US20110142919A1 - Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Inducing Immunogens for Prevention, Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer - Google Patents

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Inducing Immunogens for Prevention, Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer Download PDF

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US20110142919A1
US20110142919A1 US13/030,563 US201113030563A US2011142919A1 US 20110142919 A1 US20110142919 A1 US 20110142919A1 US 201113030563 A US201113030563 A US 201113030563A US 2011142919 A1 US2011142919 A1 US 2011142919A1
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protein
amino acid
peptide
peptides
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Venky Ramakrishna
Mark M. Ross
Ramila Philip
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Immunotope Inc
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Immunotope Inc
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of immunogens whose structures incorporate polypeptides comprising epitopic peptides derived from proteins expressed by cancer cells and to uses of said immunogens in eliciting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer, preferably carcinoma, most preferably ovarian carcinoma.
  • CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  • T cells The mammalian immune system has evolved a variety of mechanisms to protect the host from cancerous cells, an important component of this response being mediated by cells referred to as T cells.
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are specialized T cells that function primarily by recognizing and killing cancerous cells or infected cells, but also by secreting soluble molecules referred to as cytokines that can mediate a variety of effects on the immune system.
  • MHC-peptide complex which is located on the surface of the cancerous cell.
  • MHC (major histocompatibility-complex)-encoded molecules have been subdivided into two types, and are referred to as class I and class II MHC-encoded molecules.
  • MHC molecules are referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA).
  • HLA human leukocyte antigens
  • the genes that can be encoded at each of these loci are extremely polymorphic, and thus, different individuals within the population express different class I MHC molecules on the surface of their cells.
  • HLA-A1, HLA-A2, HLA-A3, HLA-B7, and HLA-B8 are examples of different class I MHC molecules that can be expressed from these loci.
  • the present disclosure involves peptides that are associated with the HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11 molecules, HLA-A1 supertypes, HLA-A2 supertypes, and HLA-A11 supertypes and with the gene and protein that gives rise to these peptides.
  • a supertype is a group of HLA molecules that present at least one shared epitope.
  • the peptides that associate with the MHC molecules can either be derived from proteins made within the cell, in which case they typically associate with class I MHC molecules (Rock, K. L. and Golde, U., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 17:739-779, (1999)) or they can be derived from proteins that are acquired from outside of the cell, in which case they typically associate with class II MHC molecules (Watts, C., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 15:821-850, (1997)). Peptides that evoke a cancer-specific CTL response most typically associate with class I MHC molecules.
  • the peptides that associate with a class I MHC molecule are typically nine amino acids in length, but can vary from a minimum length of eight amino acids to a maximum of fourteen amino acids in length.
  • a class I MHC molecule with its bound peptide, or a class II MHC molecule with its bound peptide, is referred to as an MHC-peptide complex.
  • antigen processing The process by which intact proteins are degraded into peptides is referred to as antigen processing.
  • Two major pathways of antigen processing occur within cells (Rock, K. L. and Golde, U., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 17:739-779, (1999); Watts, C., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 15:821-850, (1997)).
  • One pathway which is largely restricted to cells that are antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, degrades proteins that are typically phagocytosed or endocytosed into the cell. Peptides derived in this pathway typically bind to class II MHC molecules.
  • a second pathway of antigen processing is present in essentially all cells of the body.
  • This second pathway primarily degrades proteins that are made within the cells, and the peptides derived from this pathway primarily bind to class I MHC molecules. It is the peptides from this second pathway of antigen processing that are referred to herein. Antigen processing by this latter pathway involves polypeptide synthesis and proteolysis in the cytoplasm. The peptides produced are then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell, associate with newly synthesized class I MHC molecules, and the resulting MHC-peptide complexes are then transported to the cell surface. Peptides derived from membrane and secreted proteins have also been identified. In some cases these peptides correspond to the signal sequence of the proteins that are cleaved from the protein by the signal peptidase. In other cases, it is thought that some fraction of the membrane and secreted proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm where processing subsequently occurs.
  • the peptides are recognized by antigen-specific receptors on CTLs. Mere expression of the class I MHC molecule itself is insufficient to trigger the CTL to kill the target cell if the antigenic peptide is not bound to the class I MHC molecule.
  • CTLs Several methods have been developed to identify the peptides recognized by CTL, each method relying on the ability of a CTL to recognize and kill only those cells expressing the appropriate class I MHC molecule with the peptide bound to it (Rosenberg, S. A., Immunity, 10:281-287, (1999)).
  • Such peptides can be derived from a non-self source, such as a pathogen (for example, following the infection of a cell by a bacterium or a virus) or from a self-derived protein within a cell, such as a cancerous cell.
  • a pathogen for example, following the infection of a cell by a bacterium or a virus
  • a self-derived protein within a cell such as a cancerous cell.
  • Immunity 10:281-287, (1999) and include: (i) mutated genes; (ii) aberrantly expressed genes such as an alternative open reading frame or through an intron-exon boundary; (iii) normal genes that are selectively expressed in only the tumor and the testis; and (iv) normal differentiation genes that are expressed in the tumor and the normal cellular counterpart.
  • the genetic method is an approach in which progressively smaller subsets of cDNA libraries from tumor cells are transfected into cells that express the appropriate MHC molecule but not the tumor-specific epitope.
  • the molecular clones encoding T cell epitopes are identified by their ability to reconstitute tumor specific T cell recognition of transfected cells.
  • the exact T cell epitope is then identified by a combination of molecular subcloning and the use of synthetic peptides based on the predicted amino acid sequence.
  • Such methods are susceptible to inadvertent identification of cross-reacting peptides, and are not capable of identifying important post-translational modifications.
  • Motif analysis involves scanning a protein for peptides containing known class I MHC binding motifs, followed by synthesis and assay of the predicted peptides for their ability to be recognized by tumor-specific CTL. This approach requires prior knowledge of the protein from which the peptides are derived. This approach is also greatly hampered by the fact that not all of the predicted peptide epitopes are presented on the surface of a cell (Yewdell, J. W. and Bennink, J. R., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 17:51-88, (1999)), thus additional experimentation is required to determine which of the predicted epitopes is useful.
  • the SEREXTM approach relies on using antibodies in the serum of cancer patients to screen cDNA expression libraries for a clone that expresses a protein recognized by the antibody. This methodology presumes that an antibody response will necessarily have developed in the presence of a T cell response, and thus, the identified clone is good candidate to encode a protein that can be recognized by T cells.
  • DIRECTM involves a combination of cellular immunology and mass spectrometry.
  • This approach involves the actual identification of CTL epitopes by sequencing the naturally occurring peptides associated with class I MHC molecules.
  • cells are first lysed in a detergent solution, the peptides associated with the class I MHC molecules are purified, and the peptides fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peptides are then used to reconstitute recognition by tumor-specific CTLs on a non-tumor cell expressing the appropriate MHC molecules. Sequencing is readily performed by tandem mass spectrometry (Henderson, R. A. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
  • Immunization with cancer-derived, class I MHC-encoded molecule-associated peptides, or with a precursor polypeptide or protein that contains the peptide, or with a gene that encodes a polypeptide or protein containing the peptide, are forms of immunotherapy that can be employed in the treatment of cancer. These forms of immunotherapy require that immunogens be identified so that they can be formulated into an appropriate vaccine. Although a variety of cancer-derived antigens have been identified (Rosenberg, S. A., Immunity, 10:281-287, (1999)), not all of these are appropriate for broad-based immunotherapy as the expression of some peptides is limited to the tumor derived from a specific patient.
  • class I MHC molecules from which tumor-derived peptides have been discovered is largely restricted to HLA-A2.
  • Such peptides would be particularly useful in the treatment of cancer patients who do not express the HLA-A2 molecule, HLA-A1 or HLA-A11 antigens, HLA-A1 supertypes, HLA-A2 supertypes and HLA-A11 supertypes, for example. It is also particularly useful to identify antigenic peptides that are derived from different original proteins, even if the derived peptides associate with the same class I MHC molecule.
  • an active immune response can result in the outgrowth of tumor cells that have lost the expression of a particular precursor protein for a given antigenic peptide, it is advantageous to stimulate an immune response against peptides derived from more than one protein, as the chances of the tumor cell losing the expression of both proteins is the multiple of the chances of losing each of the individual proteins.
  • the present invention relates to Immunogens comprising polypeptides with amino acid sequences comprising epitopic sequences selected from the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 and which immunogens facilitate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against cancers.
  • CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  • the present invention also relates to nucleic acid molecules that encode for the polypeptides and/or the full length proteins from which the polypeptides are derived, of such immunogens, and which can also be used to facilitate an immune response against cancer.
  • compositions comprising the immunogen described herein, and polynucleotides that direct the synthesis of such polypeptides, whereby the oligopeptides and polypeptides of such immunogens are capable of inducing a CTL response against cells expressing a protein comprising an epitopic sequence of at least one of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • the cells are usually cancer cells, preferably carcinoma cells, most preferably ovarian carcinomas expressing such proteins.
  • the present invention further relates to polynucleotides comprising the gene coding for a polypeptide of the immunogens disclosed herein.
  • the present invention also provides methods that comprise contacting a lymphocyte, especially a CTL, with an immunogen of the invention under conditions that induce a CTL response against a tumor cell, and more specifically against a cancer cell.
  • the methods may involve contacting the CTL with the immunogenic peptide in vivo, in which case the peptides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides of the invention are used as vaccines, and will be delivered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and the immunogen, typically along with an adjuvant or one or more cytokines.
  • the immunogens of the present invention can be used to induce a CTL response in vitro.
  • the generated CTL can then be introduced into a patient with cancer, more specifically cancer, colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma.
  • cancer more specifically cancer, colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma.
  • the ability to generate CTL in vitro could serve as a diagnostic for cancer generally, including colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma.
  • peptide is used herein to designate a series of amino acid residues, connected one to the other typically by peptide bonds between the alpha-amino and carbonyl groups of the adjacent amino acids.
  • the peptides are typically 9 amino acids in length, but can be as short as 8 amino acids in length, and as long as 14 amino acids in length.
  • oligopeptide is used herein to designate a series of amino acid residues, connected one to the other typically by peptide bonds between the alpha-amino and carbonyl groups of the adjacent amino acids.
  • the length of the oligopeptide is not critical to the invention as long as the correct epitope or epitopes are maintained therein.
  • the oligopeptides are typically less than about 30 amino acid residues in length, and greater than about 14 amino acids in length.
  • polypeptide designates a series of amino acid residues, connected one to the other typically by peptide bonds between the alpha-amino and carbonyl groups of the adjacent amino acids.
  • the length of the polypeptide is not critical to the invention as long as the correct epitopes are maintained.
  • the term polypeptide is meant to refer to protein molecules of longer than about 30 residues in length.
  • a peptide, oligopeptide, protein, or polynucleotide coding for such a molecule is “immunogenic” (and thus an “immunogen” within the present invention) if it is capable of inducing an immune response.
  • immunogenicity is more specifically defined as the ability to induce a CTL-mediated response.
  • an “immunogen” would be a molecule that is capable of inducing an immune response, and in the case of the present invention, a molecule capable of inducing a CTL response.
  • a T cell “epitope” is a short peptide molecule that binds to a class I or II MHC molecule and that is subsequently recognized by a T cell.
  • T cell epitopes that bind to class I MHC molecules are typically 8-14 amino acids in length, and most typically 9 amino acids in length.
  • T cell epitopes that bind to class II MHC molecules are typically 12-20 amino acids in length.
  • the same T cell epitope may share a common core segment, but differ in the length of the carboxy- and amino-terminal flanking sequences due to the fact that ends of the peptide molecule are not buried in the structure of the class II MHC molecule peptide-binding cleft as they are in the class I MHC molecule peptide-binding cleft.
  • HLA-A There are three different genetic loci that encode for class I MHC molecules: HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C.
  • HLA-A1, HLA-A2, and HLA-A11 are examples of different class I MHC molecules that can be expressed from these loci.
  • the present invention also involves peptides that are associated with HLA-A1 supertypes, HLA-A2 supertypes, and HLA-A11 supertypes.
  • a supertype is a group of HLA molecules that present at least one shared epitope.
  • MHC molecule peptides that have been found to bind to one member of the MHC allele supertype family (A1 for example) are thought to be likely to bind to other members of the same supertype family (A32 for example; see Table 1, below.
  • reference to a DNA sequence includes both single stranded and double stranded DNA.
  • specific sequence unless the context indicates otherwise, refers to the single strand DNA of such sequence, the duplex of such sequence with its complement (double stranded DNA) and the complement of such sequence.
  • coding region refers to that portion of a gene which either naturally or normally codes for the expression product of that gene in its natural genomic environment, i.e., the region coding in vivo for the native expression product of the gene.
  • the coding region can be from a normal, mutated or altered gene, or can even be from a DNA sequence, or gene, wholly synthesized in the laboratory using methods well known to those of skill in the art of DNA synthesis.
  • nucleotide sequence refers to a heteropolymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
  • the nucleotide sequence encoding for a particular peptide, oligopeptide, or polypeptide may be naturally occurring or they may be synthetically constructed.
  • DNA segments encoding the peptides, polypeptides, and proteins of this invention are assembled from cDNA fragments and short oligonucleotide linkers, or from a series of oligonucleotides, to provide a synthetic gene which is capable of being expressed in a recombinant transcriptional unit comprising regulatory elements derived from a microbial or viral operon.
  • expression product means that polypeptide or protein that is the natural translation product of the gene and any nucleic acid sequence coding equivalents resulting from genetic code degeneracy and thus coding for the same amino acid(s).
  • fragment when referring to a coding sequence, means a portion of DNA comprising less than the complete coding region whose expression product retains essentially the same biological function or activity as the expression product of the complete coding region.
  • DNA segment refers to a DNA polymer, in the form of a separate fragment or as a component of a larger DNA construct, which has been derived from DNA isolated at least once in substantially pure form, i.e., free of contaminating endogenous materials and in a quantity or concentration enabling identification, manipulation, and recovery of the segment and its component nucleotide sequences by standard biochemical methods, for example, by using a cloning vector.
  • Such segments are provided in the form of an open reading frame uninterrupted by internal nontranslated sequences, or introns, which are typically present in eukaryotic genes. Sequences of non-translated DNA may be present downstream from the open reading frame, where the same do not interfere with manipulation or expression of the coding regions.
  • primer means a short nucleic acid sequence that is paired with one strand of DNA and provides a free 3′0H end at which a DNA polymerase starts synthesis of a deoxyribonucleotide chain.
  • promoter means a region of DNA involved in binding of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
  • ORF open reading frame
  • isolated means that the material is removed from its original environment (e.g., the natural environment if it is naturally occurring).
  • a naturally-occurring polynucleotide or polypeptide present in a living animal is not isolated, but the same polynucleotide or polypeptide, separated from some or all of the coexisting materials in the natural system, is isolated.
  • Such polynucleotides could be part of a vector and/or such polynucleotides or polypeptides could be part of a composition, and still be isolated in that such vector or composition is not part of its natural environment.
  • polynucleotides, and recombinant or immunogenic polypeptides, disclosed in accordance with the present invention may also be in “purified” form.
  • the term “purified” does not require absolute purity; rather, it is intended as a relative definition, and can include preparations that are highly purified or preparations that are only partially purified, as those terms are understood by those of skill in the relevant art.
  • individual clones isolated from a cDNA library have been conventionally purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Purification of starting material or natural material to at least one order of magnitude, preferably two or three orders, and more preferably four or five orders of magnitude is expressly contemplated.
  • the claimed polypeptide which has a purity of preferably 0.001%, or at least 0.01% or 0.1%; and even desirably 1% by weight or greater is expressly contemplated.
  • nucleic acids and polypeptide expression products disclosed according to the present invention may be in “enriched form.”
  • enriched means that the concentration of the material is at least about 2, 5, 10, 100, or 1000 times its natural concentration (for example), advantageously 0.01%, by weight, preferably at least about 0.1% by weight. Enriched preparations of about 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% by weight are also contemplated.
  • sequences, constructs, vectors, clones, and other materials comprising the present invention can advantageously be in enriched or isolated form.
  • active fragment means a fragment that generates an immune response (i.e., has immunogenic activity) when administered, alone or optionally with a suitable adjuvant, to an animal, such as a mammal, for example, a rabbit or a mouse, and also including a human, such immune response taking the form of stimulating a CTL response within the recipient animal, such as a human.
  • an animal such as a mammal, for example, a rabbit or a mouse
  • the “active fragment” may also be used to induce a CTL response in vitro.
  • portion when used in relation to polypeptides, refer to a continuous sequence of residues, such as amino acid residues, which sequence forms a subset of a larger sequence.
  • residues such as amino acid residues
  • fragment when used in relation to polypeptides, refer to a continuous sequence of residues, such as amino acid residues, which sequence forms a subset of a larger sequence.
  • the oligopeptides resulting from such treatment would represent portions, segments or fragments of the starting polypeptide.
  • any such fragment will necessarily contain as part of its amino acid sequence a segment, fragment or portion, that is substantially identical, if not exactly identical, to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 792-1513, which correspond to the naturally occurring, or “parent” proteins of the SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • such terms refer to the products produced by treatment of said polynucleotides with any of the common endonucleases.
  • the term “percent identity” or “percent identical,” when referring to a sequence, means that a sequence is compared to a claimed or described sequence after alignment of the sequence to be compared (the “Compared Sequence”) with the described or claimed sequence (the “Reference Sequence”). The Percent Identity is then determined according to the following formula:
  • C is the number of differences between the Reference Sequence and the Compared Sequence over the length of alignment between the Reference Sequence and the Compared Sequence wherein (i) each base or amino acid in the Reference Sequence that does not have a corresponding aligned base or amino acid in the Compared Sequence and (ii) each gap in the Reference Sequence and (iii) each aligned base or amino acid in the Reference Sequence that is different from an aligned base or amino acid in the Compared Sequence, constitutes a difference; and R is the number of bases or amino acids in the Reference Sequence over the length of the alignment with the Compared Sequence with any gap created in the Reference Sequence also being counted as a base or amino acid.
  • the Compared Sequence has the specified minimum percent identity to the Reference Sequence even though alignments may exist in which the herein above calculated Percent Identity is less than the specified Percent Identity.
  • the present invention relates generally to immunogens and immunogenic compositions, and methods of use therefore, for the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer, especially carcinomas, including ovarian carcinomas.
  • immunogens comprising proteins or polypeptides whose amino acid sequences comprises one or more epitopic oligopeptides with sequences selected from the group SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • the invention further relates to polynucleotides that can be used to stimulate a CTL response against cancer, and more specifically carcinoma, especially ovarian carcinomas.
  • oligopeptide sequences with amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, which represent epitopic peptides (i.e. immunogenic oligopeptide sequences) of at least about 8 amino acids in length, preferably about 9 amino acids in length (i.e., nonapeptides), and no longer than about 10 amino acids in length and present as part of a larger structure, such as a polypeptide or full length protein.
  • epitopic peptides i.e. immunogenic oligopeptide sequences
  • amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 represent epitopic peptides (i.e. immunogenic oligopeptide sequences) of at least about 8 amino acids in length, preferably about 9 amino acids in length (i.e., nonapeptides), and no longer than about 10 amino acids in length and present as part of a larger structure, such as a polypeptide or full length protein.
  • polypeptides forming the immunogens of the present invention have amino acid sequences that comprise at least one stretch, possibly two, three, four, or more stretches of about 8 to 10 residues in length and which stretches differ in amino acid sequence from the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 by no more than about 1 amino acid residue, preferably a conservative amino acid residue, especially amino acids of the same general chemical character, such as where they are hydrophobic amino acids.
  • Said polypeptides can be of any desired length so long as they have immunogenic activity in that they are able, under a given set of desirable conditions, to elicit in vitro or in vivo the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (i.e., a CTL response) against a presentation of a cancer specific protein, especially a carcinoma or sarcoma specific protein, most especially MAGE D, MAGE 4, MFG-E8 or human retinoblastoma-like protein, especially when such proteins are presented along with MHC-1 proteins, such as where said proteins are presented in vitro or in vivo by an antigen presenting cell (APC).
  • CTLs cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  • APC antigen presenting cell
  • the proteins and polypeptides forming the immunogens of the present invention can be naturally occurring or may be synthesized chemically.
  • the polypeptides may comprise at least one of SEQ ID NO: 792-1513.
  • the present invention is also directed to an isolated polypeptide, especially one having immunogenic activity, the sequence of which comprises within it one or more stretches comprising any 2 or more of the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 and in any relative quantities and wherein said sequences may differ by one amino acid residues from the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 in any given stretch of 8 to 10 amino acid residues.
  • such polypeptide may contain as part of its amino acid sequence, nonapeptide fragments having up to 8 amino acids identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1-4 such that the polypeptide comprises, in a specific embodiment, 2 segments with at least 8 residues identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 and one segment with at least 8 residues identical to SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • other combinations and permutations of the epitopic sequences disclosed herein may be part of an immunogen of the present invention or of such a polypeptide so long as any such polypeptide comprises at least 2 such epitopes, whether such epitopes are different or the same.
  • a polypeptide of the present invention may comprise 2 copies of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 at some point or points within its length.
  • any combinations and permutations of the epitopes disclosed herein, as long as they are present at least two in number in such polypeptides, are expressly contemplated.
  • SEQ ID NO: 792-1513 are polypeptides that comprise at least one of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • Oligopeptides as disclosed herein may themselves be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. (Grant, G. A., Synthetic Peptides: A User's Guide, 1992, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York).
  • the proteins and polypeptides forming the immunogens of the present invention may also comprise one or more other immunogenic amino acid stretches known to be associated with cancer, and more specifically with carcinomas and melanomas, including colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma, and which may stimulate a CTL response whereby the immunogenic peptides associate with HLA-A1 or HLA-A11, or HLA-A2, or another class I MHC (i.e., MHC-1) molecule.
  • MHC class I MHC
  • the immunogens of the present invention can be in the form of a composition of one or more of the different immunogens and wherein each immunogen is present in any desired relative abundance.
  • Such compositions can be homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to the individual immunogenic peptide components present therein, having only one or more than one of such peptides.
  • oligopeptides and polypeptides useful in practicing the present invention may be derived by fractionation of naturally occurring proteins by methods such as protease treatment, or they may be produced by recombinant or synthetic methodologies that are well known and clear to the skilled artisan (Ausubel, F. M. et al, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor).
  • the polypeptide may comprise a recombinant or synthetic polypeptide that comprises at least one of SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533 which sequences may also be present in multiple copies.
  • oligopeptides and polypeptides of the present invention may have one, two, three, or more such immunogenic peptides within the amino acid sequence of said oligopeptides and polypeptides, and said immunogenic peptides, or epitopes, may be the same or may be different, or may have any number of such sequences wherein some of them are identical to each other in amino acid sequence while others within the same polypeptide sequence are different from each other and said epitopic sequences may occur in any order within said immunogenic polypeptide sequence.
  • immunogens of the present invention may affect relative immunogenic activity.
  • immunogens of the present invention may comprise more than one protein comprising the amino acid sequences disclosed herein.
  • Such polypeptides may be part of a single composition or may themselves be covalently or non-covalently linked to each other.
  • the immunogenic peptides disclosed herein may also be linked directly to, or through a spacer or linker to: an immunogenic carrier such as serum albumin, tetanus toxoid, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, dextran, or a recombinant virus particle; an immunogenic peptide known to stimulate a T helper cell type immune response; a cytokine such as interferon gamma or GMCSF; a targeting agent such as an antibody or receptor ligand; a stabilizing agent such as a lipid; or a conjugate of a plurality of epitopes to a branched lysine core structure, such as the so-called “multiple antigenic peptide” described in (Posneft, D.
  • an immunogenic carrier such as serum albumin, tetanus toxoid, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, dextran, or a recombinant virus particle
  • Spacers and linkers are typically comprised of relatively small, neutral molecules, such as amino acids and which are substantially uncharged under physiological conditions. Such spacers are typically selected from the group of nonpolar or neutral polar amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, serine and other similar amino acids. Such optional spacers or linkers need not be comprised of the same residues and thus may be either homo- or hetero-oligomers.
  • linkers When present, such linkers will commonly be of length at least one or two, commonly 3, 4, 5, 6, and possibly as much as 10 or even up to 20 residues (in the case of amino acids). In addition, such linkers need not be composed of amino acids but any oligomeric structures will do as well so long as they provide the correct spacing so as to optimize the desired level of immunogenic activity of the immunogens of the present invention.
  • the immunogen may therefore take any form that is capable of eliciting a CTL response.
  • immunogenic peptides of the present invention may be part of an immunogenic structure via attachments other than conventional peptide bonds.
  • any manner of attaching the peptides of the invention to an immunogen of the invention could provide an immunogenic structure as claimed herein.
  • immunogens, such as proteins of the invention are structures that contain the peptides disclosed according to the present invention but such immunogenic peptides may not necessarily be attached thereto by the conventional means of using ordinary peptide bounds.
  • the immunogens of the present invention simply contain such peptides as part of their makeup, but how such peptides are to be combined to form the final immunogen is left to the talent and imagination of the user and is in no way restricted or limited by the disclosure contained herein.
  • the peptides may be modified at amino acid residues that are predicted to interact with the class I MHC molecule, in which case the goal is to create a peptide that has a higher affinity for the class I MHC molecule than does the original peptide.
  • the peptides can also be modified at amino acid residues that are predicted to interact with the T cell receptor on the CTL, in which case the goal is to create a peptide that has a higher affinity for the T cell receptor than does the original peptide. Both of these types of modifications can result in a variant peptide that is related to an original peptide, but which is better able to induce a CTL response than is the original peptide.
  • the term “original peptide” means an oligopeptide with the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • the original peptides disclosed herein can be modified by the substitution of one or more residues at different, possibly selective, sites within the peptide chain.
  • substitutions may be of a conservative nature, for example, where one amino acid is replaced by an amino acid of similar structure and characteristics, such as where a hydrophobic amino acid is replaced by another hydrophobic amino acid. Even more conservative would be replacement of amino acids of the same or similar size and chemical nature, such as where leucine is replaced by isoleucine.
  • Conservative substitutions are herein defined as exchanges within one of the following five groups: Group 1—small aliphatic, nonpolar or slightly polar residues (Ala, Ser, Thr, Pro, Gly); Group 2—polar, negatively charged residues and their amides (Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln); Group 3—polar, positively charged residues (His, Arg, Lys); Group 4—large, aliphatic, nonpolar residues (Met, Leu, lie, Val, Cys); and Group 4—large, aromatic residues (Phe, Tyr, Trp).
  • substitutions may involve structures other than the common L-amino acids.
  • D-amino acids might be substituted for the L-amino acids commonly found in the antigenic peptides of the invention and yet still be encompassed by the disclosure herein.
  • amino acids possessing non-standard R groups i.e., R groups other than those found in the common 20 amino acids of natural proteins may also be used for substitution purposes to produce immunogens and immunogenic polypeptides according to the present invention.
  • substitutions at more than one position are found to result in a peptide with substantially equivalent or greater antigenic activity as defined below, then combinations of those substitutions will be tested to determine if the combined substitutions result in additive or syngeneic effects on the antigenicity of the peptide. At most, no more than 4 positions within the peptide would simultaneously be substituted.
  • an epitope is considered substantially identical to the reference peptide if it has at least 10% of the antigenic activity of the reference peptide as defined by the ability of the substituted peptide to reconstitute the epitope recognized by a CTL in comparison to the reference peptide.
  • the observed percent specific killing of the target cells incubated with the substituted peptide should be equal to that of the reference peptide at an effector:target ratio that is no greater than 10-fold above the reference peptide effector:target ratio at which the comparison is being made.
  • the peptide concentration at which the substituted peptides achieve half the maximal increase in lysis relative to background is no more than about 1 mM, preferably no more than about 1 ⁇ M, more preferably no more than about 1 nM, and still more preferably no more than about 100 ⁇ M, and most preferably no more than about 10 ⁇ M. It is also preferred that the substituted peptide be recognized by CTLs from more than one individual, at least two, and more preferably three individuals.
  • the epitopes of the present invention may be identical to naturally occurring tumor-associated or tumor-specific epitopes or may include epitopes that differ by no more than 4 residues from the reference peptide, as long as they have substantially identical antigenic activity.
  • an immunogen may consist only of a peptide of SEQ ID NO:1-791 or 1514-1533, or comprise a peptide of SEQ ID NO:1-791 or 1514-1533, or comprise a plurality of peptides selected from SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533, or comprise a polypeptide that itself comprises one or more of the epitopic peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • immunogenic peptides and polypeptides of the invention can be prepared synthetically, by recombinant DNA technology, or they can be isolated from natural sources such as tumor cells expressing the original protein product.
  • polypeptides and oligopeptides disclosed herein can be synthesized in solution or on a solid support in accordance with conventional techniques.
  • Various automated peptide synthesizers are commercially available and can be used in accordance with known protocols. See, for example, (Grant, G. A., Synthetic Peptides: A User's Guide, 1992, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York). Fragments of polypeptides of the invention can also be synthesized as intermediates in the synthesis of a larger polypeptide.
  • Recombinant DNA technology may be employed wherein a nucleotide sequence which encodes an immunogenic peptide or polypeptide of interest is inserted into an expression vector, transformed or transfected into an appropriate host cell, and cultivated under conditions suitable for expression.
  • These procedures are well known in the art to the skilled artisan, as described in (Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Immunology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Ausubel, F. M. et al, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor).
  • recombinantly produced peptides or polypeptides can be used as the immunogens of the invention.
  • the coding sequences for peptides of the length contemplated herein can be synthesized on commercially available automated DNA synthesizers using protocols that are well know in the art. See for example, (Grant, G. A., Synthetic Peptides: A User's Guide, 1992, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York).
  • the coding sequences can also be modified such that a peptide or polypeptide will be produced that incorporates a desired amino acid substitution.
  • the coding sequence can be provided with appropriate linkers, be ligated into suitable expression vectors that are commonly available in the art, and the resulting DNA or RNA molecule can be transformed or transfected into suitable hosts to produce the desired fusion protein.
  • suitable host systems are available, and their selection is left to the skilled artisan.
  • the coding sequence will be provided with operably linked start and stop codons, promoter and terminator regions, and a replication system to provide an expression vector for expression in the desired host cell.
  • promoter sequences compatible with bacterial hosts are provided in plasmids containing convenient restriction sites for insertion of the desired coding sequence.
  • the resulting expression vectors are transformed into suitable bacterial hosts.
  • yeast, insect, and mammalian host cells may also be used, employing suitable vectors and control sequences.
  • Host cells are genetically engineered (transduced or transformed or transfected) with the vectors of this invention which may be, for example, a cloning vector or an expression vector.
  • the vector may be, for example, in the form of a plasmid, a viral particle, a phage, etc.
  • the engineered host cells can be cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for activating promoters, selecting transformants or amplifying the genes of the present invention.
  • the culture conditions such as temperature, pH and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • the present invention also includes recombinant constructs comprising one or more of the sequences as broadly described above.
  • the constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a forward or reverse orientation.
  • the construct further comprises regulatory sequences, including, for example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence.
  • a promoter operably linked to the sequence.
  • the present invention relates to host cells containing the above-described constructs.
  • the host cell can be a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell, or the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell.
  • Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-Dextran mediated transfection, or electroporation (Ausubel, F. M. et al, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor).
  • Such cells can routinely be utilized for assaying CTL activity by having said genetically engineered, or recombinant, host cells express the immunogenic peptides of the present invention.
  • mammalian cell culture systems can also be employed to express recombinant protein.
  • mammalian expression systems include the COS-7 lines of monkey kidney fibroblasts, described by Gluzman, Cell, 23:175 (1981), and other cell lines capable of expressing a compatible vector, for example, the C127, 3T3, CHO, HeLa and BHK cell lines.
  • Mammalian expression vectors will comprise an origin of replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer, and also any necessary ribosome binding sites, polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, transcriptional termination sequences, and 5′ flanking non-transcribed sequences. DNA sequences derived from the SV40 splice, and polyadenylation sites may be used to provide the required nontranscribed genetic elements.
  • the polypeptide can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Protein refolding steps can be used, as necessary, in completing configuration of the mature protein. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • the immunogenic peptides of the present invention may be used to elicit CTLs ex vivo from either healthy individuals or from cancer patients with cancer, such as colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma. Such responses are induced by incubating in tissue culture the individual's CTL precursor lymphocytes together with a source of antigen presenting cells and the appropriate immunogenic peptide.
  • suitable antigen presenting cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, and activated B cells.
  • the peptide at concentrations between 10 and 40 ⁇ g/ml, would be pre-incubated with the antigen presenting cells for periods ranging from 1 to 18 hrs.
  • ⁇ 2 -microglobulin (4 ⁇ g/ml) can be added during this time period to enhance binding.
  • the antigen presenting cells may also be held at room temperature during the incubation period (Ljunggren, H.-G. et al., Nature, 346:476-480, (1990)) or pretreated with acid (Zeh, H. J., III et al., Hum. Immunol., 39:79-86, (1994)) to promote the generation of denatured class I MHC molecules which can then bind the peptide.
  • the precursor CTLs are then added to the antigen presenting cells to which the immunogenic peptide has bound (stimulators) at responder to stimulator ratios of between 5:1 and 50:1, and most typically between 10:1 and 20:1.
  • the co-cultivation of the cells is carried out at 37° C. in RPMI 1640, 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, and IL-2 (5-20 Units/ml).
  • Other cytokines such as IL-1, IL-7, and IL-12 may also be added to the culture.
  • Fresh IL-2-containing media is added to the cultures every 2-4 days, typically by removing one-half the old media and replenishing it with an equal volume of fresh media.
  • the CTL are re-stimulated with antigen presenting cells to which immunogenic peptide has been bound as described above.
  • Fresh IL-2-containing media is added to the cells throughout their culture as described above. Three to four rounds of stimulation, and sometimes as many five to eight rounds of stimulation, are required to generate a CTL response that can then be measured in vitro.
  • the above described protocol is illustrative only and should not be considered limiting. Many in vitro CTL stimulation protocols have been described and the choice of which one to use is well within the knowledge of the skilled artisan.
  • the peptide-specific CTL can be further expanded to large numbers by treatment with anti-CD3 antibody. For example, see (Riddell, S. R. and Greenberg, P. D., J. Immunol. Methods, 128:189-201, (1990); Walter, E. A. et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 333:1038-1044, (1995)).
  • Antigen presenting cells that are to be used to stimulate a CTL response are typically incubated with peptide of an optimal length, most commonly a nonapeptide, that allows for direct binding of the peptide to the class I MHC molecule without additional processing. Larger oligopeptides and polypeptides are generally ineffective in binding to class I MHC molecules as they are not efficiently processed into an appropriately sized peptide in the extracellular milieu. There a variety of approaches that are known in the art, however, that allow oligopeptides and polypeptides to be exogenously acquired by a cell, which then allows for their subsequent processing and presentation by a class I MHC molecule.
  • Such approaches include electroporation of the molecules into the cell (Harding, C. H. III, Eur. J. Immunol., 22:1865-1869, (1992)), encapsulation of the molecules in liposomes which are fused to the cells of interest (Reddy, R. et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 141:157-163, (1991)), or osmotic shock in which the molecules are taken up via pinocytosis (Moore, M. W. et al., Cell, 54:777-785, (1988)).
  • oligopeptides and polypeptides that comprise one or more of the peptides of the invention can be provided to antigen presenting cells in such a fashion that they are delivered to the cytoplasm of the cell, and are subsequently processed to allow presentation of the peptides.
  • Antigen presenting cells suitable for stimulating an in vitro CTL response that is specific for one or more of the peptides of the invention can also be prepared by introducing polynucleotide vectors encoding the sequences into the cells.
  • These polynucleotides can be designed such that they express only a single peptide of the invention, multiple peptides of the invention, or even a plurality of peptides of the invention.
  • Such approaches include the introduction of plasmid DNA through particle-mediated gene transfer or electroporation (Tuting, T. et al., J. Immunol., 160:1139-1147, (1998)), or the transduction of cells with an adenovirus expressing the polynucleotide of interest (Perez-Diez, A. et al., Cancer Res., 58:5305-5309, (1998)).
  • oligonucleotides that code for one or more of the peptides of the invention can be provided to antigen presenting cells in such a fashion that the peptides associate with class I MHC molecules and are presented on the surface of the antigen presenting cell, and consequently are available to stimulate a CTL response.
  • stimulator cells By preparing the stimulator cells used to generate an in vitro CTL response in different ways, it is possible to control the peptide specificity of CTL response. For example, the CTLs generated with a particular peptide will necessarily be specific for that peptide Likewise, CTLs that are generated with a polypeptide or polynucleotide expressing or coding for particular peptides will be limited to specificities that recognize those peptides. More broadly, stimulator cells, and more specifically dendritic cells, can be incubated in the presence of the whole protein. As a further alternative, stimulator cells, and more specifically dendritic cells, can be transduced or transfected with RNA or DNA comprising the polynucleotide sequence encoding the protein.
  • peptide epitopes that are naturally cleaved out of the protein, and which are generated in addition to peptide epitopes of SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533 can associate with an appropriate class I MHC molecule, which may or may not include HLA-A1, -A2, or -A3.
  • an appropriate class I MHC molecule which may or may not include HLA-A1, -A2, or -A3.
  • the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes (A11 is a member of the A3 supertype), whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has bound an immunogen comprising one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes, whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has exogenously acquired an immunogenic oligopeptide or polypeptide that comprises one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • a yet additional embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes, comprising contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that is expressing a polynucleotide coding for a polypeptide of the invention and wherein said polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter.
  • the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has bound an immunogen comprising one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has exogenously acquired an immunogenic oligopeptide or polypeptide that comprises one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • a yet additional embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, comprising contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that is expressing a polynucleotide coding for a polypeptide of the invention and wherein said polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter.
