolation, it is difficult to easily assure the accuracy of the cutting/resurfacing of the patella to accommodate the flexion gap, the extension gap and the patello-femoral gap at the replacement knee joint.
- It would be beneficial to the field to have an alternative patella jig that can not only be used in situ, but which also enables cutting of the patella with physical reference to the femoral prosthetic (or trial) component that it is to interface with. Additionally, it would be beneficial to have such alternative patella jig that can hold a range of patella sizes, without compromising accuracy of the physical interface alignment.
- The present invention is a patellar fixing system for use, for example, in a total knee surgical procedure. The fixing system stabilizes a patella in situ in spatial/physical reference to the femoral prosthesis (or the femoral trial) to enable the appropriate cut to be made to the patella to assure the accuracy of the cutting/resurfacing of the patella to accommodate the patello-femoral gap at the replacement knee joint. The present system for resecting a patella in situ comprises a patella jig and a referencing component. The patella jig incorporates a patella clamp mechanism adapted to releaseably hold the patella. The femur referencing or engaging component provides a connection between the patella jig and an anchor point or landmark (i.e., a reference feature) on the femur. The connection to the anchor point or reference feature on the femur enables the patella jig to be oriented relative to the reference feature. Thus a patella held in the clamp mechanism can be fixed in an appropriate orientation relative to the femur during its resection. Cutting the patella while it is referenced to the patellar groove on the femur increases the accuracy of the resection relative to what otherwise may be accomplished.
- The referencing feature on the femur can be accomplished in a number of manners. One is to install an artificial anchor point on the femur to serve as the reference feature via which the patella jig is connected to the femur. Another is to use the femoral prosthesis or trial which incorporate a feature that can be utilized as an anchor point. Additionally, a femur reference feature can be a natural surface feature of the femur itself, or can be a feature sculpted into the femur bone to serve this function.
-
FIG. 1A is a schematic representation of the present patella fixing system showing the major components of the system in relationship to a patella and knee joint. -
FIGS. 1B and 1C are perspective views of the knee joint bone showing alternative embodiments of femur features which can serve as a landmark/anchor point on the femur, relative to which orientation of the patella jig can be gauged. -
FIGS. 2A to 2C are schematic illustrations exemplifying an embodiment of the present patella jig, wherein the femur engaging component comprises a mechanical link to a prosthesis or trial. -
FIGS. 3A to 3E are schematic illustrations exemplifying an embodiment of the present patella jig, wherein the femur engaging component comprises an alternative mechanical link to a prosthesis or trial. -
FIG. 3F is a schematic illustration exemplifying an embodiment of the present patella jig, wherein the femur engaging component comprises is not mechanically link to the prosthesis or trial, is connected via a complementary contoured interface pad. -
FIG. 4A is a schematic top plan view of the clamp mechanism of the patella jig configured as a pliers assembly. -
FIG. 4B is a schematic bottom plan view of the jaws of the clamp mechanism ofFIG. 4A exemplifying an embodiment having complementary contoured interface pad for connecting the clamp mechanism to the prosthesis or trial. - Referring now to the drawings, the details of preferred embodiments of the present invention are graphically and schematically illustrated. Like elements in the drawings are represented by like numbers, and any similar elements are represented by like numbers with a different lower case letter suffix.
- As exemplified in
FIG. 1A , the present invention is an patellar fixing system 10 for use in situ in resecting apatella 20, in surgical procedures such as a knee joint replacement surgery. The system 10 includes apatella jig 12 comprised of apatella clamp mechanism 14 and a femurengaging component 16. Theclamp mechanism 14 is adapted to releaseably grip and hold thepatella 20 during its resection. Patella clamping mechanisms are known in the art. The femurengaging component 16 is adapted to interface with a femur reference feature 24 on afemur 22 and serves to connect thepatella jig 14 to the reference feature 24. This connection allows theclamping mechanism 14 of thepatella jig 12 to be oriented relative to the surface of thefemur 22, thus enabling apatella 20 gripped by theclamp mechanism 14 and disposed in thejig 12 in an appropriate aspect relative to thefemur 22 for resection. Once the patella is set into thejig 12, it can be moved to a different position as necessary for resection without losing its aspect relative to the surface of thefemur 22. - As exemplified in
FIGS. 1B and 1C , the femurengaging component 16 is a mechanical linkage that comprises ajig link 28 fixed to thejig 12, and a femur reference fixture 24 that is installed on thefemur 22. Thejig link 28 releaseably connects thejig 12 to the femur reference fixture 24 installed on thefemur 22, and enables thejig 12 to be disposed in an appropriate orientation relative to thefemur 22. InFIG. 1B , thejig link 28 is ahook 28 a and the femur reference fixture 24 is a hook-eye fitting 24 a that is fixed to thefemur 22. The loop of the hook-eye fitting 24 a is thelinkage interface 30 of thejig link 28. The hook-eye fitting 24 a fixed on the femur provides an anchor (or femur reference point) for thepatella jig 12. The hook-eye of thereference fixture 24 a is engageable by thelink hook 28 a to accomplish the purpose of thefemur engaging component 16. In other words, the femur engagingmechanical linkage component 16 comprises ajig link 28 interfacing with a femur reference fixture 24 that provides an artificial physical reference point fixed on thefemur 22. -
FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a preferred artificial physical reference fixture 24, wherein the femur reference fixture 24 installed on thefemur 22 is a femoral prosthesis (or trial)device 24 b. In this embodiment, thejig link 28 is ahook 28 a, as in the embodiment ofFIG. 1B . However, thefemur reference fixture 24 b is engageable by thelink hook 28 a atlinkage interface 30 b on theprosthesis device 24 b to accomplish the purpose of thefemur engaging component 16. SeeFIGS. 2A to 2C showing examples thepatella jig 12 of this embodiment. -
FIGS. 3A to 3E illustrate examples of an alternative preferred embodiment. In this embodiment, the femur reference fixture 24 installed on thefemur 22 is also a femoral prosthesis (or trial)device 24 b. However, thejig link 28 is a probe 28 b configured as a flat blade, rather than as ahook 29 a. Additionally, in this embodiment, thelinkage interface 30 b is integral to theprosthetic device 24 c installed on the femur (22), and because of its configuration comprises a stabilizedanchor point 30 b. In this embodiment, thefemur reference fixture 24 c is preferably a trial device, rather than the finally installed prosthetic device, allowing the finally installed prosthesis to not have to incorporate the physical features of thelinkage interface 30 b. Additionally, the jig link probe 28 b and itscomplementary linkage interface 30 b can be configured other than as a blade. For example, thejig link probe 28 c can be configured as a set of pins and thecomplementary linkage interface 30 c configured as a set of pin bores as illustrated in the insets inFIG. 3B . - As can be seen in the figures, the
clamp mechanism 14 of thepatella resection jig 12 preferably includes atool guide 50. Thetool guide 50 may take various configurations selectable by the ordinary skilled artisan, but in the preferred embodiment exemplified, the tool guide is a miter slot through the jaws. Themiter slot 50 is coplanar with and defines the resection plane of reversibly jig. Thetool guide 50 is adapted to allow a cutting tool blade to pass through the jaws along the resection plane. The tool guide in the exemplified embodiment can be a closed miter slot (seeFIG. 2A ) or can be an open miter slot 50 (seeFIG. 3A ). - In a preferred embodiment exemplifies by
FIG. 4A , thepatella clamp mechanism 14 comprises a hand-operatedclamping pliers 60. The clampingpliers 60 have a first member 61 with a first jaw 62 portion and first handle 63 portion, as well as a complementarysecond member 64 having an opposingsecond jaw 65 portion and a second handle 66 portion. The first member andsecond member 61, 64 are reversibly joined at apivot point 68 to form the clampingpliers 60. Thejaws 62, 65 of the clampingpliers 60 adapted to clamp onto the 20 patella at the periphery of thepatella 20. As exemplified inFIG. 4B , thejig link 28 projecting from bottom surface of the jaw of at least one member is a contouredpad 48. The contouredpad 48 is adapted to interface with the patellar surface of the femoral prosthesis device 24 d when it is installed on the knee joint of the femoral bone (22). - Optionally, the
patella resection jig 12 has apivot assembly 40 for pivotably joining the first 61 and second 65 members together at thepivot point 68. In the embodiment illustrated (seeFIGS. 3D and 3E ), thepivot assembly 40 comprises aheight adjustment mechanism 42 to adjust the spatial relationship s of the jig link 28 b of thefemur engaging component 16 relative to the bottom surface of the jaws of theclamp mechanism 14. Additionally, the spatial relationship s of the jig link 28 b relative to the bottom surface of the jaws can be adjusted by using ajig link 28 d that has a different sized reach r. See insert inFIG. 3D . It should be noted that thepivot assembly 40 is can be disassemble to allow separation ofclamping mechanism 14 from thefemur engaging component 16, in the same manner as it would be dissembled to change jig links. Disassembly in situ allows the surgeon to move the clamp mechanism 14 (with thepatella 20 still clamped in it) away from thefemur 22, and to flip/invert it as necessary in order to have good access and good visibility while performing the resection. - While the above description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as exemplifications of one or another preferred embodiment thereof. Many other variations are possible, which would be obvious to one skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, and not just by the embodiments.
Claims (17)
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US12/040,778 US8147497B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-29 | In situ patellar fixing system |
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US12/040,778 US8147497B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2008-02-29 | In situ patellar fixing system |
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EP2433574A1 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-28 | DePuy Products, Inc. | Patella resectioning guide and assembly |
WO2012049692A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Indian Institute Of Technology, Bombay | Apparatus and method for orthopedic surgery |
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USD666720S1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-09-04 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Patella resection guide |
USD667110S1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-09-11 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Multifunctional handle |
USD667953S1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-09-25 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Combination patella drill guide and clamp |
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US8968321B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-03-03 | Depuy (Ireland) | Patella resection guide with locating features and method of using the same |
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USD667953S1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2012-09-25 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Combination patella drill guide and clamp |
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