US20100160963A1 - System and Method for Anchoring Suture to Bone - Google Patents
System and Method for Anchoring Suture to Bone Download PDFInfo
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- US20100160963A1 US20100160963A1 US12/534,590 US53459009A US2010160963A1 US 20100160963 A1 US20100160963 A1 US 20100160963A1 US 53459009 A US53459009 A US 53459009A US 2010160963 A1 US2010160963 A1 US 2010160963A1
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- anchor
- suture
- bone
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0487—Suture clamps, clips or locks, e.g. for replacing suture knots; Instruments for applying or removing suture clamps, clips or locks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0409—Instruments for applying suture anchors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0414—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors having a suture-receiving opening, e.g. lateral opening
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/044—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors with a threaded shaft, e.g. screws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0446—Means for attaching and blocking the suture in the suture anchor
- A61B2017/0458—Longitudinal through hole, e.g. suture blocked by a distal suture knot
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/0401—Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
- A61B2017/0446—Means for attaching and blocking the suture in the suture anchor
- A61B2017/0459—Multiple holes in the anchor through which the suture extends and locking the suture when tension is applied
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
- A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
- A61F2002/0876—Position of anchor in respect to the bone
- A61F2002/0888—Anchor in or on a blind hole or on the bone surface without formation of a tunnel
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to devices for anchoring soft tissue to bone, and more precisely, to devices that secure suture to the bone and soft tissue.
- rotator cuff repair in which the connective tissue of the displaced rotator cuff is to be drawn against the bone of the shoulder until the joint is able to heal properly.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an attachment system according to one embodiment of the invention, with an anchor, a tissue retainer, and a suture threaded through the anchor and the tissue retainer.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 1 , in isolation.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 1 , with the suture threaded loosely through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 1 , with the suture threaded tightly through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an anchor of an attachment system of one alternative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 5 with the suture threaded loosely through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 5 with the suture threaded tightly through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an anchor of an attachment system of another alternative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 8 with the suture threaded loosely through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 8 with the suture threaded tightly through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an attachment system according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1 , with the anchor in the process of being implanted into the bone of a shoulder.
- FIG. 13 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1 , with the anchor implanted in the bone of the shoulder and the tissue retainer in the process of being inserted through an opening in the rotator cuff.
- FIG. 14 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1 , with the anchor and the tissue retainer in place.
- FIG. 15 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1 , with the anchor and the tissue retainer in place, and with the suture drawn taught to attach the rotator cuff to the bone.
- the present invention relates to systems that can be used to draw a bone and a portion of soft tissue together.
- the line locks can be used outside of surgical procedures for any use where it is desired to selectively tighten a line such as a rope, cord, string, or other conventional type of line that extends between two objects, or to bring the two objects closer together.
- attach is broadly interpreted to include securement of separate elements to each other, and the integral formation of separate elements with each other. Thus, two portions of an object that are unitarily formed in a single operation may be said to be “attached” together.
- symmetry without modification, includes any known type of symmetry, including mirror symmetry across a plane and radial symmetry about an axis.
- direction when used in connection with motion of a flexible member such as a line, does not necessarily refer to a static vector. Rather, a “direction” may refer to motion of the line along a pathway, toward one specified end of the pathway.
- a direction may refer to motion of the line along a pathway, toward one specified end of the pathway.
- FIG. 1 a perspective view illustrates a system 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the system 10 may be used to attach soft tissue (not shown in FIG. 1 ) to bone (also not shown in FIG. 1 ).
- the system 10 may be used to attach a torn rotator cuff to the bone of the shoulder to promote proper healing of the shoulder joint.
- the system 10 includes an anchor 12 , a tissue retainer 14 , and a suture 16 that couples the tissue retainer 14 to the anchor 12 .
- the anchor 12 is designed to be implanted in bone
- the tissue retainer 14 is designed to be inserted through an opening in the tissue and then drawn toward the anchor 12 by the suture 16 to draw the soft tissue toward the bone.
- the anchor 12 includes a bone retention portion 20 and a suture retention portion 22 .
- the bone retention portion 20 is designed to be embedded into the bone in such a manner that the bone retention portion 20 securely fastens the anchor 12 to the bone.
- the suture retention portion 22 is designed to retain a portion of the suture 16 in such a manner that, when the suture 16 is under tension, the suture 16 can only be drawn through the suture retention portion 22 in a manner that brings the tissue retainer 14 closer to the anchor 12 .
- the configuration and operation of the bone retention portion 20 and the suture retention portion 22 will be shown and described in greater detail subsequently.
- the tissue retainer 14 has a body 30 with a relatively elongated shape designed to be insertable through a relatively small opening in the soft tissue.
- the elongated shape is further designed to abut the tissue on the opposite side of the small opening in such a manner that, in response to tension on the suture 16 , the tissue retainer 14 is able to draw the soft tissue toward the anchor 12 .
- the body 30 bounds two passageways 32 , which may be sized and arranged to permit relatively free passage of the suture 16 therethrough along either direction.
- the present invention is not limited to the tissue retainer configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 ; rather, a wide variety of shapes and sizes may be used.
- the suture 16 has a first anchor portion 40 and a second anchor portion 42 , both of which pass through the suture retention portion 22 of the anchor 12 .
- the suture 16 further has a retainer portion 44 that passes through the passageways 32 of the tissue retainer 14 . Additionally, the suture 16 has two working ends 46 that are available to be drawn by the surgeon to induce motion of the first and second anchor portions 40 , 42 through the suture retention portion 22 , thereby drawing the tissue retainer 14 toward the anchor 12 .
