US20090287309A1 - Intra-articular joint replacement - Google Patents
Intra-articular joint replacement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090287309A1 US20090287309A1 US12/337,385 US33738508A US2009287309A1 US 20090287309 A1 US20090287309 A1 US 20090287309A1 US 33738508 A US33738508 A US 33738508A US 2009287309 A1 US2009287309 A1 US 2009287309A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bone
- resected portion
- resected
- humerus
- cut surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
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- A61F2310/00359—Bone or bony tissue
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for implanting a prosthesis at the intersection of two or more bone, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for processing and implanting a resected portion of a humerus to act as an articular surface for an interpositional implant of a shoulder prosthesis.
- prostheses are commonly said to be inverted when they comprise a glenoid component that is integral with the glenoid surface of a scapula of a patient's shoulder and that delimits a convex articular surface and a humeral component that is integral with the humerus of the patient's shoulder and that delimits a concave articular surface.
- the cooperation of the articular surfaces of the glenoid and humeral components allow an articulated connection to be reproduced at the shoulder.
- the lower portion of the humeral prosthetic component strikes the pillar of the scapula, i.e.
- interpositional arthroplasty Another method used to replace damaged shoulder joints is interpositional arthroplasty.
- the method of interpositional arthroplasty uses tissue from the patient or an artificial replacement to repair a damaged or malformed joint.
- An interpositional implant is positioned at the joint to act as an engagement surface between two adjacent bone structures to allow articular movement.
- the humeral metaphysis is typically impacted to form an engagement surface for an interpositional implant positioned between a glenoid component (or glenoid) and a humeral component (or humeral metaphysis).
- the cancellous bone in the humeral metaphysis is of poor or degraded quality, the cancellous bone may lead to gradual subsidence of the interpositional implant within the humeral metaphysis. It is thus desirable to develop an interpositional implant with a metaphyseal articular surface that will provide support and protection to the metaphyseal cancellous bone.
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a prosthesis at the intersection of two or more bones.
- a proximal or distal portion of a bone is removed, comprising a resected portion with an outer convex surface and an inner surface.
- the inner surface of the resected portion is processed, comprising a concave articular surface.
- the outer convex surface of the resected portion is implanted in a cut surface of the bone.
- an interpositional implant is positioned in the concave articular surface that engages with the adjacent bone.
- a convex portion of an adjacent bone or another implant is provided that engages with the concave articular surface.
- the ends of both bones forming the intersection are processed as disclosed herein.
- On embodiment of the present invention includes a method for implanting a shoulder prosthesis.
- the method includes removing a proximal portion of a humerus.
- the proximal portion of the humerus preferably forms a resected portion.
- the resected portion has a convex outer surface and an inner surface.
- the method further includes engaging the convex outer surface of the resected portion with a cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus.
- the cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus and/or the inner surface of the resected portion are optionally processed to form a generally concave surface, such as by impacting.
- the inner surface of the resected portion is impacted into engagement with the cut surface of the proximal portion of a humerus.
- the generally concave inner surface of the resected portion forms a concave articular surface to receive an interpositional implant.
- a convex glenoid implant is located in the scapula and engages with the concave articular surface.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic view of an intra-articular prosthesis implanted in a patient's shoulder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic view of an alternate prosthesis implanted in a patient's shoulder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting guide for a proximal portion of a humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a resected portion of the proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a method of preparing a resected proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a method and apparatus for implanting the resected portion of the proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a resected portion implanted into a proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a resected portion implanted into a proximal portion of the humerus using fasteners in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a resected portion implanted into a proximal portion of the humerus using sutures in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an interpositional implant engaged with an implanted resected portion in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of intra-articular prostheses implanted in a patient's hand in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of intra-articular prostheses implanted in a patient's foot in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic view of a prosthesis 10 including a glenoid component 12 , a humeral component 14 and an interpositional implant 16 .
- the glenoid component 12 is implanted in the scapula S of the gleonid G.
- the method and apparatus of the various embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein may be used with a variety of glenoid components, such as for example those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,033,396; 6,953,478; 6,761,740; 6,626,946; 5,702,447 and U.S. Publication Nos.
- the prosthesis 10 is primarily discussed as being implanted in a patient's shoulder, the prosthesis 10 may also be modified and implanted in other locations of a patient's body without departing from the intended scope of the present invention.
- the prosthesis 10 may be modified to be implanted in a patient's hip, ankle, hands, or feet.
- the glenoid component 12 includes an articular member 18 with a generally concave articular surface 20 that engages the interpositional implant 16 .
- the interpositional implant 16 is remote from the resected surface of the glenoid G in the sense that, if the articular member 18 were omitted, the interpositional implant 16 would be directly juxtaposed with the glenoid G.
- the interpositional implant 16 and the humeral component 12 are laterally remote from the glenoid G, limiting the risk of the humerus H interfering with the bottom of the glenoid G, i.e. with the pillar P of the scapula S.
- an articular member 18 may not be required within the glenoid G. In this case, the interpositional implant 16 would articulate directly with the glenoid G.
- the humeral component 14 includes an articular member 24 formed from a resected portion 30 (shown in FIG. 3 ) of the proximal humerus PH that is removed during processing of the humerus H.
- the proximal humerus PH is preferably resected such that the resected portion 30 is preferably a single, unitary piece.
- an outer convex surface 58 of the resected portion 30 is implanted into the proximal humerus PH as a single unit, rather than as fragments.
- the resected portion 30 can be formed from a single piece or a plurality of pieces taken from the proximal humerus PH or other locations in the patient's body. Implantation of the resected portion 30 can be supplemented with bone graft material, such as for example a purée of bone substance, bone replacements, bone fillers, bone cements and/or bone adhesives, or a combination thereof.
- the bone graft material can be formed from the patient's bone, an allograft, a xenograft, or a combination thereof.
- Various bone replacements, bone fillers, bone cements and bone adhesives are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,563 (Zimmerman), which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- Various additives can also be included with the resected portion, including, but not limited to bone growth agents and pain inhibitors.
- the resected portion 30 is prepared and impacted into the proximal humerus PH to form the articular member 24 having a concave articular surface 32 .
- the preparation of the resected portion 30 can be performed ex vivo or in situ.
- the humeral component 14 includes an optional stem 22 located in the medullary cavity M of the humerus H.