  • CTL A variety of techniques exist for assaying the activity of CTL. These techniques include the labeling of target cells with radionuclides such as Na 2 51 Cr0 4 or 3 H-thymidine, and measuring the release or retention of the radionuclides from the target cells as an index of cell death. Such assays are well-known in the art and their selection is left to the skilled artisan.
  • CTL are known to release a variety of cytokines when they are stimulated by an appropriate target cell, such as a tumor cell expressing the relevant class I MHC molecule and the corresponding peptide.
  • cytokines include IFN- ⁇ , TNF ⁇ , and GM-CSF.
  • the antigen-specific CTLs After expansion of the antigen-specific CTLs, the latter are then adoptively transferred back into the patient, where they will destroy their specific target cell.
  • the utility of such adoptive transfer is demonstrated in North, R. J. et al. (Infect. Immun., 67:2010-2012, (1999)) and Riddell, S. R. et al. (Science, 257:238-241, (1992)).
  • the skilled physician will be guided by the total number of cells available, the activity of the CTL as measured in vitro, and the condition of the patient.
  • about 1 ⁇ 10 6 to about 1 ⁇ 10 12 , more preferably about 1 ⁇ 10 8 to about 1 ⁇ 10 11 , and even more preferably, about 1 ⁇ 10 9 to about 1 ⁇ 10 10 peptide-specific CTL are infused.
  • Methodology for reinfusing the T cells into a patient are well known and exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,844,893 to Honski, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,915 to Rosenberg.
  • the peptide-specific CTL can be purified from the stimulator cells prior to infusion into the patient.
  • monoclonal antibodies directed towards the cell surface protein CD8, present on CTL can be used in conjunction with a variety of isolation techniques such as antibody panning, flow cytometric sorting, and magnetic bead separation to purify the peptide-specific CTL away from any remaining non-peptide specific lymphocytes or from the stimulator cells. These methods are well known in the art, and are their selection is left to the skilled artisan. It should be appreciated that generation of peptide-specific CTL in this manner, obviates the need for stimulating the CTL in the presence of tumor. Thus, there is no chance of inadvertently reintroducing tumor cells into the patient.
  • one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process for treating a subject with cancer characterized by tumor cells expressing complexes of a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes, for example, HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, whereby CTLs produced in vitro according to the present invention are administered in an amount sufficient to destroy the tumor cells through direct lysis or to effect the destruction of the tumor cells indirectly through the elaboration of cytokines.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for treating a subject with cancer characterized by tumor cells expressing any class I MHC molecule and an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, whereby the CTLs are produced in vitro and are specific for the epitope or original protein and are administered in an amount sufficient to destroy the tumor cells through direct lysis or to effect the destruction of the tumor cells indirectly through the elaboration of cytokines.
  • the cancer to be treated may include a colorectal carcinoma, an ovarian carcinoma, a breast carcinoma, a lung carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma, but especially ovarian carcinoma.
  • the ex vivo generated CTL can be used to identify and isolate the T cell receptor molecules specific for the peptide.
  • the genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of the T cell receptor can be cloned into an expression vector system and transferred and expressed in naive T cells from peripheral blood, T cells from lymph nodes, or T lymphocyte progenitor cells from bone marrow. These T cells, which would then be expressing a peptide-specific T cell receptor, would then have anti-tumor reactivity and could be used in adoptive therapy of cancer, and more specifically cancer, colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma.
  • the immunogenic peptides of the present invention are useful as screening and diagnostic agents.
  • the immunogenic peptides of the present invention together with modern techniques of gene screening, make it possible to screen patients for the presence of genes encoding such peptides on cells obtained by biopsy of tumors detected in such patients. The results of such screening may help determine the efficacy of proceeding with the regimen of treatment disclosed herein using the immunogens of the present invention.
  • the immunogenic peptides disclosed herein, as well as functionally similar homologs thereof, may be used to screen a sample for the presence of CTLs that specifically recognize the corresponding epitopes.
  • the lymphocytes to be screened in this assay will normally be obtained from the peripheral blood, but lymphocytes can be obtained from other sources, including lymph nodes, spleen, tumors, and pleural fluid.
  • the peptides of the present invention may then be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the efficacy of the immunotherapeutic treatments disclosed herein.
  • the in vitro generation of CTL as described above would be used to determine if patients are likely to respond to the peptide in vivo.
  • the in vitro generation of CTL could be done with samples of lymphocytes obtained from the patient before and after treatment with the peptides. Successful generation of CTL in vivo should then be recognized by a correspondingly easier ability to generate peptide-specific CTL in vitro from lymphocytes obtained following treatment in comparison to those obtained before treatment.
  • the oligopeptides of the invention can also be used to prepare class I MHC tetramers which can be used in conjunction with flow cytometry to quantitate the frequency of peptide-specific CTL that are present in a sample of lymphocytes from an individual.
  • class I MHC molecules comprising peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, would be combined to form tetramers as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,363.
  • Said tetramers would find use in monitoring the frequency of CTLs in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes, or tumor mass of an individual undergoing immunotherapy with the peptides, proteins, or polynucleotides of the invention, and it would be expected that successful immunization would lead to an increase in the frequency of the peptide-specific CTL.
  • a vaccine in accordance with the present invention may include one or more of the hereinabove described polypeptides or active fragments thereof, or a composition, or pool, of immunogenic peptides disclosed herein.
  • two or more polypeptides and/or active fragments may be used as a physical mixture or as a fusion of two or more polypeptides or active fragments.
  • the fusion fragment or fusion polypeptide may be produced, for example, by recombinant techniques or by the use of appropriate linkers for fusing previously prepared polypeptides or active fragments.
  • the immunogenic molecules of the invention may be utilized according to the present invention for purposes of preventing, suppressing or treating diseases causing the expression of the immunogenic peptides disclosed herein, such as where the antigen is being expressed by tumor cells.
  • prevention relates to a process of prophylaxis in which an animal, especially a mammal, and most especially a human, is exposed to an immunogen of the present invention prior to the induction or onset of the disease process. This could be done where an individual has a genetic pedigree indicating a predisposition toward occurrence of the disease condition to be prevented.
  • the immunogen could be administered to the general population as is frequently done for infectious diseases.
  • the term “suppression” is often used to describe a condition wherein the disease process has already begun but obvious symptoms of said condition have yet to be realized.
  • the cells of an individual may have become cancerous but no outside signs of the disease have yet been clinically recognized.
  • the term prophylaxis can be applied to encompass both prevention and suppression.
  • the term “treatment” is often utilized to mean the clinical application of agents to combat an already existing condition whose clinical presentation has already been realized in a patient. This would occur where an individual has already been diagnosed as having a tumor.
  • the suitable dosage of an immunogen of the present invention will depend upon the age, sex, health, and weight of the recipient, the kind of concurrent treatment, if any, the frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired. However, the most preferred dosage can be tailored to the individual subject, as determined by the researcher or clinician.
  • the total dose required for any given treatment will commonly be determined with respect to a standard reference dose as set by a manufacturer, such as is commonly done with vaccines, such dose being administered either in a single treatment or in a series of doses, the success of which will depend on the production of a desired immunological result (i.e., successful production of a CTL-mediated response to the antigen, which response gives rise to the prevention and/or treatment desired).
  • the overall administration schedule must be considered in determining the success of a course of treatment and not whether a single dose, given in isolation, would or would not produce the desired immunologically therapeutic result or effect.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of a composition containing one or more of the immunogens of this invention is an amount sufficient to induce an effective CTL response to the antigen and to cure or arrest disease progression.
  • this dose will depend, among other things, on the identity of the immunogens used, the nature of the disease condition, the severity of the disease condition, the extent of any need to prevent such a condition where it has not already been detected, the manner of administration dictated by the situation requiring such administration, the weight and state of health of the individual receiving such administration, and the sound judgment of the clinician or researcher.
  • effective amounts would generally lie within the range of from 1.0 ⁇ g to about 5,000 ⁇ g of peptide for a 70 kg patient, followed by boosting dosages of from about 1.0 ⁇ g to about 1,000 ⁇ g of peptide pursuant to a boosting regimen over days, weeks or even months, depending on the recipient's response and as necessitated by subsequent monitoring of CTL-mediated activity within the bloodstream.
  • dosages are to be considered only a general guide and, in a given situation, may greatly exceed such suggested dosage regimens where the clinician believes that the recipient's condition warrants more a aggressive administration schedule.
  • the efficacy of administering additional doses, and of increasing or decreasing the interval may be re-evaluated on a continuing basis, in view of the recipient's immunocompetence (for example, the level of CTL activity with respect to tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens).
  • the immunogenic compositions according to the present invention may be used against a disease condition such as cancer by administration to an individual by a variety of routes.
  • the composition may be administered parenterally or orally, and, if parenterally, either systemically or topically.
  • Parenteral routes include subcutaneous, intravenous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, transdermal, or buccal routes. One or more such routes may be employed.
  • Parenteral administration can be, for example, by bolus injection or by gradual perfusion over time.
  • vaccines are prepared as injectables, in the form of aqueous solutions or suspensions. Vaccines in an oil base are also well known such as for inhaling. Solid forms which are dissolved or suspended prior to use may also be formulated. Pharmaceutical carriers, diluents and excipients are generally added that are compatible with the active ingredients and acceptable for pharmaceutical use.
  • Such carriers include, but are not limited to, water, saline solutions, dextrose, or glycerol. Combinations of carriers may also be used. These compositions may be sterilized by conventional, well known sterilization techniques including sterile filtration. The resulting solutions may be packaged for use as is, or the aqueous solutions may be lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with sterile water before administration. Vaccine compositions may further incorporate additional substances to stabilize pH, or to function as adjuvants, wetting agents, or emulsifying agents, which can serve to improve the effectiveness of the vaccine.
  • the concentration of the CTL stimulatory peptides of the invention in pharmaceutical formulations are subject to wide variation, including anywhere from less than 0.01% by weight to as much as 50% or more. Factors such as volume and viscosity of the resulting composition must also be considered.
  • the solvents, or diluents, used for such compositions include water, possibly PBS (phosphate buffered saline), or saline itself, or other possible carriers or excipients.
  • the immunogens of the present invention may also be contained in artificially created structures such as liposomes, ISCOMS, slow-releasing particles, and other vehicles which increase the immunogenicity and/or half-life of the peptides or polypeptides in serum.
  • Liposomes include emulsions, foams, micelies, insoluble monolayers, liquid crystals, phospholipid dispersions, lamellar layers and the like.
  • Liposomes for use in the invention are formed from standard vesicle-forming lipids which generally include neutral and negatively charged phospholipids and a sterol, such as cholesterol. The selection of lipids is generally determined by considerations such as liposome size and stability in the blood.
  • Liposomes containing the peptides or polypeptides of the invention can be directed to the site of lymphoid cells where the liposomes then deliver the selected immunogens directly to antigen presenting cells.
  • Targeting can be achieved by incorporating additional molecules such as proteins or polysaccharides into the outer membranes of said structures, thus resulting in the delivery of the structures to particular areas of the body, or to particular cells within a given organ or tissue.
  • Such targeting molecules may a molecule that binds to receptor on antigen presenting cells.
  • an antibody that binds to CD80 could be used to direct liposomes to dendritic cells.
  • the immunogens of the present invention may also be administered as solid compositions.
  • Conventional nontoxic solid carriers including pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, sodium saccharin, and the like.
  • Such solid compositions will often be administered orally, whereby a pharmaceutically acceptable nontoxic composition is formed by incorporating the peptides and polypeptides of the invention with any of the carriers listed above.
  • such compositions will contain 10-95% active ingredient, and more preferably 25-75% active ingredient.
  • Aerosol administration is also an alternative, requiring only that the immunogens be properly dispersed within the aerosol propellant.
  • Typical percentages of the peptides or polypeptides of the invention are 0.01%-20% by weight, preferably 1%-10%.
  • the use of a surfactant to properly disperse the immunogen may be required.
  • Representative surfactants include the esters or partial esters of fatty acids containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, such as caproic, octanoic, lauric, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, olesteric and oleic acids with an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or its cyclic anhydride.
  • esters such as mixed or natural glycerides may be employed.
  • the surfactant may constitute 0.1-20% by weight of the composition, preferably 0.25-5%.
  • Typical propellants for such administration may include esters and similar chemicals but are by no means limited to these.
  • a carrier, such as lecithin for intranasal delivery, may also be included.
  • the peptides and polypeptides of the invention may also be delivered with an adjuvant.
  • Adjuvants include, but are not limited to complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA-51, Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-)3, aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, alum, and saponin.
  • Adjuvant effects can also be obtained by injecting a variety of cytokines along with the immunogens of the invention. These cytokines include, but are not limited to IL-1, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, and GM-CSF.
  • the peptides and polypeptides of the invention can also be added to professional antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells that have been prepared ex vivo.
  • the dendritic cells could be prepared from CD34 positive stem cells from the bone marrow, or they could be prepared from CD14 positive monocytes obtained from the peripheral blood.
  • the dendritic cells are generated ex vivo using cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-4, TNF, and SCF.
  • the cultured DC are then pulsed with peptides at various concentrations using standard methods that are well known in the art.
  • the peptide-pulsed dendritic cells can then be administered either intraveneously, subcutaneously, or intradermally, and the immunization may also include cytokines such as IL-2 or IL-12.
  • the present invention is also directed to a vaccine in which an immunogen of the present invention is delivered or administered in the form of a polynucleotide encoding the a polypeptide or active fragment as disclosed herein, whereby the peptide or polypeptide or active fragment is produced in vivo.
  • the polynucleotide may be included in a suitable expression vector and combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the peptides or polypeptides could be expressed in plasmid DNA and nonreplicative viral vectors such as vaccinia, fowlpox, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, adenovirus, or other RNA or DNA viruses.
  • compositions containing the immunogens disclosed herein may, in addition, contain other antitumor pharmaceuticals.
  • the use of such compositions with multiple active ingredients is left to the discretion of the clinician.
  • the immunogens of the present invention can be used to stimulate the production of antibodies for use in passive immunotherapy, for use as diagnostic reagents, and for use as reagents in other processes such as affinity chromatography.
  • the present invention also relates to antibodies that react with immunogens, such as a polypeptide comprising one or more of the epitopic peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 as disclosed herein. Active fragments of such antibodies are also specifically contemplated. Such antibodies, and active fragments of such antibodies, for example, and Fab structure, may react with, including where it is highly selective or specific for, an immunogenic structure comprising 2, 3, 4 or more of the epitopic peptides of the invention.
  • immunogens such as a polypeptide comprising one or more of the epitopic peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 as disclosed herein.
  • Active fragments of such antibodies are also specifically contemplated.
  • Such antibodies, and active fragments of such antibodies, for example, and Fab structure may react with, including where it is highly selective or specific for, an immunogenic structure comprising 2, 3, 4 or more of the epitopic peptides of the invention.
  • Such antibodies can be produced by either cloning the gene sequences encoding the polypeptide chains of said antibodies or by direct synthesis of said polypeptide chains, with in vitro assembly of the synthesized chains to form active tetrameric (H 2 L 2 ) structures with affinity for specific epitopes and antigenic determinants. This has permitted the ready production of antibodies having sequences characteristic of neutralizing antibodies from different species and sources.
  • H 2 L 2 refers to the fact that antibodies commonly comprise 2 light (L) amino acid chains and 2 heavy (H) amino acid chains. Both chains have regions capable of interacting with a structurally complementary antigenic target. The regions interacting with the target are referred to as “variable” or “V” regions and are characterized by differences in amino acid sequence from antibodies of different antigenic specificity.
  • variable regions of either H or L chains contains the amino acid sequences capable of specifically binding to antigenic targets. Within these sequences are smaller sequences dubbed “hypervariable” because of their extreme variability between antibodies of differing specificity. Such hypervariable regions are also referred to as “complementarity determining regions” or “CDR” regions. These CDR regions account for the basic specificity of the antibody for a particular antigenic determinant structure.
  • variable heavy and light chains of all antibodies each have 3 CDR regions, each non-contiguous with the others (termed L1, L2, L3, H1, H2, H3) for the respective light (L) and heavy (H) chains.
  • L1, L2, L3, H1, H2, H3 The accepted CDR regions have been described in the text and figures of Kabat et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616 (1977)).
  • antibody polypeptides contain constant (i.e., highly conserved) and variable regions, and, within the latter, there are the CDRs and the so-called “framework regions” made up of amino acid sequences within the variable region of the heavy or light chain but outside the CDRs.
  • the antibodies disclosed according to the invention may also be wholly synthetic, wherein the polypeptide chains of the antibodies are synthesized and, possibly, optimized for binding to the polypeptides disclosed herein as being receptors.
  • Such antibodies may be chimeric or humanized antibodies and may be fully tetrameric in structure, or may be dimeric and comprise only a single heavy and a single light chain.
  • Such antibodies may also include fragments, such as Fab and F(ab 2 )′ fragments, capable of reacting with and binding to any of the polypeptides disclosed herein as being receptors.
  • a further embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for inducing a CTL response in a subject comprising administering to subjects that express HLA-A1 antigens an effective (i.e., CTL-stimulating amount) of an immunogen of the invention that does not comprise the entire protein expressing the epitopic peptides disclosed herein (i.e., one that comprises less than the entire protein where the protein is a naturally occurring polypeptide) in an amount sufficient to induce a CTL response to tumor cells expressing at least HLA-A1 or HLA-A2, as the case may be, thereby eliciting a cellular response against said tumor cells.
  • an effective i.e., CTL-stimulating amount
  • a still further embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for inducing a CTL response in a subject, wherein the immunogen is in the form of a polynucleotide.
  • the method comprises administering to subjects that express HLA-A1 at least one CTL epitope, wherein said epitope or epitopes are selected from a group comprising the peptides disclosed according to the invention, and are coded within a polynucleotide sequence that does not comprise the entire protein coding region, in an amount sufficient to induce a CTL response to tumor cells expressing HLA-A1 or HLA-A2.
  • ARGOV57 a HLA-A1/11 positive ovarian cell line, was established by culturing tumor cells from an ascitic fluid from an ovarian patient.
  • OVCAR3 a HLA-A2 positive ovarian carcinoma cell line, was established by culturing tumor cells from an ascitic fluid from an ovarian patient.
  • SKOV3-A2 a HLA-A2 stably expressing ovarian carcinoma cell line, was established by culturing tumor cells from an ascitic fluid from an ovarian patient and transduced with HLA-A2 gene.
  • ARGOV57 cells were grown in 10-chamber Nunc cell factories (Fisher, Pittsburgh, Pa.). The cells were harvested by treatment with 0.45% trypsin and 0.32 mM EDTA, washed two times in phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4), and stored as cell pellets at ⁇ 80° C.
  • the lysates were then centrifuged at 100,000 ⁇ g, the pellets discarded, and the supernatants passed through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter.
  • the supernatants were then passed over a series of columns with the first containing Sepharose, and the second containing the HLA-A1-specific monoclonal antibody, GAP-A1, bound to a protein A-Sepharose matrix.
  • the second column was then sequentially washed with 20 column volumes of 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 20 column volumes of 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 1.0 M NaCl, and 20 column volumes of 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0.
  • the peptides were eluted from the column with 5 column volumes of 10% acetic acid.
  • the isolated HLA-A1 molecules were then boiled for 5 min to further dissociate any bound peptide from the heavy chains.
  • the peptides were then separated from the co-purifying class I heavy chain and ⁇ 2 -microglobulin by centrifugation on a Ultrafree-CL membrane with a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 5,000 Daltons (Millipore, Bedford, Mass.).
  • OVCAR3 or SKOV3 cells were successfully prepared using the same procedure as just described except that HLA-A2 molecules were prepared using HLA-A2 specific antibodies.
  • the peptide extracts were fractionated by RP-HPLC (Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography) using an Applied Biosystems (ABI) model 140B system.
  • the extracts were concentrated by vacuum centrifugation from about 20 ml down to 250 ⁇ l and injected into either a Brownlee (Norwalk, Conn.) C 18 Aquapore column (2.1 mm ⁇ 3 cm; 300 ⁇ ; 7 ⁇ m) or a Higgins (Mountain View, Calif.) C18 Haisil column (2.1 mm ⁇ 4 cm; 300 ⁇ ; 5 ⁇ m).
  • the peptides were eluted by first using a gradient of acetonitrile/0.085% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) in 0.1% TFA/water, with the concentration of acetonitrile increasing from 0-9% (0-5 minutes), 9-36% (5-55 minutes), and 36-60% (55-62 minutes).
  • a second dimension fractionation of combined fractions 17 and 18 from the first dimension (TFA) fraction was accomplished using the same gradient but with the substitution of HFBA (heptafluorobutyric acid) for TFA.
  • the flow rate was 200 ⁇ l/min, and fractions were collected at 1 min (Brownlee column) or 40 second (Higgins column) intervals.
  • a third dimension of RP-HPLC was achieved using an Eldex (Napa, Calif.) MicroPro Pump, a homemade C 18 microcapillary column, and an ABI model 785A UV absorbance detector.
  • the column was prepared by packing a 27 cm bed of 10 ⁇ m C 18 particles in a section of 285 ⁇ m o.d./75 ⁇ m i.d. fused silica (Polymicro Technologies, Phoenix, Ariz.).
  • Peptides in combined fractions 26 and 27 of the second dimension fraction were loaded onto this column and eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile/0.67% triethylamine acetate/water in 0.1% triethylamine acetate/water, with the concentration of acetonitrile increasing from 0-60% in 40 minutes.
  • the flow rate was about 300 nl/min, and fractions were collected into 25 ⁇ l of water every 30 s.
  • peptides were detected by monitoring UV absorbance at 214 nm.
  • the second dimension HPLC fraction was analyzed using an affluent splitter on the microcapillary HPLC column.
  • the column (360 ⁇ m o.d. X 100 ⁇ m i.d. with a 25 cm C 18 bed) was butt connected with a zero dead volume tee (Valco, Houston, Tex.) to two pieces of fused silica of different lengths (25 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m i.d.). Peptides were eluted with a 34 min gradient of 0-60% acetonitrile.
  • Proteins containing peptides corresponding to the masses identified by MS were analyzed with the search algorithm, SEQUEST. Searches were also carried out on the GenBank non-redundant sequence database (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.-gov/Entrez/) as well as on our own unique database of 2943 specific sequences compiled from GenBank and EST data-base entries. Upon experimental confirmation of the peptide sequence, a tBLASTn search of the GenBank non-redundant database was performed to identify any genes containing the DNA sequence encoding the peptide.
  • Peptides were synthesized using a Gilson (Madison, Wis.) AMS 422 multiple peptide synthesizer. Quantities of 10 ⁇ Mol were synthesized using conventional FMOC amino acids, resins, and chemical techniques. Peptides were purified by RP-HPLC using a 4.6 mm ⁇ 100 mm POROS (Perseptive Biosystems, Cambridge, Mass.) column and a 10 min, 0-60% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA gradient.
  • PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • Adherent PBMC ( ⁇ 8.3 ⁇ 10 5 /well) were then pulsed with 50 mg/ml synthetic peptides in serum-free AIM-V medium containing 1.5 mg/ml ⁇ 2 -microg lobulin (Calbiochem-Novabiochem, San Diego, Calif.) and incubated for 2 h at 37° C. Unbound peptides were aspirated and the wells washed with media.
  • Monocyte-derived DC were generated as follows. PBMC (5.3 ⁇ 10 7 ) were allowed to adhere in T-75 flasks (Corning) in 10 ml of serum-free AIM-V medium for 60 min at 37° C. Non-adherent cells were collected as a source of effector T cells and pooled with the previous collection above. Adherent monocytes in flasks were then exposed to recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF, 25 ng/ml; Peprotech) and recombinant human IL-4 (100 ng/ml; Peprotech) in 10 ml of AIM-V medium containing 10% heat-inactivated FBS.
  • DC obtained by this method [immature DC (iDC)] are characterized by expression of low levels of CD83, CD80, CD86, and HLA class I and class II molecules (data not shown).
  • Mature DC were obtained by exposing day 5 DC cultures to recombinant soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L; Peprotech) at 1.5 mg/ml for 24 h in the presence of 25 ng/ml GM-CSF and are characterized by expression of high levels of CD80, CD86, and HLA class I and class II molecules.
  • mDC were harvested, washed, pulsed with 5 mg/ml peptide in serum-free AIM-V medium and irradiated (5000 rad) prior to use as stimulators.
  • the protocol used here is a modification of the method described by Plebanski et al. (Eur. J. Immunol. 25:1783, (1995)).
  • CTL to peptide were generated by 3 ⁇ 4 cycles of stimulation with peptide-loaded APC.
  • T cells or non-adherent PBMC from above were added in bulk (CD4 + , CD8 + , NK, etc.) to adherent PBMC-loaded peptides in serum-free medium (50 mg/ml), ⁇ 2 -microglobulin (1.5 mg/ml) (Calbiochem-Novabiochem), recombinant human IL-7 (5 ng/ml) (Peprotech) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (5 mg/ml) (Sigma, St Louis, Mo.).
  • T cells were transferred to new plates by first aspirating 70% of spent media in wells and then transferring the pooled contents to a new plate. Fresh IL-7 was added at each re-stimulation.
  • the responder:stimulator (T cell:DC) ratio was set at 20 for each stimulation.
  • Recombinant human IL-2 (10 U/ml) was added on day 5 after each re-stimulation.
  • the T cells Prior to 51 Cr-release assay, the T cells were harvested and CD8 + T cells were purified by positive selection using CD8 + microbeads immunomagnetic cell separation with MACS kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, Calif.). If a fourth round of stimulation was necessary following CTL analysis, the CTL were pulsed as before, except with 5 ⁇ 10 mg/ml of peptide.
  • HLA-A2-allospecific CTL were obtained in a mixed lymphocyte reaction by repeated stimulation of HLA-A3 + PBMC (responders) with irradiated HLA-A2 + stimulator PBMC at a ratio of 10:1 in the presence of 10 U/ml IL-2. Stimulation was repeated weekly with PBMC from different HLA-A2 + donors so as to minimize alloresponse to non-HLA-A2 antigens. T cells were assessed for lysis on several HLA-A2 + targets including tumor cells, EBV-B cells and HLA-A3 + targets every week after the third round of stimulation.
  • Expansion of large numbers of peptide-specific or HLA-A2-allospecific CTL was achieved by culturing 5.3 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ 1.3 ⁇ 10 5 T cells around day 6 or 7 post peptide- or allostimulation in the presence of 2.5-3.0 ⁇ 10 7 irradiated (5000 rad) allogeneic normal donor PBMC coated with anti-CD3 antibody at 10 ng/ml (BD PharMingen, San Diego, Calif.) and 25 U/ml of recombinant human IL-2 (Peprotech) in a final volume of 30 ml RPMI medium. Media changes with IL-2 addition (50 U/ml) were effected on days 5 and 8. Cells were harvested for cytotoxicity assays on days 10 ⁇ 12 and re-stimulated or frozen for later use.
  • Target cells in suspension T2, C1R.A2, B-LCL and K562
  • 100 mCi Na 2 51 CrO4 NEN Life Science, Boston, Mass.
  • 5 ml RPMI 1640 media containing 2 ⁇ 5% FBS or for 60 ⁇ 90 min at 37° C. directly with the cell pellet in the case of adherent cells (tumor cell lines and control lines).
  • Labeling was terminated by washing the targets with cold media containing 5% FBS for a total of three washes.
  • Target cells were resuspended at a concentration of 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 4 /ml. About 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 3 targets in 100 ml were delivered to each well containing CTL (effectors) seeded at different E:T ratios. Spontaneous release wells contained targets in media alone, while maximal release wells contained targets in 2% NP-40 detergent (Igepal CA-630; Sigma). HLA restriction of CTL-mediated killing was achieved by preincubation of targets with HLA-specific antibodies prior to incubation with CTL.
  • Peptide-stimulated CTL were reacted with 51 Cr-labeled Ov2 tumor cells (E:T ratio of 40) in the presence of excess of cold targets in a 4-h Cr-release assay.
  • Cold targets were either empty T2 cells, T2 cells pulsed with 1 mg/ml relevant peptide (used to stimulate CTL) or irrelevant (control) peptides (HER-2/neu 369 ⁇ 377 or MART 127 ⁇ 35), or IFN- ⁇ pre-treated tumor cells (SKOV3.A2 and OVCAR 3) with the cold target in 5-fold excess of the hot target.
  • Results indicate that (i) CTL show specific interaction with the peptide to which they are sensitized to, and (ii) CTL compete for similar epitopes presented on Ov2 as were found in SKOV3.A2 and OVCAR3 cell lines by MS.

Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer, especially carcinomas, such as ovarian carcinoma. The invention discloses peptides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides that can be used to stimulate a CTL response against cancer.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/426,161, filed Jun. 23, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/006,177, filed Dec. 4, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,083,789, which claims priority from U.S. provisional application No. 60/251,022, filed Dec. 4, 2000, and U.S. provisional application No. 60/256,824, filed Dec. 20, 2000, the disclosures of which are all herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • SEQUENCE LISTING
  • The Sequence Listing has been submitted electronically as file 091910002U5_sequence_listing.txt, 5.96 MB, created Feb. 17, 2011 and is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates generally to the field of immunogens whose structures incorporate polypeptides comprising epitopic peptides derived from proteins expressed by cancer cells and to uses of said immunogens in eliciting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer, preferably carcinoma, most preferably ovarian carcinoma.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The mammalian immune system has evolved a variety of mechanisms to protect the host from cancerous cells, an important component of this response being mediated by cells referred to as T cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are specialized T cells that function primarily by recognizing and killing cancerous cells or infected cells, but also by secreting soluble molecules referred to as cytokines that can mediate a variety of effects on the immune system.
  • Evidence suggests that immunotherapy designed to stimulate a tumor-specific CTL response would be effective in controlling cancer. For example, it has been shown that human CTLs recognize sarcomas (Slovin, S. F. et al., J. Immunol., 137:3042-3048, (1987)), renal cell carcinomas (Schendel, D. J. et al., J. Immunol., 151:4209-4220, (1993)), colorectal carcinomas (Jacob, L. et al., Int. J. Cancer, 71:325-332, (1997)), ovarian carcinomas (Loannides, C. G. et al., J. Immunol., 146:1700-1707, (1991)) (Peoples, G. E. et al., Surgery, 114:227-234, (1993)), pancreatic carcinomas (Peiper, M. et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 27:1115-1123, (1997); Wolfel, T. et al., Int. J. Cancer, 54:636-644, (1993)), squamous tumors of the head and neck (Yasumura, S. et al., Cancer Res., 53:1461-1468, (1993)), and squamous carcinomas of the lung (Slingluff, C. L. Jr et al., Cancer Res., 54:2731-2737, (1994); Yoshino, I. et al., Cancer Res., 54:3387-3390, (1994)). The largest number of reports of human tumor-reactive CTLs have concerned cancers (Boon, T. et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 12:337-365, (1994)). The ability of tumor-specific CTLs to mediate tumor regression, in both human (Rosenberg, S. A. et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 319:1676-1680, (1988)) and animal models (Celluzzi, C. M. et al., J. Exp. Med., 183:283-287, (1996); Mayordomo, J. I. et al., Nat. Med., 1:1297-1302, (1995); Zitvogel, L. et al., J. Exp. Med., 183:87-97, (1996)), suggests that methods directed at increasing CTL activity would likely have a beneficial effect with respect to tumor treatment.
  • In order for CTLs to kill or secrete cytokines in response to a cancer cell, the CTL must first recognize that cell as being cancerous. This process involves the interaction of the T cell receptor, located on the surface of the CTL, with what is generically referred to as an MHC-peptide complex which is located on the surface of the cancerous cell. MHC (major histocompatibility-complex)-encoded molecules have been subdivided into two types, and are referred to as class I and class II MHC-encoded molecules.
  • In the human immune system, MHC molecules are referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Within the MHC, located on chromosome six, are three different genetic loci that encode for class I MHC molecules. MHC molecules encoded at these loci are referred to as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. The genes that can be encoded at each of these loci are extremely polymorphic, and thus, different individuals within the population express different class I MHC molecules on the surface of their cells. HLA-A1, HLA-A2, HLA-A3, HLA-B7, and HLA-B8 are examples of different class I MHC molecules that can be expressed from these loci. The present disclosure involves peptides that are associated with the HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11 molecules, HLA-A1 supertypes, HLA-A2 supertypes, and HLA-A11 supertypes and with the gene and protein that gives rise to these peptides. A supertype is a group of HLA molecules that present at least one shared epitope.
  • The peptides that associate with the MHC molecules can either be derived from proteins made within the cell, in which case they typically associate with class I MHC molecules (Rock, K. L. and Golde, U., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 17:739-779, (1999)) or they can be derived from proteins that are acquired from outside of the cell, in which case they typically associate with class II MHC molecules (Watts, C., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 15:821-850, (1997)). Peptides that evoke a cancer-specific CTL response most typically associate with class I MHC molecules. The peptides that associate with a class I MHC molecule are typically nine amino acids in length, but can vary from a minimum length of eight amino acids to a maximum of fourteen amino acids in length. A class I MHC molecule with its bound peptide, or a class II MHC molecule with its bound peptide, is referred to as an MHC-peptide complex.
  • The process by which intact proteins are degraded into peptides is referred to as antigen processing. Two major pathways of antigen processing occur within cells (Rock, K. L. and Golde, U., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 17:739-779, (1999); Watts, C., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 15:821-850, (1997)). One pathway, which is largely restricted to cells that are antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, degrades proteins that are typically phagocytosed or endocytosed into the cell. Peptides derived in this pathway typically bind to class II MHC molecules. A second pathway of antigen processing is present in essentially all cells of the body. This second pathway primarily degrades proteins that are made within the cells, and the peptides derived from this pathway primarily bind to class I MHC molecules. It is the peptides from this second pathway of antigen processing that are referred to herein. Antigen processing by this latter pathway involves polypeptide synthesis and proteolysis in the cytoplasm. The peptides produced are then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell, associate with newly synthesized class I MHC molecules, and the resulting MHC-peptide complexes are then transported to the cell surface. Peptides derived from membrane and secreted proteins have also been identified. In some cases these peptides correspond to the signal sequence of the proteins that are cleaved from the protein by the signal peptidase. In other cases, it is thought that some fraction of the membrane and secreted proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm where processing subsequently occurs.
  • Once bound to the class I MHC molecule and displayed on the surface of a cell, the peptides are recognized by antigen-specific receptors on CTLs. Mere expression of the class I MHC molecule itself is insufficient to trigger the CTL to kill the target cell if the antigenic peptide is not bound to the class I MHC molecule. Several methods have been developed to identify the peptides recognized by CTL, each method relying on the ability of a CTL to recognize and kill only those cells expressing the appropriate class I MHC molecule with the peptide bound to it (Rosenberg, S. A., Immunity, 10:281-287, (1999)). Such peptides can be derived from a non-self source, such as a pathogen (for example, following the infection of a cell by a bacterium or a virus) or from a self-derived protein within a cell, such as a cancerous cell. Examples of sources of self-derived proteins in cancerous cells have been reviewed (Gilboa, E., Immunity, 11:263-270, (1999); Rosenberg, S. A., Immunity, 10:281-287, (1999)) and include: (i) mutated genes; (ii) aberrantly expressed genes such as an alternative open reading frame or through an intron-exon boundary; (iii) normal genes that are selectively expressed in only the tumor and the testis; and (iv) normal differentiation genes that are expressed in the tumor and the normal cellular counterpart.
  • Four different methodologies have typically been used for identifying the peptides that are recognized by CTLs. These are: (i) the genetic method; (2) motif analysis; (3) SErological analysis of REcombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX™); and (iv) the analytical chemistry approach or the Direct Identification of Relevant Epitopes for Clinical Therapeutics (DIREC™).
  • The genetic method is an approach in which progressively smaller subsets of cDNA libraries from tumor cells are transfected into cells that express the appropriate MHC molecule but not the tumor-specific epitope. The molecular clones encoding T cell epitopes are identified by their ability to reconstitute tumor specific T cell recognition of transfected cells. The exact T cell epitope is then identified by a combination of molecular subcloning and the use of synthetic peptides based on the predicted amino acid sequence. Such methods, however, are susceptible to inadvertent identification of cross-reacting peptides, and are not capable of identifying important post-translational modifications.
  • Motif analysis involves scanning a protein for peptides containing known class I MHC binding motifs, followed by synthesis and assay of the predicted peptides for their ability to be recognized by tumor-specific CTL. This approach requires prior knowledge of the protein from which the peptides are derived. This approach is also greatly hampered by the fact that not all of the predicted peptide epitopes are presented on the surface of a cell (Yewdell, J. W. and Bennink, J. R., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 17:51-88, (1999)), thus additional experimentation is required to determine which of the predicted epitopes is useful.
  • The SEREX™ approach relies on using antibodies in the serum of cancer patients to screen cDNA expression libraries for a clone that expresses a protein recognized by the antibody. This methodology presumes that an antibody response will necessarily have developed in the presence of a T cell response, and thus, the identified clone is good candidate to encode a protein that can be recognized by T cells.
  • DIREC™ involves a combination of cellular immunology and mass spectrometry. This approach involves the actual identification of CTL epitopes by sequencing the naturally occurring peptides associated with class I MHC molecules. In this approach, cells are first lysed in a detergent solution, the peptides associated with the class I MHC molecules are purified, and the peptides fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peptides are then used to reconstitute recognition by tumor-specific CTLs on a non-tumor cell expressing the appropriate MHC molecules. Sequencing is readily performed by tandem mass spectrometry (Henderson, R. A. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A, 90:10275-10279, (1993); Hogan, K. T. et al., Cancer Res., 58:5144-5150, (1998); Hunt, D. F. et al., Science, 255:1261-1263, (1992); Slingluff, C. L. Jr et al., J. Immunol., 150:2955-2963, (1993)).