- an anchor according to the invention may be retained in bone via other mechanisms.
- an anchor according to the invention may be configured as a “tack” with a sharpened end that penetrates the bone sufficiently for retention.
- Such an anchor may optionally be driven into the bone at an angle, or driven into the bone and subsequently rotated, to enhance retention.
- such an anchor may be barbed or may have fold-out wings or other structures designed to block withdrawal of the anchor from the bone. Any bone retention structure known in the art may be used in combination with the other inventive features disclosed herein.
- the notches 68 , 70 serve to create additional bends in the corresponding compressed sections 84 , 86 to enhance retention of the anchor portions 40 , 42 by the anchor 12 .
- Such bends enhance locking of the compressed sections 84 , 86 because there is greater friction keeping the compressed sections 84 , 86 in place.
- tension on the working portions 46 of the suture 16 tends to pull the compressed sections 84 , 86 free of the notches 68 , 70 , respectively, to permit motion of the anchor portions 40 , 42 through the passageways 62 , 64 , 66 to draw the tissue retainer 14 closer to the anchor 12 .
- the compressed sections 80 , 82 are again pressed into the notches 68 , 70 due to tension in the portion of the suture 16 between the anchor 12 and the tissue retainer 14 .
- FIG. 5 a perspective view illustrates an anchor 112 according to one alternative embodiment of the invention.
- the anchor 112 has a bone retention portion 20 and a suture retention portion 122 .
- the bone retention portion 20 may be substantially identical to that of the anchor 12 of FIGS. 1 through 4 .
- the tissue retention portion 122 is configured differently from the tissue retention portion 22 of the previous embodiment.
- the anchor portion 140 of the suture 116 passes through the primary passageway 162 , and then extends along the notch 168 to define a compression section 180 of the anchor portion 140 .
- the anchor portion 140 then extends around the suture retention portion 122 and through the secondary passageway 164 .
- the anchor portion 140 extends between the compression section 180 and the notch 168 to define a compressed section 184 that will be pressed into the notch 168 by the compression section 180 when the suture 116 is tensioned.
- the suture retention portion 222 of the anchor 212 retains the first anchor portion 240 in a manner that permits motion of the anchor portion 240 through the passageways 262 , 264 along only one direction. More precisely, tension tending to pull the tissue retainer 14 away from the anchor 212 increases the magnitude of the force by which the compressed section 284 is pressed into the notch 268 by the compression section 280 . The first anchor portion 240 is therefore unable to move through the suture retention portion 222 . The second anchor portion 242 is locked in place due to abutment of the knot 248 against the portion of the suture retention portion 222 that surrounds the retention passageway 266 .
- FIG. 13 a front elevation, partial section view illustrates another step of an exemplary method of using the system 10 to attach the soft tissue 410 and the bone 412 together.
- the suture 16 and a portion of the anchor 12 have not been sectioned in FIG. 13 .
- This format will also be followed in FIGS. 14 and 15 .
- an opening 420 has been formed in the soft tissue 410 .
- the opening may be formed via a needle, cannula, or the like.
- the tissue retainer 14 may be inserted through the opening 420 by manually positioning it within the opening 420 , and then pressing it through with a rod or other rigid insertion device. Once the tissue retainer 14 has passed through the opening 420 , it may tend to reorient itself into an orientation parallel to the soft tissue 410 in response to tension on the suture 16 , as will be illustrated in connection with FIG. 14 .
- the present invention has particular relevance to surgery, and more particularly to tissue retention through the use of sutures.
- the principles, structures, and methods of the present invention may also be extended to other fields, including the use of larger anchors for locking ropes or cables in a wide variety of applications.
- the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics.
- various alternative examples of different tissue anchoring systems can be mixed and matched to form a variety of other alternatives, each of which may have a different suture threading system, tissue retainer, and/or bone retention structure according to the invention.
- the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive.
- the scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Abstract
A system for attaching soft tissue to bone includes an anchor, a suture, and a tissue retainer. The anchor may have a threaded tip that engages the bone, and a suture retention portion with passageways arranged such that each of first and second anchor portions of the suture can be drawn through the passageways along only a single direction. The tissue retainer has passageways through which the suture can freely move in either direction. Thus, the anchor and the tissue retainer may be attached to bone and tissue, respectively, and the suture may be drawn to substantially irreversibly draw the bone and tissue together. In alternative embodiments, an anchor may receive only one portion of suture and/or one suture end may be affixed to the anchor. The anchor may alternatively permit free motion of the suture, while the tissue retainer permits passage of the suture along only one direction.
Description
- This application is a continuation of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/008,006, filed Dec. 8, 2004 by T. Wade Fallin, et al. for SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ANCHORING SUTURE TO BONE, Attorney's Docket No. MLI-21, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. The Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to devices for anchoring soft tissue to bone, and more precisely, to devices that secure suture to the bone and soft tissue.
- 2. The Relevant Technology
- There are a number of surgical procedures in which it is necessary to draw soft tissue and bone together. One such procedure is rotator cuff repair, in which the connective tissue of the displaced rotator cuff is to be drawn against the bone of the shoulder until the joint is able to heal properly.