- the proximal end 28 of the stem 22 supports the resected portion 30 and optionally serves as an attachment member.
- a fastener 26 can optionally extend through the resected portion 30 and engage the stem 22 .
- the stem 22 may be omitted entirely without departing from the intended scope of the present invention.
- the interpositional implant 16 is positioned between the articular member 18 of the glenoid component 12 and the articular member 24 of the humeral component 14 .
- the radius of the interpositional implant 16 is typically equal to or less than the radii of the concave surfaces 20 and 32 of the articular member 18 of the glenoid component 12 and the articular member 24 of the humeral component 14 , respectively.
- the interpositional implant 16 is eliminated and a glenoid component 18 with a convex articular surface 19 is substituted.
- the articular member 24 created as outlines in FIG. 1A , engages directly with the convex articular surface 19 .
- FIGS. 2-9 illustrate various embodiments for processing and implanting the prosthesis 10 into the humerus H.
- the method of implanting the prosthesis 10 described hereinafter is merely a non-limiting illustrative example of a method and instruments used to implant the prosthesis 10 .
- the method and the instruments specified hereinafter can be used to implant prostheses of a broad range of structures, of which, for example, the glenoid and/or humeral components 12 , 14 consist of a plurality of metallic, plastic and/or ceramic-type parts joined together.
- the interpositional implant 16 may also articulate directly with the glenoid G such that the glenoid component 12 is not included as part of the prosthesis 10 .
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting guide 34 positioned over the proximal humerus PH.
- the soft parts (i.e. cartilage) of the proximal humerus PH may optionally be removed using a deltopectoral or supero-external approach.
- the cutting guide 34 includes a bell-shaped body 36 secured to a shaft 38 .
- An interior surface of the body 36 has a concave surface from which the main center of curvature pertains substantially to an axis 40 from which the shaft 38 extends from the body 36 .
- the body 36 is designed to cover the upper portion of the proximal humerus PH in the manner of a cap and is perforated to give the surgeon a better view of the proximal humerus PH when positioning the body 36 .
- the body 36 is thus shaped to reproduce approximately the surface features of the upper proximal humerus PH of a normal anatomical humerus H.
- there will be a range of a plurality of homothetic guiding instruments 34 having bodies 36 which have respective dimensions associated with the size and the state of the patient's bones.
- the shaft 38 of the cutting guide 34 is optionally provided with a protruding tube 42 centered on the axis 40 and the main center of curvature of the body 36 .
- a guide pin 44 having a pointed distal end is introduced into the protruding tube 42 and inserted into the proximal humerus PH.
- the guide pin 44 preferably terminates before the cutting plane C-C′.
- the surgeon uses the distal surface 27 on the body 36 located in the cutting plane C-C′ to resect the portion 30 from the proximal humerus PH. Alternatively, the surgeon can cut free-hand without a template.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the resected portion 30 of the proximal humerus PH.
- the proximal humerus PH has a cut surface 66 where the resected portion 30 was removed.
- the resected portion 30 includes a convex outer surface 58 and an inner cut surface 50 of cancellous bone 52 .
- the resected portion 30 is prepared ex vivo by impacting the inner cut surface 50 to compress the cancellous bone 52 to form the generally inner convex surface 32 .
- the inner convex surface 32 is a layer of compacted cancellous bone 52 pressed against the inner surface 54 of the cortical bone 56 .
- the resected portion 30 is prepared ex vivo by removing the cancellous bone 52 from the cortical bone 56 .
- the inner convex surface 32 is essentially the inner surface 54 of the cortical bone 56 . Either of these procedures can also be performed in situ. That is, after the resected portion 30 is engaged with the proximal humerus PH.
- the cut surface 66 of the proximal humerus PH is prepared to receive the resected portion 30 .
- a hemispherical reaming instrument 64 shown in FIG. 4 , is used to form a concave surface 60 in the proximal humerus PH.
- the reaming instrument 64 includes a convex body 68 having a plurality of teeth 70 to shape the cut surface 66 into the desired form.
- the concave surface 60 is preferably the same shape as the outer convex surface 58 of the resected portion 30 .
- the cut surface 66 (shown in dashed lines) is compacted or carved to form the concave surface 60 on the proximal humerus PH. Preparing the cut surface 66 of the proximal humerus PH may be performed using a variety of other techniques known in the art without departing from the intended scope of the present invention. Small holes may optionally be drilled through the concave surface 60 to enhance bone integration remodeling once the resected portion 30 is reversed and implanted in the humerus H.
- FIG. 5 shows the resected portion 30 being impacted into engagement with the concave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH.
- the resected portion 30 is positioned within the concave surface 60 such that the convex outer surface 58 engages the concave surface 60 .
- An impacting instrument 78 is then used to drive the resected portion 30 into the proximal humerus PH to form the articular member 24 having a semi-spherical shape at the concave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH.
- cancellous bone at each side of the proximal humerus PH is compressed and forms to the shape of the concave surface 60 .
- the resected portion 30 is compacted directly against the cut surface 66 , without the reaming step shown in FIG. 4 .
- a strong bony or fibrous-cartilaginous underlying support structure having the concave surface 60 is created to support the articular member 24 .
- the resected portion 30 is used to isolate the cancellous bone 67 in the humerus H from synovial fluids.
- the resected portion 30 is preferably driven into the proximal humerus PH as a single unit such that the resulting articular member 24 is an integral piece and is not formed of fragmented pieces.
- the articular member 24 has a shape of a metaphyseal cup formed to cooperate with a variety of interpositional components, such as, for example, a full sphere, a lens-type free interpositional component, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the articular member 24 may have a shape of approximately one-third of a sphere.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of one embodiment of attaching articular member 24 to the concave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH using a plurality of pins 80 .
- the heads 82 of the pins 80 are preferably flush with, or recessed below, the concave inner surface 32 .
- Various bone anchors known in the art, may also be used in place of the pins 80 .
- the pins 80 may be formed of various materials, including, but not limited to: metallic components and polymeric components. In particular, the pins 80 may be formed of bioresorbable polymers. The pins 80 are particularly useful when the resected portion 30 includes a plurality of pieces 30 A, 30 B, 30 C.
- a suture material 84 is optionally attached to one or more of the pins 80 .