  • Immunization with cancer-derived, class I MHC-encoded molecule-associated peptides, or with a precursor polypeptide or protein that contains the peptide, or with a gene that encodes a polypeptide or protein containing the peptide, are forms of immunotherapy that can be employed in the treatment of cancer. These forms of immunotherapy require that immunogens be identified so that they can be formulated into an appropriate vaccine. Although a variety of cancer-derived antigens have been identified (Rosenberg, S. A., Immunity, 10:281-287, (1999)), not all of these are appropriate for broad-based immunotherapy as the expression of some peptides is limited to the tumor derived from a specific patient. Furthermore, the number of class I MHC molecules from which tumor-derived peptides have been discovered is largely restricted to HLA-A2. Thus, it would be useful to identify additional peptides that complex with class I MHC molecules other than HLA-A2. Such peptides would be particularly useful in the treatment of cancer patients who do not express the HLA-A2 molecule, HLA-A1 or HLA-A11 antigens, HLA-A1 supertypes, HLA-A2 supertypes and HLA-A11 supertypes, for example. It is also particularly useful to identify antigenic peptides that are derived from different original proteins, even if the derived peptides associate with the same class I MHC molecule. Because an active immune response can result in the outgrowth of tumor cells that have lost the expression of a particular precursor protein for a given antigenic peptide, it is advantageous to stimulate an immune response against peptides derived from more than one protein, as the chances of the tumor cell losing the expression of both proteins is the multiple of the chances of losing each of the individual proteins.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to Immunogens comprising polypeptides with amino acid sequences comprising epitopic sequences selected from the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 and which immunogens facilitate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against cancers. The present invention also relates to nucleic acid molecules that encode for the polypeptides and/or the full length proteins from which the polypeptides are derived, of such immunogens, and which can also be used to facilitate an immune response against cancer.
  • The present invention provides compositions comprising the immunogen described herein, and polynucleotides that direct the synthesis of such polypeptides, whereby the oligopeptides and polypeptides of such immunogens are capable of inducing a CTL response against cells expressing a protein comprising an epitopic sequence of at least one of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533. The cells are usually cancer cells, preferably carcinoma cells, most preferably ovarian carcinomas expressing such proteins.
  • The present invention further relates to polynucleotides comprising the gene coding for a polypeptide of the immunogens disclosed herein.
  • The present invention also provides methods that comprise contacting a lymphocyte, especially a CTL, with an immunogen of the invention under conditions that induce a CTL response against a tumor cell, and more specifically against a cancer cell. The methods may involve contacting the CTL with the immunogenic peptide in vivo, in which case the peptides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides of the invention are used as vaccines, and will be delivered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and the immunogen, typically along with an adjuvant or one or more cytokines.
  • Alternatively, the immunogens of the present invention can be used to induce a CTL response in vitro. The generated CTL can then be introduced into a patient with cancer, more specifically cancer, colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma. Alternatively, the ability to generate CTL in vitro could serve as a diagnostic for cancer generally, including colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions
  • As used herein and except as noted otherwise, all terms are defined as given below.
  • The term “peptide” is used herein to designate a series of amino acid residues, connected one to the other typically by peptide bonds between the alpha-amino and carbonyl groups of the adjacent amino acids. The peptides are typically 9 amino acids in length, but can be as short as 8 amino acids in length, and as long as 14 amino acids in length.
  • The term “oligopeptide” is used herein to designate a series of amino acid residues, connected one to the other typically by peptide bonds between the alpha-amino and carbonyl groups of the adjacent amino acids. The length of the oligopeptide is not critical to the invention as long as the correct epitope or epitopes are maintained therein. The oligopeptides are typically less than about 30 amino acid residues in length, and greater than about 14 amino acids in length.
  • The term “polypeptide” designates a series of amino acid residues, connected one to the other typically by peptide bonds between the alpha-amino and carbonyl groups of the adjacent amino acids. The length of the polypeptide is not critical to the invention as long as the correct epitopes are maintained. In contrast to the terms peptide or oligopeptide, the term polypeptide is meant to refer to protein molecules of longer than about 30 residues in length.
  • A peptide, oligopeptide, protein, or polynucleotide coding for such a molecule is “immunogenic” (and thus an “immunogen” within the present invention) if it is capable of inducing an immune response. In the case of the present invention, immunogenicity is more specifically defined as the ability to induce a CTL-mediated response. Thus, an “immunogen” would be a molecule that is capable of inducing an immune response, and in the case of the present invention, a molecule capable of inducing a CTL response.
  • A T cell “epitope” is a short peptide molecule that binds to a class I or II MHC molecule and that is subsequently recognized by a T cell. T cell epitopes that bind to class I MHC molecules are typically 8-14 amino acids in length, and most typically 9 amino acids in length. T cell epitopes that bind to class II MHC molecules are typically 12-20 amino acids in length. In the case of epitopes that bind to class II MHC molecules, the same T cell epitope may share a common core segment, but differ in the length of the carboxy- and amino-terminal flanking sequences due to the fact that ends of the peptide molecule are not buried in the structure of the class II MHC molecule peptide-binding cleft as they are in the class I MHC molecule peptide-binding cleft.
  • There are three different genetic loci that encode for class I MHC molecules: HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. HLA-A1, HLA-A2, and HLA-A11 are examples of different class I MHC molecules that can be expressed from these loci. The present invention also involves peptides that are associated with HLA-A1 supertypes, HLA-A2 supertypes, and HLA-A11 supertypes. A supertype is a group of HLA molecules that present at least one shared epitope. MHC molecule peptides that have been found to bind to one member of the MHC allele supertype family (A1 for example) are thought to be likely to bind to other members of the same supertype family (A32 for example; see Table 1, below.
  • TABLE 1
    Supertype Motif Genotypes
    A1 x[TI(SVLM)] A*0101, A*0102, A*2501, A*2601, A*2604,
    xxxxxx[WFY] A*3201, A*3601, A*4301, A*8001
    A2 x[LIVMATQ] A*0201, A*0202, A*0203, A*0204, A*0205,
    xxxxxx[LIVMAT] A*0206, A*0207, A*6802, A*6901
    A3 x[AILMVST] A*0301, A*1101, A*3101, A*3301, A*6801
    xxxxxx[RK]
    A24 x[YF(WIVLMT)] A*2301, A*2402, A*2403, A*2404, A*3001,
    xxxxxx[FI(YWLM)] A*3002, A*3003
    B7 x[P]xxxxxx B*0702, B*0703, B*0704, B*0705, B*1508, B*3501,
    [ALIMVFWY] B*3502, B*3503, B*51, B*5301, B*5401, B*5501,
    B*5502, B*5601, B*5602, B*6701, B*7801
    B27 x[RKH]xxxxxx B*1401, B*1402, B*1503, B*1509, B*1510, B*1518,
    [FLY(WMI)] B*2701, B*2702, B*2703, B*2704, B*2705, B*2706,
    B*2707, B*2708, B*3801, B*3802, B*3901, B*3902,
    B*3903, B*3904, B*4801, B*4802, B*7301
    B44 x[E(D)]xxxxxx B*18, B*3701, B*4001, B*4006, B*4101, B*4402,
    [FWYLIMVA] B*4403, B*4501, B*4901, B*5001
    B58 x[AST]xxxxxx B*1516, B*1517, B*5701, B*5702, B*58
    [FWY(LIV)]
    B62 x[QL(IVMP)] B*1301, B*1302, B*1501, B*1502, B*1506, B*1512,
    xxxxxx[FWY(MIV)] B*1513, B*1514, B*1519, B*1521, B*4601, B*52
  • As used herein, reference to a DNA sequence includes both single stranded and double stranded DNA. Thus, the specific sequence, unless the context indicates otherwise, refers to the single strand DNA of such sequence, the duplex of such sequence with its complement (double stranded DNA) and the complement of such sequence.
  • The term “coding region” refers to that portion of a gene which either naturally or normally codes for the expression product of that gene in its natural genomic environment, i.e., the region coding in vivo for the native expression product of the gene. The coding region can be from a normal, mutated or altered gene, or can even be from a DNA sequence, or gene, wholly synthesized in the laboratory using methods well known to those of skill in the art of DNA synthesis.
  • The term “nucleotide sequence” refers to a heteropolymer of deoxyribonucleotides. The nucleotide sequence encoding for a particular peptide, oligopeptide, or polypeptide may be naturally occurring or they may be synthetically constructed. Generally, DNA segments encoding the peptides, polypeptides, and proteins of this invention are assembled from cDNA fragments and short oligonucleotide linkers, or from a series of oligonucleotides, to provide a synthetic gene which is capable of being expressed in a recombinant transcriptional unit comprising regulatory elements derived from a microbial or viral operon.
  • The term “expression product” means that polypeptide or protein that is the natural translation product of the gene and any nucleic acid sequence coding equivalents resulting from genetic code degeneracy and thus coding for the same amino acid(s).
  • The term “fragment,” when referring to a coding sequence, means a portion of DNA comprising less than the complete coding region whose expression product retains essentially the same biological function or activity as the expression product of the complete coding region.
  • The term “DNA segment” refers to a DNA polymer, in the form of a separate fragment or as a component of a larger DNA construct, which has been derived from DNA isolated at least once in substantially pure form, i.e., free of contaminating endogenous materials and in a quantity or concentration enabling identification, manipulation, and recovery of the segment and its component nucleotide sequences by standard biochemical methods, for example, by using a cloning vector. Such segments are provided in the form of an open reading frame uninterrupted by internal nontranslated sequences, or introns, which are typically present in eukaryotic genes. Sequences of non-translated DNA may be present downstream from the open reading frame, where the same do not interfere with manipulation or expression of the coding regions.
  • The term “primer” means a short nucleic acid sequence that is paired with one strand of DNA and provides a free 3′0H end at which a DNA polymerase starts synthesis of a deoxyribonucleotide chain.
  • The term “promoter” means a region of DNA involved in binding of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
  • The term “open reading frame (ORF)” means a series of triplets coding for amino acids without any termination codons and is a sequence (potentially) translatable into protein.
  • The term “isolated” means that the material is removed from its original environment (e.g., the natural environment if it is naturally occurring). For example, a naturally-occurring polynucleotide or polypeptide present in a living animal is not isolated, but the same polynucleotide or polypeptide, separated from some or all of the coexisting materials in the natural system, is isolated. Such polynucleotides could be part of a vector and/or such polynucleotides or polypeptides could be part of a composition, and still be isolated in that such vector or composition is not part of its natural environment.
  • The polynucleotides, and recombinant or immunogenic polypeptides, disclosed in accordance with the present invention may also be in “purified” form. The term “purified” does not require absolute purity; rather, it is intended as a relative definition, and can include preparations that are highly purified or preparations that are only partially purified, as those terms are understood by those of skill in the relevant art. For example, individual clones isolated from a cDNA library have been conventionally purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Purification of starting material or natural material to at least one order of magnitude, preferably two or three orders, and more preferably four or five orders of magnitude is expressly contemplated. Furthermore, the claimed polypeptide which has a purity of preferably 0.001%, or at least 0.01% or 0.1%; and even desirably 1% by weight or greater is expressly contemplated.
  • The nucleic acids and polypeptide expression products disclosed according to the present invention, as well as expression vectors containing such nucleic acids and/or such polypeptides, may be in “enriched form.” As used herein, the term “enriched” means that the concentration of the material is at least about 2, 5, 10, 100, or 1000 times its natural concentration (for example), advantageously 0.01%, by weight, preferably at least about 0.1% by weight. Enriched preparations of about 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% by weight are also contemplated. The sequences, constructs, vectors, clones, and other materials comprising the present invention can advantageously be in enriched or isolated form.
  • The term “active fragment” means a fragment that generates an immune response (i.e., has immunogenic activity) when administered, alone or optionally with a suitable adjuvant, to an animal, such as a mammal, for example, a rabbit or a mouse, and also including a human, such immune response taking the form of stimulating a CTL response within the recipient animal, such as a human. Alternatively, the “active fragment” may also be used to induce a CTL response in vitro.
  • As used herein, the terms “portion,” “segment,” and “fragment,” when used in relation to polypeptides, refer to a continuous sequence of residues, such as amino acid residues, which sequence forms a subset of a larger sequence. For example, if a polypeptide were subjected to treatment with any of the common endopeptidases, such as trypsin or chymotrypsin, the oligopeptides resulting from such treatment would represent portions, segments or fragments of the starting polypeptide. This means that any such fragment will necessarily contain as part of its amino acid sequence a segment, fragment or portion, that is substantially identical, if not exactly identical, to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 792-1513, which correspond to the naturally occurring, or “parent” proteins of the SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533. When used in relation to polynucleotides, such terms refer to the products produced by treatment of said polynucleotides with any of the common endonucleases.
  • In accordance with the present invention, the term “percent identity” or “percent identical,” when referring to a sequence, means that a sequence is compared to a claimed or described sequence after alignment of the sequence to be compared (the “Compared Sequence”) with the described or claimed sequence (the “Reference Sequence”). The Percent Identity is then determined according to the following formula:

  • Percent Identity=100[1−(C/R)]
  • wherein C is the number of differences between the Reference Sequence and the Compared Sequence over the length of alignment between the Reference Sequence and the Compared Sequence wherein (i) each base or amino acid in the Reference Sequence that does not have a corresponding aligned base or amino acid in the Compared Sequence and (ii) each gap in the Reference Sequence and (iii) each aligned base or amino acid in the Reference Sequence that is different from an aligned base or amino acid in the Compared Sequence, constitutes a difference; and R is the number of bases or amino acids in the Reference Sequence over the length of the alignment with the Compared Sequence with any gap created in the Reference Sequence also being counted as a base or amino acid.
  • If an alignment exists between the Compared Sequence and the Reference Sequence for which the percent identity as calculated above is about equal to or greater than a specified minimum Percent Identity then the Compared Sequence has the specified minimum percent identity to the Reference Sequence even though alignments may exist in which the herein above calculated Percent Identity is less than the specified Percent Identity.
  • The present invention relates generally to immunogens and immunogenic compositions, and methods of use therefore, for the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer, especially carcinomas, including ovarian carcinomas. Disclosed according to the invention are immunogens comprising proteins or polypeptides whose amino acid sequences comprises one or more epitopic oligopeptides with sequences selected from the group SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533. In addition, the invention further relates to polynucleotides that can be used to stimulate a CTL response against cancer, and more specifically carcinoma, especially ovarian carcinomas.
  • In accordance with the present invention there are disclosed specific oligopeptide sequences with amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, which represent epitopic peptides (i.e. immunogenic oligopeptide sequences) of at least about 8 amino acids in length, preferably about 9 amino acids in length (i.e., nonapeptides), and no longer than about 10 amino acids in length and present as part of a larger structure, such as a polypeptide or full length protein.
  • The polypeptides forming the immunogens of the present invention have amino acid sequences that comprise at least one stretch, possibly two, three, four, or more stretches of about 8 to 10 residues in length and which stretches differ in amino acid sequence from the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 by no more than about 1 amino acid residue, preferably a conservative amino acid residue, especially amino acids of the same general chemical character, such as where they are hydrophobic amino acids.
  • Said polypeptides can be of any desired length so long as they have immunogenic activity in that they are able, under a given set of desirable conditions, to elicit in vitro or in vivo the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (i.e., a CTL response) against a presentation of a cancer specific protein, especially a carcinoma or sarcoma specific protein, most especially MAGE D, MAGE 4, MFG-E8 or human retinoblastoma-like protein, especially when such proteins are presented along with MHC-1 proteins, such as where said proteins are presented in vitro or in vivo by an antigen presenting cell (APC). The proteins and polypeptides forming the immunogens of the present invention can be naturally occurring or may be synthesized chemically. According to the present invention the polypeptides may comprise at least one of SEQ ID NO: 792-1513.
  • The present invention is also directed to an isolated polypeptide, especially one having immunogenic activity, the sequence of which comprises within it one or more stretches comprising any 2 or more of the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 and in any relative quantities and wherein said sequences may differ by one amino acid residues from the sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 in any given stretch of 8 to 10 amino acid residues. Thus, within the present invention, by way of a non-limiting example only, such polypeptide may contain as part of its amino acid sequence, nonapeptide fragments having up to 8 amino acids identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1-4 such that the polypeptide comprises, in a specific embodiment, 2 segments with at least 8 residues identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 and one segment with at least 8 residues identical to SEQ ID NO: 3. In other embodiments, other combinations and permutations of the epitopic sequences disclosed herein may be part of an immunogen of the present invention or of such a polypeptide so long as any such polypeptide comprises at least 2 such epitopes, whether such epitopes are different or the same. Thus, in a specific embodiment, a polypeptide of the present invention may comprise 2 copies of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 at some point or points within its length. Of course, any combinations and permutations of the epitopes disclosed herein, as long as they are present at least two in number in such polypeptides, are expressly contemplated.
  • All of the epitopic peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 are derived from proteins expressed by cancer cells and sequences and were identified through the method of Automated High Through-put Sequencing (HTPS). Accordingly, SEQ ID NO: 792-1513 are polypeptides that comprise at least one of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • Oligopeptides as disclosed herein may themselves be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art. (Grant, G. A., Synthetic Peptides: A User's Guide, 1992, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York).
  • Besides the sequences of SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533, the proteins and polypeptides forming the immunogens of the present invention may also comprise one or more other immunogenic amino acid stretches known to be associated with cancer, and more specifically with carcinomas and melanomas, including colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma, and which may stimulate a CTL response whereby the immunogenic peptides associate with HLA-A1 or HLA-A11, or HLA-A2, or another class I MHC (i.e., MHC-1) molecule.
  • The immunogens of the present invention can be in the form of a composition of one or more of the different immunogens and wherein each immunogen is present in any desired relative abundance. Such compositions can be homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to the individual immunogenic peptide components present therein, having only one or more than one of such peptides.
  • The oligopeptides and polypeptides useful in practicing the present invention may be derived by fractionation of naturally occurring proteins by methods such as protease treatment, or they may be produced by recombinant or synthetic methodologies that are well known and clear to the skilled artisan (Ausubel, F. M. et al, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor). The polypeptide may comprise a recombinant or synthetic polypeptide that comprises at least one of SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533 which sequences may also be present in multiple copies. Thus, oligopeptides and polypeptides of the present invention may have one, two, three, or more such immunogenic peptides within the amino acid sequence of said oligopeptides and polypeptides, and said immunogenic peptides, or epitopes, may be the same or may be different, or may have any number of such sequences wherein some of them are identical to each other in amino acid sequence while others within the same polypeptide sequence are different from each other and said epitopic sequences may occur in any order within said immunogenic polypeptide sequence. The location of such sequences within the sequence of a polypeptide forming an immunogen of the invention may affect relative immunogenic activity. In addition, immunogens of the present invention may comprise more than one protein comprising the amino acid sequences disclosed herein. Such polypeptides may be part of a single composition or may themselves be covalently or non-covalently linked to each other.
  • The immunogenic peptides disclosed herein may also be linked directly to, or through a spacer or linker to: an immunogenic carrier such as serum albumin, tetanus toxoid, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, dextran, or a recombinant virus particle; an immunogenic peptide known to stimulate a T helper cell type immune response; a cytokine such as interferon gamma or GMCSF; a targeting agent such as an antibody or receptor ligand; a stabilizing agent such as a lipid; or a conjugate of a plurality of epitopes to a branched lysine core structure, such as the so-called “multiple antigenic peptide” described in (Posneft, D. N. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 263:1719-1725, (1988)); a compound such as polyethylene glycol to increase the half life of the peptide; or additional amino acids such as a leader or secretory sequence, or a sequence employed for the purification of the mature sequence. Spacers and linkers are typically comprised of relatively small, neutral molecules, such as amino acids and which are substantially uncharged under physiological conditions. Such spacers are typically selected from the group of nonpolar or neutral polar amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, serine and other similar amino acids. Such optional spacers or linkers need not be comprised of the same residues and thus may be either homo- or hetero-oligomers. When present, such linkers will commonly be of length at least one or two, commonly 3, 4, 5, 6, and possibly as much as 10 or even up to 20 residues (in the case of amino acids). In addition, such linkers need not be composed of amino acids but any oligomeric structures will do as well so long as they provide the correct spacing so as to optimize the desired level of immunogenic activity of the immunogens of the present invention. The immunogen may therefore take any form that is capable of eliciting a CTL response.
  • In addition, the immunogenic peptides of the present invention may be part of an immunogenic structure via attachments other than conventional peptide bonds. Thus, any manner of attaching the peptides of the invention to an immunogen of the invention, such as an immunogenic polypeptide as disclosed herein, could provide an immunogenic structure as claimed herein. Thus, immunogens, such as proteins of the invention, are structures that contain the peptides disclosed according to the present invention but such immunogenic peptides may not necessarily be attached thereto by the conventional means of using ordinary peptide bounds. The immunogens of the present invention simply contain such peptides as part of their makeup, but how such peptides are to be combined to form the final immunogen is left to the talent and imagination of the user and is in no way restricted or limited by the disclosure contained herein.
  • The peptides that are naturally processed and bound to a class I MHC molecule, and which are recognized by a tumor-specific CTL, need not be the optimal peptides for stimulating a CTL response. See, for example, (Parkhurst, M. R. et al., J. Immunol., 157:2539-2548, (1996); Rosenberg, S. A. et al., Nat. Med., 4:321-327, (1998)). Thus, there can be utility in modifying a peptide, such that it more readily induces a CTL response. Generally, peptides may be modified at two types of positions. The peptides may be modified at amino acid residues that are predicted to interact with the class I MHC molecule, in which case the goal is to create a peptide that has a higher affinity for the class I MHC molecule than does the original peptide. The peptides can also be modified at amino acid residues that are predicted to interact with the T cell receptor on the CTL, in which case the goal is to create a peptide that has a higher affinity for the T cell receptor than does the original peptide. Both of these types of modifications can result in a variant peptide that is related to an original peptide, but which is better able to induce a CTL response than is the original peptide. As used herein, the term “original peptide” means an oligopeptide with the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • The original peptides disclosed herein can be modified by the substitution of one or more residues at different, possibly selective, sites within the peptide chain. Such substitutions may be of a conservative nature, for example, where one amino acid is replaced by an amino acid of similar structure and characteristics, such as where a hydrophobic amino acid is replaced by another hydrophobic amino acid. Even more conservative would be replacement of amino acids of the same or similar size and chemical nature, such as where leucine is replaced by isoleucine. In studies of sequence variations in families of naturally occurring homologous proteins, certain amino acid substitutions are more often tolerated than others, and these are often show correlation with similarities in size, charge, polarity, and hydrophobicity between the original amino acid and its replacement, and such is the basis for defining “conservative substitutions.”
  • Conservative substitutions are herein defined as exchanges within one of the following five groups: Group 1—small aliphatic, nonpolar or slightly polar residues (Ala, Ser, Thr, Pro, Gly); Group 2—polar, negatively charged residues and their amides (Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln); Group 3—polar, positively charged residues (His, Arg, Lys); Group 4—large, aliphatic, nonpolar residues (Met, Leu, lie, Val, Cys); and Group 4—large, aromatic residues (Phe, Tyr, Trp).
  • Less conservative substitutions might involve the replacement of one amino acid by another that has similar characteristics but is somewhat different in size, such as replacement of an alanine by an isoleucine residue. Highly nonconservative replacements might involve substituting an acidic amino acid for one that is polar, or even for one that is basic in character. Such radical substitutions cannot, however, be dismissed as potentially ineffective since chemical effects are not totally predictable and radical substitutions might well give rise to serendipitous effects not otherwise predictable from simple chemical principles.
  • Of course, such substitutions may involve structures other than the common L-amino acids. Thus, D-amino acids might be substituted for the L-amino acids commonly found in the antigenic peptides of the invention and yet still be encompassed by the disclosure herein. In addition, amino acids possessing non-standard R groups (i.e., R groups other than those found in the common 20 amino acids of natural proteins) may also be used for substitution purposes to produce immunogens and immunogenic polypeptides according to the present invention.
  • If substitutions at more than one position are found to result in a peptide with substantially equivalent or greater antigenic activity as defined below, then combinations of those substitutions will be tested to determine if the combined substitutions result in additive or syngeneic effects on the antigenicity of the peptide. At most, no more than 4 positions within the peptide would simultaneously be substituted.
  • Based on cytotoxicity assays, an epitope is considered substantially identical to the reference peptide if it has at least 10% of the antigenic activity of the reference peptide as defined by the ability of the substituted peptide to reconstitute the epitope recognized by a CTL in comparison to the reference peptide. Thus, when comparing the lytic activity in the linear portion of the effector:target curves with equimolar concentrations of the reference and substituted peptides, the observed percent specific killing of the target cells incubated with the substituted peptide should be equal to that of the reference peptide at an effector:target ratio that is no greater than 10-fold above the reference peptide effector:target ratio at which the comparison is being made.
  • Preferably, when the CTLs specific for a peptide of SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533 are tested against the substituted peptides, the peptide concentration at which the substituted peptides achieve half the maximal increase in lysis relative to background is no more than about 1 mM, preferably no more than about 1 μM, more preferably no more than about 1 nM, and still more preferably no more than about 100 μM, and most preferably no more than about 10 μM. It is also preferred that the substituted peptide be recognized by CTLs from more than one individual, at least two, and more preferably three individuals.
  • Thus, the epitopes of the present invention may be identical to naturally occurring tumor-associated or tumor-specific epitopes or may include epitopes that differ by no more than 4 residues from the reference peptide, as long as they have substantially identical antigenic activity.
  • It should be appreciated that an immunogen may consist only of a peptide of SEQ ID NO:1-791 or 1514-1533, or comprise a peptide of SEQ ID NO:1-791 or 1514-1533, or comprise a plurality of peptides selected from SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533, or comprise a polypeptide that itself comprises one or more of the epitopic peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533.
  • The immunogenic peptides and polypeptides of the invention can be prepared synthetically, by recombinant DNA technology, or they can be isolated from natural sources such as tumor cells expressing the original protein product.
  • The polypeptides and oligopeptides disclosed herein can be synthesized in solution or on a solid support in accordance with conventional techniques. Various automated peptide synthesizers are commercially available and can be used in accordance with known protocols. See, for example, (Grant, G. A., Synthetic Peptides: A User's Guide, 1992, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York). Fragments of polypeptides of the invention can also be synthesized as intermediates in the synthesis of a larger polypeptide.
  • Recombinant DNA technology may be employed wherein a nucleotide sequence which encodes an immunogenic peptide or polypeptide of interest is inserted into an expression vector, transformed or transfected into an appropriate host cell, and cultivated under conditions suitable for expression. These procedures are well known in the art to the skilled artisan, as described in (Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Immunology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Ausubel, F. M. et al, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor). Thus, recombinantly produced peptides or polypeptides can be used as the immunogens of the invention.
  • The coding sequences for peptides of the length contemplated herein can be synthesized on commercially available automated DNA synthesizers using protocols that are well know in the art. See for example, (Grant, G. A., Synthetic Peptides: A User's Guide, 1992, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York; Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York). The coding sequences can also be modified such that a peptide or polypeptide will be produced that incorporates a desired amino acid substitution. The coding sequence can be provided with appropriate linkers, be ligated into suitable expression vectors that are commonly available in the art, and the resulting DNA or RNA molecule can be transformed or transfected into suitable hosts to produce the desired fusion protein. A number of such vectors and suitable host systems are available, and their selection is left to the skilled artisan. For expression of the fusion proteins, the coding sequence will be provided with operably linked start and stop codons, promoter and terminator regions, and a replication system to provide an expression vector for expression in the desired host cell. For example, promoter sequences compatible with bacterial hosts are provided in plasmids containing convenient restriction sites for insertion of the desired coding sequence. The resulting expression vectors are transformed into suitable bacterial hosts. Of course, yeast, insect, and mammalian host cells may also be used, employing suitable vectors and control sequences.
  • Host cells are genetically engineered (transduced or transformed or transfected) with the vectors of this invention which may be, for example, a cloning vector or an expression vector. The vector may be, for example, in the form of a plasmid, a viral particle, a phage, etc. The engineered host cells can be cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for activating promoters, selecting transformants or amplifying the genes of the present invention. The culture conditions, such as temperature, pH and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • More particularly, the present invention also includes recombinant constructs comprising one or more of the sequences as broadly described above. The constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a forward or reverse orientation. In a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the construct further comprises regulatory sequences, including, for example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence. Large numbers of suitable vectors and promoters are known to those of skill in the art, and are commercially available.
  • In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to host cells containing the above-described constructs. The host cell can be a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell, or the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell. Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-Dextran mediated transfection, or electroporation (Ausubel, F. M. et al, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor). Such cells can routinely be utilized for assaying CTL activity by having said genetically engineered, or recombinant, host cells express the immunogenic peptides of the present invention.
  • Various mammalian cell culture systems can also be employed to express recombinant protein. Examples of mammalian expression systems include the COS-7 lines of monkey kidney fibroblasts, described by Gluzman, Cell, 23:175 (1981), and other cell lines capable of expressing a compatible vector, for example, the C127, 3T3, CHO, HeLa and BHK cell lines. Mammalian expression vectors will comprise an origin of replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer, and also any necessary ribosome binding sites, polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, transcriptional termination sequences, and 5′ flanking non-transcribed sequences. DNA sequences derived from the SV40 splice, and polyadenylation sites may be used to provide the required nontranscribed genetic elements.
  • The polypeptide can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Protein refolding steps can be used, as necessary, in completing configuration of the mature protein. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps.
  • The immunogenic peptides of the present invention may be used to elicit CTLs ex vivo from either healthy individuals or from cancer patients with cancer, such as colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma. Such responses are induced by incubating in tissue culture the individual's CTL precursor lymphocytes together with a source of antigen presenting cells and the appropriate immunogenic peptide. Examples of suitable antigen presenting cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, and activated B cells. Typically, the peptide at concentrations between 10 and 40 μg/ml, would be pre-incubated with the antigen presenting cells for periods ranging from 1 to 18 hrs. β2-microglobulin (4 μg/ml) can be added during this time period to enhance binding. The antigen presenting cells may also be held at room temperature during the incubation period (Ljunggren, H.-G. et al., Nature, 346:476-480, (1990)) or pretreated with acid (Zeh, H. J., III et al., Hum. Immunol., 39:79-86, (1994)) to promote the generation of denatured class I MHC molecules which can then bind the peptide. The precursor CTLs (responders) are then added to the antigen presenting cells to which the immunogenic peptide has bound (stimulators) at responder to stimulator ratios of between 5:1 and 50:1, and most typically between 10:1 and 20:1. The co-cultivation of the cells is carried out at 37° C. in RPMI 1640, 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, and IL-2 (5-20 Units/ml). Other cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-7, and IL-12 may also be added to the culture. Fresh IL-2-containing media is added to the cultures every 2-4 days, typically by removing one-half the old media and replenishing it with an equal volume of fresh media. After 7-10 days, and every 7-10 days thereafter, the CTL are re-stimulated with antigen presenting cells to which immunogenic peptide has been bound as described above. Fresh IL-2-containing media is added to the cells throughout their culture as described above. Three to four rounds of stimulation, and sometimes as many five to eight rounds of stimulation, are required to generate a CTL response that can then be measured in vitro. The above described protocol is illustrative only and should not be considered limiting. Many in vitro CTL stimulation protocols have been described and the choice of which one to use is well within the knowledge of the skilled artisan. The peptide-specific CTL can be further expanded to large numbers by treatment with anti-CD3 antibody. For example, see (Riddell, S. R. and Greenberg, P. D., J. Immunol. Methods, 128:189-201, (1990); Walter, E. A. et al., N. Engl. J. Med., 333:1038-1044, (1995)).
  • Antigen presenting cells that are to be used to stimulate a CTL response are typically incubated with peptide of an optimal length, most commonly a nonapeptide, that allows for direct binding of the peptide to the class I MHC molecule without additional processing. Larger oligopeptides and polypeptides are generally ineffective in binding to class I MHC molecules as they are not efficiently processed into an appropriately sized peptide in the extracellular milieu. There a variety of approaches that are known in the art, however, that allow oligopeptides and polypeptides to be exogenously acquired by a cell, which then allows for their subsequent processing and presentation by a class I MHC molecule. Representative, but non-limiting examples of such approaches include electroporation of the molecules into the cell (Harding, C. H. III, Eur. J. Immunol., 22:1865-1869, (1992)), encapsulation of the molecules in liposomes which are fused to the cells of interest (Reddy, R. et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 141:157-163, (1991)), or osmotic shock in which the molecules are taken up via pinocytosis (Moore, M. W. et al., Cell, 54:777-785, (1988)). Thus, oligopeptides and polypeptides that comprise one or more of the peptides of the invention can be provided to antigen presenting cells in such a fashion that they are delivered to the cytoplasm of the cell, and are subsequently processed to allow presentation of the peptides.
  • Antigen presenting cells suitable for stimulating an in vitro CTL response that is specific for one or more of the peptides of the invention can also be prepared by introducing polynucleotide vectors encoding the sequences into the cells. These polynucleotides can be designed such that they express only a single peptide of the invention, multiple peptides of the invention, or even a plurality of peptides of the invention. There are a variety of approaches that are known in the art, that allow polynucleotides to be introduced and expressed in a cell, thus providing one or more peptides of the invention to the class I MHC molecule binding pathway. Representative, but non-limiting examples of such approaches include the introduction of plasmid DNA through particle-mediated gene transfer or electroporation (Tuting, T. et al., J. Immunol., 160:1139-1147, (1998)), or the transduction of cells with an adenovirus expressing the polynucleotide of interest (Perez-Diez, A. et al., Cancer Res., 58:5305-5309, (1998)). Thus, oligonucleotides that code for one or more of the peptides of the invention can be provided to antigen presenting cells in such a fashion that the peptides associate with class I MHC molecules and are presented on the surface of the antigen presenting cell, and consequently are available to stimulate a CTL response.
  • By preparing the stimulator cells used to generate an in vitro CTL response in different ways, it is possible to control the peptide specificity of CTL response. For example, the CTLs generated with a particular peptide will necessarily be specific for that peptide Likewise, CTLs that are generated with a polypeptide or polynucleotide expressing or coding for particular peptides will be limited to specificities that recognize those peptides. More broadly, stimulator cells, and more specifically dendritic cells, can be incubated in the presence of the whole protein. As a further alternative, stimulator cells, and more specifically dendritic cells, can be transduced or transfected with RNA or DNA comprising the polynucleotide sequence encoding the protein. Under these alternative conditions, peptide epitopes that are naturally cleaved out of the protein, and which are generated in addition to peptide epitopes of SEQ ID NO:1-791 and 1514-1533 can associate with an appropriate class I MHC molecule, which may or may not include HLA-A1, -A2, or -A3. The selection of antigen presenting cells and the type of antigen with which to stimulate the CTL, is left to the ordinary skilled artisan.
  • In certain embodiments, the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes (A11 is a member of the A3 supertype), whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has bound an immunogen comprising one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • In specific embodiments, the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes, whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has exogenously acquired an immunogenic oligopeptide or polypeptide that comprises one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • A yet additional embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes, comprising contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that is expressing a polynucleotide coding for a polypeptide of the invention and wherein said polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter.
  • In specific embodiments, the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has bound an immunogen comprising one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • In specific embodiments, the methods of the present invention include a method for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, whereby the method comprises contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that has exogenously acquired an immunogenic oligopeptide or polypeptide that comprises one or more of the peptides disclosed according to the invention.
  • A yet additional embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for inducing a CTL response in vitro that is specific for a tumor cell expressing HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, comprising contacting a CTL precursor lymphocyte with an antigen presenting cell that is expressing a polynucleotide coding for a polypeptide of the invention and wherein said polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter.
  • A variety of techniques exist for assaying the activity of CTL. These techniques include the labeling of target cells with radionuclides such as Na2 51Cr04 or 3H-thymidine, and measuring the release or retention of the radionuclides from the target cells as an index of cell death. Such assays are well-known in the art and their selection is left to the skilled artisan. Alternatively, CTL are known to release a variety of cytokines when they are stimulated by an appropriate target cell, such as a tumor cell expressing the relevant class I MHC molecule and the corresponding peptide. Non-limiting examples of such cytokines include IFN-γ, TNFα, and GM-CSF. Assays for these cytokines are well known in the art, and their selection is left to the skilled artisan. Methodology for measuring both target cell death and cytokine release as a measure of CTL reactivity are given in (Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Immunology, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York).
  • After expansion of the antigen-specific CTLs, the latter are then adoptively transferred back into the patient, where they will destroy their specific target cell. The utility of such adoptive transfer is demonstrated in North, R. J. et al. (Infect. Immun., 67:2010-2012, (1999)) and Riddell, S. R. et al. (Science, 257:238-241, (1992)). In determining the amount of cells to reinfuse, the skilled physician will be guided by the total number of cells available, the activity of the CTL as measured in vitro, and the condition of the patient. Preferably, however, about 1×106 to about 1×1012, more preferably about 1×108 to about 1×1011, and even more preferably, about 1×109 to about 1×1010 peptide-specific CTL are infused. Methodology for reinfusing the T cells into a patient are well known and exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,844,893 to Honski, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,915 to Rosenberg.
  • The peptide-specific CTL can be purified from the stimulator cells prior to infusion into the patient. For example, monoclonal antibodies directed towards the cell surface protein CD8, present on CTL, can be used in conjunction with a variety of isolation techniques such as antibody panning, flow cytometric sorting, and magnetic bead separation to purify the peptide-specific CTL away from any remaining non-peptide specific lymphocytes or from the stimulator cells. These methods are well known in the art, and are their selection is left to the skilled artisan. It should be appreciated that generation of peptide-specific CTL in this manner, obviates the need for stimulating the CTL in the presence of tumor. Thus, there is no chance of inadvertently reintroducing tumor cells into the patient.
  • Thus, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process for treating a subject with cancer characterized by tumor cells expressing complexes of a molecule from A1, A2, or A3 supertypes, for example, HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A11, whereby CTLs produced in vitro according to the present invention are administered in an amount sufficient to destroy the tumor cells through direct lysis or to effect the destruction of the tumor cells indirectly through the elaboration of cytokines.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a process for treating a subject with cancer characterized by tumor cells expressing any class I MHC molecule and an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, whereby the CTLs are produced in vitro and are specific for the epitope or original protein and are administered in an amount sufficient to destroy the tumor cells through direct lysis or to effect the destruction of the tumor cells indirectly through the elaboration of cytokines.
