US20110180744A1 - Exothermic-Enhanced Articles and Methods for Making the Same - Google Patents
Exothermic-Enhanced Articles and Methods for Making the Same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110180744A1 US20110180744A1 US13/048,554 US201113048554A US2011180744A1 US 20110180744 A1 US20110180744 A1 US 20110180744A1 US 201113048554 A US201113048554 A US 201113048554A US 2011180744 A1 US2011180744 A1 US 2011180744A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- active particles
- paint
- composition
- enhanced
- exothermic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 98
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 bicomponents Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CMDKPGRTAQVGFQ-RMKNXTFCSA-N cinoxate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 CMDKPGRTAQVGFQ-RMKNXTFCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001063 cinoxate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002821 Modacrylic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 78
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 42
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001365789 Oenanthe crocata Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEHCICAEULNIGD-MZMPZRCHSA-N pergolide Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@@H](CSC)CN([C@@H]2C2)CCC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 YEHCICAEULNIGD-MZMPZRCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088507 permax Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#C NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000180278 Copernicia prunifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010919 Copernicia prunifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018246 Solanum hyporhodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018256 Solanum topiro Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000070646 Solanum topiro Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQWLQWVLHSPEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OCCCO.OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WQWLQWVLHSPEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3291—Characterised by the shape of the carrier, the coating or the obtained coated product
- B01J20/3293—Coatings on a core, the core being particle or fiber shaped, e.g. encapsulated particles, coated fibers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0633—Chemical separation of ingredients, e.g. slowly soluble activator
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
- Y10T428/2985—Solid-walled microcapsule from synthetic polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/2995—Silane, siloxane or silicone coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/2996—Glass particles or spheres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to exothermic enhanced articles and methods for making the same.
- the disclosure also relates to method for measuring the drying time of articles.
- Drying refers to the removal of moisture or liquid from a material. Drying may or may not be a heat-based process. For example, drying may occur by several methods including, but not limited to, freezing (e.g., the moisture solidifies and sublimes from the material), by evaporative drying (e.g., dry heated air is applied to the material to cause the moisture or liquid to evaporate), and by the application of microwaves and other radio-frequencies.
- freezing e.g., the moisture solidifies and sublimes from the material
- evaporative drying e.g., dry heated air is applied to the material to cause the moisture or liquid to evaporate
- microwaves and other radio-frequencies e.g., microwaves and other radio-frequencies.
- a high drying efficiency in materials is desirable because it decreases the amount of time and energy required to dry an article produced from the material. For example, an article with a high drying efficiency may dry quicker after it is dampened, for example, by sweat. Furthermore, articles such as hospital gowns and beddings which are laundered frequently may last longer with improved drying efficiency as this reduces the harsh treatments that often result from subjecting these articles repeatedly to extended drying cycles.
- a composition includes a base material and active particles in contact with the base material.
- the active particles may be capable of exhibiting exothermic properties which may be imparted to the composition, thereby improving the moisture management properties (e.g., the drying time or required drying energy) of the composition.
- the active particles may be encapsulated by a removable protective substance that prevents at least a portion of the active particles from being substantially deactivated by other substance or matter prior to removal of the removable protective substance.
- the removable protective substance may be subsequently removed to reactivate the portion of active particles to improve the moisture management properties of the composition.
- the composition may be produced by combining an exothermic-enhanced substrate with one or more base materials.
- Suitable active particles include, but are not limited to, active particles capable of interacting exothermically with the base material.
- Suitable removable protective substances include, but are not limited to, substances having a particular chemical affinity for the active particle that enables the substance to adhere to the active particle when subjected to events that are possibly deleterious to the active particle, but also enables removal of the protective substance without damaging the active particle.
- the protective substance may be removed by, for example, dissolving or evaporating the protective substance.
- a performance-enhanced paint provided in accordance with principles of the invention includes a base paint material (such as, for example, a polyurethane or a polyacrylic paint) dissolved in a solvent.
- a base paint material such as, for example, a polyurethane or a polyacrylic paint
- Active particles capable of exhibiting exothermic properties are added to the paint (e.g., during production of the paint or after production but prior to application of the paint).