- the suture material 84 extends through the proximal humerus PH to the opposite side and is anchored to the cortical bone 86 using conventional techniques.
- the suture material 84 operates as a tension member to retain the resected portion 30 to the concave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH.
- the resected portion 30 is attached to the proximal humerus PH using a plurality of peripheral sutures 90 .
- the sutures 90 may be formed of various materials, including, but not limited to: metallic components and polymeric components.
- the sutures 90 may be formed of bioresorbable polymers.
- the resected portion 30 may be fixed within the proximal humerus PH by any fixation mechanism, or combination of fixation mechanisms, known in the art without departing from the intended scope of the present invention.
- a reinforcing structure 92 such as for example reinforcing fibers, a three-dimensional porous matrix or scaffold, is located between the concave surface 60 on the proximal humerus PH and the resected portion 30 .
- the reinforcing structure 92 is attached to the cortical bone 86 of the proximal humerus PH by the sutures 90 .
- the reinforcing structure 92 operates like a sling to limit further penetration of the resected portion 30 into the proximal humerus PH.
- the reinforcing structure 92 promotes in-growth between the proximal humerus PH and the resected portion 30 .
- reinforcing structures include a porous matrix, a scaffold, a reticulated bioceramic framework, a structured porous tantalum and a synthetic fiber mesh.
- Various porous matrices and scaffoldings are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,479,271; 6,511,511; 6,605,117; 6,797,006; 6,902,584; and 7,250,550, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- reinforcing structure 92 is discussed as being used in conjunction with the resected portion 30 , the reinforcing structure 92 may alternatively be used in place of the resected portion 30 as an articular surface for engaging the interpositional implant 16 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 9 ).
- the reinforcing structure 92 extends beyond the sutures 90 .
- the reinforcing structure 92 may be made of any material, natural and synthetic, suitable for implantation.
- the reinforcing structure 92 is flexible to permit conformity with the proximal humerus PH.
- the reinforcing structure 92 material may also permit intraoperative cutting or other shaping of the reinforcing structure 92 to fit a surgical site.
- the reinforcing structure 92 may be intraoperatively shapeable by cutting with scissors.
- the reinforcing structure 92 may include natural tissues including fibrocartilage, fascia, pericardium, and/or other natural tissues.
- the reinforcing structure 92 may include synthetic materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, hydrogels and/or other suitable materials.
- a polymer reinforcing structure 92 may include resorbable and/or non-resorbable polymers. Examples of resorbable polymers include polylactic acid polymers, polyglycolic acid polymers, and/or other suitable resorbable polymers. Examples of non-resorbable polymers include polyolefins, polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, polyacrylates, polyketones, and/or other suitable non-resorbable polymers.
- a metal reinforcing structure 92 may include titanium, tantalum, stainless steel, and/or other suitable metals and alloys thereof. For example metal fibers may be woven into a porous flexible reinforcing structure 92 .
- the reinforcing structure 92 may be attached to the hard and/or soft tissues of the proximal humerus PH by mechanical fasteners 94 , adhesives, tissue in-growth, and/or other suitable attachment mechanism.
- the attachment mechanism may be permanent and/or bioabsorbable.
- the reinforcing structure 92 may be screwed, pinned, sutured, or stapled to the bone and/or soft tissue adjacent the joint.
- the reinforcing structure 92 may include preformed openings for receiving fasteners.
- the reinforcing structure 92 may include a reinforced edge to strengthen the reinforcing structure 92 against pullout of fasteners.
- the edge may be reinforced by hemming, molding, braiding, embedding a cord, and/or by other suitable reinforcement mechanism. The reinforced edge may form a thicker portion of the reinforcing structure 92 .
- FIG. 9 shows the interpositional implant 16 positioned within the articular member 24 at the concave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH.
- the interpositional implant 16 is positioned between the articular member 24 and the articular member 18 .
- the interpositional implant 16 is a sphere or ball having a continuous convex surface 104 .
- the interaction of the convex surface 104 of the interpositional implant 16 with the concave articular surface 32 of the articular member 24 and the concave surface 20 of the articular member 18 allows articulation of the prosthesis 10 .
- the size of the interpositional implant 16 is selected such that the convex surface 104 of the interpositional implant 16 is engageable with both the concave surface 20 of the articular member 18 and the concave articular surface 32 of the articular member 24 .
- the interpositional implant 16 is formed of a polymeric material, metal, ceramic, or a combination thereof.
- the interpositional implant 16 is coated with pyrolytic carbon such as that described in U.S. Pat. No.
- FIG. 9 depicts the interpositional implant 16 as a sphere
- the interpositional implant 16 may have any shape having at least two convex surfaces, such as a disc.
- the disc may articulate directly with the glenoid G and the humerus H without the need for articular member 18 of glenoid component 12 or articular member 24 of humeral component 14 .
- the interpositional implant may be replaced by a glenosphere formed of pyrolytic carbon.
- a convex surface of the glenosphere, or reversed glenoid prosthesis may be adapted to articulate directly with the reversed, concave surface of the humerus H, and thus eliminate the need for an interpositional implant.
- the method of resecting natural bone and compacting the resected surface of the natural bone with the resected portion to form a concave articular surface for engagement with a convex articular surface of an interpositional implant to repair or replace a damaged joint is not limited to repairing or replacing a damaged shoulder.
- FIG. 10 shows a hand having a first interpositional implant 100 implanted between metacarpal 102 and proximal phalange 104 .
- the distal end 120 of the metacarpal 102 is resected and processed in a manner similar to the resection and processing of the glenoid and humeral components 12 and 14 (shown in FIG. 1A ) described above, to create a concave articular surface 122 .
- proximal end 124 of the proximal phalange 104 is also resected and processed to create concave articular surface 126 .
- FIG. 10 also illustrates a second interpositional implant 106 implanted between metacarpal 108 and proximal phalange 110 , and a third interpositional implant 112 implanted between proximal phalange 114 and intermediate phalange 116 .
- the bones 102 , 104 , 108 , 110 , 114 and 116 adjacent the respective interpositional implants 100 , 106 and 112 are preferably resected and processed in a manner similar to the resection and processing of the glenoid and humeral components 12 and 14 (shown in FIG. 1A ) described above.
- a natural concave articular surface of one of the bones at the intersection may be sufficient to retain the interpositional implant 106 , making resection unnecessary.