  • In the foregoing embodiments the cancer to be treated may include a colorectal carcinoma, an ovarian carcinoma, a breast carcinoma, a lung carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma, but especially ovarian carcinoma.
  • The ex vivo generated CTL can be used to identify and isolate the T cell receptor molecules specific for the peptide. The genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of the T cell receptor can be cloned into an expression vector system and transferred and expressed in naive T cells from peripheral blood, T cells from lymph nodes, or T lymphocyte progenitor cells from bone marrow. These T cells, which would then be expressing a peptide-specific T cell receptor, would then have anti-tumor reactivity and could be used in adoptive therapy of cancer, and more specifically cancer, colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma.
  • In addition to their use for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, the immunogenic peptides of the present invention are useful as screening and diagnostic agents. Thus, the immunogenic peptides of the present invention, together with modern techniques of gene screening, make it possible to screen patients for the presence of genes encoding such peptides on cells obtained by biopsy of tumors detected in such patients. The results of such screening may help determine the efficacy of proceeding with the regimen of treatment disclosed herein using the immunogens of the present invention.
  • Alternatively, the immunogenic peptides disclosed herein, as well as functionally similar homologs thereof, may be used to screen a sample for the presence of CTLs that specifically recognize the corresponding epitopes. The lymphocytes to be screened in this assay will normally be obtained from the peripheral blood, but lymphocytes can be obtained from other sources, including lymph nodes, spleen, tumors, and pleural fluid. The peptides of the present invention may then be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the efficacy of the immunotherapeutic treatments disclosed herein. Thus, the in vitro generation of CTL as described above would be used to determine if patients are likely to respond to the peptide in vivo. Similarly, the in vitro generation of CTL could be done with samples of lymphocytes obtained from the patient before and after treatment with the peptides. Successful generation of CTL in vivo should then be recognized by a correspondingly easier ability to generate peptide-specific CTL in vitro from lymphocytes obtained following treatment in comparison to those obtained before treatment.
  • The oligopeptides of the invention, such as SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, can also be used to prepare class I MHC tetramers which can be used in conjunction with flow cytometry to quantitate the frequency of peptide-specific CTL that are present in a sample of lymphocytes from an individual. Specifically, for example, class I MHC molecules comprising peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533, would be combined to form tetramers as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,363. Said tetramers would find use in monitoring the frequency of CTLs in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes, or tumor mass of an individual undergoing immunotherapy with the peptides, proteins, or polynucleotides of the invention, and it would be expected that successful immunization would lead to an increase in the frequency of the peptide-specific CTL.
  • As stated above, a vaccine in accordance with the present invention may include one or more of the hereinabove described polypeptides or active fragments thereof, or a composition, or pool, of immunogenic peptides disclosed herein. When employing more than one polypeptide or active fragment, two or more polypeptides and/or active fragments may be used as a physical mixture or as a fusion of two or more polypeptides or active fragments. The fusion fragment or fusion polypeptide may be produced, for example, by recombinant techniques or by the use of appropriate linkers for fusing previously prepared polypeptides or active fragments.
  • The immunogenic molecules of the invention, including vaccine compositions, may be utilized according to the present invention for purposes of preventing, suppressing or treating diseases causing the expression of the immunogenic peptides disclosed herein, such as where the antigen is being expressed by tumor cells. As used in accordance with the present invention, the term “prevention” relates to a process of prophylaxis in which an animal, especially a mammal, and most especially a human, is exposed to an immunogen of the present invention prior to the induction or onset of the disease process. This could be done where an individual has a genetic pedigree indicating a predisposition toward occurrence of the disease condition to be prevented. For example, this might be true of an individual whose ancestors show a predisposition toward certain types of cancer. Alternatively, the immunogen could be administered to the general population as is frequently done for infectious diseases. Alternatively, the term “suppression” is often used to describe a condition wherein the disease process has already begun but obvious symptoms of said condition have yet to be realized. Thus, the cells of an individual may have become cancerous but no outside signs of the disease have yet been clinically recognized. In either case, the term prophylaxis can be applied to encompass both prevention and suppression. Conversely, the term “treatment” is often utilized to mean the clinical application of agents to combat an already existing condition whose clinical presentation has already been realized in a patient. This would occur where an individual has already been diagnosed as having a tumor.
  • It is understood that the suitable dosage of an immunogen of the present invention will depend upon the age, sex, health, and weight of the recipient, the kind of concurrent treatment, if any, the frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired. However, the most preferred dosage can be tailored to the individual subject, as determined by the researcher or clinician. The total dose required for any given treatment will commonly be determined with respect to a standard reference dose as set by a manufacturer, such as is commonly done with vaccines, such dose being administered either in a single treatment or in a series of doses, the success of which will depend on the production of a desired immunological result (i.e., successful production of a CTL-mediated response to the antigen, which response gives rise to the prevention and/or treatment desired). Thus, the overall administration schedule must be considered in determining the success of a course of treatment and not whether a single dose, given in isolation, would or would not produce the desired immunologically therapeutic result or effect.
  • The therapeutically effective amount of a composition containing one or more of the immunogens of this invention, is an amount sufficient to induce an effective CTL response to the antigen and to cure or arrest disease progression. Thus, this dose will depend, among other things, on the identity of the immunogens used, the nature of the disease condition, the severity of the disease condition, the extent of any need to prevent such a condition where it has not already been detected, the manner of administration dictated by the situation requiring such administration, the weight and state of health of the individual receiving such administration, and the sound judgment of the clinician or researcher. Thus, for purposes of prophylactic or therapeutic administration, effective amounts would generally lie within the range of from 1.0 μg to about 5,000 μg of peptide for a 70 kg patient, followed by boosting dosages of from about 1.0 μg to about 1,000 μg of peptide pursuant to a boosting regimen over days, weeks or even months, depending on the recipient's response and as necessitated by subsequent monitoring of CTL-mediated activity within the bloodstream. Of course, such dosages are to be considered only a general guide and, in a given situation, may greatly exceed such suggested dosage regimens where the clinician believes that the recipient's condition warrants more a aggressive administration schedule. Needless to say, the efficacy of administering additional doses, and of increasing or decreasing the interval, may be re-evaluated on a continuing basis, in view of the recipient's immunocompetence (for example, the level of CTL activity with respect to tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens).
  • For such purposes, the immunogenic compositions according to the present invention may be used against a disease condition such as cancer by administration to an individual by a variety of routes. The composition may be administered parenterally or orally, and, if parenterally, either systemically or topically. Parenteral routes include subcutaneous, intravenous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, transdermal, or buccal routes. One or more such routes may be employed. Parenteral administration can be, for example, by bolus injection or by gradual perfusion over time.
  • Generally, vaccines are prepared as injectables, in the form of aqueous solutions or suspensions. Vaccines in an oil base are also well known such as for inhaling. Solid forms which are dissolved or suspended prior to use may also be formulated. Pharmaceutical carriers, diluents and excipients are generally added that are compatible with the active ingredients and acceptable for pharmaceutical use.
  • Examples of such carriers include, but are not limited to, water, saline solutions, dextrose, or glycerol. Combinations of carriers may also be used. These compositions may be sterilized by conventional, well known sterilization techniques including sterile filtration. The resulting solutions may be packaged for use as is, or the aqueous solutions may be lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with sterile water before administration. Vaccine compositions may further incorporate additional substances to stabilize pH, or to function as adjuvants, wetting agents, or emulsifying agents, which can serve to improve the effectiveness of the vaccine.
  • The concentration of the CTL stimulatory peptides of the invention in pharmaceutical formulations are subject to wide variation, including anywhere from less than 0.01% by weight to as much as 50% or more. Factors such as volume and viscosity of the resulting composition must also be considered. The solvents, or diluents, used for such compositions include water, possibly PBS (phosphate buffered saline), or saline itself, or other possible carriers or excipients.
  • The immunogens of the present invention may also be contained in artificially created structures such as liposomes, ISCOMS, slow-releasing particles, and other vehicles which increase the immunogenicity and/or half-life of the peptides or polypeptides in serum. Liposomes include emulsions, foams, micelies, insoluble monolayers, liquid crystals, phospholipid dispersions, lamellar layers and the like. Liposomes for use in the invention are formed from standard vesicle-forming lipids which generally include neutral and negatively charged phospholipids and a sterol, such as cholesterol. The selection of lipids is generally determined by considerations such as liposome size and stability in the blood. A variety of methods are available for preparing liposomes as reviewed, for example, by (Coligan, J. E. et al, Current Protocols in Protein Science, 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York) and see also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,235,871, 4,501,728, 4,837,028, and 5,019,369.
  • Liposomes containing the peptides or polypeptides of the invention can be directed to the site of lymphoid cells where the liposomes then deliver the selected immunogens directly to antigen presenting cells. Targeting can be achieved by incorporating additional molecules such as proteins or polysaccharides into the outer membranes of said structures, thus resulting in the delivery of the structures to particular areas of the body, or to particular cells within a given organ or tissue. Such targeting molecules may a molecule that binds to receptor on antigen presenting cells. For example an antibody that binds to CD80 could be used to direct liposomes to dendritic cells.
  • The immunogens of the present invention may also be administered as solid compositions. Conventional nontoxic solid carriers including pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, sodium saccharin, and the like. Such solid compositions will often be administered orally, whereby a pharmaceutically acceptable nontoxic composition is formed by incorporating the peptides and polypeptides of the invention with any of the carriers listed above. Generally, such compositions will contain 10-95% active ingredient, and more preferably 25-75% active ingredient.
  • Aerosol administration is also an alternative, requiring only that the immunogens be properly dispersed within the aerosol propellant. Typical percentages of the peptides or polypeptides of the invention are 0.01%-20% by weight, preferably 1%-10%. The use of a surfactant to properly disperse the immunogen may be required. Representative surfactants include the esters or partial esters of fatty acids containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, such as caproic, octanoic, lauric, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, olesteric and oleic acids with an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or its cyclic anhydride. Mixed esters, such as mixed or natural glycerides may be employed. The surfactant may constitute 0.1-20% by weight of the composition, preferably 0.25-5%. Typical propellants for such administration may include esters and similar chemicals but are by no means limited to these. A carrier, such as lecithin for intranasal delivery, may also be included.
  • The peptides and polypeptides of the invention may also be delivered with an adjuvant. Adjuvants include, but are not limited to complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA-51, Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-)3, aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, alum, and saponin. Adjuvant effects can also be obtained by injecting a variety of cytokines along with the immunogens of the invention. These cytokines include, but are not limited to IL-1, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, and GM-CSF.
  • The peptides and polypeptides of the invention can also be added to professional antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells that have been prepared ex vivo. For example, the dendritic cells could be prepared from CD34 positive stem cells from the bone marrow, or they could be prepared from CD14 positive monocytes obtained from the peripheral blood. The dendritic cells are generated ex vivo using cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-3, IL-4, TNF, and SCF. The cultured DC are then pulsed with peptides at various concentrations using standard methods that are well known in the art. The peptide-pulsed dendritic cells can then be administered either intraveneously, subcutaneously, or intradermally, and the immunization may also include cytokines such as IL-2 or IL-12.
  • The present invention is also directed to a vaccine in which an immunogen of the present invention is delivered or administered in the form of a polynucleotide encoding the a polypeptide or active fragment as disclosed herein, whereby the peptide or polypeptide or active fragment is produced in vivo. The polynucleotide may be included in a suitable expression vector and combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. For example, the peptides or polypeptides could be expressed in plasmid DNA and nonreplicative viral vectors such as vaccinia, fowlpox, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, adenovirus, or other RNA or DNA viruses. These examples are meant to be illustrative only and should not be viewed as self-limiting A wide variety of other vectors are available and are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description given herein. In this approach, a portion of the nucleotide sequence of the viral vector is engineered to express the peptides or polypeptides of the invention. Vaccinia vectors and methods useful in immunization protocols are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,848, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • Regardless of the nature of the composition given, additional therapeutic agents may also accompany the immunogens of the present invention. Thus, for purposes of treating tumors, compositions containing the immunogens disclosed herein may, in addition, contain other antitumor pharmaceuticals. The use of such compositions with multiple active ingredients is left to the discretion of the clinician.
  • In addition, the immunogens of the present invention can be used to stimulate the production of antibodies for use in passive immunotherapy, for use as diagnostic reagents, and for use as reagents in other processes such as affinity chromatography.
  • The present invention also relates to antibodies that react with immunogens, such as a polypeptide comprising one or more of the epitopic peptides of SEQ ID NO: 1-791 and 1514-1533 as disclosed herein. Active fragments of such antibodies are also specifically contemplated. Such antibodies, and active fragments of such antibodies, for example, and Fab structure, may react with, including where it is highly selective or specific for, an immunogenic structure comprising 2, 3, 4 or more of the epitopic peptides of the invention.
  • With the advent of methods of molecular biology and recombinant technology, it is now possible to produce antibody molecules by recombinant means and thereby generate gene sequences that code for specific amino acid sequences found in the polypeptide structure of the antibodies. Such antibodies can be produced by either cloning the gene sequences encoding the polypeptide chains of said antibodies or by direct synthesis of said polypeptide chains, with in vitro assembly of the synthesized chains to form active tetrameric (H2L2) structures with affinity for specific epitopes and antigenic determinants. This has permitted the ready production of antibodies having sequences characteristic of neutralizing antibodies from different species and sources.
  • Regardless of the source of the antibodies, or how they are recombinantly constructed, or how they are synthesized, in vitro or in vivo, using transgenic animals, such as cows, goats and sheep, using large cell cultures of laboratory or commercial size, in bioreactors or by direct chemical synthesis employing no living organisms at any stage of the process, all antibodies have a similar overall 3 dimensional structure.
  • This structure is often given as H2L2 and refers to the fact that antibodies commonly comprise 2 light (L) amino acid chains and 2 heavy (H) amino acid chains. Both chains have regions capable of interacting with a structurally complementary antigenic target. The regions interacting with the target are referred to as “variable” or “V” regions and are characterized by differences in amino acid sequence from antibodies of different antigenic specificity.
  • The variable regions of either H or L chains contains the amino acid sequences capable of specifically binding to antigenic targets. Within these sequences are smaller sequences dubbed “hypervariable” because of their extreme variability between antibodies of differing specificity. Such hypervariable regions are also referred to as “complementarity determining regions” or “CDR” regions. These CDR regions account for the basic specificity of the antibody for a particular antigenic determinant structure.
  • The CDRs represent non-contiguous stretches of amino acids within the variable regions but, regardless of species, the positional locations of these critical amino acid sequences within the variable heavy and light chain regions have been found to have similar locations within the amino acid sequences of the variable chains. The variable heavy and light chains of all antibodies each have 3 CDR regions, each non-contiguous with the others (termed L1, L2, L3, H1, H2, H3) for the respective light (L) and heavy (H) chains. The accepted CDR regions have been described in the text and figures of Kabat et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616 (1977)).
  • In all mammalian species, antibody polypeptides contain constant (i.e., highly conserved) and variable regions, and, within the latter, there are the CDRs and the so-called “framework regions” made up of amino acid sequences within the variable region of the heavy or light chain but outside the CDRs.
  • The antibodies disclosed according to the invention may also be wholly synthetic, wherein the polypeptide chains of the antibodies are synthesized and, possibly, optimized for binding to the polypeptides disclosed herein as being receptors. Such antibodies may be chimeric or humanized antibodies and may be fully tetrameric in structure, or may be dimeric and comprise only a single heavy and a single light chain. Such antibodies may also include fragments, such as Fab and F(ab2)′ fragments, capable of reacting with and binding to any of the polypeptides disclosed herein as being receptors.
  • A further embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for inducing a CTL response in a subject comprising administering to subjects that express HLA-A1 antigens an effective (i.e., CTL-stimulating amount) of an immunogen of the invention that does not comprise the entire protein expressing the epitopic peptides disclosed herein (i.e., one that comprises less than the entire protein where the protein is a naturally occurring polypeptide) in an amount sufficient to induce a CTL response to tumor cells expressing at least HLA-A1 or HLA-A2, as the case may be, thereby eliciting a cellular response against said tumor cells. A still further embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for inducing a CTL response in a subject, wherein the immunogen is in the form of a polynucleotide. In one non-limiting example, the method comprises administering to subjects that express HLA-A1 at least one CTL epitope, wherein said epitope or epitopes are selected from a group comprising the peptides disclosed according to the invention, and are coded within a polynucleotide sequence that does not comprise the entire protein coding region, in an amount sufficient to induce a CTL response to tumor cells expressing HLA-A1 or HLA-A2.
  • While the below examples are provided to illustrate the invention, it is to be understood that these methods and examples in no way limit the invention to the embodiments described herein and that other embodiments and uses will no doubt suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference, as are the references cited therein. It is also to be understood that throughout this disclosure where the singular is used, the plural may be inferred and vice versa and use of either is not to be considered limiting.
  • Example 1 Cell Lines
  • For HLA-A1 and HLA-A11 studies, ARGOV57, a HLA-A1/11 positive ovarian cell line, was established by culturing tumor cells from an ascitic fluid from an ovarian patient.
  • For HLA-A2 studies, OVCAR3, a HLA-A2 positive ovarian carcinoma cell line, was established by culturing tumor cells from an ascitic fluid from an ovarian patient.
  • SKOV3-A2, a HLA-A2 stably expressing ovarian carcinoma cell line, was established by culturing tumor cells from an ascitic fluid from an ovarian patient and transduced with HLA-A2 gene.
  • Example 2 Immunoaffinity Purification
  • ARGOV57 cells were grown in 10-chamber Nunc cell factories (Fisher, Pittsburgh, Pa.). The cells were harvested by treatment with 0.45% trypsin and 0.32 mM EDTA, washed two times in phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4), and stored as cell pellets at −80° C. Aliquots of 6-8×1010 cells were solubilized at 5-10×106 cells/ml in 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1% CHAPS, 18.5 μg/ml iodoacetamide, 5 μg/ml aprotonin, 10 μg/ml leupeptin, 10 μg/ml pepstatin A, 5 mM EDTA, 0.2% sodium azide, and 17.4 μg/ml phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride for 1 h. This and all subsequent steps were performed with ice-cold solutions and at 4° C. The lysates were then centrifuged at 100,000×g, the pellets discarded, and the supernatants passed through a 0.22 μm filter. The supernatants were then passed over a series of columns with the first containing Sepharose, and the second containing the HLA-A1-specific monoclonal antibody, GAP-A1, bound to a protein A-Sepharose matrix. The second column was then sequentially washed with 20 column volumes of 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 20 column volumes of 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 1.0 M NaCl, and 20 column volumes of 20 mM Tris, pH 8.0. The peptides were eluted from the column with 5 column volumes of 10% acetic acid. The isolated HLA-A1 molecules were then boiled for 5 min to further dissociate any bound peptide from the heavy chains. The peptides were then separated from the co-purifying class I heavy chain and β2-microglobulin by centrifugation on a Ultrafree-CL membrane with a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 5,000 Daltons (Millipore, Bedford, Mass.).
  • For a separate study, OVCAR3 or SKOV3 cells were successfully prepared using the same procedure as just described except that HLA-A2 molecules were prepared using HLA-A2 specific antibodies.
  • Example 3 Peptide Fractionation
  • The peptide extracts were fractionated by RP-HPLC (Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography) using an Applied Biosystems (ABI) model 140B system. The extracts were concentrated by vacuum centrifugation from about 20 ml down to 250 μl and injected into either a Brownlee (Norwalk, Conn.) C18 Aquapore column (2.1 mm×3 cm; 300 Å; 7 μm) or a Higgins (Mountain View, Calif.) C18 Haisil column (2.1 mm×4 cm; 300 Å; 5 μm). The peptides were eluted by first using a gradient of acetonitrile/0.085% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) in 0.1% TFA/water, with the concentration of acetonitrile increasing from 0-9% (0-5 minutes), 9-36% (5-55 minutes), and 36-60% (55-62 minutes). A second dimension fractionation of combined fractions 17 and 18 from the first dimension (TFA) fraction was accomplished using the same gradient but with the substitution of HFBA (heptafluorobutyric acid) for TFA. The flow rate was 200 μl/min, and fractions were collected at 1 min (Brownlee column) or 40 second (Higgins column) intervals. A third dimension of RP-HPLC was achieved using an Eldex (Napa, Calif.) MicroPro Pump, a homemade C18 microcapillary column, and an ABI model 785A UV absorbance detector. The column was prepared by packing a 27 cm bed of 10 μm C18 particles in a section of 285 μm o.d./75 μm i.d. fused silica (Polymicro Technologies, Phoenix, Ariz.). Peptides in combined fractions 26 and 27 of the second dimension fraction were loaded onto this column and eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile/0.67% triethylamine acetate/water in 0.1% triethylamine acetate/water, with the concentration of acetonitrile increasing from 0-60% in 40 minutes. The flow rate was about 300 nl/min, and fractions were collected into 25 μl of water every 30 s. In all RP-HPLC experiments, peptides were detected by monitoring UV absorbance at 214 nm.
  • Example 4 Mass Spectrometric Analysis
  • The second dimension HPLC fraction was analyzed using an affluent splitter on the microcapillary HPLC column. In this experiment, the column (360 μm o.d. X 100 μm i.d. with a 25 cm C18 bed) was butt connected with a zero dead volume tee (Valco, Houston, Tex.) to two pieces of fused silica of different lengths (25 μm and 40 μm i.d.). Peptides were eluted with a 34 min gradient of 0-60% acetonitrile. The 25 μm capillary deposited one-fifth of the HPLC effluent into the wells of a microtiter plate for use in CTL epitope reconstitution assays, whereas the remaining four-fifths of the effluent was directed into the mass spectrometer. Ions were formed by electrospray ionization, and mass spectra were recorded by scanning between mass to charge ratios (m/z) 300 and 1400 every 1.5 seconds. Peptide sequences were determined by CAD (collision-activated dissociation) tandem mass spectrometry as described in the literature (Hunt, D. F. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 83:6233-6237, (1986)).
  • Example 5 Homology Searches of Identified Peptide Sequences
  • Proteins containing peptides corresponding to the masses identified by MS were analyzed with the search algorithm, SEQUEST. Searches were also carried out on the GenBank non-redundant sequence database (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.-gov/Entrez/) as well as on our own unique database of 2943 specific sequences compiled from GenBank and EST data-base entries. Upon experimental confirmation of the peptide sequence, a tBLASTn search of the GenBank non-redundant database was performed to identify any genes containing the DNA sequence encoding the peptide.
  • Example 6 Peptide Synthesis
  • Peptides were synthesized using a Gilson (Madison, Wis.) AMS 422 multiple peptide synthesizer. Quantities of 10 μMol were synthesized using conventional FMOC amino acids, resins, and chemical techniques. Peptides were purified by RP-HPLC using a 4.6 mm×100 mm POROS (Perseptive Biosystems, Cambridge, Mass.) column and a 10 min, 0-60% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA gradient.
  • Example 7 Generation of Monocyte-Derived DC and Peptide Loading
  • PBMC were purified from HLA-A2+ normal donor blood using lymphocyte separation media (Cappel ICN Biomedical, Aurora, Ohio). PBMC (5.3×106) were added to individual wells of a 24-well cluster plate (Costar, Corning, N.Y.) in 1.0 ml of serum-free AIM-V medium (Life Technologies) and allowed to adhere for 60 min at 37° C. Non-adherent cells were removed and saved as a source of effector T cells. Adherent PBMC (−8.3×105/well) were then pulsed with 50 mg/ml synthetic peptides in serum-free AIM-V medium containing 1.5 mg/ml β2-microg lobulin (Calbiochem-Novabiochem, San Diego, Calif.) and incubated for 2 h at 37° C. Unbound peptides were aspirated and the wells washed with media.
  • Monocyte-derived DC were generated as follows. PBMC (5.3×107) were allowed to adhere in T-75 flasks (Corning) in 10 ml of serum-free AIM-V medium for 60 min at 37° C. Non-adherent cells were collected as a source of effector T cells and pooled with the previous collection above. Adherent monocytes in flasks were then exposed to recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF, 25 ng/ml; Peprotech) and recombinant human IL-4 (100 ng/ml; Peprotech) in 10 ml of AIM-V medium containing 10% heat-inactivated FBS. DC obtained by this method [immature DC (iDC)] are characterized by expression of low levels of CD83, CD80, CD86, and HLA class I and class II molecules (data not shown).
  • Mature DC (mDC) were obtained by exposing day 5 DC cultures to recombinant soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L; Peprotech) at 1.5 mg/ml for 24 h in the presence of 25 ng/ml GM-CSF and are characterized by expression of high levels of CD80, CD86, and HLA class I and class II molecules. mDC were harvested, washed, pulsed with 5 mg/ml peptide in serum-free AIM-V medium and irradiated (5000 rad) prior to use as stimulators.
  • Example 8 Generation of Peptide-Specific CTL
  • The protocol used here is a modification of the method described by Plebanski et al. (Eur. J. Immunol. 25:1783, (1995)). CTL to peptide were generated by 3±4 cycles of stimulation with peptide-loaded APC. For the first round of stimulation (day 0), T cells or non-adherent PBMC from above (2.3×106/ml or 4.3×106 per well) were added in bulk (CD4+, CD8+, NK, etc.) to adherent PBMC-loaded peptides in serum-free medium (50 mg/ml), β2-microglobulin (1.5 mg/ml) (Calbiochem-Novabiochem), recombinant human IL-7 (5 ng/ml) (Peprotech) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (5 mg/ml) (Sigma, St Louis, Mo.). Cultures were re-stimulated with iDC every 7 days, pulsed with varying amounts of peptide (second round 25 mg/ml, third round 10 mg/ml) and irradiated (5000 rad) on day 8. At each re-stimulation, the T cells were transferred to new plates by first aspirating 70% of spent media in wells and then transferring the pooled contents to a new plate. Fresh IL-7 was added at each re-stimulation. The responder:stimulator (T cell:DC) ratio was set at 20 for each stimulation. Recombinant human IL-2 (10 U/ml) was added on day 5 after each re-stimulation.
  • Prior to 51Cr-release assay, the T cells were harvested and CD8+T cells were purified by positive selection using CD8+ microbeads immunomagnetic cell separation with MACS kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, Calif.). If a fourth round of stimulation was necessary following CTL analysis, the CTL were pulsed as before, except with 5±10 mg/ml of peptide.
  • Example 9 Generation of Allospecific CTL
  • HLA-A2-allospecific CTL were obtained in a mixed lymphocyte reaction by repeated stimulation of HLA-A3+PBMC (responders) with irradiated HLA-A2+ stimulator PBMC at a ratio of 10:1 in the presence of 10 U/ml IL-2. Stimulation was repeated weekly with PBMC from different HLA-A2+ donors so as to minimize alloresponse to non-HLA-A2 antigens. T cells were assessed for lysis on several HLA-A2+ targets including tumor cells, EBV-B cells and HLA-A3+ targets every week after the third round of stimulation.
  • Example 10 CTL Expansion
  • Expansion of large numbers of peptide-specific or HLA-A2-allospecific CTL was achieved by culturing 5.3×104±1.3×105 T cells around day 6 or 7 post peptide- or allostimulation in the presence of 2.5-3.0×107 irradiated (5000 rad) allogeneic normal donor PBMC coated with anti-CD3 antibody at 10 ng/ml (BD PharMingen, San Diego, Calif.) and 25 U/ml of recombinant human IL-2 (Peprotech) in a final volume of 30 ml RPMI medium. Media changes with IL-2 addition (50 U/ml) were effected on days 5 and 8. Cells were harvested for cytotoxicity assays on days 10±12 and re-stimulated or frozen for later use.
  • Example 11 51Cr-Release Cytotoxicity Assay
  • The standard 4-h Cr-release assay was performed in 96-well V-bottomed microplates. Target cells in suspension (T2, C1R.A2, B-LCL and K562) were labeled with 100 mCi Na2 51CrO4 (NEN Life Science, Boston, Mass.) per 1.3×106 cells either overnight (˜6±18 h) in 5 ml RPMI 1640 media containing 2±5% FBS or for 60±90 min at 37° C. directly with the cell pellet in the case of adherent cells (tumor cell lines and control lines). Labeling was terminated by washing the targets with cold media containing 5% FBS for a total of three washes. Target cells were resuspended at a concentration of 2−3×104/ml. About 2−3×103 targets in 100 ml were delivered to each well containing CTL (effectors) seeded at different E:T ratios. Spontaneous release wells contained targets in media alone, while maximal release wells contained targets in 2% NP-40 detergent (Igepal CA-630; Sigma). HLA restriction of CTL-mediated killing was achieved by preincubation of targets with HLA-specific antibodies prior to incubation with CTL.
  • The plate was gently spun for 1±2 min and incubated at 37° C. for 4 h. For harvesting assay plates, 100 ml of supernatants from the wells was transferred to counting tubes (USA Scientific) and g counts were determined in a g counter (ICN Micromedic Systems, Huntsville, Ala.). Cytolytic activity of T cells was expressed in percent specific lysis as follows: specific lysis={[experimental release (c.p.m.)±spontaneous release (c.p.m.)]/[maximal release (c.p.m.)±spontaneous release (c.p.m.)]}.
  • Example 12 Competitive Inhibition Assay
  • Peptide-stimulated CTL were reacted with 51Cr-labeled Ov2 tumor cells (E:T ratio of 40) in the presence of excess of cold targets in a 4-h Cr-release assay. Cold targets were either empty T2 cells, T2 cells pulsed with 1 mg/ml relevant peptide (used to stimulate CTL) or irrelevant (control) peptides (HER-2/neu 369±377 or MART 127±35), or IFN-γ pre-treated tumor cells (SKOV3.A2 and OVCAR 3) with the cold target in 5-fold excess of the hot target. Results indicate that (i) CTL show specific interaction with the peptide to which they are sensitized to, and (ii) CTL compete for similar epitopes presented on Ov2 as were found in SKOV3.A2 and OVCAR3 cell lines by MS.
  • TABLE 2
    Description of Fragments, Parent Sequence Identification and Parent
    SwissProt Identification Number for peptides 1-791 and 1514-1533
    Parent
    SEQ SwissProt
    ID Identification
    NO: Fragment Parent Sequence Identification No.
