US20090133903A1 - Electrode and method for forming the same - Google Patents

Electrode and method for forming the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090133903A1
US20090133903A1 US12/360,204 US36020409A US2009133903A1 US 20090133903 A1 US20090133903 A1 US 20090133903A1 US 36020409 A US36020409 A US 36020409A US 2009133903 A1 US2009133903 A1 US 2009133903A1
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Prior art keywords
substrate
electrode
metal particles
recited
solvent
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US12/360,204
Inventor
Ying-Chiang Hu
Yii-Tay Chiou
Chun-Hsun Chu
Bor-Chen Tsai
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Priority to US12/360,204 priority Critical patent/US20090133903A1/en
Assigned to INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE reassignment INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIOU, YII-TAY, CHU, CHUN-HSUN, HU, YING-CHIANG, TSAI, BOR-CHEN
Publication of US20090133903A1 publication Critical patent/US20090133903A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • H05K3/102—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by bonding of conductive powder, i.e. metallic powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
    • H05K2203/0779—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing characterised by the specific liquids involved
    • H05K2203/0783—Using solvent, e.g. for cleaning; Regulating solvent content of pastes or coatings for adjusting the viscosity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/12—Using specific substances
    • H05K2203/121—Metallo-organic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
    • H05K3/1216—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by screen printing or stencil printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
    • H05K3/1241—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by ink-jet printing or drawing by dispensing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to an electrode and a method for forming the same and, more particularly, to an electrode with a plurality of metal particles and a method for forming the electrode.
  • Electrodes are conventionally manufactured by electroplating or evaporation on rigid substrates using expensive equipments at high temperatures. However, it is not easy for such electrodes to be connected to other materials such as metal wires for module integration.
  • a conventional method for forming an electrode is Taiwan Patent Pub. No. 414,951 filed by TSMC, disclosing a method for forming electrodes used in capacitors having dielectric with a high dielectric constant.
  • the method is as described in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , comprising steps of: providing a substrate 11 (as shown in FIG. 1 ); forming an electrode defining layer 12 on the substrate 11 (as shown in FIG. 2 ); forming an opening 14 in the electrode defining layer 12 using photo-lithography with a photo-resist layer 16 (as shown in FIG. 3 ); filling the opening 14 with a conductive material 18 covering the electrode defining layer 12 (as shown in FIG. 4 ); removing the conductive material 18 outside the opening 14 (as shown in FIG. 5 ); and removing the electrode defining layer 12 (as shown in FIG. 6 ).
  • the conductive material is formed by conventional chemical vapor-phase deposition (CVD), physical vapor-phase deposition (PVD) or sputtering so that it has difficulty being connected to other materials such as metal wires for module integration.
  • CVD chemical vapor-phase deposition
  • PVD physical vapor-phase deposition
  • sputtering so that it has difficulty being connected to other materials such as metal wires for module integration.
  • the conductive material thus formed cannot be deposited on a flexible substrate due to a mismatched interface between the conductive material (mostly, metal) and polymer.
  • the aforementioned process is relatively complicated and costly.
  • the present invention provides a method for forming an electrode, the method comprising steps of: providing a substrate; providing a solution including a solvent and a plurality of metal particles on the substrate; removing the solvent; and making the plurality of metal particles adhere to the substrate.
  • the plurality of metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material.
  • the recrystallizable material is a conductive polymer material.
  • the substrate is a flexible substrate.
  • the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • the solution is provided on the substrate by spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing or imprinting.
  • the method further comprises a step of: electrically coupling the substrate to a circuit device.
  • the method further comprises a step of: providing a thermal sensitive polymer material on the substrate.
  • the present invention further provides an electrode, comprising: a substrate; and a plurality of metal particles adhering to the substrate.
  • the plurality of metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material.