- the active particles interact exothermically with the solvent and/or base paint material to produce heat that subsequently reduces the drying time of the paint.
- aspects of the invention also relate to a method for accurately measuring the drying time of an article.
- the method of measuring time disclosed by embodiments of the invention may be particularly well suited to, but not limited to, measuring drying time for articles that, for example, exhibit adsorbance and whose drying times are therefore ill-suited to traditional methods of dry time measurements that are sensitive to changes in the weight of the article.
- a method for determining the drying time of an article includes measuring under a controlled set of testing conditions an initial equilibrium temperature of the article after diffusing therein an amount of a liquid, such as water.
- initial equilibrium temperature refers to a substantially constant temperature of an article following a relatively rapid drop in the temperature of the article after a liquid substance is introduced into the article.
- the temperature of article may be monitored under the controlled set of testing conditions to determine when a relatively rapid rise in temperature occurs and a final equilibrium temperature may be determined by measuring the temperature of the article following the relatively rapid rise.
- final equilibrium temperature refers to a substantially constant temperature of an article following a relatively rapid increase in the temperature of the article after a liquid substance is introduced into the article.
- the drying time of the article may be determined based on the initial equilibrium temperature and the final equilibrium temperature. In some embodiments, the drying time of the article may be determined as the difference between the initial equilibrium temperature and the final equilibrium temperature. Drying time measured in accordance with the present invention may be adjusted to account for various testing conditions, including the room temperature and the humidity of the testing environment.
- FIG. 1 is an illustrative graph comparing the dry time differences between a base material and an exothermically-enhanced material in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative arrangement for measuring the dry time of a fabric in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a graph of illustrative data retrieved regarding the dry time of several fabrics in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative arrangement for performing a drip demonstration in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
- energy may be exchanged with the surrounding environment.
- energy may be consumed as input to the process or reaction, produced as a by-product or output of the process or reaction, or both.
- a reaction or process may add a net negative or a net positive amount of energy to the surrounding environment.
- An exothermic process or reaction is one that adds a net positive amount of energy in the form of heat to the surrounding environment (e.g., the process consumes less energy than it produces).
- Exothermic reactions may be chemical, physical, or both. Examples of exothermic reactions include, but are not limited to, adsorption, respiration processes, combustion processes, freezing, reactions between acid and water, and any combination thereof.
- Exothermic particles may also reduce the energy consumed when using a dryer to dry an article.
- An exothermic-enhanced article produced according to the principles of the present invention may release heat into the drying environment to supplement the energy supplied by the dryer and thereby improve the drying rate of the article in dryer.
- active particles embedded in an article may adsorb liquid introduced into the article and undergo an exothermic reaction. Because the drying process of the dryer may be temperature-dependent in which the drying rate may increase as the process temperature increases, the heat released by the exothermic process of the active particles may increase the temperature of the drying process and thereby improve the drying rate of the dryer beyond the drying rate that may otherwise result from the energy supplied by the dryer.
- exothermic-enhanced materials produced according to the principles of the present invention may be used in a wide variety of products including, but not limited to, for example, gowns, bedding, curtains, towels, bathroom accessories, kitchen accessories and in any product, process, or environment (e.g., Hospitals and hotels) where efficient drying may be desired.
- exothermic particles may be used according to the principles of the present invention to remove germs or the like from an article, process, or environment.
- the heat released by adsorption may raise the temperature of the article, process, or environment to levels that may be fatal to certain harmful germs, microbes and the like.
- Base materials that may contain an exothermic enhanced article may include, but are not limited to, polyester, nylon, polyacrylic, polypropylene, polyurethane, thermalplastics, PTFE (e.g., Teflon®), polycarbonates, polyalkanes, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, poly-vinyl compounds, epoxy, siloxane based reaction polymer, glue, cross-linking polymer, polymers, fibers, cotton, acetate, acrylic, aramid, bicomponent, lyocell, melamine, modacrylic, nylon, olefin, PBI, rayon, spandex, water, oil, aerosols, perfumes, any other suitable materials, or any combination thereof.