- the interpositional implants 100 , 106 and 112 interact and function with the resected bones in a manner similar to the interpositional implant 16 described above.
- proximal end 130 of the proximal phalange 114 is resected and processed as discussed herein.
- the naturally convex surface 132 of the metacarpal 134 engages directly with the concave articular surface 136 , without the need for an interpositional implant.
- FIG. 10 depending on the joint being repaired or replaced, the shape of the interpositional implants 100 , 106 and 112 may be modified so that they are easily implantable between their respective components or bones.
- FIG. 10 depicts interpositional implants between metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges and an interpositional implant between a proximal phalange and a middle phalange
- an interpositional implant may be positioned at any joint in the hand, for example, between a middle phalange bone and a distal phalange bone or between the trapezium or scaphoid and a metacarpal bone.
- FIG. 11 shows a foot having a first interpositional implant 200 implanted between a metatarsal 202 and a proximal phalange 204 and a second interpositional implant 206 implanted between the proximal phalange 204 and a distal phalange 208 .
- the bones 202 , 204 and 208 adjacent the respective interpositional implants 202 and 206 are resected and processed in a manner similar to the resection and processing of the glenoid and humeral components 12 and 14 (shown in FIG. 1A ) described above.
- the interpositional implants 202 and 206 interact and function with the resected bones in a manner similar to the interpositional implant 16 described above.
- FIG. 11 depicts an interpositional implant between a metatarsal bone and a proximal phalange and an interpositional implant between a proximal phalange and a middle phalange
- an interpositional implant may be positioned at any joint in the foot, for example, between a proximal phalange and a middle phalange or between a middle phalange and a distal phalange. Any of the variations disclosed herein can be used with the embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11 , such as for example, the reinforcing structure or fasteners.
Abstract
A method for implanting an intra-articular shoulder prosthesis is provided. The method includes removing a proximal portion of a humerus. The proximal portion of the humerus preferably forms a resected portion. The resected portion has a convex outer surface and an inner surface. The method further includes engaging the convex outer surface of the resected portion with a cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus. The cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus and/or the inner surface of the resected portion are optionally processed to form a generally concave surface, such as by impacting. In one embodiment, the inner surface of the resected portion is impacted into engagement with the cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus. The generally concave inner surface of the resected portion forms a concave articular surface to receive an interpositional implant.
Description
- The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/020,913 filed Jan. 28, 2008, which claims priority to French application no. 0700622, entitled Méthode et ensemble d'instrumentation chirurgicale pour poser une prothése totale d'épaule inversée, et prothése correspondante, filed Jan. 30, 2007, and also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/888,437 filed Feb. 6, 2007 and 60/971,762 filed Sep. 12, 2007, both entitled Method And Apparatus For Fitting An Inverted Shoulder Prosthesis, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/015,042, entitled Intra-Articular Joint Replacement, filed Dec. 19, 2007, the complete disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for implanting a prosthesis at the intersection of two or more bone, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for processing and implanting a resected portion of a humerus to act as an articular surface for an interpositional implant of a shoulder prosthesis.
- In the field of total shoulder prostheses, prostheses are commonly said to be inverted when they comprise a glenoid component that is integral with the glenoid surface of a scapula of a patient's shoulder and that delimits a convex articular surface and a humeral component that is integral with the humerus of the patient's shoulder and that delimits a concave articular surface. The cooperation of the articular surfaces of the glenoid and humeral components allow an articulated connection to be reproduced at the shoulder. However, it is common with this type of prosthesis that during adductive movement of the shoulder, the lower portion of the humeral prosthetic component strikes the pillar of the scapula, i.e. the lower portion of the glenoid located just below the glenoid prosthetic component (when the patient is standing upright). This interference between the humeral prosthetic component and the scapula limits the range of adductive movement of the shoulder and may cause pain to the patient or even lead to the prosthesis becoming dislodged due to, for example, osteolysis of the scapula.
- Another method used to replace damaged shoulder joints is interpositional arthroplasty. The method of interpositional arthroplasty uses tissue from the patient or an artificial replacement to repair a damaged or malformed joint. An interpositional implant is positioned at the joint to act as an engagement surface between two adjacent bone structures to allow articular movement. In the particular field of interpositional shoulder arthroplasty, the humeral metaphysis is typically impacted to form an engagement surface for an interpositional implant positioned between a glenoid component (or glenoid) and a humeral component (or humeral metaphysis). However, if the cancellous bone in the humeral metaphysis is of poor or degraded quality, the cancellous bone may lead to gradual subsidence of the interpositional implant within the humeral metaphysis. It is thus desirable to develop an interpositional implant with a metaphyseal articular surface that will provide support and protection to the metaphyseal cancellous bone.
- The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a prosthesis at the intersection of two or more bones. A proximal or distal portion of a bone is removed, comprising a resected portion with an outer convex surface and an inner surface. The inner surface of the resected portion is processed, comprising a concave articular surface. The outer convex surface of the resected portion is implanted in a cut surface of the bone. In one embodiment, an interpositional implant is positioned in the concave articular surface that engages with the adjacent bone. In another embodiment, a convex portion of an adjacent bone or another implant is provided that engages with the concave articular surface. In some embodiments, the ends of both bones forming the intersection are processed as disclosed herein.
- On embodiment of the present invention includes a method for implanting a shoulder prosthesis. The method includes removing a proximal portion of a humerus. The proximal portion of the humerus preferably forms a resected portion. The resected portion has a convex outer surface and an inner surface. The method further includes engaging the convex outer surface of the resected portion with a cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus. The cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus and/or the inner surface of the resected portion are optionally processed to form a generally concave surface, such as by impacting. In one embodiment, the inner surface of the resected portion is impacted into engagement with the cut surface of the proximal portion of a humerus. In one embodiment, the generally concave inner surface of the resected portion forms a concave articular surface to receive an interpositional implant. In another embodiment, a convex glenoid implant is located in the scapula and engages with the concave articular surface.