    1 AEAEFYRQV BCL-6 corepressor long isoform Q6W2J9
    2 IYNGDMEKI E1B_19K/Bcl-2-interacting protein Q12983
    Nip3
    3 KEFDGKSLV Similar to Heat shock protein HSP P08238
    90-beta (HSP 84)(HSP 90)
    4 HIPAGTLVQV Cytochrome P450 11B2, P19099
    mitochondrial precursor
    5 SLAEGLRTV 2′-5′oligoadenylate synthetase 3 Q2HJ14
    6 YLGDGPKLV 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 P62191
    (P26s4)
    7 YLASLIRSV 26S proteasome non-ATPase P51665
    regulatory subunit 7
    8 FVDDYTVRV 26S proteasome non-ATPase O00487
    regulatory subunit 14
    9 KLLEPVLLL 40S ribosomal protein S16 P62249
    10 KLIEVDDERKL 40S ribosomal protein S6 P62753
    (Phosphoprotein NP33)
    11 RLFEGNALL 40S ribosomal protein S9 P46781
    12 TLYEAVREV 60S ribosomal protein L10a (CSA- P62906
    19)
    13 NMVAKVDEV 60S ribosomal protein L10a (CSA- P62906
    19)
    14 SLIKQIPRI 60S ribosomal protein L10a (CSA P62906
    19)
    15 FLSEEGGHVAV 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose- Q16877
    2,6-biphosphatase 4 (6PF-2-K/Fru-
    2,6-P2ASE testis-type isozyme)
    16 IETINFHEV Cleavage and polyadenylation Q9UKF6
    specificity factor, 73 kDa subunit
    (CPSF 73 kDa subunit)
    17 YLNDLIHSV A kinase anchor protein 10, O43572
    mitochondrial precursor
    18 RVAPEEHPVL Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (Beta-actin) P60709
    19 DVLKIPVQLV Activated T-cell marker CD109 Q6YHK3
    20 LSDFLKANV Activin receptor type 2A precursor P27037
    (EC 2.7.11.30)
    21 DLCFEKVNV ADAM19 protein Q8TBU7
    22 KLHDINAQL AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 Q10567
    (Adapter-related protein complex 1
    beta-1 subunit)(Beta-adaptin 1)
    23 GNGAPDVFQT Adaptor-related protein NF01019537 Q9BYI8
    24 IDAIRIPVL Lung alpha/beta hydrolase protein 1 Q96SE0
    25 FIASKGVKLV Alpha-actinin-3 Q08043
    26 HRPDLIDY Alpha-actinin-3 Q08043
    27 SPQGLELALPS Ankyrin-2 (Brain ankyrin)(Ankyrin- Q01484
    B)
    28 KIVKRPSLQFL Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box Q8WXJ9
    protein 17
    29 TLVTVSAAKT Anti-colorectal carcinoma heavy Q65ZQ1
    chain
    30 KVLDGSPIEV APOBEC1 complementation factor Q9NQ94
    (APOBEC1-stimulating protein)
    31 FLAEHPNVTL Probable DNA dC->dU-editing Q96AK3
    enzyme APOBEC-3D (EC 3.5.4.-)
    32 NLVQDSLDL Apolipoprotein L4 precursor Q9BPW4
    (Apolipoprotein L-IV)
    33 ISENEKLQK Apoptosis stimulating of p53 protein Q96KQ4
    1
    34 VLAARNPAKV Nucleoporin 188 kDa (arachin) Q5SRE5
    35 RYFDGNLEKL Protein ariadne-1 homolog (ARI-1) Q9Y4X5
    (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-
    binding protein 1)
    36 TLADVLYHV Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase Q9UBL3
    complex subunit ASH2 (ASH2-like
    protein)
    37 LPSPKPMKMKN ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 Q85KZ3
    38 ISSMLVLFF Splice isoform 2 of Q9H7F0 Q9H7F0
    ATPase_family_homolog_up-
    regulated_in_senescence_cells
    39 SPDEGALVRA Probable phospholipid-transporting Q9Y2Q0
    ATPase IA (EC 3.6.3.1)(Chromaffin
    granule ATPase II)
    40 ILLTTLIPY ATP-binding cassette A10 Q8WWZ4
    41 NLEQQETEP ATP-binding cassette sub-family A Q9BZC7
    member 2 (ATP-binding cassette
    transporter 2)(ATP-binding cassette
    2)
    42 RKVLYVMEL Autoantigen RCD8 Q6P2E9
    43 EAIPARKLK xonemal dynein heavy chain 8 Q96JB1
    44 SLRLENITV Butyrophilin-like protein 8 precursor Q6UX41
    45 SYVLKKAQV Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal Q9Y2K6
    hydrolase 20 (EC 3.1.2.15)
    46 KLIHPKLEY Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 protein Q8IWZ6
    (BBS2-like protein 1)
    47 EFDQLDQEN Large proline-rich protein BAT2 P48634
    (HLA-B-associated transcript 2)
    48 TVLLRLGDEL Bcl-2 related ovarian killer
    49 LFEILIEQI Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and P50851
    beige-like anchor protein (CDC4-like
    protein)
    50 KLELDETGQE Splice isoform 3 of P35612 P35612-3
    51 LAIGAFTLLL UDP-GlcNAc: betaGal beta-1,3-N- Q9Y2A9
    acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (EC
    2.4.1.-)
    52 QILLDETLK Cell growth inhibiting protein 39 Q2TTR2
    53 DECITNLLV BH3-interacting domain death P55957
    agonist (BID)
    54 TVVSGSNVTLN CD48 antigen precursor (B- P09326
    lymphocyte activation marker
    BLAST-1)
    55 SLDERPVAV Bone morphogenetic protein receptor Q13873
    type-2 precursor (EC 2.7.11.30)
    56 MVDSQQKSP Bullous pemphigoid antigen 1, Q8WXK8
    isoform 7
    57 SLLLLPEKN BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 Q53F80
    variant
    58 VLCVSDIISL Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility P51587
    protein (Fanconi anemia group D1
    protein)
    59 FLPDPSALQNL Protein BRE (Brain and reproductive Q9NXR7
    organ-expressed protein)
    (BRCA1/BRCA2-containing
    complex subunit 45)
    60 MLNEHDFEV Breast cancer 1 early onset Q3LRJ0
    61 VNTDFSPYL Breast cancer 1 early onset Q3LRJ0
    62 EFMLVYKFAR Breast and ovarian cancer Q7KYU6
    susceptibility protein
    63 TLWVDPYEV BTG2 protein (NGF-inducible anti- P78543
    proliferative protein PC3)
    64 FLDHIIASV Nuclear protein 5qNCA Q7LBC6
    65 TLNDREYQL CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine- P27708
    dependent carbamoyl-phosphate
    synthase (EC 6.3.5.5); Aspartate
    carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2);
    Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3)]
    66 VEVMVNDVN Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G- Q9NYQ7
    type receptor 3 precursor (Flamingo
    homolog 1)(hFmi1)(Multiple
    epidermal growth factor-like domains
    2)(Epidermal growth factor-like 1)
    67 LSIYLSIYL Cadherin FIB3 Q6UW70
    68 SLSMVNHRL Integrin alpha-3 precursor P26006
    (Galactoprotein B3)
    Calcineurin B homologous protein 2
    69 RVDFPGFVR (Hepatocellular carcinoma- O43745
    associated antigen 520)
    70 MTDKAPPGV Calcium/calmodulin-dependent Q7Z7J9
    protein kinase II inhibitor alpha
    (CaMKIINalpha)
    71 WTNPQFKI Calpain-11 (EC 3.4.22.-) Q9UMQ6
    72 IMAQLPQEQKA Alpha-1 catenin (Cadherin-associated P35221
    protein)(Alpha E-catenin)
    73 KIDPLEVEE Neural cell adhesion molecule variant  Q59FY0
    74 KLPEKWESV Ribosomal L1 domain-containing O76021
    protein 1 (Cellular senescence-
    inhibited gene protein)
    75 LIEKEKVLN CENP-F kinetochore protein P49454
    (Centromere protein F)(Mitosin)
    76 FEVKEDQVK Centaurin-delta 1 (Cnt-d1)(Ad- Q8WZ64
    GAP, Rho-GAP, ankyrin repeat and
    pleckstrin homology domain-
    containing protein 2)
    77 DTEAEKSQV Centrosomal protein 2 (Centrosomal Q9BV73
    Nek2-associated protein 1)(C-NAP1)
    78 FLKEHMDEV Pericentriol material 1 Q15154
    79 KLLGELHTL Pericentriol material 1 Q15154
    80 TLVEAFPTL Cervical cancer suppressor gene 5 Q8NFX8
    81 QSNKGFVVIN T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta-2 Q92526
    82 LADGALIYR Chemokine-like factor (C32) Q9UBR5
    83 GLGAEIEIR Vacuolar protein sorting 13A Q96RL7
    84 GKLILLDKL Chromodomain-helicase-DNA- O14647
    binding protein 2 (EC 3.6.1.-)
    85 PQTICRKP FERM domain-containing protein 6 Q96NE9
    86 RSYYLNEI Putative protein C21orf56 Q9H0A9
    87 TTITVSPFY Adiponutrin (iPLA2-epsilon) Q9NST1
    88 RLPDDDPTAV Coatomer subunit gamma-2 Q9UBF2
    89 LVAISTVSFSI Sodium/potassium/calcium Q9UI40
    exchanger 2 precursor
    90 VLIDYQRNV Exportin-1 (Chromosome region 014980
    maintenance 1 protein homolog)
    91 SILNEGGIK CUB and sushi domain-containing Q7Z407
    protein 3 precursor
    92 YMADRLLGV Cullin-7 (CUL-7) Q14999
    93 YLKDLIEEV Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription P18848
    factor ATF-4
    94 YLDIKGLLD S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A P63208
    (Cyclin A/CDK2-associated protein
    p19)
    95 PCLSELHKA Cyclin-A1 P78396
    96 TVLDFGVLASI Cyclin M3, isoform 1 Q8NE01
    97 MPSETPQAE Cystathionine beta-synthase human Q58H57
    homolog of Cynomolgus monkey
    gene product
    98 FLLEALRKT Cytochrome P450 2E1 (EC P05181
    1.14.14.1)
    99 KMLETKWSL Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 P05787
    100 QPLLKQSPW CPEB2 protein Q3B 8N6
    101 YLLPAIVHI Probable ATP-dependent RNA P17844
    helicase DDX5 (EC 3.6.1.-)
    102 KLLPGDIHQI Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1 Q14185
    103 SLLKGDLKGV Development and differentiation- O43150
    enhancing factor 2
    104 NAEVLLVSEI Probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal O00507
    hydrolase FAF-Y (EC 3.1.2.15)
    105 RLWGEPVNL Probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal O00507
    hydrolase FAF-Y (EC 3.1.2.15)
    106 QLIDLSSPLI G2 and S phase expressed protein 1 Q9NYZ3
    107 YIDYTGAAYA HUMAN CDNA FLJ30829 fis, clone Q96NI3
    FEBRA2001790, highly similar to
    Xenopus laevis RRM-containing
    protein SEB-4 mRNA
    108 VIENKSDEKVI KIAA1799 protein Q96B95
    109 PSPQLWTV Peroxisomal proliferator-activated Q9BYK8
    receptor A-interacting complex 285
    kDa protein (EC 3.6.1.-)(ATP-
    dependent helicase PRIC285)
    110 EGRGGLPAGLPV HUMAN KIAA1922 Q96PW6
    111 NMYGKVVTV Transcription elongation factor SPT5 O00267
    (DLC-1)(deleted in liver cancer-1)
    112 RLYDGLFKV DNA damage-binding protein 1 Q16531
    (Damage-specific DNA-binding
    protein 1)
    113 QNFVDSKEV DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6 Q03468
    114 ALIEKLVEL DNA polymerase alpha subunit B Q14181
    (DNA polymerase alpha 70 kDa
    subunit)
    115 VIEDDVNMAIR DNA replication licensing factor P49736
    MCM2 (Minichromosome
    maintenance protein 2 homolog)
    116 SQDEIKQEV DNA2-like homolog (EC 3.6.1.-) P51530
    (DNA replication ATP-dependent
    helicase-like homolog)
    117 HLNGSCHLLI Estrogen response element binding O77798
    protein (cotton-top Tarmarin),
    118 ALIDRMVNL DNA2-like homolog (human) P35638
    DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
    (DDIT-3)(Growth arrest and DNA-
    damage-inducible protein GADD153)
    119 SQKIQEAVKA DNA-directed RNA polymerase I O95602
    largest subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
    120 LFDLVEEVQ DnaJ homolog subfamily C member Q96KC8
    1
    121 LLAALLLDP Splice isoform 2 of P35462 P35462-2
    122 FLDESRSTQYM RuvB-like 2 (EC 3.6.1.-)(48-kDa Q9Y230
    TATA box-binding protein-
    interacting protein)
    123 VLLGKVYVV DRE1_protein Q9NXT9
    124 TIDELKEQV Dynactin-1 (150 kDa dynein- Q14203
    associated polypeptide)
    125 NLAYENVKE Dynein heavy chain, cytosolic Q14204
    (DYHC)
    126 SEVEQYVKY Dynein heavy chain, cytosolic Q14204
    (DYHC)
    127 ETQLTYRR Echinoderm microtubule associated Q6UYC9
    protein-like 5
    128 IKDDLEDLI ECT2 protein (Epithelial cell- Q9H8V3
    transforming sequence 2 oncogene)
    129 QVLGKIERA Endothelial differentiation-related 060869
    factor 1 (EDF-1)
    130 IQINLQRKM Developmentally-regulated O43854
    endothelial cell locus 1 protein)
    131 KLIEKLDIKL Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) P13639
    132 YLNEIKDSV Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) P13639
    133 YLAEKYEWDV Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) P13639
    134 VFEESQVAGT Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) P13639
    135 DAQKEIVRAQK J domain protein C21orf55 Q9NX36
    136 DLEETVFTAS J domain protein C21orf55 Q9NX36
    137 AMLEGGVDGLL EMILIN-3 precursor (EMILIN-5) Q9NT22
    (Elastin microfibril interface-located
    protein 5)
    138 RKADEKRIR Synaptotagmin-like protein 4 Q96C24
    (Exophilin-2)
    139 ALQEMVHQV Enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1) Q14511
    140 ILAINKPQNK Enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1) Q14511
    141 SMYGVDLHHA Band 4.1-like protein 3 (4.1B) Q9Y2J2
    (Differentially expressed in
    adenocarcinoma of the lung protein
    1)(DAL-1)
    142 SEDITRYYL Band 4.1-like protein 3 (4.1B) Q9Y2J2
    (Differentially expressed in
    adenocarcinoma of the lung protein
    1)(DAL-1)
    143 NQQEQEDLE Epidermal growth factor receptor P42566
    substrate 15
    144 SKEEDPFNV Epidermal growth factor receptor P42566
    substrate 15
    145 FLDKQGFYV Epidermal growth factor receptor P42566
    substrate 15 (Protein Eps15)(AF-1p
    protein)
    146 TGALIYAIHA Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP- P54852
    3)(YMP protein)
    147 AVQVLMVLSL Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP- P54852
    3)(YMP protein)
    148 TLKEVEELEQL Zyxin (Zyxin-2) Q15942
    149 VLMTEDIKL Eukaryotic translation initiation Q04637
    factor 4 gamma 1
    150 FEKKQKEMD Eukaryotic translation initiation Q04637
    factor 4 gamma 1
    151 ELQALYALQAL Eukaryotic translation initiation Q04637
    factor 4 gamma 1
    152 WSNKYDPPL F-actin capping protein beta subunit P47756
    153 NLSDLIDLV F-actin capping protein beta subunit P47756
    154 FLSHKLDIK Protocadherin Fat 2 precursor (hFat2) Q9NYQ8
    (Multiple epidermal growth factor-
    like domains 1)
    155 VEPALRKPP Protocadherin Fat 2 precursor (hFat2) Q9NYQ8
    (Multiple epidermal growth factor-
    like domains 1)
    156 QVVYSLPDSA Protocadherin Fat 2 precursor (hFat2) Q9NYQ8
    (Multiple epidermal growth factor-
    like domains 1)
    157 EKISSYQLK Protocadherin Fat 2 precursor (hFat2) Q9NYQ8
    (Multiple epidermal growth factor-
    like domains 1)
    158 FMDPQKMPYL KIAA1752 protein Q9C0B1
    159 VTNRARASKD Fc alpha/mu receptor Q8WWV6
    160 SMNLTISAGP Fc alpha/mu receptor Q8WWV6
    161 VTYLQNGKGR Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma P08637
    Fc region receptor III-A precursor
    (IgG Fc receptor 111-2)
    162 ELLKTARSSK FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain- Q7Z6J4
    containing protein 2 (Zinc finger
    FYVE domain-containing protein 4)
    163 LKEYIQKLP FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain- Q7Z6J4
    containing protein 2 (Zinc finger
    FYVE domain-containing protein 4)
    164 YLNKLLITR Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like Q8N441
    1 precursor (FGF receptor-like
    protein 1)
    165 IARPVGSSVR Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like Q8N441
    1 precursor (FGF receptor-like
    protein 1)
    166 QCPVEGDPPPL Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like Q8N441
    1 precursor (FGF receptor-like
    protein 1)
    167 TEDNVMKIA Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 P22455
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)
    168 YLLDVLERS Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 P22455
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)
    169 TASPDYLEI Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 P21802
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)(FGFR-2)
    170 TENNVMKIA Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 P21802
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)(FGFR-2)
    171 ETFKQIDMDND FK506-binding protein 7 precursor Q9Y680
    (EC 5.2.1.8)
    172 GLLELIEEP Glomulin (FKBP-associated protein) Q92990
    (FK506-binding protein-associated
    protein)
    173 FVEEVIDNK Glomulin (FKBP-associated protein) Q92990
    (FK506-binding protein-associated
    protein)
    174 LQLYINKLD Glomulin (FKBP-associated protein) Q92990
    (FK506-binding protein-associated
    protein)
    175 EQSLETTKV FKSG73 Q9BWW1
    176 VFNDELPASI Flavin containing monooxygenase 3 Q53FVV5
    isoform 2 variant
    177 SLFPGKLEV Protein flightless-1 homolog Q13045
    178 QKKLVDTIE Guanylate-binding protein 4 Q96PP9
    179 DVGKDQEFTV Filamin-A (Alpha-filamin)(Filamin- P21333
    1)(Endothelial actin-binding protein)
    180 YLLKDKGEYTL Filamin-A (Alpha-filamin)(Filamin- P21333
    1)(Endothelial actin-binding protein)
    181 KTTDDIVKV FLJ10101 protein Q8WU94
    182 IEQERLER CDNA FLJ14503 fis, clone Q96T17
    NT2RM1000252, weakly similar to
    H. sapiens E-MAP-115 mRNA
    183 KINSAPSSPIK E2F8 protein Q5BKY4
    184 NNDICLDEV Human Hypothetical protein Q2VPJ3
    185 VFAEVGCSPC HUMAN CDNA FLJ34154 fis, clone Q8NB70
    FCBBF3013058
    186 NIVETVLDL Hypothetical protein FLJ43654 Q6ZUJ4
    (Hypothetical protein C3orf62)
    187 IYIDGVQEVF HUMAN CDNA FLJ46180 fis, clone Q6ZRQ5
    TESTI4004031
    188 KIMTEKELLAV Flotillin-2 (Epidermal surface Q14254
    antigen)(ESA)
    189 VEAQEILR Flotillin-2 (Epidermal surface Q14254
    antigen)(ESA)
    190 MLLDFIQHI Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR Q13535
    (EC 2.7.11.1)(Ataxia telangiectasia
    and Rad3-related protein)(FRAP-
    related protein 1)
    191 SLLESVQKL Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR Q13535
    (EC 2.7.11.1)(Ataxia telangiectasia
    and Rad3-related protein)(FRAP-
    related protein 1)
    192 YLQPKLLGI Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR Q13535
    (EC 2.7.11.1)(Ataxia telangiectasia
    and Rad3-related protein)(FRAP-
    related protein 1)
    193 YLLVGTLFLL Frizzled 5 precursor (Frizzled-5) Q13467
    194 MAAGDYPEA Frizzled 5 precursor (Frizzled-5) Q13467
    195 LYLLVGTLFL Frizzled 5 precursor (Frizzled-5) Q13467
    196 ALSDHHVYL Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C P09972
    (EC 4.1.2.13)
    197 YLAPHVRTL G protein pathway suppressor 1 Q53HS2
    isoform 1 variant
    198 YLQNWSHVL G protein pathway suppressor 1 Q53HS2
    isoform 1 variant
    199 FAALMLLGLV KiSS-1 receptor (KiSS-1R) Q969F8
    (Kisspeptins receptor)(Metastin
    receptor)(G-protein coupled receptor
    54)
    200 MINLAVFDL Probable G-protein coupled receptor Q9Y2T6
    55
    201 EASALAVAPSAK Probable G-protein5 coupled receptor Q9HC97
    35
    202 TFVLTIILV G-protein coupled receptor family C Q9NQ84
    group 5 member C precursor
    (Retinoic acid-induced gene 3
    protein)
    203 FLLDFEEDL Leucine-rich repeat-containing G- O75473
    protein coupled receptor 5 precursor
    (Orphan G-protein coupled receptor
    HG38)(G-protein coupled receptor
    49)(G-protein coupled receptor 67)
    204 FAMDSYGTSN Probable G-protein coupled receptor Q6QNK2
    133 precursor (G-protein coupled
    receptor PGR25)
    205 MELSEPIVEN G1 to S phase transition protein 1 P15170
    homolog (GTP-binding protein
    GST1-HS)
    206 WLENALGKL Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor Q16445
    alpha-6 subunit precursor (GABA(A)
    receptor)
    207 KILEHDDVSYL Ganglioside-induced differentiation- Q96MZ0
    associated protein 1-like 1 (GDAP1-
    L1)
    208 SQQNTDNLV Gap junction alpha-5 protein P36382
    (Connexin-40)(Cx40)
    209 SKLCEETPI GEM-interacting protein (GMIP) Q9P107
    210 QLVVELKDI Golgin subfamily B member 1 Q14789
    (Giantin)
    211 VFDIFQFAK UDP-N-acetylhexosamine Q16222
    pyrophosphorylase (Antigen X)
    212 NIANHFFTV UDP-N-acetylhexosamine Q16222
    pyrophosphorylase (Antigen X)
    213 HLIHEVTKV Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB Q14697
    precursor (EC 3.2.1.84)
    214 FLDPNNIPKA Probable dolichyl pyrophosphate Q9BVK2
    Glc1Man9G1cNAc2 alpha-1,3-
    glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-)
    215 KINEAVECLLSL Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA P07814
    synthetase [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA
    synthetase (EC 6.1.1.17)(Glutamate-
    -tRNA ligase); Prolyl-tRNA
    synthetase (EC 6.1.1.15)(Proline--
    tRNA ligase)]
    216 LLQTPKLLL Glycoprotein nmb-like protein Q8IXJ5
    217 VLLYSVVVV Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor P49683
    (PrRP receptor)(PrRPR)(G-protein
    coupled receptor 10)
    218 KFKQCKLLQ G protein-coupled receptor 112 Q5EGP2
    219 DVLSTSSAISL G protein-coupled receptor 112 Q5EGP2
    220 YIDDHSWTL Growth factor receptor-bound protein Q14449
    14 (GRB14 adapter protein)
    221 SLYEENNKL GRIP and coiled-coil domain- Q8IWJ2
    containing protein 2 (Golgi coiled
    coil protein GCC185)(CTCL tumor
    antigen se1-1)
    222 KLLEVQILE GRIP and coiled-coil domain- Q8IWJ2
    containing protein 2 (Golgi coiled
    coil protein GCC185)(CTCL tumor
    antigen se1-1)
    223 KPLLEQKEL GRIP and coiled-coil domain- Q8IWJ2
    containing protein 2 (Golgi coiled
    coil protein GCC185)(CTCL tumor
    antigen se1-1)
    224 FPWELDPDWS GROS1-L protein Q9HC86
    225 YLSAAINPIL Growth hormone secretagogue Q92847
    receptor type 1 (GHS-R)
    226 QLSLADVILL Glutathione S-transferase A4-4 (EC O15217
    2.5.1.18)
    227 QSFLVGNQL Glutathione S-transferase A4-4 (EC O15217
    2.5.1.18)
    228 LKNKTKEAAE GTP-binding protein Rhes (Ras Q96D21
    homolog enriched in striatum)
    (Tumor endothelial marker 2)
    229 EDFHRKVYNI GTP-binding protein Rhes (Ras Q96D21
    homolog enriched in striatum)
    (Tumor endothelial marker 2)
    230 YIDDVFHAL GTP-binding protein Rit1 (Ras-like Q92963
    protein expressed in many tissues)
    231 EQLAELRQEF VGFG2573 Q6UY45
    232 GLLERVKEL Hypothetical protein HDLBP Q53QU2
    233 DAILRIVGE Hypothetical protein HDLBP Q53QU2
    234 RHKLVSDGQ Heat shock protein 75 kDa, Q12931
    mitochondrial precursor (HSP 75)
    (Tumor necrosis factor type 1
    receptor-associated protein)
    235 IQLVMKVIE Heat shock protein apg-1 Q53ZP9
    236 MTREELVKN Tumor rejection antigen (Gp96) 1 Q5CAQ5
    237 ALKDKIEKA Tumor rejection antigen (Gp96) 1 Q5CAQ5
    238 KIILRHLIE Heat-shock protein beta-3 (HspB3) Q12988
    (Heat shock 17 kDa protein)
    239 TLGKLFWV Low-density lipoprotein receptor- O75197
    related protein 5 precursor
    240 KGQGGAGGQFL Regulator of telomere elongation Q9NZ71
    helicase 1 (EC 3.6.1.-)(Helicase-like
    protein NHL)
    241 KEFLVVASV Hematopoietic protein 1 Q52LW0
    242 KIAQKALDL Heme oxygenase 1 (EC 1.14.99.3) P09601
    (HO-1)
    243 ITEPLPELQL Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O- Q8IZT8
    sulfotransferase 5 (EC 2.8.2.23)
    244 KLRKEKEEF Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated Q9NYH9
    antigen 66
    245 EDVFPNILN Melanoma-associated antigen E2 Q8TD90
    (MAGE-E2 antigen)(Hepatocellular
    carcinoma-associated protein 3)
    246 IAVMLLEGGAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase O75832
    regulatory subunit 10 (26S
    proteasome regulatory subunit p28)
    247 VDLFPGTFEV Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated Q5JUU1
    protein p28-II
    Hephaestin
    248 MVCGSPDIPL HECT domain and RCC1-like O95714
    domain-containing protein 2
    (HERC2)
    249 DAPHSEGDMHLL HECT domain and RCC1-like O95714
    domain-containing protein 2
    (HERC2)
    250 DTIEIITDR Heterogeneous nuclear P22626
    ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (hnRNP
    A2/hnRNP B1)
    251 RLFVGSIPK Heterogeneous nuclear O43390
    ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNP R)
    252 FLSEYQHQP HEXIM1 protein (HMBA-inducible) O94992
    253 LALMISMISAD Histatin-1 precursor (Histidine-rich Histatin-1
    protein 1) precursor
    (Histidine-rich
    protein 1)
    254 RMLPHAPGV Histone deacetylase 1 (HD1) Q13547
    255 THNLLLNYGL Histone deacetylase 1 (HD1) Q13547
    256 SPNMNAVISL Histone deacetylase 9 (HD9)(HD7B) Q9UKV0
    (HD7)
    257 EFIDLLKKM Homeodomain-interacting protein Q9H2X6
    kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    258 KMINHDSEKED Cullin-2 (CUL-2) Q13617
    259 AVDEDRKMYL Cullin-2 (CUL-2) Q13617
    260 LFELLEKEI SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated O60264
    actin-dependent regulator of
    chromatin subfamily A member 5
    (EC 3.6.1.-)
    261 FISEFEHRV HUMAN HSPC027 26S proteasome Q9Y6E3
    non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13
    Synonyms 26S proteasome
    regulatory subunit S 11
    26S proteasome regulatory subunit
    p40.5
    262 AMFDHIPVGV Hypothetical protein (Novel protein Q9Y3I0
    HSPC117)(DJ149A16.6 protein)
    (Hypothetical protein HSPC117)
    263 WSFCLACV Claudin domain-containing protein 1 Q9NY35
    (Membrane protein GENX-3745)
    Q9NY35
    264 NLLFPIIYL Large neutral amino acids transporter Q9UHI5
    small subunit 2 (L-type amino acid
    transporter 2)(hLAT2)
    265 SLLENLEKI Heterogeneous nuclear O60812
    ribonucleoprotein C-like 1 (hnRNP
    core protein C-like 1)
    266 ILDQKINEV Ornithine decarboxylase (EC P11926
    4.1.1.17)(ODC)
    267 DQINIETKN Regulator of nonsense transcripts 2 Q9HAU5
    (Nonsense mRNA reducing factor 2)
    (Up-frameshift suppressor 2
    homolog)(hUpf2)
    268 PFQNLLKEY Regulator of nonsense transcripts 2 Q9HAU5
    (Nonsense mRNA reducing factor 2)
    (Up-frameshift suppressor 2
    homolog)(hUpf2)
    269 LELELENLEI Regulator of nonsense transcripts 2 Q9HAU5
    (Nonsense mRNA reducing factor 2)
    (Up-frameshift suppressor 2
    homolog)(hUpf2)
    270 GLADASLLKKV ATX10_HUMAN Ataxin-10 Q9UBB4
    271 GQILEAAVSV KIAA1833 protein Q569G6
    272 RVVSVSFRV HUMAN UDP-GalNAc: betaGlcNAc Q8NCR0
    beta 1,3-galactosaminyltransferase,
    polypeptide 2 (Beta 1,3-N-
    acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-II)
    (MGC39558)
    273 TQKRLDVYL Hypothetical protein KIAA1033 Q2M389
    274 AMLTVLHEI Activating signal cointegrator 1 Q8N3C0
    complex subunit 3 (EC 3.6.1.-)
    275 ARLAALVQR Delta-interacting protein A (Hepatitis Q15834
    delta antigen-interacting protein A)
    (Coiled-coil domain-containing
    protein 85B)
    276 FAVHFYRS Hypothetical protein FLJ14466 Q96BP7
    Interferon-inducible double stranded
    277 FNITYLDID RNA-dependent protein kinase O75569
    activator A
    278 GLAKRVWSL Hypothetical protein C9orf142 Q9BUH6
    279 HLDATKLLL Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 17 Q96AE7
    280 IGSFHGVLSL CDNA FLJ14058 fis, clone Q9H7Z0
    HEMBB1000554
    281 ILDLIDDAW Anaphase promoting complex Q9BS18
    subunit 13
    282 KLLEMVRED Hypothetical protein CCDC60 Q8IWA6
    283 LSYLPATVEP Sphingosine kinase 2 (EC 2.7.1.-) Q9NRA0
    284 QLAQFVHEV Probable ATP-dependent RNA Q96FC9
    helicase DDX11 (EC 3.6.1.-)
    (DEAD/H box protein 11)(CHL1
    homolog)(Keratinocyte growth
    factor-regulated gene 2 protein)
    (KRG-2)
    285 SYDESDEEE Protein KIAA0182 Q14687
    286 SYSDEFGPS Ras GTPase-activating protein Q96PV0
    SynGAP (Synaptic Ras-GTPase-
    activating protein 1)(Synaptic Ras-
    GAP 1)(Neuronal RasGAP)
    287 TVERADSSHLSI Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 Q8N539
    288 VTENELAVIT MGC39581 protein Q86XM0
    289 VTYLEDYSA Bcl-2-like 13 protein (Mill protein) Q9BXK5
    (Bcl-rambo)
    290 YLLEKTRVA Myosin head domain containing 1 Q96H55
    291 TLKILDLME WD-repeat protein 51A Q8NBT0
    292 EDLIKELIK KIF27A (OTTHUMP00000021559) Q86VH2
    293 LSLENLEKI Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase Q2T9J4
    F, isoform 1
    294 FLNKAADFIE Myopalladin Q96KF5
    295 GLDIDGIYRV Rho GTPase activating protein 12 Q5T2Y2
    296 QNNNLQTQI Hypothetical protein Q7Z3C5
    DKFZp686D0630
    297 FLDDVVHSL Jumonji domain-containing protein Q15652
    1C (Thyroid receptor-interacting
    protein 8)(TRIP-8)
    298 NMVDLNDY Coatomer subunit beta (Beta-coat P53618
    protein)(Beta-COP)
    299 YLLKEDMAGI FLJ10462 fis, clone NT2RP1001494, Q9NVW8
    weakly similar to MALE
    STERILITY PROTEIN 2
    300 KLFEKVKEV FLJ10462 fis, clone NT2RP1001494, Q9NVW8
    weakly similar to MALE
    STERILITY PROTEIN 2
    301 TVMDEIHTV Cell-cycle and apoptosis regulatory Q6X935
    protein 1
    302 KLISELQKL Telomere-associated protein RIF1 Q5UIP0
    (Rap1-interacting factor 1 homolog)
    303 KVIDEIYRV F-box only protein 28 Q9NVF7
    304 SSLSDGLLLE CDNA F1110901 fis, clone Q9NV65
    NT2RP5003524
    305 EEIVKVTFE Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (EC Q86V21
    6.2.1.16)
    306 ELLENIIKN Putative cell cycle control protein Q9NXZ0
    (DEP domain containing 1)
    307 ELLSLVQNL Synaptopodin 2-like Q68A20
    308 PQQERDFY CDNA FLJ36560 fis, clone Q8N9T8
    TRACH2009340
    309 GRGGKDPPLEP CDNA FLJ13330 fis, clone Q9H8Q0
    OVARC1001802
    310 LADISLHDPV ATP-dependent RNA helicase Q9H8H2
    DDX31 (EC 3.6.1.-)(DEAD box
    protein 31)(Helicain)
    311 PSNMGIAIPL Protein C14orf161 Q9H7T0
    312 FMMPQSLGV Cysteine protease ATG4B (EC Q9Y4P1
    3.4.22.-)(Autophagy-related protein
    4 homolog B)
    313 IMVATAVVAI CDNA FLJ14526 fis, clone Q96T08
    NT2RM1001139
    314 MTKRYEALE Hypothetical protein CCDC77 Q9BR77
    (CDNA FLJ14732 fis, clone
    NT2RP3001969, weakly similar to
    TRICHOHYALIN)
    315 SLDAKEIYL CDNA FLJ14790 fis, clone Q96K38
    NT2RP4000973, weakly similar to
    PROBABLE PROTEIN DISULFIDE
    ISOMERASE P5 (EC 5.3.4.1)
    316 QLLDIKTRL Keratin 24 Q2M2I5
    317 FLTDYLNDL BCoR protein (BCL-6 corepressor) Q6W2J9
    318 ANQGGFENGE Hypothetical protein FLJ20582 Q6IQ21
    319 ILGLLLLHLE Hypothetical protein FLJ22688 Q9BT04
    320 VYQKEGVLAS Hypothetical protein FLJ22944 Q9H5W3
    321 YLNDFTHEI Zinc finger protein, subfamily 1A, 5- Q8TBE5
    322 SPPLQGEIS Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif Q8IW35
    containing 2
    323 LFFEPVTTP Hypothetical protein FLJ23749 Q8TEA0
    324 WISVPVVT Hypothetical protein FLJ25336 http://www.
    expasy.org/
    sprot/userman.
    html-AC line
    Q96LP1
    325 NMEIMPEGSL Hypothetical protein FLJ25660 Q8N7G6
    CDNA FLJ30058 fis, clone
    326 QDQLSALQL ADRGL2000074, weakly similar to Q96NU6
    RHO-GTPASE-ACTIVATING
    PROTEIN 6
    327 MEADPDLSR CDNA FLJ30106 fis, clone Q96A82
    BNGH41000190, weakly similar to
    Rattus norvegicus schlafen-4 (SLFN-
    4) mRNA.