- A variety of anchoring systems are presently used to carry out such procedures. Unfortunately, many known systems are somewhat unwieldy, unreliable, or difficult to implant in the patient. Some such systems require the surgeon to take some type of action to lock the suture at its desired length. Thus, the surgeon must keep the suture at the desired length while carrying out the locking operation. If the suture length changes during locking, the surgeon may need to perform additional steps to adjust the length of the suture. Furthermore, many such systems have excessive components that must be implanted into the body.
- Accordingly, a need exists for systems and methods for attaching soft tissue to bone that remedy the shortcomings of the prior art. More particularly, there is a need for a system that is compact, has relatively few components, and is easily lockable during surgery.
- Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an attachment system according to one embodiment of the invention, with an anchor, a tissue retainer, and a suture threaded through the anchor and the tissue retainer. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 1 , in isolation. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 1 , with the suture threaded loosely through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 1 , with the suture threaded tightly through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an anchor of an attachment system of one alternative embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 5 with the suture threaded loosely through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor. -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 5 with the suture threaded tightly through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor. -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an anchor of an attachment system of another alternative embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 8 with the suture threaded loosely through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor. -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the anchor ofFIG. 8 with the suture threaded tightly through the passageways of the suture retention portion of the anchor. -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an attachment system according to another embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 12 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1, with the anchor in the process of being implanted into the bone of a shoulder. -
FIG. 13 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1, with the anchor implanted in the bone of the shoulder and the tissue retainer in the process of being inserted through an opening in the rotator cuff. -
FIG. 14 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1, with the anchor and the tissue retainer in place. -
FIG. 15 is a front elevation, section view of the attachment system of claim 1, with the anchor and the tissue retainer in place, and with the suture drawn taught to attach the rotator cuff to the bone. - The present invention relates to systems that can be used to draw a bone and a portion of soft tissue together. By increasing the size of the line locks, it is also appreciated that the line locks can be used outside of surgical procedures for any use where it is desired to selectively tighten a line such as a rope, cord, string, or other conventional type of line that extends between two objects, or to bring the two objects closer together.
- In this application, the term “attach” is broadly interpreted to include securement of separate elements to each other, and the integral formation of separate elements with each other. Thus, two portions of an object that are unitarily formed in a single operation may be said to be “attached” together. The term “symmetry,” without modification, includes any known type of symmetry, including mirror symmetry across a plane and radial symmetry about an axis.
- The term “direction,” when used in connection with motion of a flexible member such as a line, does not necessarily refer to a static vector. Rather, a “direction” may refer to motion of the line along a pathway, toward one specified end of the pathway. Thus, stating that a line is only able to move along a pathway in one direction means that the line can only be advanced toward one end of the pathway. The line moves along the pathway in one direction even though in the course of advancement along the pathway, segments of the line will simultaneously be moving along a variety of differently-oriented vectors.
- A “long axis” refers to an axis of symmetry or extension along which an object has a length that is substantially its largest dimension. The term “retain” refers to limiting relative motion between two objects in some manner. The term “locking” refers to fixation of the relative positions of two objects in such a manner that relative translation or rotation along or about at least one axis is substantially prevented along at least one direction until the objects have been unlocked.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , a perspective view illustrates asystem 10 according to one embodiment of the invention. Thesystem 10 may be used to attach soft tissue (not shown inFIG. 1 ) to bone (also not shown inFIG. 1 ). According to one example, thesystem 10 may be used to attach a torn rotator cuff to the bone of the shoulder to promote proper healing of the shoulder joint. - In the embodiment of
FIG. 1 , thesystem 10 includes ananchor 12, atissue retainer 14, and asuture 16 that couples thetissue retainer 14 to theanchor 12. Theanchor 12 is designed to be implanted in bone, and thetissue retainer 14 is designed to be inserted through an opening in the tissue and then drawn toward theanchor 12 by thesuture 16 to draw the soft tissue toward the bone. - As shown, the
anchor 12 includes abone retention portion 20 and asuture retention portion 22. Thebone retention portion 20 is designed to be embedded into the bone in such a manner that thebone retention portion 20 securely fastens theanchor 12 to the bone. Thesuture retention portion 22 is designed to retain a portion of thesuture 16 in such a manner that, when thesuture 16 is under tension, thesuture 16 can only be drawn through thesuture retention portion 22 in a manner that brings thetissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 12. The configuration and operation of thebone retention portion 20 and thesuture retention portion 22 will be shown and described in greater detail subsequently. - The
tissue retainer 14 has abody 30 with a relatively elongated shape designed to be insertable through a relatively small opening in the soft tissue. The elongated shape is further designed to abut the tissue on the opposite side of the small opening in such a manner that, in response to tension on thesuture 16, thetissue retainer 14 is able to draw the soft tissue toward theanchor 12. Thebody 30 bounds twopassageways 32, which may be sized and arranged to permit relatively free passage of thesuture 16 therethrough along either direction. The present invention is not limited to the tissue retainer configuration illustrated inFIG. 1 ; rather, a wide variety of shapes and sizes may be used. - The
suture 16 has afirst anchor portion 40 and asecond anchor portion 42, both of which pass through thesuture retention portion 22 of theanchor 12. Thesuture 16 further has aretainer portion 44 that passes through thepassageways 32 of thetissue retainer 14. Additionally, thesuture 16 has two working ends 46 that are available to be drawn by the surgeon to induce motion of the first andsecond anchor portions suture retention portion 22, thereby drawing thetissue retainer 14 toward theanchor 12. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , a perspective view illustrates theanchor 12 of thesystem 10 ofFIG. 1 in isolation. As illustrated, thebone retention portion 20 has a plurality ofthreads 50 that extend outward to engage the bone. Thebone retention portion 20 also has a sharpenedend 52. Theanchor 12 has along axis 54 about which thethreads 50 extend along a generally helical, tapered path. Thethreads 50 may be “self-tapping,” or shaped to form their own canal in the bone in response to torque and pressure of the sharpenedend 52 against the surface of the bone. Alternatively, thethreads 50 may be shaped to rotate into engagement with a pre-formed and/or pre-tapped aperture formed in the bone. - As yet another alternative, an anchor according to the invention may be retained in bone via other mechanisms. For example, an anchor according to the invention may be configured as a “tack” with a sharpened end that penetrates the bone sufficiently for retention. Such an anchor may optionally be driven into the bone at an angle, or driven into the bone and subsequently rotated, to enhance retention. Alternatively, such an anchor may be barbed or may have fold-out wings or other structures designed to block withdrawal of the anchor from the bone. Any bone retention structure known in the art may be used in combination with the other inventive features disclosed herein.