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FIG. 1A is a schematic view of an intra-articular prosthesis implanted in a patient's shoulder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1B is a schematic view of an alternate prosthesis implanted in a patient's shoulder in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting guide for a proximal portion of a humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a resected portion of the proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a method of preparing a resected proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a method and apparatus for implanting the resected portion of the proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a resected portion implanted into a proximal portion of the humerus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a resected portion implanted into a proximal portion of the humerus using fasteners in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a resected portion implanted into a proximal portion of the humerus using sutures in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an interpositional implant engaged with an implanted resected portion in accordance with the present invention. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of intra-articular prostheses implanted in a patient's hand in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of intra-articular prostheses implanted in a patient's foot in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1A shows a schematic view of aprosthesis 10 including aglenoid component 12, ahumeral component 14 and aninterpositional implant 16. Theglenoid component 12 is implanted in the scapula S of the gleonid G. The method and apparatus of the various embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein may be used with a variety of glenoid components, such as for example those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,033,396; 6,953,478; 6,761,740; 6,626,946; 5,702,447 and U.S. Publication Nos. 2004/0220673; 2005/0278030; 2005/0278031; 2005/0278032; 2006/0020344, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Although theprosthesis 10 is primarily discussed as being implanted in a patient's shoulder, theprosthesis 10 may also be modified and implanted in other locations of a patient's body without departing from the intended scope of the present invention. For example, theprosthesis 10 may be modified to be implanted in a patient's hip, ankle, hands, or feet. - In the illustrated embodiment, the
glenoid component 12 includes anarticular member 18 with a generally concavearticular surface 20 that engages theinterpositional implant 16. Given that thearticular member 18 is positioned immediately adjacent the glenoid G, theinterpositional implant 16 is remote from the resected surface of the glenoid G in the sense that, if thearticular member 18 were omitted, theinterpositional implant 16 would be directly juxtaposed with the glenoid G. Thus, on account of thearticular member 18, theinterpositional implant 16 and thehumeral component 12 are laterally remote from the glenoid G, limiting the risk of the humerus H interfering with the bottom of the glenoid G, i.e. with the pillar P of the scapula S. Alternatively, anarticular member 18 may not be required within the glenoid G. In this case, theinterpositional implant 16 would articulate directly with the glenoid G. - The
humeral component 14 includes anarticular member 24 formed from a resected portion 30 (shown inFIG. 3 ) of the proximal humerus PH that is removed during processing of the humerus H. The proximal humerus PH is preferably resected such that the resectedportion 30 is preferably a single, unitary piece. In this form, anouter convex surface 58 of the resectedportion 30 is implanted into the proximal humerus PH as a single unit, rather than as fragments. - Alternatively, the resected
portion 30 can be formed from a single piece or a plurality of pieces taken from the proximal humerus PH or other locations in the patient's body. Implantation of the resectedportion 30 can be supplemented with bone graft material, such as for example a purée of bone substance, bone replacements, bone fillers, bone cements and/or bone adhesives, or a combination thereof. The bone graft material can be formed from the patient's bone, an allograft, a xenograft, or a combination thereof. Various bone replacements, bone fillers, bone cements and bone adhesives are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,563 (Zimmerman), which are hereby incorporated by reference. Various additives can also be included with the resected portion, including, but not limited to bone growth agents and pain inhibitors. - As will be discussed further below, the resected
portion 30 is prepared and impacted into the proximal humerus PH to form thearticular member 24 having a concavearticular surface 32. The preparation of the resectedportion 30 can be performed ex vivo or in situ. - In the illustrated embodiment, the
humeral component 14 includes anoptional stem 22 located in the medullary cavity M of the humerus H. The proximal end 28 of thestem 22 supports the resectedportion 30 and optionally serves as an attachment member. For example, afastener 26 can optionally extend through the resectedportion 30 and engage thestem 22. It will be appreciated that thestem 22 may be omitted entirely without departing from the intended scope of the present invention. - The
interpositional implant 16 is positioned between thearticular member 18 of theglenoid component 12 and thearticular member 24 of thehumeral component 14. The radius of theinterpositional implant 16 is typically equal to or less than the radii of theconcave surfaces articular member 18 of theglenoid component 12 and thearticular member 24 of thehumeral component 14, respectively. When theinterpositional implant 16 is positioned between theglenoid component 12 and thehumeral component 14, as shown inFIG. 1A , theconcave surfaces interpositional implant 16, allowing articular movements of the patient's shoulder. - In an alternate embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1B , theinterpositional implant 16 is eliminated and aglenoid component 18 with a convexarticular surface 19 is substituted. Thearticular member 24, created as outlines inFIG. 1A , engages directly with the convexarticular surface 19. -
FIGS. 2-9 illustrate various embodiments for processing and implanting theprosthesis 10 into the humerus H. It is to be understood that the method of implanting theprosthesis 10 described hereinafter is merely a non-limiting illustrative example of a method and instruments used to implant theprosthesis 10. In other words, the method and the instruments specified hereinafter can be used to implant prostheses of a broad range of structures, of which, for example, the glenoid and/orhumeral components interpositional implant 16 may also articulate directly with the glenoid G such that theglenoid component 12 is not included as part of theprosthesis 10. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cuttingguide 34 positioned over the proximal humerus PH. In order to prepare the proximal humerus PH for resection, the soft parts (i.e. cartilage) of the proximal humerus PH may optionally be removed using a deltopectoral or supero-external approach. - The cutting
guide 34 includes a bell-shapedbody 36 secured to ashaft 38. An interior surface of thebody 36 has a concave surface from which the main center of curvature pertains substantially to anaxis 40 from which theshaft 38 extends from thebody 36. Thebody 36 is designed to cover the upper portion of the proximal humerus PH in the manner of a cap and is perforated to give the surgeon a better view of the proximal humerus PH when positioning thebody 36. Thebody 36 is thus shaped to reproduce approximately the surface features of the upper proximal humerus PH of a normal anatomical humerus H. However, in practice, there will be a range of a plurality ofhomothetic guiding instruments 34 havingbodies 36 which have respective dimensions associated with the size and the state of the patient's bones. - The