- PTFE e.g., Teflon®
- polycarbonates e.g., Teflon®
- polyalkanes polyethylenes
- polystyrenes poly-vinyl compounds
- epoxy siloxane based reaction polymer
- glue cross-linking
- Certain particles may be used to add performance properties to materials in different forms such as gases, liquids, and solids. These particles may have properties that are suitable for odor adsorption, moisture management, ultraviolet light protection, chemical protection, bio-hazard protection, fire retardance, anti-bacterial protection, anti-viral protection, anti-fungal protection, anti-microbial protection, any other suitable factors, or any combinations thereof.
- pores may provide the particle or, more particularly, the surface of the particle with its activity (e.g., capacity to adsorb).
- an active particle such as activated carbon can adsorb a substance (e.g., butane, methane, water, and other gases and liquids) by trapping the substance in the pores of the activated carbon.
- Active particles may include, but are not limited to, activated carbon, aluminum oxide (activated alumina), silica gel, soda ash, aluminum trihydrate, baking soda, p-methoxy-2-ethoxyethyl ester Cinnamic acid (cinoxate), zinc oxide, zeolites, titanium dioxide, molecular filter type materials, and other suitable materials.
- Activated carbon that may be included in the exothermic-enhanced article of the present invention may be derived, for example, from wood, bamboo, coal, coconut, or bithmus. Activated carbon may also be derived synthetically.
- Exposing the active particles to a substance may reduce or permanently negate the activity of the active particles by blocking or inhibiting the pores, thus reducing the surface activity of the active particles. That is, when the pores are blocked or inhibited with a substance, those blocked or inhibited pores may be prevented from further adsorption. However, the adsorptive capacity of active particles may be increased or restored by removing the substance that is blocking or inhibiting the pores. Hence, active particles can be rejuvenated or reactivated, for example, by being heated to a predetermined temperature.
- a common problem associated with active particles is that they may lose activity or become permanently deactivated before, during, or after a process that incorporates the particles into a material (e.g., a base material). For example, active particles may lose a portion of their activity when exposed to contaminants in the ambient environment prior to being used in a process or during shipment from the active particle manufacturer to the end-user. Regardless of how particle activity is negated or reduced, such negation or reduction thereof may adversely affect the product produced by the process. For example, if particle activity is reduced, heavier particle loading may be required to make up for the reduction in activity, potentially resulting in particle loadings that affect the inherent characteristics (e.g., hand and feel) of the material treated in the process.
- a material e.g., a base material
- Active particles may be “protected” through use of at least one removable protective substance (or removable encapsulant). Introduction and removal of the protective substance results in enhanced active performance, such as for example, enhanced drying, enhanced adsorption, enhanced moisture management, enhanced anti-microbial functionality, enhanced antifungal functionality, enhanced anti-bacterial, and enhanced catalytic interaction as compared to performance of the active particles if the protective substance had not been introduced.
- Protected active particles may enhance the effective performance of materials incorporating such active particles through use of the removable protective substance.
- a more specific aspect of protected active particles is that the removable protective substance preserves the activity of active particles against premature deactivation caused by deleterious or nondeleterious substances or matter (such as deleterious adsorption of a base material during extrusion of a composition including the active particles and base material or a drawing of a film including the active particles and base material solution), such active particles having the ability to interact through particle surface exposure or particle surface proximity to various substances or matter (of any phase).
- Deleterious substances are substances that cannot be easily removed or cannot ever be removed from an active particle and therefore reduce the active particle's capacity for further adsorption.
- a deleterious substance such as a molten polymer may permanently deactivate active particle.
- a molten polymer for example, cannot be removed without damaging the active particle or the substance surrounding the active particle.
- Other substances that are prematurely adsorbed may be relatively easy to remove. That is, these types of substances may be removed using methods of rejuvenation or reactivation that do not damage the active particles or the surrounding substance. For example, when a non-deleterious substance, such as methane, is adsorbed, it may be removed from the active particle by heating the particle.