- The
anchor 12 is substantially rigid, and therefore does not depend upon flexion of any part of theanchor 12 to enable retention of theanchor 12 in the bone. Theanchor 12 may be formed of a biocompatible metal such as titanium. Alternatively, a bioabsorbable material or a nonbioabsorbable polymer may be used to form theanchor 12. - In the embodiment of
FIG. 2 , thesuture retention portion 22 has ahexagonal collar 60 designed to be insertable into a hexagonal bore of a driver (not shown) such that the driver is able to impart torque as well as axial pressure to theanchor 12. Thesuture retention portion 22 bounds aprimary passageway 62, a firstsecondary passageway 64, and a secondsecondary passageway 66. Afirst notch 68 and asecond notch 70 extend outward from opposite sides of theprimary passageway 62. The first andsecond notches primary passageway 62, and are therefore oriented generally perpendicular to theprimary passageway 62. Thenotches passageways suture 16 against motion through thesuture retention portion 22 along one direction, as will be further explained in connection withFIGS. 3 and 4 . - Referring to
FIG. 3 , a perspective view illustrates theanchor 12 with a portion of thesuture 16. As shown, the first andsecond anchor portions suture 16 are inserted relatively loosely through thepassageways suture retention portion 22. From the tissue retainer 14 (not shown inFIG. 3 ), the first andsecond anchor portions primary passageway 62, and then extend outward generally parallel to the first andsecond notches second anchor portions second compression sections second notches - The first and
second anchor portions suture retention portion 22, and then through the first and secondsecondary passageways secondary passageways second anchor portions primary passageway 62. The first andsecond anchor portions second compression sections second notches compressed sections second anchor portions second anchor portions second compression sections - Referring to
FIG. 4 , a perspective view illustrates theanchor 12 with a portion of thesuture 16 threaded relatively tightly through thepassageways suture retention portion 22. Substantially all of the slack has been removed from the first andsecond anchor portions compressed sections second notches notches second compression sections - As the
compressed sections notches notches compressed sections anchor portions anchor 12. Such bends enhance locking of thecompressed sections compressed sections portions 46 can act to draw thecompressed sections compression sections notches - The result of the manner in which the
suture 16 is routed through thepassageways second anchor portions passageways tissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 12, but not in a manner that permits thetissue retainer 14 and theanchor 12 to move apart. Tension tending to pull thetissue retainer 14 away from theanchor 12 increases the magnitude of the force by which thecompressed sections notches compression sections - Conversely, tension on the working
portions 46 of thesuture 16 tends to pull thecompressed sections notches anchor portions passageways tissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 12. When the tension on the workingportions 46 abates, thecompressed sections notches suture 16 between theanchor 12 and thetissue retainer 14. - The first and
second anchor portions passageways portion 46 adjacent to thefirst anchor portion 40 to pull the firstcompressed section 84 free of thefirst notch 68, thereby permitting thefirst anchor portion 40 to advance through theprimary passageway 62 and the firstsecondary passageway 64 along a direction that draws thetissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 12. Similarly, a surgeon can draw only the workingportion 46 adjacent to thesecond anchor portion 42 to pull the secondcompressed section 86 free of thesecond notch 70, thereby permitting thesecond anchor portion 42 to advance through theprimary passageway 62 and the secondsecondary passageway 66 along a direction that draws thetissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 12. - The two portions of the
suture 16 that extend between the tissue retainer 14 (shown inFIG. 1 ) and theanchor 12 remain substantially the same length because suture is able to pass relatively freely from one portion to the other through thepassageways 32 of thetissue retainer 14. Drawing only one of the workingportions 46 provides a mechanical advantage that moves thetissue retainer 14 only half as fast as drawing both workingportions 46, thereby facilitating fine-tuning of the position of the soft tissue and the level of tension in thesuture 16. Furthermore, the ability to draw only one of the workingportions 46 provides the surgeon with additional operating flexibility. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , a perspective view illustrates ananchor 112 according to one alternative embodiment of the invention. As shown, theanchor 112 has abone retention portion 20 and asuture retention portion 122. Thebone retention portion 20 may be substantially identical to that of theanchor 12 ofFIGS. 1 through 4 . However, thetissue retention portion 122 is configured differently from thetissue retention portion 22 of the previous embodiment. - More precisely, the
suture retention portion 122 has ahexagonal collar 60 like that of the previous embodiment. However, in place of thepassageways suture retention portion 122 has aprimary passageway 162 and asecondary passageway 164. Thesuture retention portion 122 also has anotch 168 that extends generally perpendicular to theprimary passageway 162 in a manner similar to that of thesecond notch 70 of the previous embodiment. Theanchor 112 is thus designed to receive and lock only one suture portion in a manner that will be shown and described in connection withFIG. 6 . - Referring to
FIG. 6 , a perspective view illustrates asystem 110 that includes theanchor 112 as well as atissue retainer 114 and asuture 116. Like thetissue retainer 14, thetissue retainer 114 has abody 130 that bounds a passageway (not shown) through which thesuture 116 passes. Thesuture 116 may be similar to that of thesuture 16 of the previous embodiment. - In the embodiment of