shaft 38 of the cuttingguide 34 is optionally provided with a protrudingtube 42 centered on theaxis 40 and the main center of curvature of thebody 36. Once thebody 36 is properly positioned over the proximal humerus PH, aguide pin 44 having a pointed distal end is introduced into the protrudingtube 42 and inserted into the proximal humerus PH. Theguide pin 44 preferably terminates before the cutting plane C-C′. The surgeon uses thedistal surface 27 on thebody 36 located in the cutting plane C-C′ to resect theportion 30 from the proximal humerus PH. Alternatively, the surgeon can cut free-hand without a template. -
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the resectedportion 30 of the proximal humerus PH. After the proximal humerus PH has been resected, the proximal humerus PH has acut surface 66 where the resectedportion 30 was removed. The resectedportion 30 includes a convexouter surface 58 and aninner cut surface 50 ofcancellous bone 52. In one embodiment, the resectedportion 30 is prepared ex vivo by impacting theinner cut surface 50 to compress thecancellous bone 52 to form the generally innerconvex surface 32. As a result, the innerconvex surface 32 is a layer of compactedcancellous bone 52 pressed against theinner surface 54 of thecortical bone 56. - In another embodiment, the resected
portion 30 is prepared ex vivo by removing thecancellous bone 52 from thecortical bone 56. As a result, the innerconvex surface 32 is essentially theinner surface 54 of thecortical bone 56. Either of these procedures can also be performed in situ. That is, after the resectedportion 30 is engaged with the proximal humerus PH. - In some embodiments, the
cut surface 66 of the proximal humerus PH is prepared to receive the resectedportion 30. Ahemispherical reaming instrument 64, shown inFIG. 4 , is used to form aconcave surface 60 in the proximal humerus PH. The reaminginstrument 64 includes aconvex body 68 having a plurality ofteeth 70 to shape thecut surface 66 into the desired form. Theconcave surface 60 is preferably the same shape as the outerconvex surface 58 of the resectedportion 30. - In another embodiment, the cut surface 66 (shown in dashed lines) is compacted or carved to form the
concave surface 60 on the proximal humerus PH. Preparing thecut surface 66 of the proximal humerus PH may be performed using a variety of other techniques known in the art without departing from the intended scope of the present invention. Small holes may optionally be drilled through theconcave surface 60 to enhance bone integration remodeling once the resectedportion 30 is reversed and implanted in the humerus H. -
FIG. 5 shows the resectedportion 30 being impacted into engagement with theconcave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH. The resectedportion 30 is positioned within theconcave surface 60 such that the convexouter surface 58 engages theconcave surface 60. An impactinginstrument 78 is then used to drive the resectedportion 30 into the proximal humerus PH to form thearticular member 24 having a semi-spherical shape at theconcave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH. As the resectedportion 30 is driven into the proximal humerus PH, cancellous bone at each side of the proximal humerus PH is compressed and forms to the shape of theconcave surface 60. - In an alternate embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 6 , the resectedportion 30 is compacted directly against thecut surface 66, without the reaming step shown inFIG. 4 . By gradually integrating the resectedportion 30 into the proximal humerus PH, a strong bony or fibrous-cartilaginous underlying support structure having theconcave surface 60 is created to support thearticular member 24. In addition, the resectedportion 30 is used to isolate thecancellous bone 67 in the humerus H from synovial fluids. The resectedportion 30 is preferably driven into the proximal humerus PH as a single unit such that the resultingarticular member 24 is an integral piece and is not formed of fragmented pieces. Thearticular member 24 has a shape of a metaphyseal cup formed to cooperate with a variety of interpositional components, such as, for example, a full sphere, a lens-type free interpositional component, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, thearticular member 24 may have a shape of approximately one-third of a sphere. -
FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of one embodiment of attachingarticular member 24 to theconcave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH using a plurality ofpins 80. Theheads 82 of thepins 80 are preferably flush with, or recessed below, the concaveinner surface 32. Various bone anchors, known in the art, may also be used in place of thepins 80. Thepins 80 may be formed of various materials, including, but not limited to: metallic components and polymeric components. In particular, thepins 80 may be formed of bioresorbable polymers. Thepins 80 are particularly useful when the resectedportion 30 includes a plurality ofpieces - In one embodiment, a
suture material 84 is optionally attached to one or more of thepins 80. Thesuture material 84 extends through the proximal humerus PH to the opposite side and is anchored to thecortical bone 86 using conventional techniques. Thesuture material 84 operates as a tension member to retain the resectedportion 30 to theconcave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH. - In an alternate embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 8 , the resectedportion 30 is attached to the proximal humerus PH using a plurality ofperipheral sutures 90. Thesutures 90 may be formed of various materials, including, but not limited to: metallic components and polymeric components. In particular, thesutures 90 may be formed of bioresorbable polymers. The resectedportion 30 may be fixed within the proximal humerus PH by any fixation mechanism, or combination of fixation mechanisms, known in the art without departing from the intended scope of the present invention. - In one embodiment, a reinforcing
structure 92, such as for example reinforcing fibers, a three-dimensional porous matrix or scaffold, is located between theconcave surface 60 on the proximal humerus PH and the resectedportion 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcingstructure 92 is attached to thecortical bone 86 of the proximal humerus PH by thesutures 90. In one embodiment, the reinforcingstructure 92 operates like a sling to limit further penetration of the resectedportion 30 into the proximal humerus PH. In another embodiment, the reinforcingstructure 92 promotes in-growth between the proximal humerus PH and the resectedportion 30. Examples of such reinforcing structures include a porous matrix, a scaffold, a reticulated bioceramic framework, a structured porous tantalum and a synthetic fiber mesh. Various porous matrices and scaffoldings are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,479,271; 6,511,511; 6,605,117; 6,797,006; 6,902,584; and 7,250,550, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Although the reinforcingstructure 92 is discussed as being used in conjunction with the resectedportion 30, the reinforcingstructure 92 may alternatively be used in place of the resectedportion 30 as an articular surface for engaging the interpositional implant 16 (shown inFIGS. 1 and 9 ). - In another embodiment, the reinforcing
