US20110095728A1 - Method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110095728A1 US20110095728A1 US12/607,946 US60794609A US2011095728A1 US 20110095728 A1 US20110095728 A1 US 20110095728A1 US 60794609 A US60794609 A US 60794609A US 2011095728 A1 US2011095728 A1 US 2011095728A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- terminal
- converter unit
- battery
- disablement
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
- H02J9/007—Detection of the absence of a load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for optimizing the operational and down time of chargers or power supplies.
- a conventional battery charger has one end connected to a power source and another end connected to an electronic device.
- the conventional battery charger draws power from the power source to supply to the electronic device.
- the conventional battery charger can draw power from the power source even when the electronic device is disconnected, or fully charged. In some situations, the excess consumption can be, for example, 15 mW or more. With the millions of power adapters in use today, this translates into a large amount of wasted energy and a negative effect on the environment.
- the present invention includes a method and apparatus for optimizing the operational and down time of chargers or power supplies.
- a battery charger includes a converter unit and a cable.
- a terminal such as an electronic device, can be connected to the converter unit using the cable or directly to the converter unit without the cable.
- the converter unit can determine when to draw power from an external power source and when to cease drawing power from the external power source by detecting a power enablement condition or a power disablement condition.
- the power disablement condition can occur, for example, when the terminal is fully charged, the terminal is disconnected from the converter unit, and/or a charge time of the terminal exceeds the predetermined charge time threshold. This reduces an amount of power drawn by the battery charger when it would not be productive to be drawing power from the external power source.
- the converter unit can also periodically wake-up to monitor the terminal to determine whether the power disablement condition still exists.
- the power enablement condition can occur, for example, when the terminal is initially connected to the converter unit and/or the terminal needs to be charged. This allows the terminal to still be appropriately charged even when conserving energy.
- the converter unit can also include a battery to supply power to components of the converter unit and/or the terminal when the converter unit ceases drawing power from the external power source.
- a monitoring function in the battery charger can remain functional even when it does not receive power from the external power source.
- the converter unit can also include a power input including multiple power connectors. This allows the power connector to receive power from a variety of power sources.
- the present invention includes an electric charge cutoff device including a terminal adapter connectable to a terminal, a cable connected to the terminal adapter, a power connector for receiving power from a power source, and a sensor circuit electrically coupled between the power source and the cable.
- the sensor circuit connects the cable to the power connector when a change in capacitance is detected from the cable or the terminal adapter is connected to the terminal.
- the sensor circuit can also optionally disconnect the cable from the power connector when no capacitance has been detected from the cable.
- the present invention is a battery charger including a converter unit connectable to a terminal and an external power source, wherein the converter unit disables reception of power from the external power source and disables a supply of power to the terminal when the converter unit detects a power disablement condition.
- the present invention is a battery charger including a latched relay connectable to an external power source, wherein the latched relay disables reception of power from the external power supply when a power disablement condition occurs and enables reception of power from the external power supply when a power enablement condition occurs, and a load monitor circuit connectable to a terminal, the load monitor circuit detecting when the load monitor circuit is electrically connected to the terminal and supplying power to the terminal when the power enablement condition occurs.
- the present invention is a method for charging a battery including detecting when a terminal is connected to a converter unit, detecting a power disablement condition, disabling reception of power from an external power source when the power disablement condition is detected, and disabling a supply of power to the terminal when the power disablement condition is detected.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery charger according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a battery charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sliced view of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery charger 100
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the battery charger.
- the battery charger 100 includes, for example, a converter unit 102 , a cable 104 , a terminal 106 , and/or a main voltage input 118 .
- the cable 104 is connected to the converter unit 102 and the terminal 106 .
- the cable 104 transmits power and/or information between the converter unit 102 and the terminal 106 .
- the cable 104 can be any type of cable that can transmit power and/or information between the converter unit 102 and the terminal 106 .
- the terminal 106 can be connected to the cable 104 using a terminal adapter 107 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the terminal adapter 107 can be, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) adapter, an IEEE 1394 interface, a proprietary adapter specific to a terminal, or any other type of adaptor that can be used to charge the rechargeable battery in the terminal.
- USB universal serial bus
- the cable 104 can also have a capacitance, which will increase, for example, when a user touches or is touching the cable 104 .
- the capacitance can be, for example, a capacitance of the outer shell 132 .
- the capacitance of the cable 104 can be used, for example, to determine whether the terminal 106 is connected to the converter unit 102 , which will be described later.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 depict the use of the cable 104 , the terminal 106 can also connect directly to the converter unit 102 .
- the main voltage input 118 is connected to the converter unit 102 and is connectable to an external power source.
- the main voltage input 118 can be, for example, a variety of power inputs such as a DC plug 118 a and/or an AC plug 118 b .
- the main voltage input 118 can be connected to an external power source and draw power from the external power source.
- the main voltage input 118 can also be any type of power connector that can receive power from the external power source.
- the DC plug 118 a can be connected to a DC outlet, such as a 12 V DC outlet, in an automobile.
- the AC plug 118 b for example, can be connected to an electrical socket, such as a 110 V or 120 V socket, in a conventional house.
- the main voltage input 118 includes the AC plug 118 a and the DC plug 118 b
- the main voltage input 118 can include any number of power connectors.
- the DC plug 118 a and the AC plug 118 b can also be placed in various positions depending on whether each of the components is in a storage mode or an active mode. This allows for the compact storage of the battery charger 100 when not in use, but allows the battery charger 100 to retain its functionality when it is ready for use.
- the DC plug 118 a can remain in a first position, such as a stored position, when the DC plug 118 a is not in use and in a storage mode.
- the DC plug 118 a can rotate in a direction 126 to a second position, such as an active position, when ready for use and in the active mode.
- the AC plug 118 b can remain in a first position, such as a stored position, when not in use and in a storage mode.
- the AC plug 118 b can, for example, rotate in a direction 124 to a second position, such as an active position, when ready for use and in the active mode.
- the converter unit 102 is connected to the cable 104 and/or the terminal 106 .
- the converter unit 102 can also be directly connected to the terminal 106 without the cable 104 .
- the converter unit 102 includes a microcontroller 108 , a load monitor circuit 110 , a latched relay 112 , a battery monitor and charging circuit 114 , a battery 116 , and a power supply 120 .
- the load monitor circuit 110 is connectable to the terminal 106 either directly or through the cable 104 .
- the load monitor circuit 110 is also electrically connected to the microcontroller 108 , and/or the power supply 120 .
- the load monitor circuit 110 can include a sensor. The sensor can detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the converter unit 102 . For example, the sensor can detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the load monitor circuit 110 .
- the senor to detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the battery charger 100 , the sensor detects a capacitance of the terminal 106 . For example, when a mobile phone is connected to the load monitor circuit, there will be an increase in capacitance.
- the senor can detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the load monitor circuit 110 by detecting a capacitance increase in the cable 104 .
- the capacitance increase can be caused, for example, by a user touching the cable 104 .
- the user touches the cable 104 it is likely that the user is connecting the terminal 106 to the battery charger 100 through, for example, the cable 104 . This can indicate that the terminal 106 will be electrically connected to the load monitor circuit 110 .