  • the recrystallizable material is a conductive polymer material.
  • the substrate is a flexible substrate.
  • the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • the plurality of metal particles adhere to the substrate by means of providing a solution comprising a solvent and the plurality of metal particles on the substrate.
  • the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • the solution is provided on the substrate by spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing or imprinting.
  • the electrode further comprises: a thermal sensitive polymer material on the substrate.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams showing a conventional method for forming an electrode in the prior art
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a substrate and a solution
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention providing an electrode and a method for forming the electrode can be exemplified by the preferred embodiments as described hereinafter.
  • the substrate 71 is a flexible substrate.
  • the substrate 71 is formed of a recrystallizable material such as a conductive polymer material.
  • the solution comprises a solvent 72 and a plurality of metal particles 73 .
  • the solvent 72 is an organic solvent comprising methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • the plurality of metal particles 73 comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode according to the present invention.
  • the solvent 72 is provided on the substrate 71 by spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing or imprinting, the coated region (not shown) on the substrate 71 is dissolved to recrystallize. Accordingly, the plurality of metal particles 73 adhere to the substrate 71 by means of being introduced into the recrystallized region.
  • a conductive region is thus formed as an electrode on the substrate 71 .
  • the conductive region can be defined on the substrate 71 using photo-lithography.
  • the substrate 71 can be electrically coupled to a circuit device (not shown).
  • a thermal sensitive polymer material (not shown) can also be provided on the substrate 71 so that the substrate 71 provides heat conductivity and thermal conductivity.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a substrate is provided.
  • the substrate is a flexible substrate.
  • the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material such as a conductive polymer material.
  • a solution comprising a solvent and a plurality of metal particles is provided on the substrate.
  • the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • the solvent is heated or air-dried to be removed from the substrate, as described in Step 93 .
  • Step 94 the metal particles adhere to the substrate.
  • the substrate is dissolvable using a solvent
  • the metal particles in the dissolved region of the substrate can be introduced into the substrate during recrystallization. Consequently, the metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • the electrode of the present invention is thus formed.
  • the method of the present invention further comprises a Step 95 of electrically coupling the substrate to a circuit device so that the substrate is used as an electrode.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a substrate is provided.
  • the substrate is a flexible substrate.
  • the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material such as a conductive polymer material.
  • a solution comprising a solvent and a plurality of metal particles is provided on the substrate.
  • the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • the solvent is heated or air-dried to be removed from the substrate, as described in Step 93 .
  • Step 94 the metal particles adhere to the substrate.
  • the substrate is dissolvable using a solvent
  • the metal particles in the dissolved region of the substrate can be introduced into the substrate during recrystallization. Consequently, the metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • the electrode of the present invention is thus formed.
  • the method of the present invention further comprises a Step 96 of providing a thermal sensitive polymer material on the substrate so that the substrate is used as a sensor device.
  • the substrate can provide various characteristics such as electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, light conductivity, magnetism permeability, or EMI immunity using different polymer materials.
  • the conventional method requires electrode pattern defining, photo-lithography, metallization using CVD, PVD or sputtering, and chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP).
  • the present invention discloses an electrode and a method for forming the electrode so as to reduce the cost, simplify the process, and make it feasible to form on a flexible substrate at a low temperature the electrode able to be connected to other materials such as metal wires. Therefore, the present invention is novel, useful and non-obvious.