- a non-deleterious substance such as methane
- Such preservation is achieved through use of at least one removable protective substance (or removable encapsulant) to maintain the active particles in a protected state to prevent premature deactivation, in a manner enabling removal of the protective substance during reactivation to permit subsequent active performance by the active particles.
- a removable protective substance or removable encapsulant
- Such preservation is achieved through use of at least one removable protective substance (or removable encapsulant) to maintain the active particles in a protected state to prevent premature deactivation, in a manner enabling removal of the protective substance during reactivation to permit subsequent active performance by the active particles.
- an active particle is in a protected or deactivated state, its further performance interaction is temporarily or permanently reduced or negated altogether. If the deactivated state is the result of a deleterious event (such as for example, adsorption of a deleterious substance or matter), the further interaction at the affected areas of the particle is more permanent.
- Deleterious premature deactivation may occur in a variety of circumstances, including for example, when the active particle is introduced to a deleterious slurry or exposed to an extrusion process or other deleterious event or material at a time that will result in the inability of the particles to provide active performance at the desired time (such as for example, drawing a film of the material containing the particles). Deleterious deactivation can occur and not constitute premature deactivation, if such deactivation occurs at the desired or appropriate time (for example, after drawing of a film and in connection with an intended target substance or matter).
- removable protective substance (sometimes referred to herein as removable encapsulant or removable protective layer) can also be designed to enable time-delayed exposure of a portion of active particles to effect an initial exposure or enhanced active performance at a later time (including for example, enhancement resulting from protection against premature deactivation).
- Such protective substances that are suitable for protecting active particles include the Surfynol AE03, AE02, 485W, 485, 2502, and 465 water soluble surfactants, sold by Air Products and Chemicals Corporation, of Allentown, Pa., waxes sold as Textile Wax-Wand Size SF-2, by BASF Corporation, of Charlotte, N.C., and waxes sold as model numbers Kinco 878-S and Kinco 778-H by Kindt-Collins Company, of Cleveland, Ohio.
- Glycols sold by DOW Chemical Company under the name DOWANOL (DPnP, DPM, or DPMA) and TRITON CF-I0 may also be used as a suitable protective substance.
- the exothermic-enhanced article may be embodied in a film or tarp-like sheet.
- An advantage of a film-based exothermic-enhanced article may be that it possesses a certain degree of imperviousness to water penetration, thereby providing it with a water resistant, or water proof property.
- a film-based exothermic-enhanced article may be produced as follows An aqueous mixture of base material, activated carbon, and a removable protective layer may be applied to a substrate such that the mixture forms a layer or film thereon, prior to being cured.
- the substrate may be a substance for which the cured mixture is intended to be permanently affixed such as, for example, a woven, a nonwoven, paper or knitted material.
- the base material included in the mixture from which the film is derived may include a polyurethane solution, a polyacrylic solution, polyurethane solutions, 1,3 propanediol terephthalate solutions, or any other suitable solution.
- the base material may include water and other ingredients such as cross-linking polymers.
- a combination of at least two different base materials may be used (e.g., a combination polyurethane and acrylic solution).
- An example of a polyurethane that may be used is a breathable polyurethane available from Noveon Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,897,281 for a detailed discussion of a polyurethane, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- the base material may include Noveon's Permax polyurethane coating compound.
- the base material may include Noveon's Permax polyurethane coating compound, an acrylic polymer, and an extra cross-linking agent.
- the exothermic-enhanced article may be embodied in a non-woven sheet.
- the nonwoven sheet may be derived from “chopped-up” fibers or staple fibers extruded from a mixture of base material, activated carbon, and protective substance. The fibers may then be fused together to form a non-woven structure. After the non-woven article is constructed, it may be subjected to a process or conditions which cause at least a portion of the removable protective substance to be removed.
- a woven material refers to any material held together mechanically by looping the constituent yarns around each other in a non-random manner.
- woven is intended to refer to (1) classical woven materials in which a material is composed of two yarns, known as the warp and the weft (or fill); and to (2) knitted materials which generally consist of yarns that run in the same direction rather than perpendicular directions and, like classical woven materials, are held together mechanically.