- the power supply 120 is connected to the main voltage input 118 and/or the load monitor circuit 110 .
- the power supply 120 is connected to the main voltage input 118 through a switch 119 .
- the switch 119 can be connected or disconnected. When the switch 119 is disconnected, no power flows from the main voltage input 118 to the power supply 120 . When the switch 119 is connected, power flows from the main voltage input 118 to the power supply 120 .
- the power supply 120 can supply power to the load monitor circuit 110 and/or the terminal 106 when the switch 119 is connected.
- the battery 116 is electrically connected to the latched relay 112 , the microcontroller 118 , and/or the power supply 120 .
- the battery 116 can also be electrically connected to the terminal 106 , for example, through the microcontroller 108 and/or the power supply 120 .
- the battery 116 can supply power to the microcontroller 108 and/or the terminal 106 .
- the battery 116 can be charged by the external power source when the switch 119 is connected and when the latched relay 112 enables power to flow to the battery 116 .
- the battery 116 does not receive power from the external power source.
- the battery 116 can include, for example, a rechargeable battery 176 , a super capacitor (“supercap”) 178 , and/or a solar cell 180 .
- the battery 116 can also include any other type of energy storage or renewable energy device which can be used to power the microcontroller 108 and/or the terminal 106 .
- the battery 116 can have an unlimited shelf life. Thus, the battery 116 can operate and hold for the life of the battery charger 100 . Therefore, the battery 116 does not need to be replaced.
- the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 is electrically connected to the latched relay 112 , the microcontroller 108 , and/or the battery 116 .
- the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 can monitor an energy level of the battery 116 .
- the latched relay 112 is electrically connected to the switch 119 , the battery 116 , and/or the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 .
- the switch 119 can be part of the latched relay 112 .
- the latched relay 112 can connect or disconnect the switch 119 . When the switch 119 is disconnected, no power flows from the external power source through the main voltage input 118 to the power supply 120 . When the switch 119 is connected, power can flow from the external power source through the main voltage input 118 to the power supply 120 .
- the switch 119 when the switch 119 is disconnected, the terminal 106 is not charged. This is beneficial, for example, when the terminal 106 is already fully charged. In such a case, energy is prevented from being wasted by discontinuing the current flow from the external power source.
- the switch 119 can be positioned, for example, between the main voltage input and any component that creates a loading, such as the power supply 120 . This allows the switch 119 to discontinue the current flow from the external power source to the terminal 106 .
- the latched relay 112 is electrically connected to the main voltage input 118 , the power supply 120 , the battery 116 , the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 , and/or the microcontroller 108 .
- the latched relay 112 is also electrically connected to the switch 119 .
- the latched relay 112 can connect or disconnect the switch 119 based on instructions from the microcontroller 108 .
- the latched relay 112 can also enable or disable the supply of power to the battery 116 based on the instructions of the microcontroller 108 .
- the microcontroller 108 is electrically connected to the load monitor circuit 110 , the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 , the latched relay 112 , and/or the battery 116 .
- the microcontroller 108 can receive power from the external power source and/or the battery 116 .
- the battery 116 can supply power to the microcontroller 108 . This allows the microcontroller 108 to operate even when the external power source is not supplying power to the converter unit 100 .
- the microcontroller 108 receives information regarding the energy level of the battery 116 from the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 .
- the battery 116 instructs the latched relay 112 to supply power to the battery 116 . This guarantees that the microcontroller 108 will always have enough power to operate, even when the converter unit 102 is conserving energy by not drawing power from the external power source.
- the microcontroller 108 can also detect a power disablement condition and a power enablement condition. During a power disablement condition, the microcontroller 108 instructs the latched relay 112 to disconnect the switch 119 . By disconnecting the switch 119 , power does not flow from the main voltage input 118 to the power supply 120 , and the converter unit 102 ceases drawing power from the external power supply. This saves power since much of the power that is drawn by a battery charger during a power disablement condition is wasted.
- the power disablement condition can be, for example, when the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the converter unit 102 and is fully charged.
- the microcontroller 108 can receive a signal from the load monitor circuit 110 indicating that the terminal 106 is connected to the converter unit 102 .
- the microcontroller 108 can then detect a voltage and/or current of the terminal 106 .
- the terminal 106 when the voltage of the terminal 106 exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold, then the terminal 106 is fully charged. For example, if the voltage of the terminal 106 is 21 volts, and the predetermined voltage threshold is 20 volts, then the terminal 106 is fully charged. In another embodiment, when the current of the terminal 106 is below a predetermined current threshold, then the terminal 106 is fully charged. For example, if the current of the terminal 106 is 50 mA and the predetermined current threshold is 60 mA, then the terminal 106 is fully charged.
- the microcontroller 108 instructs the latched relay 112 to disconnect the switch 119 .
- the switch 119 is disconnected, the converter unit 102 ceases drawing power from the external power source, reducing energy consumption.
- the battery charger 100 does not draw power from the external power source, even when the battery charger 100 is connected to the external power source.
- the voltage of the terminal 106 is 18 volts, and/or the current of the terminal 106 is 70 mA, then the terminal 106 is not fully charged, and there is no power disablement condition.
- the power disablement condition can also be, for example, when a charge time of the terminal 106 exceeds a predetermined charge time threshold.
- the microcontroller 108 can also determine that the terminal 106 is fully charged based on the charge time.
- the charge time can begin, for example, when the terminal 106 is initially connected to the converter unit 102 .
- the charge time can begin when the voltage of the terminal 106 remains stagnant for a predetermined period of time. By remaining stagnant for a predetermined period of time, the terminal 106 may be fully charged, even if the voltage does not exceed the predetermined voltage threshold.
- the charge time begins can be appropriately determined based on the terminal 106 or any other criteria.
- the microcontroller 108 instructs the latched relay 112 to disconnect the switch 119 .
- This enables power conservation by preventing the converter unit 102 from drawing power when the terminal 106 is already full, nearly full, or has already been charged for an appropriate amount of time. Thus, even if the battery charger 100 is connected to the external power source, it does not draw power from the external power source.
- the power disablement condition can also be, for example, when the terminal 106 is disconnected from the converter unit 102 and/or the battery charger 100 .
- the load monitor circuit 110 sends a signal to the microcontroller 108 that the terminal 106 is disconnected from the converter unit 102
- the microcontroller 108 sends a signal to the latched relay 112 to disconnect the switch 119 . This disables power reception by the battery charger 100 from the external power source even if the battery charger 100 is connected to the external power source.
- power consumption by the converter unit 102 and/or the battery charger 100 does not perform any meaningful function, such as by charging a terminal 106 , since the terminal 106 is already fully charged or disconnected from the converter unit 102 and/or the battery charger 100 .
- power consumption of the converter unit 102 and/or the battery charger 100 can be reduced and efficiency of the converter unit 102 can be increased.
- the user may not notice that the terminal 106 is fully charged. This is especially prevalent where the user is, for example, charging the terminal 106 overnight while the user is sleeping.
- the power enablement condition can be, for example, when the terminal 106 is initially connected to the converter unit 102 and/or the battery charger 100 .
- the microcontroller 108 sends the signal to the latched relay 112 that the switch 119 should be connected. This can, for example, allow the converter unit 102 to draw power from the external power source and to charge the terminal 106 .