Abstract

An electrode and a method for forming the electrode. The electrode comprises: a substrate; and a plurality of metal particles adhering to the substrate. The method comprises steps of: providing a substrate; providing a solution including a solvent and a plurality of metal particles on the substrate; removing the solvent; and making the plurality of metal particles adhere to the substrate.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention generally relates to an electrode and a method for forming the same and, more particularly, to an electrode with a plurality of metal particles and a method for forming the electrode.
  • 2. Description of the Prior Art
  • Electrodes are conventionally manufactured by electroplating or evaporation on rigid substrates using expensive equipments at high temperatures. However, it is not easy for such electrodes to be connected to other materials such as metal wires for module integration.
  • A conventional method for forming an electrode is Taiwan Patent Pub. No. 414,951 filed by TSMC, disclosing a method for forming electrodes used in capacitors having dielectric with a high dielectric constant. The method is as described in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6, comprising steps of: providing a substrate 11 (as shown in FIG. 1); forming an electrode defining layer 12 on the substrate 11 (as shown in FIG. 2); forming an opening 14 in the electrode defining layer 12 using photo-lithography with a photo-resist layer 16 (as shown in FIG. 3); filling the opening 14 with a conductive material 18 covering the electrode defining layer 12 (as shown in FIG. 4); removing the conductive material 18 outside the opening 14 (as shown in FIG. 5); and removing the electrode defining layer 12 (as shown in FIG. 6).
  • Accordingly, the conductive material is formed by conventional chemical vapor-phase deposition (CVD), physical vapor-phase deposition (PVD) or sputtering so that it has difficulty being connected to other materials such as metal wires for module integration. Meanwhile, the conductive material thus formed cannot be deposited on a flexible substrate due to a mismatched interface between the conductive material (mostly, metal) and polymer. Moreover, the aforementioned process is relatively complicated and costly.
  • Therefore, to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, there is need in providing an electrode and a method for forming the electrode so as to reduce the cost, simplify the process, and make it feasible to form on a flexible substrate at a low temperature the electrode able to be connected to other materials such as metal wires.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an electrode and a method for forming the electrode so as to reduce the cost, simplify the process, and make it feasible to form on a flexible substrate at a low temperature the electrode able to be connected to other materials such as metal wires.
  • In order to achieve the foregoing object, the present invention provides a method for forming an electrode, the method comprising steps of: providing a substrate; providing a solution including a solvent and a plurality of metal particles on the substrate; removing the solvent; and making the plurality of metal particles adhere to the substrate.
  • Preferably, the plurality of metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • Preferably, the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material.
  • Preferably, the recrystallizable material is a conductive polymer material.
  • Preferably, the substrate is a flexible substrate.
  • Preferably, the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • Preferably, the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • Preferably, the solution is provided on the substrate by spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing or imprinting.
  • Preferably, the method further comprises a step of: electrically coupling the substrate to a circuit device.
  • Preferably, the method further comprises a step of: providing a thermal sensitive polymer material on the substrate.
  • The present invention further provides an electrode, comprising: a substrate; and a plurality of metal particles adhering to the substrate.
  • Preferably, the plurality of metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • Preferably, the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material.
  • Preferably, the recrystallizable material is a conductive polymer material.
  • Preferably, the substrate is a flexible substrate.
  • Preferably, the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • Preferably, the plurality of metal particles adhere to the substrate by means of providing a solution comprising a solvent and the plurality of metal particles on the substrate.
  • Preferably, the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde.
  • Preferably, the solution is provided on the substrate by spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing or imprinting.
  • Preferably, the electrode further comprises: a thermal sensitive polymer material on the substrate.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The objects, spirits and advantages of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be readily understood by the accompanying drawings and detailed descriptions, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams showing a conventional method for forming an electrode in the prior art;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a substrate and a solution;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode according to the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • The present invention providing an electrode and a method for forming the electrode can be exemplified by the preferred embodiments as described hereinafter.
  • Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a schematic diagram showing a substrate and a solution. In one embodiment, the substrate 71 is a flexible substrate. Preferably, the substrate 71 is formed of a recrystallizable material such as a conductive polymer material. The solution comprises a solvent 72 and a plurality of metal particles 73. Preferably, the solvent 72 is an organic solvent comprising methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde. The plurality of metal particles 73 comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an electrode according to the present invention. As the solvent 72 is provided on the substrate 71 by spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing or imprinting, the coated region (not shown) on the substrate 71 is dissolved to recrystallize. Accordingly, the plurality of metal particles 73 adhere to the substrate 71 by means of being introduced into the recrystallized region. A conductive region is thus formed as an electrode on the substrate 71. Alternatively, the conductive region can be defined on the substrate 71 using photo-lithography. Afterwards, the substrate 71 can be electrically coupled to a circuit device (not shown). Furthermore, a thermal sensitive polymer material (not shown) can also be provided on the substrate 71 so that the substrate 71 provides heat conductivity and thermal conductivity.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In Step 91, a substrate is provided. In the present embodiment, the substrate is a flexible substrate. Preferably, the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material such as a conductive polymer material.