structure 92 extends beyond thesutures 90. The reinforcingstructure 92 may be made of any material, natural and synthetic, suitable for implantation. Preferably the reinforcingstructure 92 is flexible to permit conformity with the proximal humerus PH. The reinforcingstructure 92 material may also permit intraoperative cutting or other shaping of the reinforcingstructure 92 to fit a surgical site. For example the reinforcingstructure 92 may be intraoperatively shapeable by cutting with scissors. The reinforcingstructure 92 may include natural tissues including fibrocartilage, fascia, pericardium, and/or other natural tissues. The reinforcingstructure 92 may include synthetic materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, hydrogels and/or other suitable materials. Apolymer reinforcing structure 92 may include resorbable and/or non-resorbable polymers. Examples of resorbable polymers include polylactic acid polymers, polyglycolic acid polymers, and/or other suitable resorbable polymers. Examples of non-resorbable polymers include polyolefins, polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, polyacrylates, polyketones, and/or other suitable non-resorbable polymers. Ametal reinforcing structure 92 may include titanium, tantalum, stainless steel, and/or other suitable metals and alloys thereof. For example metal fibers may be woven into a porous flexible reinforcingstructure 92. - The reinforcing
structure 92 may be attached to the hard and/or soft tissues of the proximal humerus PH bymechanical fasteners 94, adhesives, tissue in-growth, and/or other suitable attachment mechanism. The attachment mechanism may be permanent and/or bioabsorbable. For example, the reinforcingstructure 92 may be screwed, pinned, sutured, or stapled to the bone and/or soft tissue adjacent the joint. The reinforcingstructure 92 may include preformed openings for receiving fasteners. The reinforcingstructure 92 may include a reinforced edge to strengthen the reinforcingstructure 92 against pullout of fasteners. For example, the edge may be reinforced by hemming, molding, braiding, embedding a cord, and/or by other suitable reinforcement mechanism. The reinforced edge may form a thicker portion of the reinforcingstructure 92. -
FIG. 9 shows theinterpositional implant 16 positioned within thearticular member 24 at theconcave surface 60 of the proximal humerus PH. Referring again also toFIG. 1A , once thearticular member 24 is fixed onto the proximal humerus PH or thestem 22 and thearticular member 18 is fixed onto the glenoid G, theinterpositional implant 16 is positioned between thearticular member 24 and thearticular member 18. In one embodiment, theinterpositional implant 16 is a sphere or ball having a continuousconvex surface 104. The interaction of theconvex surface 104 of theinterpositional implant 16 with the concavearticular surface 32 of thearticular member 24 and theconcave surface 20 of thearticular member 18 allows articulation of theprosthesis 10. The size of theinterpositional implant 16 is selected such that theconvex surface 104 of theinterpositional implant 16 is engageable with both theconcave surface 20 of thearticular member 18 and the concavearticular surface 32 of thearticular member 24. In one embodiment, theinterpositional implant 16 is formed of a polymeric material, metal, ceramic, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, theinterpositional implant 16 is coated with pyrolytic carbon such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,436,146 (Hassler et al.) which is hereby incorporated by reference. AlthoughFIG. 9 depicts theinterpositional implant 16 as a sphere, theinterpositional implant 16 may have any shape having at least two convex surfaces, such as a disc. The disc may articulate directly with the glenoid G and the humerus H without the need forarticular member 18 ofglenoid component 12 orarticular member 24 ofhumeral component 14. In another embodiment, the interpositional implant may be replaced by a glenosphere formed of pyrolytic carbon. For example, a convex surface of the glenosphere, or reversed glenoid prosthesis, may be adapted to articulate directly with the reversed, concave surface of the humerus H, and thus eliminate the need for an interpositional implant. - As previously mentioned, the method of resecting natural bone and compacting the resected surface of the natural bone with the resected portion to form a concave articular surface for engagement with a convex articular surface of an interpositional implant to repair or replace a damaged joint is not limited to repairing or replacing a damaged shoulder.
-
FIG. 10 shows a hand having a firstinterpositional implant 100 implanted betweenmetacarpal 102 andproximal phalange 104. Thedistal end 120 of the metacarpal 102 is resected and processed in a manner similar to the resection and processing of the glenoid andhumeral components 12 and 14 (shown inFIG. 1A ) described above, to create a concavearticular surface 122. In the illustrated embodiment,proximal end 124 of theproximal phalange 104 is also resected and processed to create concavearticular surface 126. -
FIG. 10 also illustrates asecond interpositional implant 106 implanted betweenmetacarpal 108 andproximal phalange 110, and a thirdinterpositional implant 112 implanted betweenproximal phalange 114 andintermediate phalange 116. Thebones interpositional implants humeral components 12 and 14 (shown inFIG. 1A ) described above. In some embodiments, a natural concave articular surface of one of the bones at the intersection, such as for example on theproximal end 128 of theproximal phalange 110, may be sufficient to retain theinterpositional implant 106, making resection unnecessary. Theinterpositional implants interpositional implant 16 described above. - In another embodiment, the
proximal end 130 of theproximal phalange 114 is resected and processed as discussed herein. The naturallyconvex surface 132 of the metacarpal 134 engages directly with the concavearticular surface 136, without the need for an interpositional implant. - As can be seen in
FIG. 10 , depending on the joint being repaired or replaced, the shape of theinterpositional implants FIG. 10 depicts interpositional implants between metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges and an interpositional implant between a proximal phalange and a middle phalange, an interpositional implant may be positioned at any joint in the hand, for example, between a middle phalange bone and a distal phalange bone or between the trapezium or scaphoid and a metacarpal bone. -
FIG. 11 shows a foot having a firstinterpositional implant 200 implanted between ametatarsal 202 and aproximal phalange 204 and asecond interpositional implant 206 implanted between theproximal phalange 204 and adistal phalange 208. Thebones interpositional implants humeral components 12 and 14 (shown inFIG. 1A ) described above. Likewise, theinterpositional implants interpositional implant 16 described above. - Similar to the
interpositional implants FIG. 10 , the shape of theinterpositional implants FIG. 11 depicts an interpositional implant between a metatarsal bone and a proximal phalange and an interpositional implant between a proximal phalange and a middle phalange, an interpositional implant may be positioned at any joint in the foot, for example, between a proximal phalange and a middle phalange or between a middle phalange and a distal phalange. Any of the variations disclosed herein can be used with the embodiments ofFIGS. 10 and 11 , such as for example, the reinforcing structure or fasteners. - Various modifications and additions can be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, while the embodiments descriconcave articular surface above refer to particular features, the scope of this invention also includes embodiments having different combinations of features and embodiments that do not include all of the descriconcave articular surface features. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the scope of the claims, together with all equivalents thereof.
Claims (48)
1. A method of forming a prosthesis at the intersection of at least two bones, the method comprising the steps of:
removing a proximal or distal portion of a bone to comprise a resected portion with an outer convex surface and an inner surface;
processing the inner surface of the resected portion to comprise a concave articular surface;
implanting the outer convex surface of the resected portion in a cut surface of the bone; and
positioning an interpositional implant in the concave articular surface.