FIG. 6 , thesuture 116 has ananchor portion 140 that is received by thesuture retention portion 122 of theanchor 112. Additionally, thesuture 116 has aretainer portion 144 that is secured to thetissue retainer 114 and a workingend 46 that can be manipulated by the surgeon to draw thetissue retainer 114 toward theanchor 112. Theretainer portion 144 may be secured to thetissue retainer 114 via aknot 148. According to alternative embodiments, bonding, insert molding, application of rigid fasteners, or the like may be used in place of theknot 148 to secure theretainer portion 144 to thetissue retainer 114. - From the
tissue retainer 114, theanchor portion 140 of thesuture 116 passes through theprimary passageway 162, and then extends along thenotch 168 to define acompression section 180 of theanchor portion 140. Theanchor portion 140 then extends around thesuture retention portion 122 and through thesecondary passageway 164. From thesecondary passageway 164, theanchor portion 140 extends between thecompression section 180 and thenotch 168 to define acompressed section 184 that will be pressed into thenotch 168 by thecompression section 180 when thesuture 116 is tensioned. - Referring to
FIG. 7 , a perspective view illustrates thesystem 110 ofFIG. 6 , with thesuture 116 routed relatively tightly through thesuture retention portion 122 of theanchor 112. As in the previous embodiment, thecompressed section 184 conforms to the shape of thenotch 168, and thenotch 168 thereby serves to create additional bends in thecompressed section 184 to enhance retention of theanchor portion 140 by theanchor 112. - Like the
suture retention portion 22 of the previous embodiment, thesuture retention portion 122 of theanchor 112 retains theanchor portion 140 in a manner that permits motion of theanchor portion 140 through thepassageways tissue retainer 114 away from theanchor 112 increases the magnitude of the force by which thecompressed section 184 is pressed into thenotch 168 by thecompression section 180. Conversely, tension on the workingportion 146 of thesuture 116 tends to pull thecompressed section 184 free of thenotch 168 to permit motion of theanchor portion 140 through thepassageways tissue retainer 114 closer to theanchor 112. When the tension on the workingportion 146 abates, thecompressed section 180 is again pressed into thenotch 168 due to tension in the portion of thesuture 116 between theanchor 112 and thetissue retainer 114. - Thus, the surgeon is able to draw the
tissue retainer 114 closer to theanchor 112 by simply pulling on the workingportion 146. The one-way locking provided by thesuture retention portion 122 keeps thetissue retainer 114 from moving apart from theanchor 112. Thesystem 110 may be particularly useful in applications in which a more compact anchor is desired, and in which the strength of double-suturing is not needed. - Referring to
FIG. 8 , a perspective view illustrates ananchor 212 according to another alternative embodiment of the invention. As shown, theanchor 212 has abone retention portion 20, which may be substantially identical to those of the previous two embodiments. Additionally, theanchor 212 has asuture retention portion 222. Thesuture retention portion 222 has ahexagonal collar 60 like those of the previous embodiments, but is otherwise configured differently from thesuture retention portions - Additionally, the
anchor 212 has aprimary passageway 262, asecondary passageway 264, and aretention passageway 266. Thesuture retention portion 222 also has anotch 268 that extends generally perpendicular to theprimary passageway 262 in a manner similar to that of thesecond notch 70 of the first embodiment. Theanchor 212 is thus designed to receive two suture portions, and to lock via theretention passageway 266, and to lock the other in a manner similar to that of the previous embodiments, as will be shown and described in connection withFIG. 9 . - Referring to
FIG. 9 , a perspective view illustrates asystem 210 that includes theanchor 212 as well as atissue retainer 14 and asuture 216. Thetissue retainer 14 may be (r substantially identical to that of the first embodiment, and thus has abody 30 that bounds twopassageways 32 through which thesuture 216 passes. Thesuture 216 may be similar to that of thesuture 16 of the first embodiment. - In the embodiment of
FIG. 9 , thesuture 216 has afirst anchor portion 240 and asecond anchor portion 242, each of which is received by thesuture retention portion 222 of theanchor 212. Additionally, thesuture 216 has aretainer portion 244 that is secured to thetissue retainer 14 and a workingend 246 that can be manipulated by the surgeon to draw thetissue retainer 14 toward theanchor 212. Theretainer portion 244 may pass through thepassageways 32 of thetissue retainer 14 in a manner that permits relatively free motion of theretainer portion 244 therethrough. - From the
tissue retainer 14, thefirst anchor portion 240 of thesuture 216 passes through theprimary passageway 262, and then extends along thenotch 268 to define acompression section 280 of thefirst anchor portion 240. Thefirst anchor portion 240 then extends around thesuture retention portion 222 and through thesecondary passageway 264. From thesecondary passageway 264, thefirst anchor portion 240 extends between thecompression section 280 and thenotch 268 to define acompressed section 284 that will be pressed into thenotch 268 by thecompression section 280 when thesuture 216 is tensioned. - The
second anchor portion 242 of thesuture 216 passes through the retention passageway 266 (not visible inFIG. 9 ). Aknot 288 is formed in thesecond anchor portion 242 to keep thesecond anchor portion 242 from being withdrawn from theretention passageway 266 toward thetissue retainer 14. Thus, thesecond anchor portion 242 is secured to thesuture retention portion 222 in a manner that maintains tension in thesuture 216 between theanchor 212 and thetissue retainer 14. In alternative embodiments, bonding, insert molding, application of rigid fasteners, or the like may be used in place of theknot 288 to secure thesecond anchor portion 242 to theretention passageway 266. - Referring to