- the power enablement condition can last for a predetermined time period even when the power disablement condition occurs. For example, if the electronic charger is fully charged when initially connected to the battery charger 100 , the battery charger 100 can still enable power from the external power source for the predetermined time period.
- the microcontroller 108 can, for example, determine whether the terminal 106 is full. In another embodiment, during the predetermined time period, the microcontroller 108 can determine if the disablement condition occurs and proceed with actions associated with the disablement condition after the predetermined time period has elapsed.
- the converter unit 102 can periodically wake up from the power disablement condition to monitor the terminal 106 .
- the converter unit 102 can determine whether the power disablement condition still exists and whether to continue disabling power reception from an external power source or disabling the supply of power to the terminal 106 .
- the power enablement condition can occur when the terminal 106 is connected to the converter unit 102 and the power disablement time exceeds a predetermined power disablement time threshold.
- the power disablement time can commence when the power disablement condition is detected.
- the microcontroller 108 determines that the power disablement condition occurs, the power disablement time begins.
- the power disablement time can be reset when the power enablement condition exists and/or the converter unit 102 wakes up.
- the converter unit 102 can periodically monitor the charge status of the terminal 106 . This prevents the terminal 106 from being fully charged, having the charging of the terminal 106 be disabled, and then having the terminal 106 be drained of its charge.
- the converter unit 102 can anticipate when power consumption is necessary and/or will perform a meaningful function. This can reduce any inconvenience or impact for a user through the power consumption saving function of the battery charger 100 .
- the converter unit 102 can also include a terminal input 121 , a shell 128 , and an indicator 130 .
- the cable 104 can be connected, for example, to the terminal input 121 .
- the terminal input 121 can be, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) input, an IEEE 1394 interface, a proprietary input specific to a terminal, or any other type of input that can be used to charge the rechargeable battery in the terminal and/or communicate with the converter unit 102 .
- the shell 128 can be, for example, a housing which can house the components of the converter unit 102 .
- the shell 128 can be formed from plastic, polymers, insulators, or any other type of material which can protect the components of the converter unit 102 .
- the indicator 130 can be an indicator regarding the battery charger 100 .
- the indicator 130 can indicate, for example, whether the converter unit 102 is drawing power from the external power source, whether the converter unit 102 is supplying power to the terminal 106 , the charge of the battery 116 , or any other type of information that may be useful to a user with regards to power consumption of the battery charger 102 .
- the indicator 130 can be, for example, a light indicator.
- the indicator 130 can receive power from the battery 116 and/or the external power source through the power switching unit 112 , the power circuit 114 , and/or the power input 118 .
- the indicator 130 can display a first indication when the converter unit 102 is drawing power from the external power source and/or supplying the power to the terminal 106 .
- the first indication can be, for example, a first color.
- the indicator 130 can display a second indication when the converter unit 102 is not drawing power from the external power source and/or not supplying power to the terminal 106 .
- the second indication can be, for example, a second color or no indication at all.
- the indicator 130 can display a third indication when the converter unit 102 is not drawing power from the external power source, but is supplying power to the terminal 106 .
- the third indication can be, for example, a third color or no indication at all.
- circuit diagrams of the converter unit 102 according to an embodiment of the present invention can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 4-7 .
- the terminal 106 can be connected to an input 138 or an input 140 .
- the input 138 and the input 140 can be, for example, an input where the terminal 106 is connected to the battery charger 100 and/or the converter unit 102 .
- the cable 104 can be plugged into the input 138 and/or the input 140 .
- the inputs 138 and 140 can be connected to pins 2 and 3 of a connection 142 through the lines 144 and 146 , respectively.
- the inputs 138 and 140 can be connected to the pins 6 and 7 of the connection 142 through the lines 172 and 174 , respectively.
- the pins 2 and 3 of the connection 142 can be used by a sensor 149 to detect whether the terminal 106 is connected to the converter unit 102 or not.
- the sensor 149 can detect, for example, a capacitance of the terminal 106 using the pins 2 and 3 .
- the sensor 149 can also detect, for example, a capacitance of the cable 104 using the pins 2 and 3 .
- the load monitor circuit 110 ( FIG. 1 ) can include, for example, the sensor 149 .
- the sensor 149 can transmit information regarding the terminal 106 to a microprocessor 156 using a voltage for microcontroller unit (“Vmcu”) signal, a wakeup signal, a serial data access (“SDA”) signal, and/or a serial clock line (“SCL”) signal.
- Vmcu voltage for microcontroller unit
- SDA serial data access
- SCL serial clock line
- the microcontroller 108 in FIG. 1 can include and/or correspond, for example, to the microprocessor 156 .
- the information can include, for example, a capacitance of the terminal 106 , a capacitance of the cable 104 , whether the terminal 106 is connected, and/or whether the cable 104 has been touched.
- the microprocessor 156 receives the Vmcu signal, the wakeup signal, the SDA signal, and/or the SCL signal, and determines whether the terminal 106 is connected to the converter unit 102 and/or the battery charger 100 .
- the microprocessor 156 detects a voltage and/or current of the terminal 106 using the pins 6 and 7 of the connection 142 .
- the pins 6 and 7 are connected to the inputs 138 and 140 , which are connected to the terminal 106 .
- the pins 6 and 7 can transmit the signals Vusb 1 and/or Vusb 2 .
- the microprocessor 156 can also determine the charge time of the terminal 106 , and whether the charge time exceeds the predetermined charge time threshold. The microprocessor 156 can then determine whether a power enablement condition or a power disablement condition has occurred.
- the microprocessor 156 can send instructions, for example, to a microprocessor 160 using a LED1 signal and/or a LED2 signal based on whether the power enablement condition or the power disablement condition has occurred. Based on the instructions from the microprocessor 156 , the microprocessor 160 can connect or disconnect pins in a relay 161 .
- the latched relay 112 in FIG. 1 can include, for example, the microprocessor 160 and/or the relay 161 .
- the lines 148 and 154 do not form a complete circuit and no current flows through the lines 148 and 154 .
- the pins 2 and 3 can be disconnected, for example, when the power disablement condition occurs.
- the switch 119 can correspond, for example, to the pins 2 and 3 .
- the lines 148 and 154 are connected to the pins 1 and 4 in the connection 152 .
- the lines 148 and a line 150 are lines which correspond to a main voltage input, such as the main voltage input 118 in FIG. 1 .
- the main voltage input 118 is connected to an external power source.
- the lines 148 and 154 are connected, enabling the lines 148 , 154 , and 150 to complete a circuit. This allows power to flow to the converter unit 102 using the lines 148 , 154 , and/or the lines 150 . As can be seen in FIG. 4 , power flowing through the lines 148 , 154 , and/or the lines 150 also reaches the terminal 106 through the inputs 138 , 140 , and/or the connection 142 . Furthermore, as seen in FIGS.
- the current flowing to the terminal 106 through the inputs 138 and 140 are monitored by diodes 164 , 166 , 168 , and 170 using the pins 6 and 7 and the signals Vusb 1 and Vusb 2 for the connection 142 .
- the pins 6 and/or 7 when disconnected from the relay 161 , they do not form a complete circuit for the battery 162 and no current flows to the battery 162 or the microprocessor 163 .