    328 LYLPATTPY Whirlin Q9P202
    329 SEIEKNKKV CDNA FLJ31846 fis, clone Q96MV0
    NT2RP7000425, weakly similar to
    MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN,
    NONMUSCLE TYPE B
    330 SLVQIVTTL FLJ32833 fis, clone TESTI2003228 Q96M43
    331 KILDIRKNV Guanine nucleotide-binding protein P38405
    G(olf), alpha subunit (Adenylate
    cyclase-stimulating G alpha protein,
    olfactory type)
    332 QSLELLLLPV CDNA FLJ33811 fis, clone Q8N279
    CTONG2002095
    333 ALLNNIIEI Transmembrane protein 16C Q9BYT9
    334 FNQSSSLIIH Zinc finger protein 31 (Zinc finger P17040
    protein KOX29)(Zinc finger and
    SCAN domain-containing protein 20)
    (Zinc finger protein 360)
    335 LSLSALPVSY Transmembrane 6 superfamily Q9BZW4
    member 2
    336 YLDLTPNQE CDNA FLJ90251 fis, clone Q8NCH3
    NT2RM4000115
    337 YLFERIKEL CDNA FLJ90251 fis, clone Q8NCH3
    NT2RM4000115
    338 FILDVLLPEA CDNA FLJ90760 fis, clone Q8N2I4
    THYRO1000061
    339 EFIPEFEK Tubulin--tyrosine 12 ligase-like protein Q14166
    12
    340 DVFPATPGSQN KIAA0303 protein O15021
    341 FIFDVHVHEV Plexin-B2 precursor (MM1) O15031
    342 ILEVTNNLE Zinc finger and BTB domain- O15062
    containing protein 5
    343 ILSKKDLPL Centrosome-associated protein 350 Q8WY20
    344 HEPPKAVDK piccolo (Aczonin) Q9Y6V0
    345 ILDDSHLLV KIAA0560 protein O60306
    346 YLDNVVNKQ KIAA0676 protein Q96H49
    347 KLLPYVGLLQ Human homolog of Mus SLIT and Q810B7
    NTRK-like protein 5 precursor
    348 QLKSLIQID Human homolog of Mus SLIT and Q810B7
    NTRK-like protein 5 precursor
    349 SLLNNPLSI Nischarin Q6PIB4
    350 SSLSDALVLE FERM domain-containing protein 4A Q9P2Q2
    351 DELQQLFNL Leucine-rich repeats neuronal protein Q6UXK5
    1 precursor (Neuronal leucine-rich
    repeat protein 1)(NLRR-1)
    352 QILSGRKPEL KIAA1512 protein Q9P216
    353 KLVEVIEEV KIAA1598 protein Q9HCH4
    354 QTLLKNPLY hosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate 3- Q96QU2
    phosphatase adaptor subunit
    355 SLLDDLHSA KIAA1730 protein Q9C0D3
    356 HILDSSIYS KIAA1786 protein Q96JN9
    357 QSSPPPPPPS Hypothetical protein MGC20470 Q96EK3
    358 LMCYAIMVT OACT1 protein Q86XC2
    359 FLSEEGGHVAV 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose- Q16877
    2,6-biphosphatase 4 (6PF-2-K/Fru-
    2,6-P2ASE testis-type isozyme)
    360 SPDQELVLL IkappaB kinase complex-associated O95163
    protein (IKK complex-associated
    protein)(p150)
    361 FLLVVLLKL Immune receptor expressed on Q7Z7I3
    myeloid cells 2
    362 QIIEANYHS High-affinity cAMP-specific and O60658
    IBMX-insensitive 3′,5′-cyclic
    phosphodiesterase 8A (EC 3.1.4.17)
    363 ILIDKSGKLEL Bone specific CMF608 Q6WRI0
    364 TVMDSKIVQV Importin alpha-7 subunit O60684
    (Karyopherin alpha-6)
    365 VMDSKIVQV Importin alpha-7 subunit O60684
    (Karyopherin alpha-6)
    366 YQDPLDPTRSV InaD-like protein (Inadl protein) Q8NI35
    (hINADL)(Pals1-associated tight
    junction protein)(Protein associated
    to tight junctions)
    367 HEFLTPRL InaD-like protein (Inadl protein) Q8NI35
    (hINADL)(Pals1-associated tight
    junction protein)(Protein associated
    to tight junctions)
    368 GLFPWTPKL InaD-like protein (Inadl protein) Q8NI35
    (hINADL)(Pals1-associated tight
    junction protein)(Protein associated
    to tight junctions)
    369 CDVQRYNI Nitric oxide synthase, inducible (EC P35228
    1.14.13.39)
    370 NMYGKVVTV Transcription elongation factor SPT5 O00267
    (hSPT5)
    371 QNVQVNQKV Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (EC P27987
    2.7.1.127)(Inositol 1,4,5-
    trisphosphate 3-kinase B)
    372 SLINQMTQV Type I inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4- Q96PE3
    phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66)(Inositol
    polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type I)
    373 NVTVAVPTV Insulin receptor beta subunit Q9UCB7
    374 LGLENLCHL Insulin-like growth factor binding Q8TAY0
    protein, acid labile subunit
    375 YYEKLHTYF Integrin beta-4 precursor (GP150) P16144
    (CD104 antigen)
    376 LLAALLLDP Splice isoform 2 of P35462 P35462-2
    377 RRDFGFPQ Interferon alpha 2 protein Q16055
    378 SLLGFVYKL Interferon-induced protein with P09914
    tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT-1))
    (Interferon-induced 56 kDa protein)
    (IFI-56K)
    379 LDRVFKNY Interleukin-20 precursor (IL-20) Q9NYY1
    (Four alpha helix cytokine Zcyto10)
    380 LMVDHVTEV Steroid receptor RNA activator Q9HD15
    isoform 1
    381 KMDQQEFSI Intersectin-2 (SH3 domain- Q9NZM3
    protein 1B)(SH3P18)
    (SH3P18-like WASP-associated
    protein)
    382 SLLLLPEEL ITI-like protein (Inter-alpha Q6UXX5
    (Globulin) inhibitor H5-like)
    383 SQQNTDNLV Gap junction alpha-5 protein P36382
    (Connexin-40)
    384 WLDETLAQV Kelch-like protein 8 Q9P2G9
    385 VNLGGSKSISIS Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 P04264
    (Cytokeratin-1)
    386 ANYLDSMYI ADAM 9 precursor (EC 3.4.24.-)(A Q13443
    disintegrin and metalloproteinase
    domain 9)
    (Metalloprotease/disintegrin/cysteine-
    rich protein 9)(Myeloma cell
    metalloproteinase)
    387 HLWNSIHGL Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein Q14596
    (Neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 protein)
    (Membrane component, chromosome
    17, surface marker 2)(1A1-3B)
    388 SLADLMPRV Hypothetical protein Q6MZZ8
    DKFZp686K2075
    389 IDLSASLVLN KIAA0100 protein Q14667
    390 HLTYLNVYL Pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP- Q92620
    dependent RNA helicase PRP16 (EC
    3.6.1.-)(ATP-dependent RNA
    helicase DHX38)(DEAH box protein
    38)
    391 QLVACIESKL KIAA0251 protein Q8TBS5
    392 EGKLVVQDIE HUMAN KIAA0342 protein O15050
    393 QALEAGAVVLI KIAA0357 protein O15064
    394 VLSCSQALKI Hypothetical protein KIAA0372 Q6PGP7
    395 LSIEGEQEL KIAA0377 splice variant 2 Q86TE7
    396 EFQDLNQEV KIAA0386 protein Q9Y4F9
    397 RTKLTDIQI HUMAN CTCL tumor antigen HD- Q548S1
    CL-04
    398 RECKYDLPP Importin-13 (Imp13)(Ran-binding O94829
    protein 13)
    399 QLTKIQTEL KIAA0769 protein O94868
    400 LVNAAQSVFV Hypothetical protein KIAA0863 Q6IQ32
    401 VKAEDKARV Zinc finger protein KIAA1196- Q96KM6
    402 VLHDRIVSV CRSP complex subunit 3 (Cofactor Q9ULK4
    required for Sp1 transcriptional
    activation subunit 3)(Transcriptional
    coactivator CRSP130)(Vitamin D3
    receptor-interacting protein complex
    130 kDa component
    403 RNSIATLQGGR [Pyruvate dehydrogenase Q9P2J9
    [lipoamide]] phosphatase2,
    mitochondrial precursor (EC
    3.1.3.43)
    404 TVNILIVDQN Protocadherin-10 precursor Q9P2E7
    405 YLFDLPLKV Leucine-rich repeats and calponin Q5VUJ6
    homology (CH) domain containing 2
    406 NLAKDNEVL Ankyrin repeat domain 18B Q5W0G2
    407 SGDKLKLDQT Kin17 protein (HsKin17 protein) O60870
    (KIN, antigenic determinant of recA 
    protein homolog)
    408 KLTDYQVTL Kinesin-like protein KIF13A Q9H1H9
    (Kinesin-like protein RBKIN)
    409 KIQEILTQV Putative RNA binding protein KOC O00425
    410 YLDEQIKKV HUMAN Kinesin-like protein Q9H1H9
    KIF13A (Kinesin-like protein
    RBKIN)
    411 SSIVVEVDSLH HUMAN Kinesin-like protein Q9H1H9
    KIF13A (Kinesin-like protein
    RBKIN)
    412 RLASYLDRV Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 P05783
    (Cytokeratin-18)
    413 ALLNIKVKL Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 P05783
    (Cytokeratin-18)
    414 FNIVKNKTE Kv3.2d voltage-gated potassium Q86W09
    channel
    415 KAITAPVSL Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like Q9Y468
    protein (L(3)mbt-like)(L(3)mbt
    protein homolog)
    416 HEYLKAFKV Lactadherin precursor (Milk fat Q08431
    globule-EGF factor 8)(MFG-E8)
    (HMFG)(Breast epithelial antigen
    BA46)(MFGM)
    417 LKAFKVAYS Lactadherin precursor (Milk fat Q08431
    globule-EGF factor 8)(MFG-E8)
    (HMFG)(Breast epithelial antigen
    BA46)(MFGM)
    418 RLAVYIDRV Lamin-A/C (70 kDa lamin) P02545
    419 YLLGNSSPRT Lamin-A/C (70 kDa lamin) P02545
    420 EMKVSDLDR Laminin gamma-1 chain precursor P11047
    (Laminin B2 chain)
    421 VRLVDAGGVKL Low-density lipoprotein receptor- O75197
    related protein 5 precursor
    422 KPETFEHLF Leptin receptor precursor (LEP-R) P48357
    (OB receptor)
    423 EITDDGNLK Leptin receptor precursor (LEP-R) P48357
    (OB receptor)
    424 ECHHRYAEL Leptin receptor precursor (LEP-R) P48357
    (OB receptor)
    425 PSTCPDGFKI Mitogen-activated protein kinase O43283
    kinase kinase 13 (EC 2.7.11.25)
    426 RKGIIDVNL Leukemia virus receptor 2 Q08357
    427 LIQERDVKK Leukemia-associated protein with a Q8NFU7
    CXXC domain
    428 LTLEQVVAIE Leukemia-associated protein with a Q8NFU7
    CXXC domain
    429 RDTPHSDFRG RNA-binding protein 6 (RNA- P78332
    binding motif protein 6)(RNA-
    binding protein DEF-3)(Lung cancer
    antigen NY-LU-12)
    430 HRVLLHLF Lung cancer oncogene 5 Q7Z5Q7
    431 LLFDRPMHV Heterogeneous nuclear P52272
    ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M)
    432 FLSELTQQL Macrophage migration inhibitory P14174
    factor (MIF)(Phenylpyruvate
    tautomerase)(EC 5.3.2.1)
    433 SLLSHVEQL Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint Q9UI95
    protein MAD2B (MAD2-like 2)
    (hREV7)
    434 KLILRLHKL Mitogen-activated protein kinase Q9Y6R4
    kinase kinase 4 (EC 2.7.11.25)
    (MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 4)
    435 RLTHHPVYI Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting- Q9Y6J8
    like protein 1 (Dual-specificity
    protein phosphatase 24)(Map kinase
    phosphatase-like protein MK-STYX)
    436 QDNLEKLLQ Microtubule-associated Q6P0Q8
    serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (EC
    2.7.11.1)
    437 MKRLLLLF Matrix metalloprotease MMP-27 Q9H306
    438 DPQDILEVK MCM10 protein Q7L590
    439 FLFGEVHKA MCM10 protein Q7L590
    440 KVIVLVNKVLL Interferon-induced helicase C Q9BYX4
    domain containing protein 1 (EC
    3.6.1.-)(Melanoma differentiation-
    associated protein 5)
    441 QILSLEEKI Melanoma ubiquitous mutated Q2TAK8
    protein
    442 MLKDIIKEY Melanoma antigen family D, 2 Q5BJF3
    443 KTWGQYWQV Melanocyte protein Pmel 17 P40967
    precursor (Melanocyte lineage-
    specific antigen GP100)
    444 LLDGTATLRL Melanocyte protein Pmel 17 P40967
    precursor (Melanocyte lineage-
    specific antigen GP100)
    445 VLKEIVERV GPI-anchored protein p137 Q14444
    (p137GPI)(Membrane component
    chromosome 11 surface marker 1)
    Cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-
    associated protein 1
    446 SLLDEFYKL GPI-anchored protein p137 Q14444
    (p137GPI)(Membrane component
    chromosome 11 surface marker 1)
    Cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-
    associated protein 1
    447 TLNQNGYTLV Hepatocyte growth factor receptor P08581
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)(HGF
    receptor)(Scatter factor receptor)(SF
    receptor)(HGF/SF receptor)(Met
    proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase)
    448 QMPKMNFAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Q16539
    (EC 2.7.11.24)
    449 KLADFGVSGE Mitogen-activated protein kinase Q12851
    kinase kinase kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    (MAPK/ERK kinase kinase kinase 2)
    450 SIKDYEQAN Mitotic kinesin-related protein Q96Q89
    451 EDLMEDEDL Mitotic kinesin-related protein Q96Q89
    452 VLISKELISL Sperm-associated antigen 5 (Astrin) Q96R06
    (Mitotic spindle-associated protein
    p126)
    453 LIEKVQEAR Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage Q9UMN6
    leukemia protein 4 (Trithorax
    homolog 2)
    454 SRVRMKTPT Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage Q9UMN6
    leukemia protein 4 (Trithorax
    homolog 2)
    455 GLDDIKDLKV Putative helicase MOV-10 (EC Q9HCE1
    3.6.1.-)(Moloney leukemia virus 10
    protein)
    456 VLAETLTQV MOZ/CBP protein Q712H6
    457 DTNADKQLS Calgranulin B (Migration inhibitory P06702
    factor-related protein 14)(MRP-14)
    (P14)
    458 GRWVCKDLPCP MUC2_HUMAN Mucin-2 precursor Q02817
    (Intestinal mucin 2)
    459 FGNMQKINQ MUC2_HUMAN Mucin-2 precursor Q02817
    (Intestinal mucin 2)
    460 FPNWTLAQV Mucin-5B precursor (Mucin 5 Q9HC84
    subtype B, tracheobronchial)
    461 ATPSSTPETV Mucin-5B precursor (Mucin 5 Q9HC84
    subtype B, tracheobronchial)
    462 FVNDVNLEN Multiple PDZ domain protein (Multi O75970
    PDZ domain protein 1)(Multi-PDZ-
    domain protein 1)
    463 SENKLILMK RUFY2 (Run and FYVE domain- Q8IW33
    containing protein Rabip4
    464 TFCVQPGEKV Multidrug resistance associated Q8NHX7
    protein 7
    465 YLNDGLWHM Multiple copies in a T-cell Q9ULC4
    malignancies (Malignant T cell
    amplified sequence 1)(MCT1)
    466 GTTLRNLEI DNA mismatch repair protein Msh3 P20585
    467 SPPTLNGAPSP Protein CBFA2T2 (MTG8-like O43439
    protein)(MTG8-related protein 1)
    (Myeloid translocation-related
    protein 1)
    468 NEAAIKNVYL Myomesin-1 (190 kDa titin- P52179
    associated protein)(190 kDa
    connectin-associated protein
    469 FIDFGMDLQ Myosin heavy chain, cardiac muscle P12883
    beta isoform (MyHC-beta)
    470 LLEAKVKEL Myosin-13 (Myosin heavy chain, Q9UKX3
    skeletal muscle, extraocular)(MyHC-
    eo)
    471 LLAEKVEQL Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (N33 Q13454
    protein)
    472 LANARGLGLQ Nebulin-related anchoring protein Q8TCH0
    473 VNRIGQESLE Neural cell adhesion molecule 1, 1 P13592
    474 YLEIQGITR Neurotrimin precursor Q9P121
    475 EALENNKEL Ninein Q8N4C6
    476 NSMVVERQQL Ninein Q8N4C6
    477 HLLERVDQV Ninein Q8N4C6
    478 PERTQLLYL Notch homolog 2 Q5VTD0
    479 NGGTCEDGIN Neurogenic locus notch homolog P46531
    protein 1 precursor (Notch 1)(hN1)
    (Translocation-associated notch
    protein TAN-1)[Contains: Notch 1
    extracellular truncation; Notch 1
    intracellular domain]
    480 QSAADYLGAL Neurogenic locus notch homolog Q9UM47
    protein 3 precursor (Notch 3)
    [Contains: Notch 3 extracellular
    truncation; Notch 3 intracellular
    domain]
    481 ALLVVLSPPAL Neurogenic locus notch homolog Q99466
    protein 4 precursor (Notch 4)
    (hNotch4)[Contains: Notch 4
    extracellular truncation; Notch 4
    intracellular domain]-
    482 LRLDXLFKL Plexin-A1 precursor (Semaphorin Q9UIW2
    receptor NOV)
    483 WLIEDGKVV HUMAN NPD011 Q9H2R7
    484 SQPQEPENK Nuclear autoantigen Sp-100 P23497
    (Speckled 100 kDa)(Nuclear dot-
    associated Sp100 protein)
    485 LLREKVEFL Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Q14494
    factor 1 (NF-E2-related factor 1)
    (NFE2-related factor 1)(Nuclear
    factor, erythroid derived 2, like 1)
    (Transcription factor 11)
    (Transcription factor HBZ17)
    (Transcription factor LCR-F1)
    (Locus control region-factor 1)
    486 YLDDVNEII Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, O95644
    cytoplasmic 1 (NFAT transcription
    complex cytosolic component)(NF-
    ATc1)
    487 ALLDQLYLA Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 Q15596
    (NCoA-2)(Transcriptional
    intermediary factor 2)
    488 TLFDYEVRL Ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger Q96T88
    domain-containing protein 1 (EC
    6.3.2.-)
    489 SILKVVINN Nucleic acid helicase DDXx Q8IWW2
    490 LLYGGDLHSA Nucleic acid helicase DDXx Q8IWW2
    491 KLAENIDAQL Nucleoporin 62 kDa (NUP62 protein) Q6GTM2
    492 SLLTDEEDVD Nuclear pore complex protein P52948
    Nup98-Nup96 precursor [Contains:
    Nuclear pore complex protein Nup98
    (Nucleoporin Nup98)(98 kDa
    nucleoporin);
    493 VDITQEPVL Nuclear pore complex protein P52948
    Nup98-Nup96 precursor [Contains:
    Nuclear pore complex protein Nup98
    (Nucleoporin Nup98)(98 kDa
    nucleoporin);
    494 QLEKKLME Nucleoprotein TPR P12270
    495 GLDPLGYEIQ Nuclear pore complex protein P57740
    Nup107
    496 ALLDRIVSV Nuclear pore complex protein Q92621
    Nup205
    497 KILDLETQL ODF2 protein Q6PJQ8
    498 VTWLKETEV Trophoblast glycoprotein precursor Q6PJQ8
    (5T4 oncofetal trophoblast
    glycoprotein)
    499 VDLPGVINTV Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, O60313
    mitochondrial precursor (Optic
    atrophy 1 gene protein)
    500 TITCLPATLV Orexin receptor type 2 (Ox2r) O43614
    (Hypocretin receptor type 2)
    501 LLGPRLVLA Transmembrane emp24 domain- P49755
    containing protein 10 precursor
    (Transmembrane protein Tmp21)
    502 LTTPDAAGVNQ Orphan nuclear receptor TR2 P13056
    (Testicular receptor 2)
    503 FLDGHDLQL MKL/myocardin-like protein 1 Q969V6
    (Myocardia-related transcription
    factor A)(MRTF-A)
    (Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1
    protein)(Megacaryocytic acute
    leukemia protein)
    504 KTTEVLDASA Ovarian cancer related tumor marker Q8WXI7
    CA125-
    505 TSPTVPWTTSIF Ovarian cancer related tumor marker Q8WXI7
    CA125-
    506 WTITDTTEH Ovarian cancer related tumor marker Q8WXI7
    CA125-
    507 TITNLQYGE Ovarian cancer related tumor marker Q8WXI7
    CA125-
    508 ARLTFLNRG Oxysterol-binding protein-related Q9BZF1
    protein 8 (OSBP-related protein 8)
    509 KIDALSSEKL Centrosomal protein of 70 kDa Q8NHQ1
    (Cep70 protein)(p10-binding
    protein)
    510 LLAEAVLTYL Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 O60294
    (EC 2.1.1.-)(p21WAF1/CIP1
    promoter-interacting protein)
    511 SLFEKGLKNV F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 (F-box Q9UKA1
    and leucine-rich repeat protein 5)(F-
    box protein FBL4/FBLS)
    512 LDTPSQPVNN Inhibitor of growth protein 3 Q9NXR8
    513 VLDELKNMKC P53 inducible protein Q9UN29
    514 PQDYPDKKSLP DNA polymerase alpha catalytic P09884
    subunit (EC 2.7.7.7)
    515 NLLPKLHIV Chloride intracellular channel protein Q9Y696
    4 (Intracellular chloride ion channel
    protein p64H1
    516 LAAAGGPGQGWA Paired mesoderm homeobox protein Q99453
    2B (Paired likehomeobox 2B)
    (PHOX2B homeodomain protein)
    (Neuroblastoma Phox)
    517 GTPPPPGKPE PRB3 protein P81489
    518 SQGAVGLAGV Protein patched homolog 1 (PTC1) Q13635
    (PTC)
    519 ELKKINYQV Protein patched homolog 1 (PTC1) Q13635
    (PTC)
    520 KLFQDLQDL Rap guanine nucleotide exchange Q9Y4G8
    factor 2 (Neural RAP guanine
    nucleotide exchange protein)(nRap
    GEP)(PDZ domain-containing
    guanine nucleotide exchange factor
    1)(PDZ-GEF1)
    521 EAIVSHEKN Pecanex-like protein 1 (Pecanex Q96RV3
    homolog)
    522 GLLPQVNTFV Pecanex like protein 1 (Pecanex Q96RV3
    homolog)-
    523 KAYDVEREL GC-1-related estrogen receptor alpha Q8TDE4
    coactivator short isoform
    524 DVLESWLDF PHD finger Q86U89
    525 TMLVLVIRG Hypothetical protein Q6N038
    DKFZp686C07187
    526 DVAQLQALLQ Phosphatidylinosito1-4,5- P42338
    bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic
    subunit beta isoform (EC 2.7.1.153)
    (PI3-kinase p110 subunit beta)
    (PtdIns-3-kinase p110)
    527 QIIEANYHS Phosphodiesterase 8A, isoform 1 Q6P9H3
    528 YVTDVLYRV Serine/threonine-protein kinase Q96Q15
    SMG1 (EC 2.7.11.1)(SMG-1)
    (hSMG-1)(Lambda/iota protein
    kinase C-interacting protein)
    (Lambda-interacting protein)(
    529 FLDDEVIEL PiggyBac transposable element Q8N328
    derived 3
    530 VICILPNDDK PIWIL3 protein Q7Z3Z3
    531 IQNSQLQLQ Homeobox protein PKNOX1 P55347
    (PBX/knotted homeobox 1)
    532 FAYLLTYMA Transmembrane protein 115 (Protein Q12893
    PL6)
    533 GLIDSLVHYV Plakophilin-2 Q99959
    534 REDHPARP Plectin 6 Q6S380
    535 FLLDPVKGERL Plectin 1 (PLTN)(PCN) Q15149
    (Hemidesmosomal protein 1)(HD1)
    536 RGQNLDVVQ Plexin B1; plexin 5; semaphorin O43157
    receptor
    537 SLTGHISTV Pleiotropic regulator 1 O43660
    538 EPLRVPPDL Blood vessel epicardial substance Q8NE79
    (hBVES)(Popeye domain-containing
    protein 1)(Popeye protein 1)
    539 EIPVLNELPV Carboxypeptidase-like protein X2 Q8N436
    precursor
    540 LYIPAMAFI YIF1B protein YIF1B protein
    541 SLLQHLIGL Melanoma antigen preferentially P78395
    expressed in tumors (Pr4eferentially
    expressed antigen of melanoma)
    (OPA-interacting protein 4)
    542 ISSMLVLFF Splice isoform 2 of Q9H7F0 Q9H7F0-2
    543 ENHSSQTDNI P2Y purinoceptor 13 (P2Y13)(G- Q9BPV8
    protein coupled receptor 86)(G-
    protein coupled receptor 94)
    544 ILMGVLKEV Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor O43143
    ATP-dependent RNA helicase
    DHX15 (EC 3.6.1.-)(DEAH box
    protein 15)(ATP-dependent RNA
    helicase #46)
    545 VLFENTDSVHL HUMAN RNA-binding protein 34 P42696
    (RNA-binding motif protein 34)
    546 INMRIQDL Prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-1 subunit P13674
    precursor (EC 1.14.11.2)(4-PH
    alpha-1)(Procollagen-proline,2-
    oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase alpha-1
    subunit)
    547 KTDKTLVLL Profilin-1 P07737
    548 GLIEILKKV Programmed cell death protein 5 O14737
    (TFAR19 protein)(TF-1 cell
    apoptosis-related gene 19 protein)
    549 NMVDIIHSV Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta P05166
    chain, mitochondrial precursor (EC
    6.4.1.3)
    550 ILDAGGHNVTI 26S proteasome non-ATPase Q99460
    regulatory subunit 1 (26S proteasome
    regulatory subunit RPN2)(26S
    proteasome regulatory subunit S1)
    (26S proteasome subunit p112)
    551 YMNLEKPDFI 26S proteasome non-ATPase Q99460
    regulatory subunit 1 (26S proteasome
    regulatory subunit RPN2)(26S
    proteasome regulatory subunit S1)
    (26S proteasome subunit p112)
    552 SLADIAQKL 26S proteasome non-ATPase O43242
    regulatory subunit 3 (26S proteasome
    regulatory subunit S3)(Proteasome
    subunit p58)
    553 QLVDIIEKV Proteasome activator complex P61289
    subunit 3 (Proteasome activator 28-
    gamma subunit)(PA28gamma)
    (PA28g)(Activator of multicatalytic
    protease subunit 3)(11S regulator
    complex gamma subunit)(REG-
    gamma)(Ki nuclear autoantigen)
    554 SLLKVDQEV Proteasome activator complex P61289
    subunit 3 (Proteasome activator 28-
    gamma subunit)(PA28gamma)
    (PA28g)(Activator of multicatalytic
    protease subunit 3)(11S regulator
    complex gamma subunit)(REG-
    gamma)(Ki nuclear autoantigen)
    555 QILRLLHIE Protein C14orf166 Q9Y224
    556 EMGGGENNLK Protein KIAA1219 Q86X10
    557 NLAEKLIGV Protein KIAA1219 Q86X10
    558 EKSVSVQTNL Protein KIAA1688 Q9C0H5
    559 GLLDSLTGILN Protein Plunc precursor (Palate lung Q9NP55
    and nasal epithelium clone protein)
    (Lung-specific protein X)
    (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related
    protein)(Tracheal epithelium-
    enriched protein)(Secretory protein
    in upper respiratory tracts)
    560 SLLPPDALVGL Protein transport protein Sec23B Q15437
    561 LEEKNTLIQEL Liprin-alpha-2 (Protein tyrosine O75334
    phosphatase receptor type f
    polypeptide-interacting protein alpha-
    2)(PTPRF-interacting protein alpha-
    2)
    562 LLSESNERL Liprin-alpha-2 (Protein tyrosine O75334
    phosphatase receptor type f
    polypeptide-interacting protein alpha-
    2)(PTPRF-interacting protein alpha-
    2)
    563 LADLGSLESP Protocadherin gamma A12 precursor O60330
    (PCDH-gamma-A12)(Cadherin-21)
    (Fibroblast cadherin 3)
    564 QLLKFQLNK Protocadherin gamma A10 precursor Q9Y5H3
    (PCDH-gamma-A10)
    565 LLAEAVLTYL Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 O60294
    (EC 2.1.1.-)(p21WAF1/CIP1
    promoter-interacting protein)
    566 QLLREPHLQ KIAA1636 protein Q9HCD6
    567 TIPNLEQIE Probable G-protein coupled receptor Q9UJ42
    160
    568 KLWEAESKL Protein C21orf45 Q9NYP9
    569 IFHLHELPE Periodic tryptophan protein 2 Q15269
    homolog
    570 KLFNDAIRL Rab-like protein 2B Q9UNT1
    571 FENQEVQAI Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 O75943
    (hRad17)(RF-C/activator 1
    homolog)
    572 EYVEKFYRI DNA repair protein RAD50 (EC 3.6.-.-) Q92878
    (hRAD50)
    573 QIDEIRDK DNA repair protein RAD50 (EC 3.6.-.-) Q92878
    (hRAD50)
    574 FLHEKLESL Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 P20936
    (GTPase-activating protein)(GAP)
    (Ras p21 protein activator)
    (p120GAP)(RasGAP)
    575 FELNNELKM Ras guanine nucleotide exchange Q9UK56
    factor 2
    576 LLSNNNQAL Ras-GTPase-activating protein- Q13283
    binding protein 1 (EC 3.6.1.-)(ATP-
    dependent DNA helicase VIII)(GAP
    SH3-domain-binding protein 1)
    (G3BP-1)(HDH-VIII)
    577 VLCGNKSDLE Ras-related protein Rab-27A (Rab- P51159
    27)(GTP-binding protein Ram)
    578 LLMYDIAN Ras-related protein Rab-3D O95716
    579 SQVNILSKIVSR Nuclear pore complex protein P57740
    Nup107 (Nucleoporin Nup107)(107
    kDa nucleoporin)
    580 VMFNGKVYL Receptor-interacting factor 1 Q86XS4
    581 LEVEVIEAR Regulating synaptic membrane Q9UJD0
    exocytosis protein 3 (Nim3)(Rab-3
    interacting molecule 3)(RIM 3)
    (RIMS gamma)
    582 TLLRGIEW Regulator of G protein signaling Q86UV0
    protein (Regulator of G-protein
    signalling like 1)
    583 PDFTELDLQ MHC class II regulatory factor RFX1 P22670
    (RFX)(Enhancer factor C)(EF-C)
    584 DVLFALFSKL Retinoblastoma-associated protein P06400
    (PP110)(P105-RB)
    585 RSGERKAVQA Roundabout homolog 3 precursor Q96MS0
    (Roundabout-like protein 3)
    586 GLNEEIARV Retinoblastoma-associated protein O14777
    HEC (Kinetochore associated 2)
    587 FLFQEPRSI Retinoblastoma-associated protein Q9UK61
    RAP140
    588 FLFQEPRSIVT Retinoblastoma-associated protein Q9UK61
    RAP140
    589 KEVDILNLP AT-rich interactive domain- P29374
    containing protein 4A (ARID
    domain-containing protein 4A)
    (Retinoblastoma-binding protein 1)
    590 YKLPMEDLK Jumonji/ARID domain-containing P29375
    protein 1A (Retinoblastoma-binding
    protein 2)(RBBP-2)
    591 TMVDRIEEV Jumonji/ARID domain-containing P29375
    protein 1A (Retinoblastoma-binding
    protein 2)(RBBP-2)
    592 VEGLLTLSDFDL RhoGTPase regulating protein Q6RJU5
    variant ARHGAP20-1ad
    593 WMLDKLTGV 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform Q8TD47
    2
    594 LLKHLLLLL RNA binding motif Q13380
    595 ALLSRLEQI RNA binding protein (Autoantigenic, Q2M365
    hnRNP-associated with lethal
    yellow), long isoform-
    596 DVYEDELVP RNA-binding protein Q8NI52
    597 VMLGGRNIKV Ro ribonucleoprotein-binding protein Q9UHX1
    1 (SIAHBP1 protein)
    598 RLDELGGVYL HUMAN OTTHUMP00000030902 Q5JYR6
    599 FEDKLIEDL Ryanodine receptor 2 (Cardiac Q92736
    muscle-type ryanodine receptor)
    (RyR2)(RYR-2)(Cardiac muscle
    ryanodine receptor-calcium release
    channel)(hRYR-2)
    600 QLIDKVWQL SEC14-like protein 1 Q92503
    601 FLLEPQMKV Secreted and transmembrane protein Q8WVN6
    1 precursor (Protein K12)
    602 ILNEDGSPNL Neudesin precursor (Neuron-derived Q9UMX5
    neurotrophic factor)
    603 LLAILILAL P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 Q14242
    precursor (PSGL-1)(Selectin P
    ligand)(CD162 antigen)
    604 SMNRGGYMP Semaphorin-6D precursor Q8NFY4
    605 EFIDGSLQM Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting Q8WUJ0
    protein (Protein tyrosine
    phosphatase-like protein)
    606 ILVVYVIGL Olfactory receptor 8G5 (Olfactory Q8NG78
    receptor OR11-298)
    607 TLSERLWLG Shb-like adapter protein, Shf Q7M4L6
    608 VLWDRTFSL Signal transducer and activator of P42224
    transcription 1-alpha/beta
    (Transcription factor ISGF-3
    components p91/p84) STAT1
    609 NVNFFTKPP Signal transducer and activator of P40763
    transcription 3 (Acute-phase response
    factor)
    610 ETFSGVYKK 40S ribosomal protein S7 P62081
    611 QLDDLKVEL 60S ribosomal protein L35 P42766
    612 MEDLIHEI 60S ribosomal protein L7 P18124
    613 QTDVDNDLV Thrombospondin-2 precursor P35442
    614 LLIDPPRYI C3 and PZP-like alpha-2- Q8IZJ3
    macroglobulin domain containing 8
    615 PSIPTSAQHV C3 and PZP-like alpha-2- Q8IZJ3
    macroglobulin domain containing 8
    616 FLDEPTNHL ATP-binding cassette sub-family F Q9UG63
    member 2 (Iron-inhibited ABC
    transporter 2)
    617 KMDDPDYWRTV Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 Q14137
    (Block of proliferation 1 protein)
    618 LANVQQVQI CDNA FLJ13765 fis, clone Q9H8C5
    PLACE4000128, weakly similar to
    Mus musculus putative transcription
    factor mRNA
    619 SLFVVILVT CD200 cell surface glycoprotein Q6Q8B3
    receptor isoform 2 variant 2
    620 ARTIKIRNI LRRC58 protein Q96CX6
    621 LVLTSGIVFV Claudin-6 (Skullin 2) P56747
    622 VISFDKLKL T-box transcription factor TBX18 (T- O95935
    box protein 18)
    623 DLMELYKV INTS7 protein Q8WUH5
    624 LQRRKPTGAF FRAS1-related extracellular matrix Q5SZK8
    protein 2 precursor (ECM3 homolog)
    625 KVNNEKFRT Zinc finger protein 318 (Endocrine Q5VUA4
    regulatory protein)
    626 SLDQPTQTV Eukaryotic translation initiation Q99613
    factor 3 subunit 8 (eIF3 p110)
    (eIF3c)
    627 SVTSEGIKAV HUMAN LOC196394 protein Q8IY45
    628 ISLSEPAKPG Hypothetical protein FLJ44216 Q8NDZ2
    629 ILDKKVEKV Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta P08238
    (HSP 84)(HSP 90)
    630 KLSAEVESLK Sarcoma antigen NY-SAR-41 (NY- Q5T9S5
    SAR-41)
    631 VTWDAALYI Protein FAM86A Q96G04
    632 YLLPKDIKL Ras-like family 11 member A Q6T310
    (OTTHUMP00000018162)
    633 RLLEDGEDFNL Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 P05783
    (Cytokeratin-18)(CK-18)
    634 RVLPYPFTH U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated Q9BVJ6
    protein 14 homolog A (Antigen NY-
    CO-16)
    635 QNQERLER Hypothetical protein Q68DM0
    DKFZp781D1722
    636 QDNIKELEL Chromosome-associated kinesin O95239
    KIF4A (Chromokinesin)
    637 ILKQRDNEI Kinesin-like protein KIF6 Q6ZMV9
    638 QNELDNVSTL Myosin-10 (Myosin heavy chain, P35580
    nonmuscle IIb)(Nonmuscle myosin
    heavy chain IIb)
    639 NIDLLDDGSN Hypothetical protein C17orf57 Q8IY85
    640 VLQSNIQHV Similar to peptide N-glycanase Q9BVR8
    homolog (S. cerevisiae)
    641 VFFDIAVDGEPL Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A P62937
    (EC 5.2.1.8)
    642 DFHFPKFSI Serpin A13 precursor Q6UXR4
    643 SYVNLPTIAL 40S ribosomal protein SA (p40) P08865
    (34/67 kDa laminin receptor)(Colon
    carcinoma laminin-binding protein)
    (NEM/1CHD4)(Multidrug
    resistance-associated protein MGr1-
    Ag)
    644 SNLEHLGHE N-acetylglucosamine-1- Q9UJJ9
    phosphotransferase subunit gamma
    precursor
    645 LKLKLTAVEK Liprin-beta-1 (Protein tyrosine Q86W92
    phosphatase receptor type f
    polypeptide-interacting protein-
    binding protein 1)
    646 GLKGRVFEV 40S ribosomal protein S3a P61247
    647 SLADLQNDEV 40S ribosomal protein S3a P61247
    648 NNLPHLQVV LOC124512 protein (Fragment) Q86XA0
    649 ISFGGSVQL Hypothetical protein MGC26744 Q96KX1
    650 SILDQILQ Hypothetical protein LOC122258 Q96KW9
    651 TLSDLRVYL Sulfiredoxin-1 (EC 1.8.98.2) Q9BYN0
    652 EAFVNSKN Basalin Q5QJ38
    653 VTWDAALYL Protein FAM86A Q96G04
    654 VLDDKLVFV Transmembrane protein 16F Q4KMQ2
    655 YLLDLHSYL TEB4 protein O14670
    656 FLALAVIQL SLC10A5 Q5PT55
    657 TLAEVSTRL Serine/threonine-protein kinase P57059
    658 VIEVYQEQI SNF1-like kinase 1 (EC 2.7.11.1) Q6P094
    LOC391257 protein
    659 RLWEEAVKA Zinc finger protein 161 (Putative Q14119
    transcription factor DB1)
    660 SLKTLMLR Slit homolog 2 protein precursor O94813
    (Slit-2)
    661 EIKKKFKL FYN-binding protein (FYN-T- O15117
    binding protein)
    662 VHKEMFIMV Jumonji/ARID domain-containing P41229
    protein 1C (SmcX protein)(Xe169
    protein)
    663 VHKEMFIMV Jumonji/ARID domain-containing Q9BY66
    protein 1D (SmcY protein)
    (Histocompatibility Y antigen)
    664 LAGSEVALAGV Monocarboxylate transporter 3 (MCT O95907
    3)
    665 IPHDLFTEL Solute carrier family 4 sodium Q6U841
    bicarbonate cotransporter-like
    member 10-
    666 FLADPDTVNHLL Sorting nexin 14, isoform a Q6NUI7
    667 RVADRLYGV Sorting nexin-4 O95219
    668 HRPDLLDY Spectrin beta chain, brain 4 (Spectrin, Q9NRC6
    non-erythroid beta chain 4)
    669 TLDENHPSI Spermatogenesis-associated protein 7 Q9P0W8
    (Spermatogenesis-associated protein
    HSD3)
    670 TLAEIAKVEL Non-POU domain-containing Q15233
    octamer-binding protein (NonO)
    protein)(54 kDa nuclear RNA-and
    DNA-binding protein)(p54(nrb))
    (p54nrb)(55 kDa nuclear protein)
    671 DVAVEAIRL Cohesin subunit SA-1 (Stromal Q8WVM7
    antigen 1)(SCC3 homolog 1)
    672 LMVDHVTEV Steroid receptor RNA activator Q9HD15
    isoform 1
    673 SLYEMVSRV Structure-specific recognition protein Q08945
    1 (SSRP1)(Recombination signal
    sequence recognition protein)(T160)
    (Chromatin-specific transcription
    elongation factor 80 kDa subunit)
    674 SINPKRAKL Suppressor of hairy wing homolog 2 Q86YH2
    (5′OY11.1)(Zinc finger protein 632)
    675 NMYGKVVTV Transcription elongation factor SPT5 O00267
    (hSPT5)(DRB sensitivity-inducing
    factor large subunit)(DSIF large
    subunit)(DSIF p160)(Tat-
    cotransactivator 1 protein)(Tat-CT1
    protein)-
    676 SLFATEQL Synaptogyrin-3 O43761
    677 RLQEGDKILSV Synaptojanin-2-binding protein P57105
    (Mitochondrial outer membrane
    protein 25)
    678 AMFDKKVQL Synemin Q8TE61
    679 ALNELLQHV Talin-1 Q9Y490
    680 RVVSMAALAM TAR RNA loop binding protein v
    (TAR(HIV)RNA binding protein 1)
    681 GIIMQIIDV Taste receptor type 2 member 3 Q9NYW6
    (T2R3)
    682 IFNAIALFL Taste receptor type 2 member 40 P59535
    (T2R40)(T2R58)(G-protein coupled
    receptor 60)
    683 LEQGLFSKV Oxidoreductase HTATIP2 (EC Q9BUP3
    1.1.1.-)(HIV-1 TAT-interactive
    protein 2)
    684 KFMHMGKRQK Transcription initiation factor TFIID P49848
    subunit 6 (Transcription initiation
    factor TFIID 70 kDa subunit)
    (TAF(II)70)(TAFII-70)(TAFII-80)
    (TAFII80)
    685 SNFGNEKL TRA@ protein Q6PIP7
    686 FLLDKKIGV T-complex protein 1 subunit beta P78371
    (TCP-1-beta)(CCT-beta)
    687 RSLAASNPIL Telomerase-binding protein EST1A Q86US8
    (Ever shorter telomeres 1A)
    (Telomerase subunit EST1A)(EST1-
    like protein A)(hSmg5/7a)
    688 EMESLTGHQ Tumor endothelial marker 6 Q96PE0
    (Hypothetical protein TEM6)
    689 LDFQEELEV Ras GTPase-activating-like protein Q13576
    IQGAP2
    690 SPNSEGDAGDL Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 15 Q8WVT3
    (TPR repeat protein 15)
    691 LVYLNESSVLH Myosin-18A (Myosin XVIIIa) Q92614
    (Myosin containing PDZ domain)
    (Molecule associated with JAK3 N-
    terminus)(MAJN)
    692 VAGIKVNQVK Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease Q8TCZ9
    1 precursor (Fibrocystin)
    693 ILYELQVEL TMC4 protein Q7Z5M3
    694 EVLDELYRV MDC-3.13 isoform 1 (TNFAIP8 Q9UER5
    protein)
    695 TNIEDGVFET Toll-like receptor 8 precursor Toll-like
    receptor 8
    precursor
    696 EIRKNEGQI Tolloid-like protein 1 precursor (EC O43897
    3.4.24.-)
    697 IAAKILSYN DNA topoisomerase I, mitochondrial Q969P6
    precursor (EC 5.99.1.2)(TOP1mt)
    698 LYGRHFNYL PAP associated domain-containing Q8NDF8
    protein 5 (EC 2.7.7.-)
    (Topoisomerase-related function
    protein 4-2)(TRF4-2)
    699 NLFNKYPAL Plastin-3 (T-plastin) P13797
    700 YLDEIVKEV Translocated promoter region (To Q5SWY0
    activated MET oncogene)
    701 ENHSSQTDNI P2Y purinoceptor 13 (P2Y13)(G- Q9BPV8
    protein coupled receptor 86)(G-
    protein coupled receptor 94)
    702 RTHMLSSL Transcript Y 5 Q9BXH6
    703 QATIAPVTV Transcription factor Sp4 (SPR-1) Q02446
    704 NLFRAPIYL Transcription initiation factor TFIID P21675
    subunit 1 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    (Transcription initiation factor TFIID
    250 kDa subunit)(TAF(II)250)
    (TAFII-250)(TAFII250)(TBP-
    associated factor 250 kDa)(p250)
    (Cell cycle gene 1 protein)
    705 KLEEEQEKNQL Transcriptional repressor CTCFL Q8NI51
    (CCCTC-binding factor)(Brother of
    the regulator of imprinted sites)(Zinc
    finger protein CTCF-T)(CTCF
    paralog
    706 LNVDTPFPL Transducer of regulated CREB Q6UUV7
    protein 3
    707 ILYELKVEL Transmembrane channel-like protein Q7Z404
    4
    708 KFMHMGKRQK Transcription initiation factor TFIID P49848
    subunit 6 (Transcription initiation
    factor TFIID 70 kDa subunit)
    (TAF(II)70)(TAFII-70)(TAFII-80)
    (TAFII80)
    709 HSDEGGVASL Trophinin-associated protein (Tastin) Q12815
    (Trophinin-assisting protein)
    710 AMLTGELKKA Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC P23381
    6.1.1.2)(Tryptophan--tRNA ligase)
    (TrpRS)(IFP53)(hWRS)
    711 VFPTHVFPT Tubulin, gamma complex associated Q5T9Y2
    protein 3
    712 KELAELRESTS Tumor necrosis factor ligand P48023
    superfamily member 6 (Fas antigen
    ligand)(Fas ligand)(CD178 antigen)
    (CD95L protein)(Apoptosis antigen
    ligand)(APTL)[Contains: Tumor
    necrosis factor ligand superfamily
    member 6, membrane form
    713 LTDKEGWIL Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced Q13829
    protein 1, endothelial (B12 protein)
    714 VVTYKNENI Netrin receptor DCC precursor P43146
    (Tumor suppressor protein DCC)
    (Colorectal cancer suppressor)
    715 TVAEGLIED Adipocyte-derived leucine Q9NZ08
    aminopeptidase precursor (EC
    3.4.11.-)(A-LAP)(ARTS-1)
    (Aminopeptidase PILS)(Puromycin-
    leucyl-specific
    aminopeptidase)(PILS-AP)(Type 1
    tumor necrosis factor receptor
    shedding aminopeptidase
    716 NEKIKKDEL U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A P09012
    (U1 snRNP protein A)(U1A protein)
    (U1-A
    717 ILDESHERV U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like O95777
    protein LSm8
    718 NLYSDYILN Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (EC Q05086
    6.3.2.-)(E6AP ubiquitin-protein
    ligase)(Oncogenic protein-associated
    protein E6-AP)(Human
    papillomavirus E6-associated protein)
    719 RYVNGHAK Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal Q9Y6I4
    hydrolase 3 (EC 3.1.2.15)(Ubiquitin
    thioesterase 3)(Ubiquitin-specific-
    processing protease 3)
    (Deubiquitinating enzyme 3)
    720 KLLDLELAPS UBX domain-containing protein 2 Q92575
    721 YLYDLNHTL UNC93 homolog B1 (UNC-93B Q9H1C4
    protein)(hUNC93B1)
    722 FFFWLMEL Splice isoform 5 of Q9H171 Q9H171-5
    723 ELSSLKETHI CDNA FLJ46282 fis, clone Q6ZRK6
    TESTI4031066
    724 KLGSVPVTV CCDC73 protein Q6P5Q7
    725 ALWERIEGV Caspase recruitment domain- Q9BWT7
    containing protein 10 (CARD-
    containing MAGUK protein 3)
    (Carma 3)
    726 VKAQEILR Caspase recruitment domain- Q9BWT7
    protein 10 (CARD-
    containing MAGUK protein 3)
    (Carma 3)
    727 ANVDAIVVSV Chromatin-specific transcription Q9Y5B9
    elongation factor FACT 140 kDa
    subunit
    728 CKDGEDSIIR Beta-defensin 120 precursor Q8N689
    729 DNTKKSDKT Alpha-catulin (Catenin alpha-like Q9UBT7
    protein 1)(Alpha-catenin-related
    protein)
    730 EFLGDSIMQ Ribonuclease III (EC 3.1.26.3) Q9NRR4
    (RNase III)
    731 EFLQEGLEK Seizure related 6 homolog Q53EL9
    732 FLLKCLEQV Granulocyte colony-stimulating P09919
    factor precursor (G-CSF)
    (Pluripoietin)(Filgrastim)
    (Lenograstim)
    733 FLTDSNNIKEV Lysyl-tRNA synthetase Q9HB23
    734 GGVQELLNQQ Protein C6orf130 Q9Y530
    735 GKPRRKSNL Melanophilin (Exophilin-3) Q9BV36
    (Synaptotagmin-like protein 2a)(Slp
    homolog lacking C2 domains a)
    736 HIKEELMHG Novel protein (Possible ortholog of Q5VTR6
    mouse phosphoinositide-3-kinase
    adaptor protein 1 (Pik3ap1)
    737 HIPFFLHN AER61 glycosyltransferase Q6P985
    738 ILEKKVEKV Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha P07900
    (HSP 86)
    739 ILMEHIHKL 60S ribosomal protein L19 P84098
    740 KASQLGIFISKV PDZ domain-containing protein 11 Q5EBL8
    741 KILEVMHTK Dedicator of cytokinesis 11-; Q5JSL3
    Cdc42-associated guanine nucleotide
    exchange factor ACG/DOCK11
    742 LAVGTSPVLA Hypothetical protein FLJ26930 Q6ZNX6
    743 LLAEEARKL Laminin gamma-1 chain precursor P11047
    (Laminin B2 chain)
    744 LLGICFCIA ATP-binding cassette transporter sub- Q96J66
    family C member 11 (Multidrug
    resistance-associated protein 8)
    745 LMAEMGVHSV Uridine/cytidine kinase-like 1 Q9NWZ5
    746 ISRLENITV Butyrophilin-like protein 8 precursor Q6UX41
    747 MISLPGPLVTN Endothelial cell-selective adhesion Q96AP7
    molecule precursor
    748 MLLDVMHTV Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN O95453
    (EC 3.1.13.4)(Polyadenylate-
    specific ribonuclease)(Deadenylating
    nuclease)(Deadenylation nuclease)
    749 NVMNLIDFV Voltage-gated potassium channel Q96RP8
    KCNA7
    750 NVTMKDNKI F-box protein 11 Q52ZP1
    751 PRSNIDVNI rythrocyte membrane protein band Q7Z5S1
    4.1 like 5
    752 PSAQPLLSL CDNA FLJ45015 fis, clone Q6ZT30
    BRAWH3014639
    753 QLKESKLKI FAM13A1_v2 protein Q24JP0
    754 RDAPHLPDG Hypothetical protein FLJ26432 Q6ZP70
    755 RLPPEGILHNV VPS13D-1A protein Q709C5
    756 SEGAEYDDQT Coagulation factor VIII precursor P00451
    (Procoagulant component)
    (Antihemophilic factor)(AHF)
    757 SLFERLVKV NFX1-type zinc finger-containing Q9P2E3
    protein 1
    758 SLLDKIIGA Polymerase I and transcript release Q6NZI2
    factor (PTRF protein)
    759 SMMDVDHQI T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon P48643
    (TCP-1-epsilon)(CCT-epsilon)
    760 TLDEKIEKV Probable ATP-dependent RNA Q96GQ7
    helicase DDX27 (EC 3.6.1.-)(DEAD
    box protein 27)
    761 TLLEDGTFKV HSCARG Q9HBL8
    762 TVLKTKFSS CDNA FLJ43956 fis, clone Q6ZU72
    TESTI4015681
    763 VIFEDVGRQVL Mitochondrial-processing peptidase Q10713
    alpha subunit, mitochondrial
    precursor (EC 3.4.24.64)(Alpha-
    MPP)
    764 YILDINPLL CDNA FLJ45287 fis, clone Q6ZSR0
    BRHIP3002124
    765 YKTFSTSMMLL Hypothetical protein C12orf62 Q96I36
    766 RLPPEGILHNV VPS13D-2A protein Q709C4
    767 LLGPRVLSP CDNA FLJ32009 fis, clone Q96DN2
    NT2RP7009498, weakly similar to
    FIBULIN-1, ISOFORM A
    768 FIILLVTYI Transient receptor potential cation Q9HBA0
    channel subfamily V member 4
    (TrpV4)(osm-9-like TRP channel 4)
    (OTRPC4)(Vanilloid receptor-like
    channel 2)(Vanilloid receptor-like
    protein 2)(VRL-2)
    769 FYDIETLK Vascular endothelial growth factor D O43915
    precursor (VEGF-D)(c-fos-induced
    growth factor)(FIGF)
    770 WMAPESIFDKI Vascular endothelial growth factor P17948
    receptor 1 precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)
    (VEGFR-1)(Vascular permeability
    factor receptor)(Tyrosine-protein
    kinase receptor FLT)(Flt-1)
    (Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT)(Fms-
    like tyrosine kinase 1)
    771 LLDQQNPDE Proto-oncogene C-crk (P38)(Adapter P46108
    molecule crk)
    772 VMFKKIKSFEV VDUP1 protein (Thioredoxin Q9H3M7
    interacting protein)
    773 KLLEGEESRISL Vimentin P08670
    774 KLLEGEESRISL HUMAN CTCL tumor antigen HD- Q548L2
    CL-06 (Vimentin variant)
    775 RILGAVAKV Vinculin (Metavinculin) P18206
    776 SLSMVNHRL Integrin alpha-3 precursor P26006
    (Galactoprotein B3)(GAPB3)(VLA-
    alpha chain)(FRP-2)(CD49c
    antigen)[Contains: Integrin alpha-3
    heavy chain; Integrin alpha-3 light
    chain]
    777 VGQADGGLSVLR Voltage-dependent T-type calcium O95180
    channel alpha-1H subunit (Voltage-
    gated calcium channel alpha subunit
    Cav3.2)(Low-voltage-activated
    calcium channel alpha1 3.2 subunit)
    778 DVATILSRR Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Q8IV90
    family member 4 (WASP-family
    protein member 4)
    779 PKFEVIEKPQA ATP synthase coupling factor 6, P18859
    mitochondrial precursor (EC
    3.6.3.14)(ATPase subunit F6)
    780 NCTTIDDSLAI Proto-oncogene protein Wnt-3 P56703
    precursor
    781 ILPTVILAN myloid beta A4 precursor protein- Q99767
    binding family A member 2 (Neuron-
    specific X11L protein)(Neuronal
    Munc18-1-interacting protein 2)
    (Mint-2)(Adapter protein X11beta)
    782 EFLELSAAQE Zinc finger CCHC domain- Q8N8U3
    containing protein 5
    783 SLTDKVQEA Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage Q59FF2
    leukemia (Trithorax homolog,
    Drosophila) variant
    784 SKNSALEYQL Zinc finger protein DZIP1 (DAZ- Q86YF9
    interacting protein 1/2)
    785 LQDVEEVEI Hypothetical protein Q69YS5
    DKFZp761O1618
    786 FLDEPTNHL ATP-binding cassette sub-family F Q9UG63
    member 2 (Iron-inhibited ABC
    transporter 2)
    787 KMDDPDYWRTV Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 Q14137
    (Block of proliferation 1 protein)
    788 LANVQQVQI CDNA FLJ13765 fis, clone Q9H8C5
    PLACE4000128
    789 KLDPTKTTL NDRG1 protein (N-myc downstream Q92597
    regulated gene 1 protein)
    790 HLTYLNVYL Pre-mRNA splicing factor ATP- Q92620
    dependent RNA helicase PRP16
    791 ALWDKLFNL Nesprin 2 (Nuclear envelope spectrin Q9NU50
    repeat protein 2)
    1514 KIMDQVQQA Adenomatous polyposis coli P25054
    1515 RLQEDPPAGV Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 P49459
    1516 KLDVGNAEV B cell receptor-associated protein P5572
    BAP31 (CDM protein) 6c6-AG
    1517 FLYDDNQRV Topoisomerase II-alpha P11388
    1518 FLYDDNQRV Topoisomerase II beta Q02880
    1519 ALMEQQHYV Integrin beta8 subunit precursor P26012
    1520 YLMDTSGKV Replication Protein A P27694
    1521 ILDDIGHGV Abl Binding protein 3 U31089
    1522 LLDRFLATV Cyclin I Q14094
    1523 LLIDDKGTIKL Cell Division Control Protein 2 P06493
    (CDC2)
    1524 RLYPWGVVEV Septin 2 (NEDD5) Q15019
    1525 KLQELNYNL STAT1 alpha/beta P42224
    1526 ILIEHLYGL LDL Receptor-related protein (LRP)  Q07954
    1527 YLIELIDRV TACE (ADAM17) NP-068604
    1528 NLMEQPIKV Junction plakoglobin (gamma P14923
    catenin)
    1529 FLAEDALNTV EDDR1 Q08345
    1530 TLLNVIKSV IP3 receptor type II Q14571
    1531 MLKDIIKEY Melanoma-associated antigen D2 Q9UNF1
    (MAGE-D2 antigen)(MAGE-D)
    (Breast cancer-associated gene 1
    protein)(BCG-1)(11B6)
    (Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated
    protein JCL-1)
    1532 TSYVKVLEH Melanoma-associated antigen 4 P43358
    (MAGE-4 antigen)(MAGE-X2)
    (MAGE-41)
    1533 HEYLKAFKV HUMAN Retinoblastoma-like Q08999
    protein 2 (130 kDa retinoblastoma-
    associated protein)(PRB2)(P130)
    (RBR-2)
  • TABLE 3
    SEQ ID NO, Parent Protein Identification and SwissProt Identification
    Number for full-length sequences 792-1513
    Parent
    SwissProt
    SEQ Identification
    ID NO: Parent Sequence Identification No.