FIG. 10 , a perspective view illustrates thesystem 210 ofFIG. 9 , with thesuture 216 routed relatively tightly through thesuture retention portion 222 of theanchor 212. As in the previous embodiment, thecompressed section 284 conforms to the shape of thenotch 268, and thenotch 268 thereby serves to create additional bends in thecompressed section 284 to enhance retention of thefirst anchor portion 240 by theanchor 212. - Like the
suture retention portion 22 of the first embodiment, thesuture retention portion 222 of theanchor 212 retains thefirst anchor portion 240 in a manner that permits motion of theanchor portion 240 through thepassageways tissue retainer 14 away from theanchor 212 increases the magnitude of the force by which thecompressed section 284 is pressed into thenotch 268 by thecompression section 280. Thefirst anchor portion 240 is therefore unable to move through thesuture retention portion 222. Thesecond anchor portion 242 is locked in place due to abutment of the knot 248 against the portion of thesuture retention portion 222 that surrounds theretention passageway 266. - Conversely, tension on the working
portion 246 of thesuture 216 tends to pull thecompressed section 284 free of thenotch 268 to permit motion of thefirst anchor portion 240 through thepassageways tissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 212. When the tension on the workingportion 246 abates, thecompressed section 280 is again pressed into thenotch 268 due to tension in the portion of thesuture 216 between theanchor 212 and thetissue retainer 14. - Thus, the surgeon is able to draw the
tissue retainer 14 closer to theanchor 212 by simply pulling on the workingportion 246. The one-way locking provided by thesuture retention portion 222 keeps thetissue retainer 14 from moving apart from theanchor 212. Free motion of theretainer portion 244 through thepassageways 32 of thetissue retainer 14 enables the portions of thesuture 216 between theanchor 212 and thetissue retainer 14 to remain at substantially the same length as thetissue retainer 14 is drawn toward theanchor 212. - In the
systems FIG. 11 provides one exemplary embodiment in which one-way suture motion is provided by the tissue retainer instead of the anchor. - Referring to
FIG. 11 , a perspective view illustrates asystem 310 according to another alternative embodiment of the invention. As shown, thesystem 310 includes ananchor 312, atissue retainer 314, and asuture 316. Theanchor 312 has abone retention portion 20, which may be identical to that of the first embodiment, and asuture retention portion 322 that is configured differently from those of the previous embodiments. More precisely, thesuture retention portion 322 is designed to permit relatively free passage of thesuture 316 along either direction, while thetissue retainer 314 permits motion of thesuture 316 along substantially only one direction. - More specifically, the
suture retention portion 322 has apassageway 324 through which thesuture 316 extends. Thepassageway 324 does not restrict motion of thesuture 316 along either direction. Thetissue retainer 314 has abody 330 that bounds afirst passageway 332, asecond passageway 334, and a retention passageway (not visible). Thebody 330 further comprises anotch 338 that extends generally perpendicular to thefirst passageway 332. - The
suture 316 has an anchor portion 340 that passes through thepassageway 324 of the suture retention portion of theanchor 312. Additionally, thesuture 316 has afirst retainer portion 342 and asecond retainer portion 344, both of which are retained by thetissue retainer 314. The first andsecond retainer portions first retainer portion 342 only in a direction that draws thetissue retainer 314 closer to theanchor 312. Thesuture 316 has a workingportion 346 that can be manipulated to draw thetissue retainer 314 toward theanchor 312. - The
first retainer portion 342 passes through the first andsecond passageways second anchor portions FIG. 9 to enable motion of thefirst retainer portion 342 through thepassageways compression section 380 and acompressed section 384 are defined in thefirst retainer portion 342. As in previous embodiments, thecompression section 380 extends generally parallel to thenotch 338, and thecompressed section 384 passes between thecompression section 380 and thenotch 338. In response to tension in the anchor portion 340, thecompression section 380 presses thecompressed section 384 against thenotch 338. Consequently, bends are formed in thecompressed section 384 to enhance locking of thefirst retainer portion 342. - A
knot 148 is provided in thesecond retainer portion 344 to keep thesecond retainer portion 344 from being withdrawn through the retention passageway (not shown) in response to tension on the anchor portion 340. In alternative embodiments, bonding, insert molding, application of rigid fasteners, or the like may be used in place of theknot 148 to secure thesecond retainer portion 344 to the retention passageway. - In order to tighten the
tissue retainer 314 against theanchor 312, the surgeon simply pulls on the workingportion 346. The one-way locking provided by thetissue retainer 314 keeps thetissue retainer 314 from moving apart from theanchor 312. Free motion of the anchor portion 340 through thepassageway 324 of theanchor portion 322 enables the portions of thesuture 316 between theanchor 312 and thetissue retainer 314 to remain at substantially the same length as thetissue retainer 314 is drawn toward theanchor 312. Accordingly, although thetissue retainer 314 provides one-way suture locking instead of theanchor 312, the embodiment ofFIG. 11 provides easy tightening of tissue against bone in a manner similar to that of the previous embodiments. - Referring to
FIG. 12 , a front elevation, partially sectioned view illustrates an initial step in the usage of thesystem 10 ofFIGS. 1 through 4 to attach a piece ofsoft tissue 410 to abone 412. Thesoft tissue 410 may be a piece of connective tissue, skin, or the like. According to one exemplary method of use, thesoft tissue 410 may be a rotator cuff, and thebone 412 may be part of the corresponding shoulder bone, such as the right shoulder of a patient, as viewed from the front. For clarity, a portion of thebone 412 and thesoft tissue 410 have been partially sectioned, and the various elements of thesystem 10 have been sectioned substantially in their entirety. -