- the Vchg line connected to pin 7 is connected to a microprocessor 163 as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the microprocessor 163 can monitor an energy level of the battery 162 .
- the battery 162 can be, for example, a rechargeable battery, a supercap, a solar cell, renewable energy devices, and/or any other type of energy storage device.
- the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 can include, for example, the microprocessor 163 , while the battery 116 can correspond to the battery 162 .
- the microprocessor 163 can send information regarding the battery 162 to the microprocessor 156 .
- the microprocessor 163 can include, for example, information regarding the energy level of the battery 162 .
- the microprocessor 156 can instruct the microprocessor 160 to disconnect the pins 6 and 7 .
- the battery 162 will not be charged.
- the microprocessor 156 can instruct the microprocessor 160 to connect the pins 6 and 7 in the relay 161 and the line Vchg and the line to the battery 162 .
- the pin 8 can also be disconnected.
- the microprocessor 160 can also instruct the microprocessor 160 to connect the pins 2 and 3 and the lines 148 and the lines 154 enabling the power to flow from the external power source to the converter unit 102 and the battery 162 .
- the present invention is a process as seen in FIG. 8 .
- Step S 802 detection of whether a terminal 106 adaptor is electrically connected to a converter unit is performed.
- the load monitor circuit 110 can detect whether the terminal 106 is connected to the converter unit 102 .
- Step S 804 a voltage of the terminal 106 is detected.
- the microcontroller 108 detects a voltage of the terminal 106 .
- Step S 806 a charge time of the terminal 106 is detected.
- the microcontroller 108 can detected the charge time using the load monitor circuit 110 .
- the converter unit 102 can also include optional reset switches. Furthermore, additional optional components are also shown in FIGS. 4-7 , which can be removed or substituted for different components. Also, additional components may also be added to the converter unit 102 .
- Step S 808 a power disablement condition is detected.
- the microcontroller 108 can detect and determine whether the power disablement condition has occurred or not.
- Step S 810 reception of power from an external power source is disabled when the power disablement condition is detected.
- the microcontroller 108 instructs the latched relay 112 to disconnect the switch 119 .
- Step S 812 the supply of power to the terminal 106 is disabled. For example, by disconnecting the switch 119 , the converter unit 102 does not receive power and thus no power is supplied to the terminal 106 .
- Step S 814 a power enablement condition is detected.
- the microcontroller 108 can detect the power enablement condition.
- Step S 816 when the power enablement condition is detected, reception of power from an external source is enabled.
- the microcontroller 108 instructs the latched relay 112 to connect the switch 119 .
- Step S 818 when the power enablement condition is detected, supply of power to the terminal 106 is enabled. For example, when the switch 119 is connected, power flows from the external power source to the converter unit 102 and from the converter unit 102 to the terminal 106 .
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
- a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
- a software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
- An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
- the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
- the processor and the storage medium may reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
- the ASIC may reside in a wireless modem.
- the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in the wireless modem.
Abstract
A battery charger including a converter unit, a terminal adaptor, a cable, a battery, and/or multiple power connectors. A terminal, such as an electronic device, can be connected to the converter unit using the cable or directly to the converter unit without the cable. The converter unit determines when to draw power from an external power and when to cease drawing power from the external power source by detecting a power enablement condition or a power disablement condition. The power disablement condition occurs when the terminal is fully charged, the terminal is disconnected from the converter unit, and/or a charge time of the terminal exceeds the predetermined charge time threshold. The power enablement condition occurs when the terminal is initially connected to the converter unit and/or the terminal needs to be charged. The battery supplies power to components of the converter unit and/or the terminal.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for optimizing the operational and down time of chargers or power supplies.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- A conventional battery charger has one end connected to a power source and another end connected to an electronic device. The conventional battery charger draws power from the power source to supply to the electronic device. However, the conventional battery charger can draw power from the power source even when the electronic device is disconnected, or fully charged. In some situations, the excess consumption can be, for example, 15 mW or more. With the millions of power adapters in use today, this translates into a large amount of wasted energy and a negative effect on the environment.
- Thus, there is a need for a method and apparatus for optimizing the operational and down time of chargers or power supplies.
- In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method and apparatus for optimizing the operational and down time of chargers or power supplies. A battery charger includes a converter unit and a cable. A terminal, such as an electronic device, can be connected to the converter unit using the cable or directly to the converter unit without the cable. The converter unit can determine when to draw power from an external power source and when to cease drawing power from the external power source by detecting a power enablement condition or a power disablement condition.
- The power disablement condition can occur, for example, when the terminal is fully charged, the terminal is disconnected from the converter unit, and/or a charge time of the terminal exceeds the predetermined charge time threshold. This reduces an amount of power drawn by the battery charger when it would not be productive to be drawing power from the external power source. The converter unit can also periodically wake-up to monitor the terminal to determine whether the power disablement condition still exists. The power enablement condition can occur, for example, when the terminal is initially connected to the converter unit and/or the terminal needs to be charged. This allows the terminal to still be appropriately charged even when conserving energy.
- The converter unit can also include a battery to supply power to components of the converter unit and/or the terminal when the converter unit ceases drawing power from the external power source. Thus, a monitoring function in the battery charger can remain functional even when it does not receive power from the external power source. Furthermore, the converter unit can also include a power input including multiple power connectors. This allows the power connector to receive power from a variety of power sources.
- In one embodiment, the present invention includes an electric charge cutoff device including a terminal adapter connectable to a terminal, a cable connected to the terminal adapter, a power connector for receiving power from a power source, and a sensor circuit electrically coupled between the power source and the cable. The sensor circuit connects the cable to the power connector when a change in capacitance is detected from the cable or the terminal adapter is connected to the terminal. The sensor circuit can also optionally disconnect the cable from the power connector when no capacitance has been detected from the cable.
- In another embodiment, the present invention is a battery charger including a converter unit connectable to a terminal and an external power source, wherein the converter unit disables reception of power from the external power source and disables a supply of power to the terminal when the converter unit detects a power disablement condition.
- In yet another embodiment, the present invention is a battery charger including a latched relay connectable to an external power source, wherein the latched relay disables reception of power from the external power supply when a power disablement condition occurs and enables reception of power from the external power supply when a power enablement condition occurs, and a load monitor circuit connectable to a terminal, the load monitor circuit detecting when the load monitor circuit is electrically connected to the terminal and supplying power to the terminal when the power enablement condition occurs.
- In still another embodiment, the present invention is a method for charging a battery including detecting when a terminal is connected to a converter unit, detecting a power disablement condition, disabling reception of power from an external power source when the power disablement condition is detected, and disabling a supply of power to the terminal when the power disablement condition is detected.