2. The method of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
positioning a cutting template on the bone; and
cutting the bone according to the cutting template.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of processing the inner surface of the resected portion comprises compacting cancellous bone.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of processing the inner surface of the resected portion comprises removing at least a portion of cancellous bone in the resected portion.
5. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of implanting the outer convex surface of the resected portion in the cut surface before processing the inner surface of the resected portion.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the resected portion comprises a unitary structure.
7. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of compacting the cut surface of the bone to form a recess with a shape generally corresponding to the outer convex surface of the resected portion.
8. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of reaming the cut surface of the bone to form a recess with a shape generally corresponding to the outer convex surface of the resected portion.
9. The method of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
locating the outer convex surface of the resected portion on the cut surface of the bone; and
impacting the resected portion into the cut surface of the bone.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of implanting the resected portion comprises the step of arranging a plurality of pieces of the resected portion in the cut surface of the bone.
11. The method of claim 1 comprising attaching the resected portion to the cut surface of the bone using one or more of fasteners, bone anchors, or sutures.
12. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of locating a reinforcing structure between the outer convex surface of the resected portion and the cut surface of the bone.
13. The method of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
positioning a reinforcing structure across at least a portion of the cut surface of the bone; and
attaching the reinforcing structure to the bone.
14. The method of claim 1 comprising selecting the interpositional implant from one of a sphere or a disc.
15. The method of claim 1 comprising coating the interpositional implant with pyrolytic carbon.
16. The method of claim 1 comprising drilling apertures in the cut surface before implanting the resected portion.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the bone comprises a proximal portion of a humerus.
18. A method of forming a shoulder prosthesis, the method comprising the steps of:
removing a proximal portion of a humerus to comprise a resected portion with an outer convex surface and an inner surface;
processing the inner surface of the resected portion to comprise a concave articular surface;
implanting the outer convex surface of the resected portion in a cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus; and
positioning an interpositional implant in the concave articular surface.
19. The method of claim 18 comprising the steps of:
positioning a cutting template on the proximal portion of the humerus; and
cutting the proximal portion of the humerus according to the cutting template.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the step of implanting the resected portion comprises the step of arranging a plurality of pieces of the resected portion in the cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus.
21. The method of claim 18 comprising attaching the resected portion to the cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus using one or more of fasteners, bone anchors, or sutures.
22. The method of claim 18 comprising the step of locating a reinforcing structure between the outer convex surface of the resected portion and the cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus.
23. The method of claim 18 comprising the steps of:
positioning a reinforcing structure across at least a portion of the cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus; and
attaching the reinforcing structure to the proximal portion of the humerus.
24. The method of claim 18 comprising the step of positioning a support stem in a medullary cavity to support the resected portion.
25. The method of claim 24 comprising the step of attaching the resected portion to the support stem.
26. A method for replacing a joint between a first bone structure and a second bone structure, the method comprising:
resecting a convex portion of the first bone structure to form a resected portion having a convex surface, wherein the first bone structure has a cut surface after resecting the convex portion;
positioning the convex surface of the resected portion against the cut surface of the first bone structure; and
driving the resected portion as a single piece into the cut surface of the first bone structure to form a concave articular surface.
27. The method of claim 26 comprising the step of processing the cut surface of the first bone structure to form a recess with a shape generally corresponding to the outer convex surface of the resected portion.
28. The method of claim 26 comprising the steps of:
locating the outer convex surface of the resected portion on the cut surface of the first bone structure; and
impacting the resected portion into the cut surface of the first bone structure.
29. The method of claim 26 comprising locating an interpositional implant in the concave articular surface.
30. The method of claim 29 comprising coating the interpositional implant with pyrolytic carbon.
31. The method of claim 26 comprising engaging a convex surface of a glenosphere attached to the second bone structure with the concave articular surface of the first bone structure.
32. The method of claim 26 wherein the first bone structure and the second bone structure are located in one of a foot and a hand.
33. The method of claim 26 comprising replacing the joint by engaging a convex surface on the second bone with the concave articular surface.
34. The method of claim 26 comprising replacing the joint by engaging a prosthetic element on the second bone with the concave articular surface.
35. A shoulder prosthesis comprising:
a resected portion of a proximal portion of a humerus comprising an outer convex surface engaged with a cut surface of the humerus and an inner surface processed to comprise a concave articular surface; and
an interpositional implant positioned within the concave articular surface.
36. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 wherein the inner surface of the resected portion comprises compacting cancellous bone against cortical bone comprising the outer convex surface.
37. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 wherein the inner surface of the resected portion comprises cortical bone.
38. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 wherein the resected portion comprises one of a unitary structure or a plurality of pieces.
39. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 comprising one or more fasteners, bone anchors, or sutures adapted to attach the resected portion to a cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus.
40. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 comprising a reinforcing structure located between the outer convex surface of the resected portion and a cut surface of the proximal portion of the humerus.
41. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 comprising a support stem adapted for insertion into a medullary cavity to support the resected portion.
42. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 comprising one or more fasteners attaching the resected portion to the support stem.
43. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 wherein the interpositional implant comprises one of a sphere or a disc.
44. The shoulder prosthesis of claim 35 wherein the interpositional implant comprises pyrolytic carbon.
45. A prosthesis comprising:
a resected portion of a bone structure comprising an outer convex surface and an inner surface processed to comprise a concave articular surface; and
an interpositional implant positioned within the concave articular surface.
46. The prosthesis of claim 45 wherein the interpositional implant comprises one of a sphere or a disc.
47. The prosthesis of claim 45 wherein the interpositional implant is located in one of a shoulder, a hip, an ankle, a foot, and a hand.
48. A prosthesis joint between a first bone structure and a second bone structure comprising:
a resected portion of the first bone structure comprising an outer convex surface engaged with a cut surface of the first bone, and an inner surface of the resected portion comprising a concave articular surface; and
a convex portion of the second bone engaged with the concave articular surface comprising the prosthetic joint.
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US14/754,506 US11547572B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2015-06-29 | Intra-articular joint replacement |
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US11547572B2 (en) | 2023-01-10 |
US9089435B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
US20110098822A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
US20150297354A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
US8974536B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
US20140058523A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
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