FIG. 12 illustrates insertion of theanchor 12 into thebone 412 through the use of aninserter 414, which may have a hollow shape that defines abore 416 with a generally hexagonal cross section. Thetissue retainer 14 is positioned within thebore 416, and thesuture 16 extends out of thebore 416 at one end to leave the workingportions 46 exposed. Thehexagonal collar 60 of theanchor 12 is retained in the opposite end of thebore 416 such that the hexagonal cross section of thebore 416 causes theanchor 12 to rotate in response to rotation of theinserter 414. Theinserter 414 may have a handle or the like (not shown) to facilitate manual rotation thereof. If desired, thesystem 10 may be factory assembled within theinserter 414, as illustrated inFIG. 12 , so that a surgeon need not insert thehexagonal collar 60 into thebore 416 prior to surgical use. - In order to implant the
anchor 12 in thebone 412, the sharpenedend 52 of the inserter may be pressed against the surface of thebone 412 and rotated clockwise via theinserter 414. The sharpenedend 52 may then penetrate thebone 412, and thethreads 50 may engage the bone such that theanchor 12 cannot be withdrawn from thebone 412 in the absence of relative rotation in the opposite direction. In alternative embodiments, theanchor 12 need not be self-tapping. Rather, a drill, reamer, or the like may be used to form a channel in thebone 412, and the channel may optionally be tapped prior to insertion of theanchor 412 to facilitate insertion of theanchor 412. - After the
anchor 12 has reached the proper position, theinserter 414 is withdrawn to leave theanchor 12 embedded securely in thebone 412. Then, thetissue retainer 14 may be inserted through thesoft tissue 410, as will be shown and described in connection withFIG. 13 . - Referring to
FIG. 13 , a front elevation, partial section view illustrates another step of an exemplary method of using thesystem 10 to attach thesoft tissue 410 and thebone 412 together. For clarity, thesuture 16 and a portion of theanchor 12 have not been sectioned inFIG. 13 . This format will also be followed inFIGS. 14 and 15 . As shown, anopening 420 has been formed in thesoft tissue 410. The opening may be formed via a needle, cannula, or the like. - According to one alternative embodiment, a tissue retainer (not shown) may have a generally sharpened shape selected to permit the tissue retainer to be pressed into the
soft tissue 410 to penetrate thesoft tissue 410, thereby forming theopening 420. The tissue retainer may be pushed into place by hand, or via an inserter designed to retain a trailing end of the tissue retainer so that a sharpened leading edge can be pressed through thesoft tissue 420. - Returning to the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13 , a cannulated inserter (not shown) different from theinserter 414 may optionally be used to puncture thesoft tissue 410 to form theopening 420. Such a cannulated inserter may also contain thetissue retainer 14 to facilitate insertion of thetissue retainer 14 through thesoft tissue 410. The end of the cannulated inserter may simply be inserted through theopening 420, and a plunger within the cannulated inserter may be actuated to eject thetissue retainer 14 so that thetissue retainer 14 remains on the proper side of thesoft tissue 410 after withdrawal of the end of the cannulated inserter from theopening 420. - According to alternative steps, the
tissue retainer 14 may be inserted through theopening 420 by manually positioning it within theopening 420, and then pressing it through with a rod or other rigid insertion device. Once thetissue retainer 14 has passed through theopening 420, it may tend to reorient itself into an orientation parallel to thesoft tissue 410 in response to tension on thesuture 16, as will be illustrated in connection withFIG. 14 . - Referring to
FIG. 14 , a front elevation, partial section view illustrates another step of an exemplary method of using thesystem 10 to attach thesoft tissue 410 and thebone 412 together. As shown, thetissue retainer 14 has passed fully through the opening, and is oriented generally parallel to thesoft tissue 410. The working ends 46 may be pulled slightly to provide tension in the portion of thesuture 16 between theanchor 12 and thetissue retainer 14 to draw thetissue retainer 14 into the orientation ofFIG. 14 . - Due to its elongated shape, when oriented as in
FIG. 14 , thetissue retainer 14 is too long to pass back through theopening 420. Accordingly, as long as tension remains in the portion of thesuture 16 between thetissue retainer 14 and theanchor 12, thetissue retainer 14 will remain generally in the orientation illustrated. Further tension may be applied to draw thesoft tissue 410 toward thebone 412, as will be shown inFIG. 15 . - Referring to
FIG. 15 , a front elevation, partial section view illustrates thesoft tissue 410 and thebone 412, drawn and secured together via thesystem 10. As shown, further tension has been applied to the working ends 46 to cause the first andsecond anchor portions passageways anchor 12, thereby shortening the portion of thesuture 16 between thetissue retainer 14 and theanchor 12. - As described previously, the
passageways notches 68, 70 (not visible inFIG. 15 ) are configured such that theanchor portions passageways tissue retainer 14 toward theanchor 12. Relief of tension on the workingportions 46 does not result in motion of thesoft tissue 410 back away from theanchor 412. Accordingly, the workingportions 46 may be drawn by degrees until thesoft tissue 410 is sufficiently close to thebone 412, as desired by the surgeon. Once thesoft tissue 410 has been drawn to the appropriate position, the working ends 46 may be cut short, and the first andsecond anchor portions anchor 12 to keep thesoft tissue 410 in place. - The present invention has particular relevance to surgery, and more particularly to tissue retention through the use of sutures. However, the principles, structures, and methods of the present invention may also be extended to other fields, including the use of larger anchors for locking ropes or cables in a wide variety of applications.