- The features, obstacles, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery charger according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a battery charger according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a sliced view of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a portion of a converter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a process according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Apparatus, systems and methods that implement the embodiments of the various features of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings and the associated descriptions are provided to illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, reference numbers are re-used to indicate correspondence between referenced elements.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of abattery charger 100, whileFIG. 2 is a perspective view of the battery charger. Thebattery charger 100 includes, for example, aconverter unit 102, acable 104, aterminal 106, and/or amain voltage input 118. - The
terminal 106 is connected to thecable 104 and can be an electronic device. Theterminal 106 can be, for example, a music player, a cell phone, a laptop, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a camera, or any other type of electronic device which includes a rechargeable battery. In one embodiment, theconverter unit 102 transmits power from thecable 104 to charge theterminal 106. - The
cable 104 is connected to theconverter unit 102 and theterminal 106. Thecable 104 transmits power and/or information between theconverter unit 102 and theterminal 106. Thecable 104 can be any type of cable that can transmit power and/or information between theconverter unit 102 and theterminal 106. Theterminal 106 can be connected to thecable 104 using a terminal adapter 107 (FIG. 2 ). The terminal adapter 107 can be, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) adapter, an IEEE 1394 interface, a proprietary adapter specific to a terminal, or any other type of adaptor that can be used to charge the rechargeable battery in the terminal. -
FIG. 3 depicts thecable 104 at a plane perpendicular to an axial direction of thecable 104. As seen inFIG. 3 , thecable 104 includes anouter shell 132 and aconductive material 134. Theouter shell 132 can be formed, in part, from an insulating material such as plastic or rubber or any other type of insulating material. Theconductive material 134 can be, for example, a copper based wire or any other type of conductive material. Theconductive material 134 can transmit the power and/or information between the convertunit 102 and theterminal 106, while theouter shell 132 can insulate theconductive material 134 from outside elements. - The
cable 104 can also have a capacitance, which will increase, for example, when a user touches or is touching thecable 104. The capacitance can be, for example, a capacitance of theouter shell 132. Thus, if a user touches theouter shell 132, for example, with two fingers, the capacitance of theouter shell 132 can increase. When the user touches theouter shell 132, a small current can flow through the user, increasing the capacitance of theouter shell 132. The capacitance of thecable 104 can be used, for example, to determine whether the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102, which will be described later. AlthoughFIG. 1 andFIG. 2 depict the use of thecable 104, the terminal 106 can also connect directly to theconverter unit 102. - The
main voltage input 118 is connected to theconverter unit 102 and is connectable to an external power source. Themain voltage input 118 can be, for example, a variety of power inputs such as a DC plug 118 a and/or anAC plug 118 b. Themain voltage input 118 can be connected to an external power source and draw power from the external power source. Themain voltage input 118 can also be any type of power connector that can receive power from the external power source. For example, the DC plug 118 a can be connected to a DC outlet, such as a 12 V DC outlet, in an automobile. The AC plug 118 b, for example, can be connected to an electrical socket, such as a 110 V or 120 V socket, in a conventional house. Although themain voltage input 118 includes the AC plug 118 a and the DC plug 118 b, themain voltage input 118 can include any number of power connectors. - The DC plug 118 a and the
AC plug 118 b can also be placed in various positions depending on whether each of the components is in a storage mode or an active mode. This allows for the compact storage of thebattery charger 100 when not in use, but allows thebattery charger 100 to retain its functionality when it is ready for use. - The DC plug 118 a can remain in a first position, such as a stored position, when the DC plug 118 a is not in use and in a storage mode. The DC plug 118 a can rotate in a
direction 126 to a second position, such as an active position, when ready for use and in the active mode. Likewise, theAC plug 118 b can remain in a first position, such as a stored position, when not in use and in a storage mode. The AC plug 118 b can, for example, rotate in adirection 124 to a second position, such as an active position, when ready for use and in the active mode. - The
converter unit 102 is connected to thecable 104 and/or the terminal 106. Theconverter unit 102 can also be directly connected to the terminal 106 without thecable 104. As seen inFIG. 1 , theconverter unit 102 includes amicrocontroller 108, aload monitor circuit 110, a latchedrelay 112, a battery monitor and charging circuit 114, abattery 116, and apower supply 120. - The
load monitor circuit 110 is connectable to the terminal 106 either directly or through thecable 104. Theload monitor circuit 110 is also electrically connected to themicrocontroller 108, and/or thepower supply 120. Theload monitor circuit 110 can include a sensor. The sensor can detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to theconverter unit 102. For example, the sensor can detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to theload monitor circuit 110. - In one embodiment, to detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the
battery charger 100, the sensor detects a capacitance of the terminal 106. For example, when a mobile phone is connected to the load monitor circuit, there will be an increase in capacitance. - In another embodiment, the sensor can detect whether the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the
load monitor circuit 110 by detecting a capacitance increase in thecable 104. The capacitance increase can be caused, for example, by a user touching thecable 104. When the user touches thecable 104, it is likely that the user is connecting the terminal 106 to thebattery charger 100 through, for example, thecable 104. This can indicate that the terminal 106 will be electrically connected to theload monitor circuit 110. - The
power supply 120 is connected to themain voltage input 118 and/or theload monitor circuit 110. Thepower supply 120 is connected to themain voltage input 118 through aswitch 119. Theswitch 119 can be connected or disconnected. When theswitch 119 is disconnected, no power flows from themain voltage input 118 to thepower supply 120. When theswitch 119 is connected, power flows from themain voltage input 118 to thepower supply 120. Thepower supply 120 can supply power to theload monitor circuit 110 and/or the terminal 106 when theswitch 119 is connected. - The
battery 116 is electrically connected to the latchedrelay 112, themicrocontroller 118, and/or thepower supply 120. Thebattery 116 can also be electrically connected to the terminal 106, for example, through themicrocontroller 108 and/or thepower supply 120. Thebattery 116 can supply power to themicrocontroller 108 and/or the terminal 106. - The
battery 116 can be charged by the external power source when theswitch 119 is connected and when the latchedrelay 112 enables power to flow to thebattery 116. When theswitch 119 is disconnected, and/or the latchedrelay 112 disables power from flowing to thebattery 116, thebattery 116 does not receive power from the external power source. Thebattery 116 can include, for example, arechargeable battery 176, a super capacitor (“supercap”) 178, and/or asolar cell 180. Thebattery 116 can also include any other type of energy storage or renewable energy device which can be used to power themicrocontroller 108 and/or the terminal 106. In one embodiment, thebattery 116 can have an unlimited shelf life. Thus, thebattery 116 can operate and hold for the life of thebattery charger 100. Therefore, thebattery 116 does not need to be replaced. - The battery monitor and charging circuit 114 is electrically connected to the latched
relay 112, themicrocontroller 108, and/or thebattery 116. The battery monitor and charging circuit 114 can monitor an energy level of thebattery 116. - The latched
relay 112 is electrically connected to theswitch 119, thebattery 116, and/or the battery monitor and charging circuit 114. In one embodiment, theswitch 119 can be part of the latchedrelay 112. The latchedrelay 112 can connect or disconnect theswitch 119. When theswitch 119 is disconnected, no power flows from the external power source through themain voltage input 118 to thepower supply 120. When theswitch 119 is connected, power can flow from the external power source through themain voltage input 118 to thepower supply 120. - In one embodiment, when the
switch 119 is disconnected, the terminal 106 is not charged. This is beneficial, for example, when the terminal 106 is already fully charged. In such a case, energy is prevented from being wasted by discontinuing the current flow from the external power source. Theswitch 119 can be positioned, for example, between the main voltage input and any component that creates a loading, such as thepower supply 120. This allows theswitch 119 to discontinue the current flow from the external power source to the terminal 106. - The latched