    792 BCL-6 corepressor long isoform_ Q6W2J9
    793 E1B_19K/Bcl-2-interacting protein Nip3 Q12983
    794 Similar to Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta P08238
    (HSP 84) (HSP 90)
    795 Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial P19099
    precursor
    796 2′-5′oligoadenylate synthetase 3 Q2HJ14
    797 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 (P26s4) P62191
    798 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory P51665
    subunit 7
    799 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory O00487
    subunit 14
    800 40S ribosomal protein S16 P62249
    801 40S ribosomal protein S6 P62753
    (Phosphoprotein NP33)
    802 40S ribosomal protein S9 P46781
    803 60S ribosomal protein L10a (CSA-19) P62906
    804 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-
    biphosphatase 4 (6PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ASE Q16877
    testis-type isozyme)
    805 Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity Q9UKF6
    factor, 73 kDa subunit (CPSF 73 kDa subunit)
    806 A kinase anchor protein 10, mitochondrial O43572
    precursor
    807 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (Beta-actin) P60709
    808 Activated T-cell marker CD109 Q6YHK3
    809 Activin receptor type 2A precursor P27037
    (EC 2.7.11.30)
    810 ADAM19 protein Q8TBU7
    811 AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 Q10567
    (Adapter-related protein complex 1
    beta-1 subunit) (Beta-adaptin 1)
    812 Adaptor-related protein NF01019537 Q9BYI8
    813 Lung alpha/beta hydrolase protein 1 Q96SE0
    814 Alpha-actinin-3 Q08043
    815 Ankyrin-2 (Brain ankyrin) (Ankyrin-B) Q01484
    816 Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 17 Q8WXJ9
    817 Anti-colorectal carcinoma heavy chain Q65ZQ1
    818 APOBEC1 complementation factor Q9NQ94
    (APOBEC1-stimulating protein)
    819 Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme Q96AK3
    APOBEC-3D (EC 3.5.4.—)
    820 Apolipoprotein-L4 precursor Q9BPW4
    (Apolipoprotein L-IV)
    821 Apoptosis stimulating of p53 protein 1 Q96KQ4
    822 Nucleoporin 188 kDa (arachin) Q5SRE5
    823 Protein ariadne-1 homolog (ARI-1) Q9Y4X5
    (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-
    binding protein 1)
    824 Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase Q9UBL3
    complex subunit ASH2
    (ASH2-like protein)
    825 ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 Q85KZ3
    826 Splice isoform 2 of Q9H7F0 ATPase_ Q9H7F0
    family_homolog_up-regulated_in_
    senescence_cells_
    827 Probable phospholipid-transporting Q9Y2Q0
    ATPase IA (EC 3.6.3.1)
    (Chromaffin granule ATPase II)
    828 ATP-binding cassette A10 Q8WWZ4
    829 ATP-binding cassette sub-family A Q9BZC7
    member 2 (ATP-binding cassette
    transporter 2) (ATP-binding cassette 2)
    830 Autoantigen RCD8 Q6P2E9
    831 xonemal dynein heavy chain 8 Q96JB1
    832 Butyrophilin-like protein 8 precursor Q6UX41
    833 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 20 Q9Y2K6
    (EC 3.1.2.15)
    834 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 protein Q8IWZ6
    (BBS2-like protein 1)
    835 Large proline-rich protein BAT2 P48634
    (HLA-B-associated transcript 2)
    836 Bcl-2 related ovarian killer Q9UL32
    837 Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige- P50851
    like anchor protein (CDC4-like protein)
    838 Splice isoform 3 of P35612 P35612-3
    839 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N- Q9Y2A9
    acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3
    (EC 2.4.1.—)
    840 Cell growth inhibiting protein 39 Q2TTR2
    841 BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) P55957
    842 CD48 antigen precursor (B-lymphocyte P09326
    activation marker BLAST-1)
    843 Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 Q13873
    precursor (EC 2.7.11.30)
    844 Bullous pemphigoid antigen 1, isoform 7 Q8WXK8
    845 BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 variant Q53F80
    846 Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein P51587
    (Fanconi anemia group D1 protein)
    847 Protein BRE (Brain and reproductive Q9NXR7
    organ-expressed protein) (BRCA1/
    BRCA2-containing complex subunit 45)
    848 Breast cancer 1 early onset Q3LRJ0
    849 Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility Q7KYU6
    protein
    850 BTG2 protein (NGF-inducible anti- P78543
    proliferative protein PC3)
    851 Nuclear protein 5qNCA Q7LBC6
    852 CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent P27708
    carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (EC 6.3.5.5);
    Aspartate carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2);
    Dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3)]
    853 Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type Q9NYQ7
    receptor 3 precursor (Flamingo homolog 1)
    (hFmi1) (Multiple epidermal growth factor-
    like domains 2) (Epidermal growth
    factor-like 1)
    854 Cadherin FIB3 Q6UW70
    855 Integrin alpha-3 precursor (Galactoprotein B3) P26006
    856 Calcineurin B homologous protein 2 O43745
    (Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated
    antigen 520)
    857 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein Q7Z7J9
    kinase II inhibitor alpha (CaMKIINalpha)
    858 Calpain-11 (EC 3.4.22.—) Q9UMQ6
    859 Alpha-1 catenin (Cadherin-associated protein) P35221
    (Alpha E-catenin)
    860 Neural cell adhesion molecule variant Q59FY0
    861 Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 O76021
    (Cellular senescence-inhibited gene protein)
    862 CENP-F kinetochore protein P49454
    (Centromere protein F) (Mitosin)
    863 Centaurin-delta 1 (Cnt-d1) (Arf-GAP, Q8WZ64
    Rho-GAP, ankyrin repeat and pleckstrin
    homology domain-containing protein 2)
    864 Centrosomal protein 2 (Centrosomal Nek2- Q9BV73
    associated protein 1) (C-NAP1)
    865 Pericentriol material 1 Q15154
    866 Cervical cancer suppressor gene 5 Q8NFX8
    867 T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta-2 Q92526
    868 Chemokine-like factor (C32) Q9UBR5
    869 Vacuolar protein sorting 13A Q96RL7
    870 Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding O14647
    protein 2 (EC 3.6.1.—)
    871 FERM domain-containing protein 6 Q96NE9
    872 Putative protein C21orf56 Q9H0A9
    873 Adiponutrin (iPLA2-epsilon) Q9NST1
    884 Coatomer subunit gamma-2 Q9UBF2
    875 Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 2 Q9UI40
    precursor
    876 Exportin-1 (Chromosome region O14980
    maintenance 1 protein homolog)
    877 CUB and sushi domain-containing Q7Z407
    protein 3 precursor
    878 Cullin-7 (CUL-7) Q14999
    879 Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription P18848
    factor ATF-4
    880 S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A P63208
    (Cyclin A/CDK2-associated protein p19)
    881 Cyclin-A1 P78396
    882 Cyclin M3, isoform 1 Q8NE01
    883 Cystathionine beta-synthase human homolog Q58H57
    of Cynomolgus monkey gene product
    884 Cytochrome P450 2E1 (EC 1.14.14.1) P05181
    885 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 P05787
    886 CPEB2 protein Q3B8N6
    887 Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase P17844
    DDX5 (EC 3.6.1.—)
    888 Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1 Q14185
    889 Development and differentiation- O43150
    enhancing factor 2
    890 Probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal O00507
    hydrolase FAF-Y (EC 3.1.2.15)
    891 G2 and S phase expressed protein 1 Q9NYZ3
    892 HUMAN CDNA FLJ30829 fis, clone Q96NI3
    FEBRA2001790, highly similar to Xenopus
    laevis RRM-containing protein SEB-4 mRNA Q96B95
    893 KIAA1799 protein
    894 Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor Q9BYK8
    A-interacting complex 285 kDa protein
    (EC 3.6.1.—) (ATP-dependent helicase
    PRIC285)
    895 HUMAN KIAA1922 Q96PW6
    896 Transcription elongation factor SPT5 O00267
    (DLC-1) (deleted in liver cancer-1)
    897 DNA damage-binding protein 1 Q16531
    (Damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1)
    898 DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6 Q03468
    899 DNA polymerase alpha subunit B Q14181
    (DNA polymerase alpha 70 kDa subunit)
    900 DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 P49736
    (Minichromosome maintenance protein 2
    homolog)
    901 DNA2-like homolog (EC 3.6.1.—) P51530
    (DNA replication ATP-dependent
    helicase-like homolog)
    902 Estrogen response element binding protein O77798
    (cotton-top Tarmarin), DNA2-like
    homolog (human)
    903 DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 P35638
    (DDIT-3) (Growth arrest and DNA-
    damage-inducible protein GADD153)
    904 DNA-directed RNA polymerase I largest 095602
    subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)
    905 DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 1 Q96KC8
    906 Splice isoform 2 of P35462 P35462-2
    907 RuvB-like 2 (EC 3.6.1.—) (48-kDa Q9Y230
    TATA box-binding protein-
    interacting protein)
    908 DRE1_protein Q9NXT9
    909 Dynactin-1 (150 kDa dynein-associated Q14203
    polypeptide)
    910 Dynein heavy chain, cytosolic (DYHC) Q14204
    911 Echinoderm microtubule associated Q6UYC9
    protein-like 5
    912 ECT2 protein (Epithelial cell- Q9H8V3
    transforming sequence 2 oncogene)
    913 Endothelial differentiation-related O60869
    factor 1 (EDF-1)
    914 Developmentally-regulated endothelial O43854
    cell locus 1 protein)
    915 Elongation factor 2 (EF-2) P13639
    916 J domain protein C21orf55 Q9NX36
    917 EMILIN-3 precursor (EMILIN-5) Q9NT22
    (Elastin microfibril interface-located
    protein 5)
    918 Synaptotagmin-like protein 4 (Exophilin-2) Q96C24
    919 Enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1) Q14511
    920 Band 4.1-like protein 3 (4.1B) (Differentially Q9Y2J2
    expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung
    protein 1) (DAL-1)
    921 Epidermal growth factor receptor P42566
    substrate 15
    922 Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP-3) P54852
    (YMP protein)
    923 Zyxin (Zyxin-2) Q15942
    924 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 Q04637
    gamma 1
    925 F-actin capping protein beta subunit P47756
    926 Protocadherin Fat 2 precursor (hFat2) Q9NYQ8
    (Multiple epidermal growth factor-like
    domains 1)
    927 KIAA1752 protein Q9C0B1
    928 Fc alpha/mu receptor Q8WWV6
    929 Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma P08637
    Fc region receptor III-A precursor
    (IgG Fc receptor III-2)
    930 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain- Q7Z6J4
    containing protein 2 (Zinc finger FYVE
    domain-containing protein 4)
    931 Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 Q8N441
    precursor (FGF receptor-like protein 1)
    932 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 P22455
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1)
    933 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 P21802
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1) (FGFR-2)
    934 FK506-binding protein 7 precursor Q9Y680
    (EC 5.2.1.8)
    935 Glomulin (FKBP-associated protein) Q92990
    (FK506-binding protein-associated protein)
    936 FKSG73 Q9BWW1
    937 Flavin containing monooxygenase Q53FW5
    3 isoform 2 variant
    938 Protein flightless-1 homolog Q13045
    939 Guanylate-binding protein 4 Q96PP9
    940 Filamin-A (Alpha-filamin) (Filamin-1) P21333
    (Endothelial actin-binding protein)
    941 FLJ10101 protein Q8WU94
    942 CDNA FLJ14503 fis, clone Q96T17
    NT2RM1000252, weakly similar to
    H. sapiens E-MAP-115 mRNA
    943 E2F8 protein Q5BKY4
    944 Human Hypothetical protein Q2VPJ3
    945 HUMAN CDNA FLJ34154 fis, Q8NB70
    clone FCBBF3013058
    946 Hypothetical protein FLJ43654 Q6ZUJ4
    (Hypothetical protein C3orf62)
    947 HUMAN CDNA FLJ46180 fis, Q6ZRQ5
    clone TESTI4004031
    948 Flotillin-2 (Epidermal surface antigen) Q14254
    (ESA)
    949 Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR Q13535
    (EC 2.7.11.1) (Ataxia telangiectasia and
    Rad3-related protein) (FRAP-related protein 1)
    950 Frizzled 5 precursor (Frizzled-5) Q13467
    951 Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C P09972
    (EC 4.1.2.13)
    952 G protein pathway suppressor 1 isoform Q53HS2
    1 variant
    953 KiSS-1 receptor (KiSS-1R) (Kisspeptins Q969F8
    receptor) (Metastin receptor) (G-protein
    coupled receptor 54)
    954 Probable G-protein coupled receptor 55 Q9Y2T6
    955 Probable G-protein coupled receptor 35 Q9HC97
    956 G-protein coupled receptor family C Q9NQ84
    group 5 member C precursor (Retinoic
    acid-induced gene 3 protein)
    957 Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein O75473
    coupled receptor 5 precursor (Orphan
    G-protein coupled receptor HG38)
    (G-protein coupled receptor 49)
    (G-protein coupled receptor 67)
    958 Probable G-protein coupled receptor 133 Q6QNK2
    precursor (G-protein coupled receptor PGR25)
    959 G1 to S phase transition protein 1 homolog P15170
    (GTP-binding protein GST1-HS)
    960 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor alpha-6 Q16445
    subunit precursor (GABA(A) receptor)
    961 Ganglioside-induced differentiation- Q96MZ0
    associated protein 1-like 1 (GDAP1-L1)
    962 Gap junction alpha-5 protein P36382
    (Connexin-40) (Cx40)
    963 GEM-interacting protein (GMIP) Q9P107
    964 Golgin subfamily B member 1 (Giantin) Q14789
    965 UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase Q16222
    (Antigen X)
    966 Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB precursor Q14697
    (EC 3.2.1.84)
    967 Probable dolichyl pyrophosphate Q9BVK2
    Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-
    glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.—)
    968 Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase P07814
    [Includes: Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase
    (EC 6.1.1.17) (Glutamate--tRNA ligase);
    Prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.15)
    (Proline--tRNA ligase)]
    969 Glycoprotein nmb-like protein Q8IXJ5
    970 Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor P49683
    (PrRP receptor) (PrRPR) (G-protein
    coupled receptor 10)
    971 G protein-coupled receptor 112 Q5EGP2
    972 Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 Q14449
    (GRB14 adapter protein)
    973 GRIP and coiled-coil domain-containing Q8IWJ2
    protein 2 (Golgi coiled coil protein GCC185)
    (CTCL tumor antigen se1-1)
    974 GROS1-L protein Q9HC86
    975 Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 Q92847
    (GHS-R)
    976 Glutathione S-transferase A4-4 (EC 2.5.1.18) O15217
    977 GTP-binding protein Rhes (Ras homolog Q96D21
    enriched in striatum) (Tumor endothelial
    marker 2)
    978 GTP-binding protein Rit1 (Ras-like protein Q92963
    expressed in many tissues)
    979 VGFG2573 Q6UY45
    980 Hypothetical protein HDLBP Q53QU2
    981 Heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial
    precursor (HSP75) (Tumor necrosis factor Q12931
    type 1 receptor-associated protein)
    982 Heat shock protein apg-1 Q53ZP9
    983 Tumor rejection antigen (Gp96) 1 Q5CAQ5
    984 Heat-shock protein beta-3 (HspB3) Q12988
    (Heat shock 17 kDa protein)
    985 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related O75197
    protein 5 precursor
    986 Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 Q9NZ71
    (EC 3.6.1.—) (Helicase-like protein NHL)
    987 Hematopoietic protein 1 Q52LW0
    988 Heme oxygenase 1 (EC 1.14.99.3) (HO-1) P09601
    989 Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O- Q8IZT8
    sulotransferase 5 (EC 2.8.2.23)
    990 Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 66 Q9NYH9
    991 Melanoma-associated antigen E2 Q8TD90
    (MAGE-E2 antigen) (Hepatocellular
    carcinoma-associated protein 3)
    992 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory O75832
    subunit 10 (26S proteasome regulatory
    subunit p28) Hepatocellular carcinoma-
    associated protein p28-II
    993 Hephaestin Q5JUU1
    994 HECT domain and RCC1-like domain- O95714
    containing protein 2 (HERC2)
    995 Heteregeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins P22626
    A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/hnRNP B1)
    996 Heteregeneous nuclear ribonuleoprotein R O43390
    (hnRNP R)
    997 HEXIM1 protein (HMBA-inducible) O94992
    998 Histatin-1 precursor (Histidine-rich protein 1) P15515
    999 Histone deacetylase 1 (HD1) Q13547
    1000 Histone deacetlase 9 (HD9) (HD7B) (HD7) Q9UKV0
    1001 Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 Q9H2X6
    (EC 2.7.11.1)
    1002 Cullin-2 (CUL-2) Q13617
    1003 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin- O60264
    dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A
    member 5 (EC 3.6.1.—)
    1004 HUMAN HPSC027 26S proteasome non-ATPase Q9Y6E3
    regulatory subunit 13 Synonyms 26S proteasome
    regulatory subunit S11 26s proteasome regulatory
    subunit p40.5
    1005 Hypothetical protein (Novel protein HSPC117) Q9Y3I0
    (DJ149A16.6 protein) (Hypothetical protein
    HSPC117)
    1006 Claudin domain-containing protein 1 Q9NY35
    (Membrane protein GENX-3745) Q9NY35
    1007 Large neutral amino acids transporter small Q9UHI5
    subunit 2 (L-type amino acid transporter 2)
    (hLAT2)
    1008 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C-like 1 O60812
    (hnRNP core protein C-like 1)
    1009 Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) (ODC) P11926
    1010 Regulator of nonsense transcripts 2 Q9HAU5
    (Nonsense mRNA reducing factor 2)
    (Up-frameshift suppressor 2 homolog) (hUpf2)
    1011 ATX10_HUMAN Ataxin-10 Q9UBB4
    1012 KIAA1833 protein Q569G6
    1013 HUMAN UDP-GalNAc:betaGlcNAc beta 1,3- Q8NCR0
    galactosaminyltransferase, polypeptide 2
    (Beta 1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-II)
    (MGC39558)
    1014 Hypothetical protein KIAA1033 Q2M389
    1015 Activating signal cointegrator 1 complex Q8N3C0
    subunit 3 (EC 3.6.1.—)
    1016 Delta-interacting protein A (Hepatitis delta Q15834
    antigen-interacting protein A) Coiled-coil
    domain-containing protein 85B)
    1017 Hypothetical protein HLJ14466 Q96BP7
    1018 Interferon-inducible double stranded RNA- O75569
    dependent protein kinase activator A
    1019 Hypothetical protein C9orf142 Q9BUH6
    1020 Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 17 Q96AE7
    1021 CDNA FLJ14058 fis, clone HEMBB1000554 Q9H7Z0
    1022 Anaphase promoting complex subunit 13 Q9BS18
    1023 Hypothetical protein CCDC60 Q8IWA6
    1024 Sphingosine kinase 2 (EC 2.7.1.—) Q9NRA0
    1025 Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX11 Q96FC9
    (EC 3.6.1.—) (DEAD/H box protein 11) (CHL1
    homolog) (Keratinocyte growth factor-regulated
    gene 2 protein) (KRG-2)
    1026 Protein KIAA0182 Q14687
    1027 Ras GTPase-activitating protein SynGAP Q96PV0
    (Synaptic Ras-GTPase-activating protein 1)
    (Synaptic Ras-GAP 1) (Neuronal RasGAP)
    1028 Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 Q8N539
    1029 MGC39581 protein Q86XM0
    1030 Bcl-2-like 13 protein (Mil1 protein) (Bcl-rambo) Q9BXK5
    1031 Myosin head domain containing 1 Q96H55
    1032 WD-repeat protein 51A Q8NBT0
    1033 KIF27A (OTTHUMP00000021559) Q86VH2
    1034 Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase F, Q2T9J4
    isoform 1
    1035 Myopalladin Q96KF5
    1036 Rho GTPase activitating protein 12 Q5T2Y2
    1037 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686D0630 Q7Z3C5
    1038 Jumonji domain-containing protein 1C Q15652
    (Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 8)
    (TRIP-8)
    1039 Coatomer subunit beta (Beta-coat protein) P53618
    (Beta-COP)
    1040 FLJ10462 fis, clone NT2RP1001494, weakly Q9NVW8
    similar to MALE STERILITY PROTEIN 2
    1041 Cell-cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein 1 Q6X935
    1042 Telomere-associated protein RIF1 Q5UIP0
    (Rap1-interacting factor 1 homolog)
    1043 F-box only protein 28 Q9NVF7
    1044 CDNA FLJ10901 fis, clone NT2RP5003524 Q9NV65
    1045 Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.16) Q86V21
    1046 Putative cell cycle control protein Q9NXZ0
    (DEP domain containing 1)
    1047 Synaptopodin 2-like Q68A20
    1048 CDNA FLJ36560 fis, clone TRACH2009340 Q8N9T8
    1049 CDNA FLJ13330 fis, clone OVAR1001802 Q9H8Q0
    1050 ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX31 Q9H8H2
    (EC 3.6.1.—) DEAD box protein) (Helicain)
    1051 Protein C14orf161 Q9Y4P1
    1052 Cysteine protease ATG4B (EC 3.4.22.—)
    (Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B)
    1053 CDNA FLJ14526 fis, clone NT2RM1001139 Q96T08
    1054 Hypothetical protein CCDC77 (CDNA Q9BR77
    FLJ14732 fis, clone NT2RP3001969, weakly
    similar to TRICHOHYALIN)
    1055 CDNA FLJ14790 fis, clone NT2RP4000973, Q96K38
    weakly similar to PROBABLE PROTEIN
    DISULFIDE ISOMERASE P5 (EC 5.3.4.1)
    1056 Keratin 24 Q2M2I5
    1057 BCor protein (BCL-6 corepressor) Q6W2J9
    1058 Hypothetical protein FLJ20582 Q6IQ21
    1059 Hypothetical protein FLJ22688 Q9BT04
    1060 Hypothetical protein FLJ22944 Q9H5W3
    1061 Zinc finger protein, subfamily 1A, 5- Q8TBE5
    1062 Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 2 Q8IW35
    1063 Hypothetical protein FLJ23749 Q8TEA0
    1064 Hypothetical protein FLJ25336 http://www.ex
    pasy.org/sprot/
    userman.html
    -
    -
    AC_lineQ96L
    P1
    1065 Hypothetical protein FLJ25660 Q8N7G6
    1066 CDNA FLJ30058 fis, clone ADRGL2000074, Q96NU6
    weakly to RHO-GTPASE-ACTIVATING
    PROTEIN 6
    1067 CDNA FLJ30106 fis, clone BNGH41000190, Q96A82
    weakly similar to Rattus norvegicus schlafen-4
    (SLFN-4) mRNA.