- The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. For example, above are described various alternative examples of different tissue anchoring systems. It is appreciated that various features of the anchoring systems can be mixed and matched to form a variety of other alternatives, each of which may have a different suture threading system, tissue retainer, and/or bone retention structure according to the invention. As such the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (19)
1. A system for attaching a bone and a tissue together via a suture, the system comprising:
an anchor comprising:
a bone retention portion configured to engage the bone to attach the anchor to the bone; and
a suture retention portion attached to the bone retention portion, the suture retention portion comprising a plurality of passageways arranged to receive the suture, and a first notch positioned to receive a compressed section of the suture such that the compressed section is compressed against the first notch by a compression section of the suture.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the bone retention portion comprises a threaded tip having a plurality of threads shaped to engage the bone to attach the anchor to the bone.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the suture comprises first and second anchor portions, wherein the first anchor portion extends along a first pathway through the passageways and the second anchor portion extends along a second pathway through the passageways, wherein the first and second anchor portions under tension can only be advanced in a single direction along the first and second pathways, respectively.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first and second anchor portions are able to be independently drawn along the first and second pathways, respectively.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first anchor portion comprises the compression section and the compressed section, wherein the suture retention portion further comprises a second notch positioned to receive a compressed section of the second anchor portion such that the compressed section of the second anchor portion is compressed against the second notch by a compression section of the second anchor portion.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first notch is oriented substantially perpendicular to at least one passageway of the plurality of passageways.
7. A system for attaching a bone and a tissue together via a suture comprising first and second anchor portions, the system comprising:
an anchor comprising:
a bone retention portion configured to engage the bone to attach the anchor to the bone; and
a first suture retention portion attached to the bone retention portion, the first suture retention portion comprising a plurality of passageways arranged to define first and second pathways along which each of the first and second anchor portions under tension is able to be advanced along only a single direction, independent of advancement of the other of the first and second anchor portions.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the passageways comprise a primary passageway, a first secondary passageway, and a second secondary passageway, wherein the first pathway passes through the primary passageway and the first secondary passageway, and the second pathway passes through the primary passageway and the second secondary passageway.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the first and second pathways are substantially symmetrical to each other across a long axis of the anchor.
10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of passageways comprises two passageways symmetrically displaced from each other across a long axis of the anchor.
11. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a tissue retainer comprising a second suture retention portion configured to retain a retainer portion of the suture.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the second suture retention portion comprises one or more passageways through which the retainer portion is relatively freely movable along a retainer pathway, along either direction.
13. A method for coupling a suture to a bone through the use of an anchor, the method comprising:
inserting the suture along a first pathway through a plurality of passageways of a suture retention portion of the anchor, such that the suture under tension can only be advanced in a single direction along the first pathway; and
rotating the anchor about an axis to induce engagement the anchor with the bone, thereby attaching the anchor to the bone.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the bone retention portion comprises a threaded tip having a plurality of threads, wherein inducing engagement of the anchor with the bone comprises engaging the bone with the threads in response to rotation of the anchor to attach the anchor to the bone.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the threaded tip comprises a sharpened shape, the method further comprising:
positioning the threaded tip against the bone; and
pressing the tip against the bone along the axis to induce penetration of the bone by the threaded tip.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the suture comprises first and second anchor portions, wherein inserting the suture along the first pathway comprises inserting the first anchor portion along the first pathway and inserting the second anchor portion along the second pathway such that the second anchor portion under tension can only be advanced in a single direction along the second pathway.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising drawing one of the first and second anchor portions along the corresponding pathway of the first and second pathways independently of motion of the other of the first and second anchor portions.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the passageways comprise a primary passageway, a first secondary passageway, and a second secondary passageway, wherein inserting the first anchor portion along the first pathway comprises inserting the first anchor portion through the primary passageway and the first secondary passageway, wherein inserting the second anchor portion along the second pathway comprises inserting the second anchor portion through the primary passageway and the second secondary passageway.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the suture retention portion comprises a notch positioned adjacent to the passageways, wherein retaining the first anchor portion comprises receiving a compressed section of the suture such that the compressed section is compressed against the notch by a compression section of the suture to substantially prevent motion of the suture through the passageways in a manner that permits the tissue retainer to move apart from the anchor.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2005313931A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
JP2008525056A (en) | 2008-07-17 |
WO2006063206A2 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
WO2006063206A3 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
US7572275B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 |
EP1824402A2 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
US20060122608A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
CA2590175A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
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