relay 112 is electrically connected to themain voltage input 118, thepower supply 120, thebattery 116, the battery monitor and charging circuit 114, and/or themicrocontroller 108. The latchedrelay 112 is also electrically connected to theswitch 119. The latchedrelay 112 can connect or disconnect theswitch 119 based on instructions from themicrocontroller 108. The latchedrelay 112 can also enable or disable the supply of power to thebattery 116 based on the instructions of themicrocontroller 108. - The
microcontroller 108 is electrically connected to theload monitor circuit 110, the battery monitor and charging circuit 114, the latchedrelay 112, and/or thebattery 116. Themicrocontroller 108 can receive power from the external power source and/or thebattery 116. For example, when theswitch 119 is disconnected and theconverter unit 100 does not receive power from the external power source, thebattery 116 can supply power to themicrocontroller 108. This allows themicrocontroller 108 to operate even when the external power source is not supplying power to theconverter unit 100. Themicrocontroller 108 receives information regarding the energy level of thebattery 116 from the battery monitor and charging circuit 114. When the energy level of thebattery 116 is below a predetermined energy level threshold, thebattery 116 instructs the latchedrelay 112 to supply power to thebattery 116. This guarantees that themicrocontroller 108 will always have enough power to operate, even when theconverter unit 102 is conserving energy by not drawing power from the external power source. - The
microcontroller 108 can also detect a power disablement condition and a power enablement condition. During a power disablement condition, themicrocontroller 108 instructs the latchedrelay 112 to disconnect theswitch 119. By disconnecting theswitch 119, power does not flow from themain voltage input 118 to thepower supply 120, and theconverter unit 102 ceases drawing power from the external power supply. This saves power since much of the power that is drawn by a battery charger during a power disablement condition is wasted. - The power disablement condition can be, for example, when the terminal 106 is electrically connected to the
converter unit 102 and is fully charged. Thus, themicrocontroller 108 can receive a signal from theload monitor circuit 110 indicating that the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102. Themicrocontroller 108 can then detect a voltage and/or current of the terminal 106. - In one embodiment, when the voltage of the terminal 106 exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold, then the terminal 106 is fully charged. For example, if the voltage of the terminal 106 is 21 volts, and the predetermined voltage threshold is 20 volts, then the terminal 106 is fully charged. In another embodiment, when the current of the terminal 106 is below a predetermined current threshold, then the terminal 106 is fully charged. For example, if the current of the terminal 106 is 50 mA and the predetermined current threshold is 60 mA, then the terminal 106 is fully charged.
- When the power disablement condition is detected, the
microcontroller 108 instructs the latchedrelay 112 to disconnect theswitch 119. Once theswitch 119 is disconnected, theconverter unit 102 ceases drawing power from the external power source, reducing energy consumption. Thus, thebattery charger 100 does not draw power from the external power source, even when thebattery charger 100 is connected to the external power source. However, if the voltage of the terminal 106 is 18 volts, and/or the current of the terminal 106 is 70 mA, then the terminal 106 is not fully charged, and there is no power disablement condition. - The power disablement condition can also be, for example, when a charge time of the terminal 106 exceeds a predetermined charge time threshold. The
microcontroller 108 can also determine that the terminal 106 is fully charged based on the charge time. In one embodiment, the charge time can begin, for example, when the terminal 106 is initially connected to theconverter unit 102. In another embodiment, the charge time can begin when the voltage of the terminal 106 remains stagnant for a predetermined period of time. By remaining stagnant for a predetermined period of time, the terminal 106 may be fully charged, even if the voltage does not exceed the predetermined voltage threshold. When the charge time begins, however, can be appropriately determined based on the terminal 106 or any other criteria. Once the charge time exceeds the predetermined charge time threshold, themicrocontroller 108 instructs the latchedrelay 112 to disconnect theswitch 119. This enables power conservation by preventing theconverter unit 102 from drawing power when the terminal 106 is already full, nearly full, or has already been charged for an appropriate amount of time. Thus, even if thebattery charger 100 is connected to the external power source, it does not draw power from the external power source. - The power disablement condition can also be, for example, when the terminal 106 is disconnected from the
converter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100. Thus, when theload monitor circuit 110 sends a signal to themicrocontroller 108 that the terminal 106 is disconnected from theconverter unit 102, themicrocontroller 108 sends a signal to the latchedrelay 112 to disconnect theswitch 119. This disables power reception by thebattery charger 100 from the external power source even if thebattery charger 100 is connected to the external power source. - In power disablement situations, power consumption by the
converter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100 does not perform any meaningful function, such as by charging a terminal 106, since the terminal 106 is already fully charged or disconnected from theconverter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100. Thus, by ceasing drawing power from the external power source in power disablement situations, power consumption of theconverter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100 can be reduced and efficiency of theconverter unit 102 can be increased. For example, the user may not notice that the terminal 106 is fully charged. This is especially prevalent where the user is, for example, charging the terminal 106 overnight while the user is sleeping. - The power enablement condition can be, for example, when the terminal 106 is initially connected to the
converter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100. During the power enablement condition, themicrocontroller 108 sends the signal to the latchedrelay 112 that theswitch 119 should be connected. This can, for example, allow theconverter unit 102 to draw power from the external power source and to charge theterminal 106. - In one embodiment, the power enablement condition can last for a predetermined time period even when the power disablement condition occurs. For example, if the electronic charger is fully charged when initially connected to the
battery charger 100, thebattery charger 100 can still enable power from the external power source for the predetermined time period. During the predetermined time period, themicrocontroller 108 can, for example, determine whether the terminal 106 is full. In another embodiment, during the predetermined time period, themicrocontroller 108 can determine if the disablement condition occurs and proceed with actions associated with the disablement condition after the predetermined time period has elapsed. - In another embodiment, the
converter unit 102 can periodically wake up from the power disablement condition to monitor the terminal 106. Theconverter unit 102 can determine whether the power disablement condition still exists and whether to continue disabling power reception from an external power source or disabling the supply of power to the terminal 106. For example, the power enablement condition can occur when the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102 and the power disablement time exceeds a predetermined power disablement time threshold. The power disablement time can commence when the power disablement condition is detected. For example, when themicrocontroller 108 determines that the power disablement condition occurs, the power disablement time begins. The power disablement time can be reset when the power enablement condition exists and/or theconverter unit 102 wakes up. - By ensuring that the power disablement time does not exceed the predetermined power disablement time threshold, the
converter unit 102 can periodically monitor the charge status of the terminal 106. This prevents the terminal 106 from being fully charged, having the charging of the terminal 106 be disabled, and then having the terminal 106 be drained of its charge. - By detecting power enablement conditions, the
converter unit 102 can anticipate when power consumption is necessary and/or will perform a meaningful function. This can reduce any inconvenience or impact for a user through the power consumption saving function of thebattery charger 100. - As seen in
FIG. 2 , theconverter unit 102 can also include aterminal input 121, ashell 128, and anindicator 130. Thecable 104 can be connected, for example, to theterminal input 121. Theterminal input 121 can be, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) input, an IEEE 1394 interface, a proprietary input specific to a terminal, or any other type of input that can be used to charge the rechargeable battery in the terminal and/or communicate with theconverter unit 102. Theshell 128 can be, for example, a housing which can house the components of theconverter unit 102. Theshell 128 can be formed from plastic, polymers, insulators, or any other type of material which can protect the components of theconverter unit 102. - The