    1068 Whirlin Q9P202
    1069 CDNA FLJ31846 fis, clone NT2RP7000425, Q96MV0
    weakly similar to MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN,
    NONMUSCLE TYPE B
    1070 FLJ32833 fis, clone TESTI2003228 Q96M43
    1071 Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf), P38405
    alpha subunit (Adenylate cyclase-stimulating G
    alpha protein, olfactory type)
    1072 CDNA FLJ33811 fis, clone CTONG2002095 Q8N279
    1073 Transmembrane protein 16C Q9BYT9
    1074 Zinc finger protein 31 (Zinc finger protein P17040
    KOX29) (Zinc finger and SCAN domain-
    containing protein 20) (Zinc finger protein 360)
    1075 Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 Q9BZW4
    1076 CDNA FLJ90251 fis, clone NT2RM4000115 Q8NCH3
    1077 CDNA FLJ90760 fis, clone THYRO1000061 Q8N2I4
    1078 Tubulin--tyrosine ligase-like protein 12 Q14166
    1079 KIAA0303 protein O15021
    1080 Plexin-B2 precursor (MM1) O15031
    1081 Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 5 O15062
    1082 Centrosome-associated protein 350 Q8WY20
    1083 piccolo (Aczonin) Q9Y6V0
    1084 KIAA0560 protein O60306
    1085 KIAA0676 protein Q96H49
    1086 Human homolog of Mus SLIT and NTRK-like Q810B7
    protein 5 precursor
    1087 Nischarin Q6PIB4
    1088 FERM domain-containing protein 4A Q9P2Q2
    1089 Leucine-rich repeats neuronal protein 1 Q6UXK5
    precursor (Neuronal leucine-rich repeat
    protein 1) (NLRR-1)
    1090 KIAA1512 protein Q9P216
    1091 KIAA1598 protein Q9HCH4
    1092 Phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate 3-phosphatase Q96QU2
    adaptor subunit
    1093 KIAA1730 protein Q9C0D3
    1094 KIAA1786 protein Q96JN9
    1095 Hypothetical protein MGC20470 Q96EK3
    1096 OACT1 protein Q86XC2
    1097 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6- Q16877
    biphosphatase 4 (6PF-2-K/Fru-2,6-P2ASE
    testis-type isozyme)
    1098 IkappaB kinase complex-associated protein O95163
    (IKK complex-associated protein) (p150)
    1099 Immune receptor expressed on myeloid Q7Z7I3
    cells 2
    1100 High-affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX- O60658
    insensitive 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase
    8A (EC 3.1.4.17)
    1101 Bone specific CMF608 Q6WRI0
    1102 Importin alpha-7 subunit (Karyopherin alpha-6) O60684
    1103 InaD-like protein (Inadl protein) (hINADL) Q8NI35
    (Pals1-associated tight junction protein)
    (Protein associated to tight junctions)
    1104 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible (EC 1.14.13.39) P35228
    1105 Transcription elongation factor SPT5 (hSPT5) O00267
    1106 Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (EC 2.7.1.127) P27987
    (Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 3-kinase B)
    1107 Type I inositol-3,4-biphosphate 4-phosphatase Q96PE3
    (EC 3.1.3.66) (Inositol polyphosphate 4-
    phosphatase type I)
    1108 Insulin receptor beta subunit Q9UCB7
    1109 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein, Q8TAY0
    acid labile subunit
    1110 Integrin beta-4 precursor (GP150) P16144
    (CD104 antigen)
    1111 Splice isoform 2 of P35462 P35462-2
    1112 Interferon alpha 2 protein Q16055
    1113 Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide P09914
    repeats 1 (IFIT-1) ) (Interferon-induced
    56 kDa protein) (IFI-56K)
    1114 Interleukin-20 precursor (IL-20) (Four alpha Q9NYY1
    helix cytokine Zcyto10)
    1115 Steroid receptor RNA activator isoform 1 Q9HD15
    1116 Intersectin-2 (SH3 domain-containing protein
    1B) (SH3P18) (SH3P18-like WASP-associated Q9NZM3
    protein)
    11117 ITI-like protein (Inter-alpha (Globulin) inhibitor Q6UXX5
    H5-like)
    1118 Gap junction alpha-5 protein (Connexin-40) P36382
    1119 Kelch-like prolein 8 Q9P2G9
    1120 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 (Cylokeralin-1) P04264
    1121 ADAM 9 precursor (EC 3.4.24.—) Q13443
    (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 9)
    (Metal loprotcase/disintegrin/cysteine-rich
    protein 9) (Myeloma cell metalloproleinase)
    1122 Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein (Neighbor of Q14596
    BRCA1 gene1 protein) (Membrane component,
    chromosome 17, surface marker 2) (1A1-3B)
    1123 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686K2075 Q6MZZ8
    1124 KIAA0100 protein Q14667
    1125 Pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA Q92620
    helicase PRP16 (EC 3.6.1.—) (ATP-dependent
    RNA helicase DHX38) (DEAH box prolein 38)
    1126 KIAA0251 protein Q8TBS5
    1127 HUMAN KIAA0342 protein O15050
    1128 KIAA0357 protein O15064
    1129 Hypothetical protein KIAA0372 Q6PGP7
    1130 KIAA0377 splice variant 2 Q86TE7
    1131 KIAA0386 protein Q9Y4F9
    1132 HUMAN CTCL tumor antigen HD-CL-04 Q548S1
    1133 Importin-13 (Imp13) (Ran-binding protein 13) O94829
    1134 KIAA0769 prolein O94868
    1135 Hypothetical protein KIAA0863 Q6IQ32
    1136 Zinc finger protein KIAA1196- Q96KM6
    1137 CRSP complex subunit 3 (Cofactor required for Q9ULK4
    Sp1 transcriptional activation subunit 3)
    (Transcriptional coactivator CRSP130)
    (Vitamin D3 receptor-interacting protein
    complex 130 kDa component
    1138 [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]]- Q9P2J9
    phosphatase 2, mitochondrial precursor
    (EC 3.1.3.43)
    1139 Protocadherin-10 precursor Q9P2E7
    1140 Leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology Q5VUJ6
    (CH) domain containing 2
    1141 Ankyrin repeat domain 18B Q5W0G2
    1142 Kin17 protein (HsKin17 protein) (KIN, antigenic O60870
    determinant of recA protein homolog)
    1143 Kinesin-like protein KIF13A Q9H1H9
    (Kinesin-like protein RBKIN)
    1144 Putative RNA binding protein KOC O00425
    1145 Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (Cytokeratin-18) P05783
    1146 Kv3.2d voltage-gated potassium channel Q86W09
    1147 Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein Q9Y468
    (L(3)mbt-like) (L(3)mbt protein homolog)
    1148 Lactadherin precursor (Milk fat globule-EGF Q08431
    factor 8) (MFG-E8) (HMFG) (Breast
    epithelial antigen BA46) (MFGM)
    1149 Lamin-A/C (70 kDa lamin) P02545
    1150 Laminin gamma-1 chain precursor P11047
    (Laminin B2 chain)
    1151 Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related O75197
    protein 5 precursor
    1152 Leptin receptor precursor (LEP-R) P48357
    (OB receptor)
    1153 Mitogen-aclivated protein kinase kinase O43283
    kinase 13 (EC 2.7.11.25)
    1154 Leukemia virus receptor 2 Q08357
    1155 Leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC Q8NFU7
    domain RNA-binding protein 6 (RNA-binding
    motif protein 6)
    1156 (RNA-binding protein DEF-3) (Lung cancer P78332
    antigen NY-LU-12)
    1157 Lung cancer oncogene 5 Q7Z5Q7
    1158 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclcoprotein M P52272
    (hnRNP M)
    1159 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) P14174
    (Phenylpyruvate lautomerase) (EC 5.3.2.1)
    1160 Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein Q9UI95
    MAD2B (MAD2-like 2) (hREV7)
    1161 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 Q9Y6R4
    (EC 2.7.11.25) (MAPK/LRK kinase kinase 4)
    1162 Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting-like Q9Y6J8
    protein 1 (Dual-specificity protein
    phosphatase 24) (Map kinase phosphatase-like
    protein MK-STYX)
    1163 Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein Q6P0Q8
    kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    1164 Matrix metalloprotease MMP-27 Q9H306
    1165 MCM10 protein Q7L590
    1166 Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing Q9BYX4
    protein 1 (EC 3.6.1.—) (Melanoma
    differentiation-associated protein 5)
    1167 Melanoma ubiquitous mutated protein Q2TAK8
    1168 Melanoma antigen family D, 2 Q5BJF3
    1169 Melanocyte protein Pmel 17 precursor P40967
    (Melanocyte lineage-specific antigen GP100)
    1170 GPI-anchored protein p137 (p137GPI) Q14444
    (Membrane component chromosome 11
    surface marker 1) Cytoplasmic activation/
    proliferation-associated protein 1
    1171 Hepatocyte growth factor receptor P08581
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1) (HGF receptor)
    (Scatter factor receptor) (SF receptor)
    (HGF/SF receptor) (Met proto-oncogene
    tyrosine kinase)
    1172 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Q16539
    (EC 2.7.11.24)
    1173 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase Q12851
    kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1) (MAPK/ERK kinase
    kinase kinase 2)
    1174 Mitotic kinesin-relaled protein Q96Q89
    1175 Sperm-associated antigen 5 (Astrin) (Mitotic Q96R06
    spindle-associated protein p126)
    1176 Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia Q9UMN6
    protein 4 (Trithorax homolog 2)
    1177 Putative helicase MOV-10 (EC 3.6.1.—) Q9HCE1
    (Moloney leukemia virus 10 protein)
    1178 MOZ/CBP protein Q712H6
    1179 Calgranulin B (Migration inhibitory factor- P6702
    related protein 14) (MRP-14) (P14)
    1180 MUC2_HUMAN Mucin-2 precursor Q02817
    (Intestinal mucin 2)
    1181 Mucin-5B precursor (Mucin 5 subtype B, Q9HC84
    tracheobronchial)
    1182 Multiple PDZ domain protein O75970
    (Multi PDZ domain protein 1)
    (Multi-PDZ-domain protein 1)
    1183 RUFY2 (Run and FYVE domain-containing Q8IW33
    protein Rabip4
    1184 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 7 Q8NHX7
    1185 Multiple copies in a T-cell malignancies Q9ULC4
    (Malignant T cell amplified sequence 1)
    (MCT1)
    1186 DNA mismatch repair protein Msh3 P20585
    1187 Protein CBFA2T2 (MTG8-like protein) O43439
    (MTG8-relaled protein 1)
    (Myeloid translocation-relaled protein 1)
    1188 Myomesin-1 (190 kDa titin-associated protein) P52179
    (190 kDa) connectin-associated protein
    1189 Myosin heavy chain, cardiac muscle beta P12883
    isoform (MyHC-beta)
    1190 Myosin-13 (Myosin heavy chain, skeletal muscle, Q9UKX3
    extraocular) (MyHC-eo)
    1191 Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (N33 protein) Q13454
    1192 Nebulin-related anchoring protein Q8TCH0
    1193 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1, 1 PI3592
    1194 Neurotrimin precursor Q9P121
    1195 Ninein Q8N4C6
    1196 Notch homolog 2 Q5VTD0
    1197 Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 P46531
    precursor (Notch 1) (hN1) (Translocation-
    associated notch protein TAN-1) [Contains:
    Notch 1 extracellular truncation; Notch 1
    intracellular domain]
    1198 Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 Q9UM47
    precursor (Notch 3) [Contains: Notch 3
    extracellular truncation; Notch 3 intracellular
    domain ]
    1199 Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 Q99466
    precursor (Notch 4) (hNotch4) [Contains:
    Notch 4 extracellular truncation; Notch 4
    intracellular domain]-
    1200 Plexin-A1 precursor (Semaphorin receptor NOV) Q9UIW2
    1201 HUMAN NPD011 Q9H2R7
    1202 Nuclear autoantigen Sp-100 (Speckled 100 kDa) P23497
    (Nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein)
    1203 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NF- Q14494
    E2-related factor 1) (NFE-2-related factor 1)
    (Nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 1)
    (Transcription factor 11) (Transcription factor
    HBZ17) (Transcription factor LCR-F1) (Locus
    control region-factor 1)
    1204 Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 O95644
    (NFAT transcription complex cytosolic
    component) (NF-ATc1)
    1205 Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCoA-2) Q15596
    (Transcriptional intermediary factor 2)
    1206 Ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain- Q96T88
    containing protein 1 (EC 6.3.2.—)
    1207 Nucleic acid helicase DDXx Q8IWW2
    1208 Nucleoporin 62 kDa (NUP62 protein) Q6GTM2
    1209 Nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 P52948
    precursor [Contains: Nuclear pore complex
    protein Nup98 (Nucleoporin Nup98)
    (98 kDa nucleoporin);
    1210 Nucleoprotein TPR P12270
    1211 Nuclear pore complex protein Nup107 P57740
    1212 Nuclear pore complex protein Nup205 Q92621
    1213 ODF2 protein QAPJQ8
    1214 Trophoblast glycoprotein precursor Q13641
    (5T4 oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein)
    1215 Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial O60313
    precursor (Optic atrophy 1 gene protein)
    1216 Orexin receptor type 2 (Ox2r) (Hypocretin O43614
    receptor type 2)
    1217 Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing P49755
    protein 10 precursor (Transmembrane protein
    Tmp21)
    1218 Orphan nuclear receptor TR2 (Testicular P13056
    receptor 2)
    1219 MKL/myocardin-like protein 1 (Myocardin- Q969V6
    related transcription factor A) (MRTF-A)
    (Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 protein)
    (Megacaryocytic acute leukemia protein)
    1220 Ovarian cancer related tumor marker CA125- Q8WXI7
    1221 Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 Q9BZF1
    (OSBP-related protein 8)
    1222 Centrosomal protein of 70 kDa (Cep70 protein) Q8NHQ1
    (p10-binding protein)
    1223 Leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 2 O60294
    (EC 2.1.1.—) (p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter-
    interacting protein)
    1224 F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 (F-box and Q9UKAJ
    leucine-rich repeat protein 5) (F-box protein
    FBL4/FBL5)
    1225 Inhibitor of growth protein 3 Q9NXR8
    1226 P53 inducible protein Q9UN29
    1227 DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit P09884
    (EC 2.7.7.7)
    1228 Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 Q9Y696
    (Intracellular chloride ion channel protein p64H1
    1229 Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2B (Paired- Q99453
    like homeobox 2B) (PXOX2B homeodomain
    protein) (Neuroblastoma Phox)
    1230 PRB3 protein P81489
    1231 Protein patched homolog 1 (PTC1) (PTC) Q13635
    1232 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Q9Y4G8
    (Neural RAP guanine nucleotide exchange
    protein) (nRap GEP) (PDZ domain-containing
    guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1)
    (PDZ-GEF1)
    1233 Pecanex-likc protein 1 (Pecanex homolog)- Q96RV3
    1234 GC-1-related estrogen receptor alpha coactivator Q8TDK4
    short isoform
    1235 PHD finger Q86U89
    1236 Hypothetical protein DKFZp686C07187 Q6N038
    1237 Phosphalidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase P42338
    catalytic subunit beta isoform (EC 2.7.1.153)
    (PI3-kinase p110 subunit beta) (PtdIns-3-kinase
    p110)
    1238 Phosphodiesterase 8A, isoform 1 Q6P9H3
    1239 Serine/threonine-protein kinase SMG1 Q96Q15
    (EC 2.7.11.1) (SMG-1) (hSMG-1) (Lambda/iota
    protein kinase C-interacting protein) (Lambda-
    interacting protein) (
    1240 PiggyBac transposable element derived 3 Q8N328
    1241 PIWIL protein Q7Z3Z3
    1242 Homeobox protein PKNOX1 (PBX/knotted P55347
    homeobox 1)
    1243 Transmembrane protein 115 (Protein PL6) Q12893
    1244 Plakophilin-2 Q99959
    1245 Plectin 6 Q6S380
    1246 Plectin 1 (PLTN) (PCN) Q15149
    (Hemidesmosomal protein 1) (HD1) O43157
    1247 Plexin B1; plexin 5; semaphorin receptor
    1248 Pleiotropic regulator 1 O43660
    1249 Blood vessel epicardial substance (hBVES) Q8NE79
    (Popeye domain-containing protein 1) (Popeye
    protein 1)
    1250 Carboxypeptidase-like protein X2 precursor Q8N436
    1251 YIF1B protein Q5BJH7
    1252 Melanoma antigen preferentially expressed in P78395
    tumors (Pr4eferentially expressed antigen of
    melanoma) (OPA-interacting protein 4)
    1253 Splice isoform 2 of Q9H7F0 Q9H7F0-2
    1254 P2Y purinoceptor 13 (P2Y13) (G-protein coupled Q9BPV8
    receptor 86) (G-protein coupled receptor 94)
    1255 Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP- O43143
    dependent RNA helicase DHX15 (EC 3.6.1.—)
    (DEAH box protein 15) (ATP-dependent RNA
    helicase #46)
    1256 HUMAN RNA-binding protein 34 (RNA-binding P42696
    motif protein 34)
    1257 Prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-1 subunit precursor
    (EC 1.14.11.2) (4-PH alpha-1) (Procollagen- P13674
    proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase alpha-1
    subunit)
    1258 Profilin-1 P07737
    1259 Programmed cell death protein 5 (TEAR 19 O14737
    protein) (TF-1 cell apoptosis-related gene 19
    protein)
    1260 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, P05166
    mitochondrial precursor (EC 6.4.1.3)
    1261 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory Q99460
    subunit 1 (26S proteasome regulatory subunit
    RPN2) (26S proteasome regulatory subunit S1)
    (26S proleasome subunit p112)
    1262 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 O43242
    (26S proteasome regulatory subunit S3)
    (Proteasome subunit p58)
    1263 Proteasome activator complex subunit 3 P61289
    (Proteasome activator 28-gamma subunit)
    (PA28gamma) (PA28g) (Activator of
    multicatalytic protease subunit 3) (11S regulator
    complex gamma subunit) (RFG-gamma) (Ki
    nuclear autoantigen)
    1264 Protein C14orf166 Q9Y224
    1265 Protein KIAA1219 Q86X10
    1266 Protein KIAA1688 Q9C0H5
    1267 Protein Plunc precursor (Palate lung and nasal Q9NP55
    epithelium clone protein) (Lung-specific protein
    X) (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related protein)
    (Tracheal epithelium-enriched protein) (Secretory
    protein in upper respiratory tracts)
    1268 Protein transport protein Sec23B Q15437
    1269 Liprin-alpha-2 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase O75334
    receptor type f polypeptide-interacting protein
    alpha-2) (PTPRF-interacting protein alpha-2)
    1270 Protocadherin gamma A12 precursor (PCDH- O60330
    gamma-A12) (Cadherin-21)
    (Fibroblast cadherin 3)
    1271 Protocadherin gamma A10 precursor (PCDH- Q9Y5H3
    gamma-A10)
    1272 Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 2 O60294
    (EC 2.1.1.—) (p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter-
    interacting protein)
    1273 KIAA1636 protein Q9HCD6
    1274 Probable G-protein coupled receptor 160 Q9UJ42
    1275 Protein C21orf45 Q9NYP9
    1276 Periodic tryptophan protein 2 homolog Q15269
    1277 Rab-like protein 2B Q9UNT1
    1278 Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 (hRad17) O75943
    (RF-C/activator 1 homolog)
    1279 DNA repair protein RAD50 (EC 3.6.—.—) Q92878
    (hRAD50)
    1280 Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GTPase- P20936
    activating protein) (GAP) (Ras p21 protein
    activator) (p120GAP) (RasGAP)
    1281 Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Q9UK56
    1282 Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 Q13283
    (EC 3.6.1.—) (ATP-dependent DNA helicase
    VIII) (GAP SH3-domain-binding protein 1)
    (G3BP-1) (HDH-VIII)
    1283 Ras-related protein Rab-27A (Rab-27) (GTP- P51159
    binding protein Ram)
    1284 Ras-related protein Rab-3D O95716
    1285 Nuclear pore complex protein Nup107 P57740
    (Nucleoporin Nup107) (107 kDa nucleoporin)
    1286 Receptor-interacting factor 1 Q86XS4
    1287 Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein Q9UJD0
    3 (Nim3) (Rab-3 interacting molecule 3) (RIM 3)
    (RIM3 gamma)
    1288 Regulator of G protein signaling protein Q86UV0
    (Regulator of G-protein signalling like 1)
    1289 MHC class II regulatory factor RFX1 (RFX) P22670
    (Enhancer factor C) (EF-C)
    1290 Retinoblastoma-associated protein (PP110) P06400
    (P105-RB)
    1291 Roundabout homolog 3 precursor (Roundabout- Q96MS0
    like protein 3)
    1292 Retinoblastoma-associated protein HEC O14777
    (Kinetochore associated 2)
    1293 Retinoblastoma-associated protein RAP140 Q9UK61
    1294 AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein P29374
    4A (ARID domain-containing protein 4A)
    (Retinoblastoma-binding protein 1)
    1295 Jumonji/AKID domain-containing protein 1A P29375
    (Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2) (RBBP-2)
    1296 RhoGTPase regulating protein variant Q6RJU5
    ARHGAP20-1ad
    1297 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2 Q8TD47
    1298 RNA binding motif Q13380
    1299 RNA binding protein (Autoantigenic, hnRNP- Q2M365
    associated with lethal yellow), long isoform -
    1300 RNA-binding protein Q8NI52
    1301 Ro ribonucleoprotein-binding protein 1 Q9UHX1
    (SIAHBP1 protein)
    1302 HUMAN OTTHUMP00000030902 Q5JYR6
    1303 Ryanodine receptor 2 (Cardiac muscle-type Q92736
    ryanodine receptor) (RyR2) (RYR-2) (Cardiac
    muscle ryanodine receptor-calcium release
    channel) (hRYR-2)
    1304 SEC14-like protein 1 Q92503
    1305 Secreted and transmembrane protein 1 precursor Q8WVN6
    (Protein K12)
    1306 Neudesin precursor (Neuron-derived Q9UMX5
    neurotrophic factor)
    1307 P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 precursor Q14242
    (PSGL-1) (Selectin P ligand) (CD162 antigen)
    1308 Semaphorin-6D precursor Q8NFY4
    1309 Serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting protein Q8WUJ0
    (Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein)
    1310 Olfactory receptor 8G5 (Olfactory receptor Q8NG78
    OR11-298)
    1311 Shb-likc adapter protein, Shf Q7M4L6
    1312 Signal transducer and activator of transcription P42224
    1-alpha/beta (Transcription factor ISGF-3
    components p91/p84) STAT1
    1313 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 P40763
    (Acute-phase response factor)
    1314 40S ribosomal protein S7 P62081
    1315 60S ribosomal protein L35 P42766
    1316 60S ribosomal protein L7 P18124
    1317 Thrombospondin-2 precursor P35442
    1318 C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin Q8IZJ3
    domain containing 8
    1319 ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 2 Q9UG63
    (Iron-inhibited ABC transporter 2)
    1320 Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 (Block of Q14137
    proliferation 1 protein)
    1321 CDNA FLJ13765 fis, clone PLACE4000128, Q9H8C5
    weakly similar to Mus musculus putative
    transcription factor mRNA
    1322 CD200 cell surface glycoprotein receptor Q6Q8B3
    isoform 2 variant 2
    1323 LRRC58 protein Q96CX6
    1324 Claudin-6 (Skullin 2) P56747
    1325 T-box transcription factor TBX18 O95935
    (T-box protein 18)
    1326 INTS7 protein Q8WUH5
    1327 FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 2 Q5SZK8
    precursor (ECM3 homolog)
    1328 Zinc finger protein 318 (Endocrine regulatory Q5VUA4
    protein)
    1329 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit Q99613
    8 (eIF3 p110) (eIF3c)
    1330 HUMAN LOC196394 protein Q8IY45
    1331 Hypothetical protein FLJ44216 Q8NDZ2
    1332 Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta (HSP 84) P08238
    (HSP 90)
    1333 Sarcoma antigen NY-SAR-41 (NY-SAR 41) Q5T9S5
    1334 Protein FAM86A Q96G04
    1335 Ras-like family 11 member A Q6T310
    (OTTHUMP00000018162)
    1336 Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (Cytokeratin-18) P05783
    (CK-18)
    1337 U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein Q9BVJ6
    14 homolog A (Antigen NY-CO-16)
    1338 Hypothetical protein DKFZp781D1722 Q68DM0
    1339 Chromosome-associated kinesin KIF4A O95239
    (Chromokinesin)
    1340 Kinesin-like protein KIF6 Q6ZMV9
    1341 Myosin-10 (Myosin heavy chain, nonmuscle IIb) P35580
    (Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIb)
    1342 Hypothetical protein C17orf57 Q8IY85
    1343 Similar to peptide N-glycanase homolog Q9BVR8
    (S.cerevisiae)
    1344 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A P62937
    (EC 5.2.1.8)
    1345 Serpin A13 precursor Q6UXR4
    1346 40S ribosomal protein SA (p40) (34/67 kDa P08865
    laminin receptor) (Colon carcinoma laminin-
    binding protein) (NEM/1CHD4) (Multidrug
    resistance-associated protein MGr1-Ag)
    1347 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase Q9UJJ9
    subunit gamma precursor
    1348 Liprin-beta-1 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase Q86W92
    receptor type f polypeptide-interacting protein-
    binding protein 1)
    1349 40S ribosomal protein S3a P61247
    1350 40S ribosomal protein S3a P61247
    1351 LOC124512 protein (Fragment) Q86XA0
    1532 Hypothetical protein MGC26744 Q96KX1
    1535 Hypothetical protein LOC122258 Q96KW9
    1354 Sulfiredoxin-1 (EC 1.8.98.2) Q9BYN0
    1355 Basalin Q5QJ38
    1356 Protein FAM86A Q96G04
    1357 Transmembrane protein 16F Q4KMQ2
    1358 TEB4 protein O14670
    1359 SLC10A5 Q5PT55
    1360 Serine/threonine-protein kinase SNF1-like P57059
    kinase 1 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    1361 LOC391257 protein Q6P094
    1362 Zinc finger protein 161 (Putative transcription Q14119
    factor DB1)
    1363 Slit homolog 2 protein precursor (Slit-2) O94813
    1364 FYN-binding protein (FYN-T-binding protein) O15117
    1365 Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C P41229
    (SmcX protein) (Xe169 protein)
    1366 Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D Q9BY66
    (SmcY protein) (Histocompatibility Y antigen)
    1367 Monocarboxylate transporter 3 (MCT 3) O95907
    1368 Solute carrier family 4 sodium bicarbonate Q6U841
    cotransporter-like member 10-
    1369 Sorting nexin 14, isoform a Q6NUI7
    1370 Sorting nexin-4 O95219
    1371 Spectrin beta chain, brain 4 Q9NRC6
    (Spectrin, non-erythroid beta chain 4)
    1372 Spermatogenesis-associated protein 7 Q9P0W8
    (Spermatogenesis-associated protein HSD3)
    1373 Non-POU domain-containing octamer- Q15233
    binding protein (NonO protein) (54 kDa
    nuclear RNA- and DNA-binding
    protein) (p54(nrb) (p54nrb) (55 kDa
    nuclear protein)
    1374 Cohesin subunit SA-1 (Stromal antigen 1) Q8WVM7
    (SCC3 homolog 1)
    1375 Steroid receptor RNA activator isoform 1 Q9HD15
    1376 Structure-specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1)
    (Recombination signal sequence recognition Q08945
    protein) (T160) (Chromatin-specific
    transcription elongation factor 80 kDa subunit)
    1377 Suppressor of hairy wing homolog 2 (5′OY11.1) Q86YH2
    (Zinc finger protein 632)
    1378 Transcription elongation factor SPT5 (hSPT5) O00267
    (DRB sensitivity-inducing factor large subunit)
    (DSIF large subunit) (DSIFp160) (Tat-
    cotransactivator 1 protein) (Tat-CT1 protein)-
    1379 Synaptogyrin-3 O43761
    1380 Synaptojanin-2-binding protein (Mitochondrial P57105
    outer membrane protein 25)
    1381 Synemi Q8TE61
    1382 Talin-1 Q9Y490
    1383 TAR RNA loop binding protein Q13395
    (TAR (HIV) RNA binding protein 1)
    1384 Taste receptor type 2 member 3 (T2R3) Q9NYW6
    1385 Taste receptor type 2 member 40 (T2R40) P59535
    (T2R58) (G-protein coupled receptor 60)
    1386 Oxidoreductase HTATIP2 (HC 1.1.1.—) Q9BUP3
    (HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein 2)
    1387 Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 6 P49848
    (Transcription initiation factor TFIID
    70 kDa subunit) (TAF(II)70) (TAFII-70)
    (TAFII-80) (TAFII80)
    1388 TRA@ protein Q6PIP7
    1389 T-complex protein 1 subunit beta (TCP-1-beta) P78371
    (CCT-beta)
    1390 Telomerase-binding protein EST1A (Ever shorter Q86US8
    telomeres 1A) (Telomerase subunit EST1A)
    (EST1-like protein A) (hSmg5/7a)
    1391 Tumor endothelial marker 6 (Hypothetical protein Q96PE0
    TEM6)
    1392 Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2 Q13576
    1393 Tetratricopeptide repeal protein 15 Q8WVT3
    (TPR repeat protein 15)
    1394 Myosin-18A (Myosin XVIIIa) (Myosin Q92614
    containing PDZ domain) (Molecule associated
    with JAK3 N-terminus) (MAJN)
    1395 Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 Q8TCZ9
    precursor (Fibrocyslin)
    1396 TMC4 protein Q7Z5M3
    1397 MDC-3.13 isolorm 1 (TNFAIP8 protein) Q9UER5
    1398 Toll-like receptor 8 precursor Q9NR97
    1399 Tolloid-like protein 1 precursor (EC 3.4.24.—) O43897
    1400 DNA topoisomerase I, mitochondrial precursor Q969P6
    (EC 5.99.1.2) (TOP1mt)
    1401 PAP associated domain-containing protein 5 Q8NDF8
    (EC 2.7.7.—) (Topoisomerase-related function
    protein 4-2) (TRF4-2)
    1402 Plastin-3 (T-plastin) P13797
    1403 Translocated promoter region Q5SWY0
    (To activated MET oncogene)
    1404 P2Y purinoceptor 13 (P2Y13) (G-protein Q9BPV8
    coupled receptor 86) (G-protein coupled
    receptor 94)
    1405 Transcript Y 5 Q9BXH6
    1406 Transcription factor Sp4 (SPR-1) Q02446
    1407 Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 P21675
    (EC 2.7.11.1) (Transcription initiation factor
    TFIID 250 kDa subunit) (TAF(II)250)
    (TAFII-250) (TAFII250) (TBP-associated factor
    250 kDa) (p250) (Cell cycle gene 1 protein)
    1408 Transcriptional repressor CTCFL (CCCTC- Q8NI51
    binding factor) (Brother of the regulator of
    imprinted sites) (Zinc finger protein CTCF-T)
    (CTCF paralog
    1409 Transducer of regulated CREB protein 3 Q6UUV7
    1410 Transmembrane channel-like protein 4 Q7Z404
    1411 Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 6 P49848
    (Transcription initiation factor TFIID 70 kDa
    subunit) (TAF(II)70) (TAFII-70) (TAFII-80)
    (TAFII80)
    1412 Trophinin-associated protein (Tastin) Q12815
    (Trophinin-assisting protein)
    1413 Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.2) P23381
    (Tryptophan--tRNA ligase) (TrpRS) (IFP53)
    (hWRS)
    1414 Tubulin, gamma complex associated protein 3 Q5T9Y2
    1415 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6
    (Fas antigen ligand) (Fas ligand) (CD178 antigen) P48023
    (CD95L protein) (Apoptosis antigen ligand)
    (APTL) [Contains: Tumor necrosis factor ligand
    superfamily member 6, membrane form
    1416 Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 1, Q13829
    endothelial (B12 protein)
    1417 Netrin receptor DCC precursor (Tumor suppressor P43146
    protein DCC) (Colorectal cancer suppressor)
    1418 Adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase Q9NZ08
    precursor (EC 3.4.11.—) (A-LAP) (ARTS-1)
    (Aminopeptidase PILS) (Puromycin-insensitive
    leucyl-specific aminopeptidase) (PILS-AP)
    (Type 1 tumor necrosis factor receptor
    shedding aminopeptidase
    1419 U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A P09012
    (U1 snRNP protein A) (U1A protein) (U1-A
    1420 U6 snRNA-associatcd Sm-like protein LSm8 O95777
    1421 Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (KC 6.3.2.—) Q05086
    (E6AP ubiquilin-protein ligase)
    (Oncogenic protein-associated protein E6-AP)
    (Human papillomavirus E6-associated protein)
    1422 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 3 Q9Y6I4
    (EC 3.1.2.15) (Ubiquitin thioesterase 3)
    (Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 3)
    (Deubiquitinating enzyme 3)
    1423 UBX domain-containing protein 2 Q92575
    1424 UNC93 homolog B1 (UNC-93B protein) Q9H1C4
    (hUNC93B1)
    1425 Splice isoform 5 of Q9H171 Q9H171-5
    1426 CDNA FLJ46282 fis, clone TESTI4031066 Q6ZRK6
    1427 CCDC73 protein Q6P5Q7
    1428 Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 10 Q9BWT7
    (CARD-containing MACUK protein 3) (Carma 3)
    1429 Chromatin-specific transcription elongation Q9Y5B9
    factor FACT 140 kDa subunit
    1430 Beta-defensin 120 precursor Q8N689
    1431 Alpha-catulin (Catenin alpha-like protein 1) Q9UBT7
    (Alpha-catenin-related protein)
    1432 Ribonuclease III (EC 3.1.26.3) (RNase III) Q9NRR4
    1433 Seizure related 6 homolog Q53EL9
    1434 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor precursor P09919
    (G-CSF) (Pluripoietin) (Filgrastim) (Lenograstim)
    1435 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase Q9HB23
    1436 Protein C6orf130 Q9Y530
    1437 Melanophilin (Exophilin-3) (Synaptotagmin-like Q9BV36
    protein 2a) (Slp homolog lacking C2 domains a)
    1438 Novel protein (Possible ortholog of mouse Q5VTR6
    phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1
    (Pik3ap1)
    1439 AHR61 glycosyltransferase Q6P985
    1440 Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (HSP 86) P07900
    1441 60S ribosomal protein L19 P84098
    1442 PDZ domain-containing protein 11 Q5EBL8
    1443 Dedicator of cytokinesis 11-; Cdc42-
    associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor
    ACG/DOCK11 Q5JSL3
    1444 Hypothetical protein FLJ26930 Q6ZNX6
    1445 Laminin gamma-1 chain precursor P11047
    (Laminin B2 chain)
    1446 ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family Q96J66
    C member 11 (Multidrug resistance-
    associated protein 8)
    1447 Uridine/cytidine kinase-like 1 Q9NWZ5
    1448 Butyrophilin-like protein 8 precursor Q6UX41
    1449 Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule Q96AP7
    precursor
    1450 Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN O95453
    (EC 3.1.13.4) (Polyadenylale-specific
    ribonuclease) (Deadenylating nuclease)
    (Deadenylation nuclease)
    1451 Voltage-gated potassium channel KCNA7 Q96RP8
    1452 F-box protein 11 Q52ZP1
    1453 rythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 5 Q7Z5S1
    1454 CDNA FLJ45015 fis, clone BRAWH3014639 Q6ZT30
    1455 FAM13A1_v2 protein Q24JP0
    1456 Hypothetical protein FLJ26432 Q6ZP70
    1457 VPS13D-1A protein Q709C5
    1458 Coagulation factor VIII precursor P00451
    (Procoagulant component)
    (Antihemophilic factor) (AHF)
    1459 NFX1-type zinc finger-containing protein 1 Q9P2E3
    1460 Polymerase I and transcript release factor Q6NZI2
    (PTRF protein)
    1461 T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon P48643
    (TCP-1-epsilon) (CCT-epsilon)
    1462 Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX27 Q96GQ7
    (EC 3.6.1.—) (DEAD box protein 27)
    1463 HSCARG Q9HBL8
    1464 CDNA FLJ43956 fis. clone TESTI4015681 Q6ZU72
    1465 Mitochondrial-processing peptidase alpha Q10713
    subunit, mitochondrial precursor
    (EC 3.4.24.64) (Alpha-MPP)
    1466 CDNA FLJ45287 fis, clone BRHIP3002124 Q6ZSK0
    1467 Hypothetical protein C12orf62 Q96I36
    1468 VPS13D-2A protein Q709C4
    1469 CDNA FLJ32009 fis, clone NT2RP7009498, Q96DN2
    weakly similar to FIBUUN-1, ISOFORM A
    1470 Transient receptor potential cation channel Q9HBA0
    subfamily V member 4 (TrpV4) (osm-9-like
    TRP channel 4) (OTRPC4) (Vanilloid
    receptor-like channel 2) (Vanilloid
    receptor-like protein 2) (VRL-2)
    1471 Vascular endothelial growth factor D O43915
    precursor (VFGF-D) (c-fos-induced
    growth factor) (FIGF)
    1472 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 P17948
    precursor (EC 2.7.10.1) (VFGFR-1)
    (Vascular permeability factor receptor)
    (Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT)
    (Flt-1) (Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT)
    (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1)
    1473 Proto-oncogene C-crk (P38) (Adapter molecule crk) P46108
    1474 VDUP1 protein (Thioredoxin interacting protein) Q9H3M7
    1475 Vimentin P08670
    1476 HUMAN CTCL tumor antigen HD-CL-06 Q548L2
    (Vimentin variant)
    1477 Vinculin (Metavinculin) P18206
    1478 Integrin alpha-3 precursor (Galaetoprotein B3) P26006
    (GAPB3) (VLA-3 alpha chain) (FRP-2) (CD49c
    antigen) [Contains: Integrin alpha-3 heavy chain;
    Integrin alpha-3 light chain]
    1479 Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel
    alpha-1H subunit (Voltage-gated calcium O95180
    channel alpha subunit Cav3.2) (Low-voltage-
    activated calcium channel alpha1 3.2 subunit)
    1480 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family Q8IV90
    member 4 (WASP-family protein member 4)
    1481 ATP synthase coupling factor 6, mitochondrial P18859
    precursor (EC 3.6.3.14) (ATPase subunit F6)
    1482 Proto-oncogene protein Wnt-3 precursor P56703
    1483 Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding Q99767
    family A member 2 (Neuron-specific X11L
    protein) (Neuronal Munc18-1-interacting
    protein 2) (Mint-2) (Adapter protein X11beta)
    1484 Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 5 Q8N8U3
    1485 Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia Q59FF2
    (Trithorax homolog, Drosophila) variant
    1486 Zinc finger protein DZIP1 Q86YF9
    (DAZ-interacting protein 1/2)
    1487 Hypothetical protein DKFZp761O1618 Q69YS5
    1488 ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 2 Q9UG63
    (Iron-inhibited ABC transporter 2)
    1489 Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 Q14137
    (Block of proliferation 1 protein)
    1490 CDNA FLJ13765 fis, clone PLACE4000128 Q9H8C5
    1491 NDRG1 protein (N-myc downstream Q92597
    regulated gene 1 protein)
    1492 Pre-mRNA splicing factor ATP-dependent Q92620
    RNA helicase PRP16
    1493 Nesprin 2 (Nuclear envelope spectrin Q9NU50
    repeat protein 2)
    1494 Adenomatous polyposis coli P25054
    1495 Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 P49459
    1496 B cell receptor-associated protein BAP31 P5572
    (CDM protein) 6c6-AG
    1497 Topoisomerase II-alpha P11388
    1498 Topoisomerase II beta Q02880
    1499 Integrin beta8 subunit precursor P26012
    1500 Replication Protein A P27694
    1501 Abl Binding protein 3 U31089
    1502 Cyclin I Q14094
    1503 Cell Division Control Protein 2 (CDC2) P06493
    1504 Septin 2 (NEDD5) Q15019
    1505 STAT1 alpha/beta P42224
    1506 LDL Receptor-related protein (LRP) Q07954
    1507 TACE (ADAM 17) NP-068604
    1508 Junction plakoglobin (gamma catenin) P14923
    1509 EDDR1 Q08345
    1510 IP3 receptor type II Q14571
    1511 Melanoma-associated antigen D2 (MAGE-D2
    antigen) (MAGE-D) (Breast cancer-associated Q9UNF1
    gene 1 protein) (BCG-1) (11B6) (Hepatocellular
    carcinoma-associated protein JCL-1)
    1512 Melanoma-associated antigen 4 (MAGE-4 P43358
    antigen) (MAGE-X2) (MAGE-41)
    1513 HUMAN Retinoblastoma-like protein 2 Q08999
    (130 kDa retinoblastoma-associated protein)
    (PRB2) (P130) (RBR-2)

Claims (17)

1. A method for eliciting a CTL response against tumor cells presenting at least one of the following epitopic peptides: SEQ ID NO: 1516, 1517, 1519, 1521, 1527, 1528, or 1529 in a subject, comprising administering to said subject a composition comprising
at least one polypeptide comprising an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1516, 1517, 1519, 1521, 1527, 1528, and 1529 in an amount sufficient to induce a CTL response to said tumor cells; or
at least one polypeptide comprising an epitopic peptide having no more than one amino acid difference from an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1516, 1517, 1519, 1521, 1527, 1528, and 1529 in an amount sufficient to induce a CTL response to said tumor cells.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said amino acid difference is the result of a conservative amino acid substitution.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said amino acid difference is the result of a substitution of one hydrophobic amino acid with another hydrophobic amino acid.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said amino acid difference is the result of an addition or deletion of one amino acid to or from said epitopic peptide.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises an adjuvant.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of complete Freund's adjuvant, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA-51, LAG-3, aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, alum, and saponin.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises a cytokine.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said cytokine is GM-CSF.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises a vehicle.
10. The method of claim 9, where said vehicle is selected from the group consisting of a liposome, an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM), and slow-releasing particles.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said liposome comprises an emulsion, a foam, a micelle, an insoluble monolayer, a liquid crystal, a phospholipid dispersion, or a lamellar layer.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide consists of
an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1516, 1517, 1519, 1521, 1527, 1528, and 1529; or
an amino acid sequence having no more than one amino acid differences from an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1516, 1517, 1519, 1521, 1527, 1528, and 1529.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said tumor cells are part of a carcinoma.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said cancer is tumor cells are part of an ovarian carcinoma.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said polypeptide comprises at least two epitopic peptides.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said polypeptide comprises at least three epitopic peptides.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1516;
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1517;
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1519;
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1521;
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1527;
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1528; and
an epitopic peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1529.
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