  • In Step 92, a solution comprising a solvent and a plurality of metal particles is provided on the substrate. In the present embodiment, the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde. Preferably, the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • Then, the solvent is heated or air-dried to be removed from the substrate, as described in Step 93.
  • In Step 94, the metal particles adhere to the substrate.
  • More particularly, since the substrate is dissolvable using a solvent, the metal particles in the dissolved region of the substrate can be introduced into the substrate during recrystallization. Consequently, the metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • The electrode of the present invention is thus formed. The method of the present invention further comprises a Step 95 of electrically coupling the substrate to a circuit device so that the substrate is used as an electrode.
  • Furthermore, FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a method for forming an electrode according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Similarly, In Step 91, a substrate is provided. In the present embodiment, the substrate is a flexible substrate. Preferably, the substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material such as a conductive polymer material.
  • In Step 92, a solution comprising a solvent and a plurality of metal particles is provided on the substrate. In the present embodiment, the solvent comprises methyl benzene, phenol or aldehyde. Preferably, the plurality of metal particles comprise nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag) or gold (Au).
  • Then, the solvent is heated or air-dried to be removed from the substrate, as described in Step 93.
  • In Step 94, the metal particles adhere to the substrate.
  • More particularly, since the substrate is dissolvable using a solvent, the metal particles in the dissolved region of the substrate can be introduced into the substrate during recrystallization. Consequently, the metal particles are bonded with the substrate by chemical bonding.
  • The electrode of the present invention is thus formed. The method of the present invention further comprises a Step 96 of providing a thermal sensitive polymer material on the substrate so that the substrate is used as a sensor device. In other words, the substrate can provide various characteristics such as electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, light conductivity, magnetism permeability, or EMI immunity using different polymer materials.
  • Compared to the method of the present invention, the conventional method requires electrode pattern defining, photo-lithography, metallization using CVD, PVD or sputtering, and chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP).
  • Therefore, the method of the present invention has advantages in:
  • (1) wide applications for both rigid substrates and flexible substrate;
  • (2) lower temperature and lower cost without conventional CVD, PVD or sputtering;
  • (3) feasibility to form on a flexible substrate an electrode able to be connected to other materials such as metal wires and devices.
  • According to the above discussion, it is apparent that the present invention discloses an electrode and a method for forming the electrode so as to reduce the cost, simplify the process, and make it feasible to form on a flexible substrate at a low temperature the electrode able to be connected to other materials such as metal wires. Therefore, the present invention is novel, useful and non-obvious.
  • Although this invention has been disclosed and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments, the principles involved are susceptible for use in numerous other embodiments that will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. This invention is, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1-10. (canceled)
11. An electrode, comprising:
a substrate; and
a plurality of metal particles adhering to said substrate.
12. The electrode as recited in claim 11, wherein said plurality of metal particles are bonded with said substrate by chemical bonds.
13. The electrode as recited in claim 11, wherein said substrate is formed of a recrystallizable material.
14. The electrode as recited in claim 13, wherein said recrystallizable material is a conductive polymer material.
15. The electrode as recited in claim 11, wherein said substrate is a flexible substrate.
16. The electrode as recited in claim 11, wherein said plurality of metal particles comprise a material selected from a group including nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), silver (Ag), gold (Au) and combination thereof.
17. The electrode as recited in claim 11, wherein said plurality of metal particles adhere to said substrate by means of providing a solution comprising a solvent and said plurality of metal particles on said substrate.
18. The electrode as recited in claim 17, wherein said solvent comprises a material selected from a group including methyl benzene, phenol, aldehyde and combination thereof.
19. The electrode as recited in claim 17, wherein said solution is provided on said substrate by a process selected from a group including spin coating, ink-jet printing, screen printing and imprinting.
20. The electrode as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
a thermal sensitive polymer material on said substrate.
US12/360,204 2005-10-06 2009-01-27 Electrode and method for forming the same Abandoned US20090133903A1 (en)

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US11/324,630 US7501149B2 (en) 2005-10-06 2006-01-04 Electrode and method for forming the same
US12/360,204 US20090133903A1 (en) 2005-10-06 2009-01-27 Electrode and method for forming the same

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Cited By (1)

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CN104112821A (en) * 2014-07-09 2014-10-22 武汉鑫神光电科技有限公司 Method for preparing silver electrode on perovskite-material solar cell

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ITBO20040076A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2004-05-17 Fabio Biscarini METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A THIN FILM OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SPACIOUSLY STRUCTURED ON A MICROMETRIC OR NANOMETRIC SCALE ON A SUPPORT
US20080311738A1 (en) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-18 Lakshmi Supriya Method of forming an interconnect joint

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