indicator 130 can be an indicator regarding thebattery charger 100. Theindicator 130 can indicate, for example, whether theconverter unit 102 is drawing power from the external power source, whether theconverter unit 102 is supplying power to the terminal 106, the charge of thebattery 116, or any other type of information that may be useful to a user with regards to power consumption of thebattery charger 102. Theindicator 130 can be, for example, a light indicator. Theindicator 130 can receive power from thebattery 116 and/or the external power source through thepower switching unit 112, the power circuit 114, and/or thepower input 118. - In one embodiment, the
indicator 130 can display a first indication when theconverter unit 102 is drawing power from the external power source and/or supplying the power to the terminal 106. The first indication can be, for example, a first color. Theindicator 130 can display a second indication when theconverter unit 102 is not drawing power from the external power source and/or not supplying power to the terminal 106. The second indication can be, for example, a second color or no indication at all. Theindicator 130 can display a third indication when theconverter unit 102 is not drawing power from the external power source, but is supplying power to the terminal 106. The third indication can be, for example, a third color or no indication at all. - Circuit diagrams of the
converter unit 102 according to an embodiment of the present invention can be seen, for example, inFIGS. 4-7 . As seen inFIG. 4 , the terminal 106 can be connected to an input 138 or aninput 140. The input 138 and theinput 140 can be, for example, an input where the terminal 106 is connected to thebattery charger 100 and/or theconverter unit 102. For example, thecable 104 can be plugged into the input 138 and/or theinput 140. Theinputs 138 and 140 can be connected topins connection 142 through thelines inputs 138 and 140 can be connected to thepins connection 142 through the lines 172 and 174, respectively. - As seen in
FIG. 5 , thepins connection 142 can be used by asensor 149 to detect whether the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102 or not. Thesensor 149 can detect, for example, a capacitance of the terminal 106 using thepins sensor 149 can also detect, for example, a capacitance of thecable 104 using thepins FIG. 1 ) can include, for example, thesensor 149. - As seen in
FIGS. 5 and 6 , thesensor 149 can transmit information regarding the terminal 106 to amicroprocessor 156 using a voltage for microcontroller unit (“Vmcu”) signal, a wakeup signal, a serial data access (“SDA”) signal, and/or a serial clock line (“SCL”) signal. Themicrocontroller 108 inFIG. 1 can include and/or correspond, for example, to themicroprocessor 156. The information can include, for example, a capacitance of the terminal 106, a capacitance of thecable 104, whether the terminal 106 is connected, and/or whether thecable 104 has been touched. - As seen in
FIG. 6 , themicroprocessor 156 receives the Vmcu signal, the wakeup signal, the SDA signal, and/or the SCL signal, and determines whether the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100. Referring toFIGS. 4 and 6 , if the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102 and/or thebattery charger 100, themicroprocessor 156 detects a voltage and/or current of the terminal 106 using thepins connection 142. As previously noted, thepins inputs 138 and 140, which are connected to the terminal 106. Thepins microprocessor 156 can also determine the charge time of the terminal 106, and whether the charge time exceeds the predetermined charge time threshold. Themicroprocessor 156 can then determine whether a power enablement condition or a power disablement condition has occurred. - As seen in
FIGS. 6 and 7 , themicroprocessor 156 can send instructions, for example, to amicroprocessor 160 using a LED1 signal and/or a LED2 signal based on whether the power enablement condition or the power disablement condition has occurred. Based on the instructions from themicroprocessor 156, themicroprocessor 160 can connect or disconnect pins in arelay 161. The latchedrelay 112 inFIG. 1 can include, for example, themicroprocessor 160 and/or therelay 161. In one embodiment, when thepins relay 161 are disconnected, thelines lines pins switch 119 can correspond, for example, to thepins - As seen in
FIGS. 4 and 7 , thelines pins connection 152. In one embodiment, thelines 148 and aline 150 are lines which correspond to a main voltage input, such as themain voltage input 118 inFIG. 1 . As previously noted, themain voltage input 118 is connected to an external power source. When thelines line 150 either since theline 150 requires current to flow through thelines converter unit 102 and thebattery charger 100 does not draw power from the external power source. - During the power enablement condition, the
lines lines converter unit 102 using thelines lines 150. As can be seen inFIG. 4 , power flowing through thelines lines 150 also reaches the terminal 106 through theinputs 138, 140, and/or theconnection 142. Furthermore, as seen in FIGS. 4 and 6, the current flowing to the terminal 106 through theinputs 138 and 140 are monitored bydiodes pins connection 142. - Referring back to
FIG. 7 , when thepins 6 and/or 7 are disconnected from therelay 161, they do not form a complete circuit for thebattery 162 and no current flows to thebattery 162 or themicroprocessor 163. The Vchg line connected to pin 7 is connected to amicroprocessor 163 as shown inFIG. 6 . Themicroprocessor 163 can monitor an energy level of thebattery 162. Thebattery 162 can be, for example, a rechargeable battery, a supercap, a solar cell, renewable energy devices, and/or any other type of energy storage device. InFIG. 1 , the battery monitor and charging circuit 114 can include, for example, themicroprocessor 163, while thebattery 116 can correspond to thebattery 162. - As seen in
FIG. 6 , themicroprocessor 163 can send information regarding thebattery 162 to themicroprocessor 156. Themicroprocessor 163 can include, for example, information regarding the energy level of thebattery 162. When the energy level of thebattery 162 is above a predetermined energy threshold, themicroprocessor 156 can instruct themicroprocessor 160 to disconnect thepins battery 162 will not be charged. - However, when the energy level of the
battery 162 is below a predetermined energy threshold, themicroprocessor 156 can instruct themicroprocessor 160 to connect thepins relay 161 and the line Vchg and the line to thebattery 162. In one embodiment, thepin 8 can also be disconnected. Themicroprocessor 160 can also instruct themicroprocessor 160 to connect thepins lines 148 and thelines 154 enabling the power to flow from the external power source to theconverter unit 102 and thebattery 162. - In one embodiment, the present invention is a process as seen in
FIG. 8 . In Step S802 detection of whether a terminal 106 adaptor is electrically connected to a converter unit is performed. For example, theload monitor circuit 110 can detect whether the terminal 106 is connected to theconverter unit 102. In Step S804, a voltage of the terminal 106 is detected. For example, themicrocontroller 108 detects a voltage of the terminal 106. In Step S806, a charge time of the terminal 106 is detected. For example, themicrocontroller 108 can detected the charge time using theload monitor circuit 110. - As seen in
FIGS. 6 and 7 , theconverter unit 102 can also include optional reset switches. Furthermore, additional optional components are also shown inFIGS. 4-7 , which can be removed or substituted for different components. Also, additional components may also be added to theconverter unit 102. - In Step S808, a power disablement condition is detected. For example, the
microcontroller 108 can detect and determine whether the power disablement condition has occurred or not. In Step S810, reception of power from an external power source is disabled when the power disablement condition is detected. For example, when the power disablement condition is detected, themicrocontroller 108 instructs the latchedrelay 112 to disconnect theswitch 119. In Step S812, the supply of power to the terminal 106 is disabled. For example, by disconnecting theswitch 119, theconverter unit 102 does not receive power and thus no power is supplied to the terminal 106. - In Step S814, a power enablement condition is detected. For example, the
microcontroller 108 can detect the power enablement condition. In Step S816 when the power enablement condition is detected, reception of power from an external source is enabled. For example, when the power enablement condition is detected by themicrocontroller 108, themicrocontroller 108 instructs the latchedrelay 112 to connect theswitch 119. In Step S818, when the power enablement condition is detected, supply of power to the terminal 106 is enabled. For example, when theswitch 119 is connected, power flows from the external power source to theconverter unit 102 and from theconverter unit 102 to the terminal 106. - The various illustrative logical blocks, units, modules, and circuits described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
- The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the examples disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. Furthermore the method and/or algorithm need not be performed in the exact order described, but instead may be varied. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may reside in a wireless modem. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in the wireless modem.
- The previous description of the disclosed examples is provided to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosed methods and apparatus. Various modifications to these examples will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed method and apparatus. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive and the scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (34)
1. An electric charge cutoff device comprising:
a terminal adapter connectable to a terminal;
a cable connected to the terminal adapter;
a power connector for receiving power from a power source; and
a sensor circuit electrically coupled between the power source and the cable, the sensor circuit connecting the cable to the power connector when a capacitance is detected from the cable or the terminal, or the terminal adapter is connected to the terminal, and disconnecting the cable from the power connector when no capacitance has been detected from the cable.
2. The device of claim 1 further comprising a rechargeable battery coupled to the sensor circuit for providing power to the sensor circuit when the power connector is not receiving power from the power source.
3. The device of claim 1 further comprising a renewable energy source coupled to the sensor circuit for providing power to the sensor circuit.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the power connector is an AC plug or a DC plug.
5. A battery charger comprising:
a converter unit connectable to a terminal and an external power source, wherein the converter unit disables reception of power from the external power source and disables supply of power to the terminal when the converter unit detects a power disablement condition.
6. The battery charger of claim 5 wherein the power disablement condition occurs when the terminal is disconnected from the converter unit.
7. The battery charger of claim 5 wherein the converter unit detects a voltage of the terminal and the power disablement condition occurs when the voltage of the terminal exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold.
8. The battery charger of claim 5 wherein the converter unit detects a current of the terminal and the power disablement condition occurs when the current of the terminal is below a predetermined current threshold.
9. The battery charger of claim 5 wherein the converter unit detects a charge time of the terminal and the power disablement condition occurs when the charge time exceeds a predetermined charge time threshold.
10. The battery charger of claim 5 wherein the converter unit enables reception of power from the external power source and supplies power to the terminal when a power enablement condition occurs.
11. The battery charger of claim 10 further comprising a cable connected between the terminal and the converter unit, wherein the power enablement condition occurs when a capacitance of the cable increases, or the terminal is initially connected to the converter unit.
12. The battery charger of claim 10 wherein the converter unit includes a battery and the power enablement condition occurs when the battery is below a predetermined energy level.
13. The battery charger of claim 5 wherein when the terminal is connected to the converter unit and a power disablement time exceeds a predetermined power disablement time threshold, the converter unit enables reception of power from the external power source and monitors the terminal for the power disablement condition.
14. A battery charger comprising:
a latched relay connectable to an external power source, wherein the latched relay disables reception of power from the external power supply when a power disablement condition occurs and enables reception of power from the external power supply when a power enablement condition occurs; and
a load monitor circuit connectable to a terminal, the load monitor circuit detecting when the load monitor circuit is electrically connected to the terminal and supplying power to the terminal when the power enablement condition occurs.
15. The battery charger of claim 14 wherein the load monitor circuit detects a capacitance of the terminal to determine when the terminal adapter is connected to the load monitor circuit.
16. The battery charger of claim 15 further comprising a microcontroller electrically connected to the load monitor circuit and the latched relay, the microcontroller detecting the power disablement condition and the power enablement condition.
17. The battery charger of claim 16 wherein the power disablement condition occurs when the terminal is disconnected from the converter unit.
18. The battery charger of claim 16 wherein microcontroller detects a voltage of the terminal and the power disablement condition occurs when the voltage of the terminal exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold.
19. The battery charger of claim 16 wherein microcontroller detects a current of the terminal and the power disablement condition occurs when the current of the terminal is below a predetermined current threshold.
20. The battery charger of claim 16 wherein the microcontroller detects a charge time of the terminal and the power disablement condition occurs when the charge time exceeds a predetermined charge time threshold.
21. The battery charger of claim 16 wherein when the terminal is connected to the converter unit and a power disablement time exceeds a predetermined power disablement time threshold, the converter unit enables reception of power from the external power source and monitors the terminal for the power disablement condition.
22. The battery charger of claim 16 further comprising a battery, the battery electrically connected to the microcontroller and the latched relay, the battery supplying power to the microcontroller.
23. The battery charger of claim 21 further comprising a battery monitor electrically connected to the battery and the microcontroller, the battery monitor determining a charge level of the battery.
24. The battery charger of claim 21 wherein the battery supplies power to the terminal when the latched relay is disconnected from the external power source and the terminal is connected to the load monitor circuit.
25. A method for charging a battery comprising:
detecting when a terminal is connected to a converter unit;
detecting a power disablement condition;
disabling reception of power from an external power source when the power disablement condition is detected; and
disabling supply of power to the terminal when the power disablement condition is detected.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the power disablement condition occurs when the terminal is disconnected from the converter unit.
27. The method of claim 25 further comprising detecting a voltage of the terminal, wherein the power disablement condition occurs when the voltage of the terminal exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold.
28. The method of claim 25 further comprising detecting a current of the terminal, wherein the power disablement condition occurs when the current of the terminal is below a predetermined current threshold.
29. The method of claim 25 further comprising detecting a charge time of the terminal, wherein the power disablement condition occurs when the charge time exceeds a predetermined charge time threshold.
30. The method of claim 25 further comprising:
detecting a power enablement condition; and
enabling reception of power from the external power source when the power enablement condition is detected.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising enabling supply of power to the terminal when the power enablement condition is detected.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the power enablement condition occurs when a capacitance of a cable increases or the terminal is initially connected to the converter unit.
33. The method of claim 32 wherein the power enablement condition occurs when a battery in the converter unit is below a predetermined energy level.
34. The method of claim 25 further comprising enabling reception of power from the external power source when the terminal is connected to converter unit and a power disablement time exceeds a predetermined power disablement time threshold.
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PCT/US2010/042937 WO2011056271A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2010-07-22 | Method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner |
US13/649,004 US8653789B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2012-10-10 | Method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner |
US14/182,127 US8836282B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-02-17 | Method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner |
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US14/182,127 Active US8836282B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-02-17 | Method and apparatus for recharging batteries in a more efficient manner |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8653789B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
EP2494675A1 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
EP2494675A4 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
US20140159649A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
US8836282B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
WO2011056271A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
US20130038275A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
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