- woven materials include, but are not limited to, fabric materials, such as those used in apparel applications, and sheet materials, such as those used in non-apparel applications.
- yarn is intended to refer to any continuous strand of material, such as, for example, yarn, fiber, thread, or string.
- An exothermic-enhanced article may be made using an air dispersion method for treating an embedding substance (e.g., woven or non-woven material).
- an air dispersion method (a) entrains active particles in a gaseous carrier, (b) disposes a first face of an embedding substance with the entrained gaseous carrier, (c) maintains a pressure drop across the embedding substance from the first face to a second face of the embedding substance so that at least some of the entrained active particles are incorporated into the embedding substance, and (d) fixes the active particles to the embedding substance.
- air dispersion method is not intended to be a comprehensive explanation, but merely an illustrative example of such a method.
- air dispersion methods can be performed in a number of different ways. A detailed explanation of an air dispersion method can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0060106, published Mar. 27, 2003, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the air dispersion process may entrain active particles which are encapsulated with a removable protective layer.
- the fixing step may be the step that permanently attaches the particles to the embedding substance.
- this step may be implemented by using a solution that contains a binding agent and a solvent (e.g., water).
- a solution that contains a binding agent and a solvent (e.g., water).
- This solution is applied to bind the particles to the embedding substance.
- the binding agent serves as the “glue” that secures the particles to the embedding substance, but the water serves as the “carrier” for carrying the binding agent through the embedding substance to the particles.
- the solution may be comprised mostly of the solvent, the solution has the propensity to pull away from the active particles as it is adsorbed by the embedding substance, exposing portions of the encapsulant.
- the process of fixing can cause unprotected active particles to deactivate. For example, if the solution does not dry quickly enough, the binding agent may seep out of the embedding substance and enter the pores of unprotected active particles. This problem can be avoided by encapsulating the particles prior to being entrained in the gaseous carrier.
- applying the encapsulant to the active particles before being subjected to the air dispersion process may promote preservation of the active particles while being subjected to a substance that may cause premature deactivation.
- rejuvenation agents may be applied to remove the encapsulant.
- any portions of the encapsulated particles that are not covered by the binding agent are removed, which results in exposing those particular portions to the ambient environment.
- An exothermic-enhanced article according to the principles of the present invention may be produced using a padding method that is used to treat an embedding substance.
- the padding method involves passing a material (e.g., yarn, fabric, etc.) through a bath of active particles. As the embedding substance passes through the bath, the active particles adhere to the embedding substance.
- the padding process can agitate the particle bath to prevent formation of channels that could prevent adequate active particle incorporation.
- the padding method can impress the active particles into the embedding substance with a roller as it passes through the padding chamber.
- the active particles can be permanently attached to the embedding substance through application of a binding agent.
- the binding agent is typically applied to the embedding substance as a solution either before or after the embedding substance passes through the padding chamber.
- the same fixing method as that described above in conjunction with air dispersion method may be applied to this method.
- the above description of the padding process is not intended to be an exhaustive discussion, but merely serves to provide an illustrative example in how a padding method may be implemented. After the particles are fixed, the material may be used to provide the exothermic-enhanced article. A detailed discussion of the padding method may be found, for example, in U.S. patent application publication No. 2002/0197396, published Dec. 26, 2002, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- An exothermic-enhanced article may be produced by applying a liquid suspension or mixture of a binder, active particles, and removable protective layer to an embedding substance (e.g., woven, non-woven, or film).
- an embedding substance e.g., woven, non-woven, or film.
- An exothermic-enhanced article may be produced by using a xerographic method for treating an embedding substance.
- the xerographic method uses the principles of electrostatic or magnetic attraction to transfer a toner formulation from a hopper to a drum assembly.
- the drum assembly is an electrically charged or magnetically polarized assembly that rotates at a predetermined speed. As the drum assembly rotates, the toner formulation is attracted to and retained by selective (e.g., magnetically or electrically charged) portions of the assembly. Then, as the assembly continues to rotate, it impresses the toner formulation onto the embedding substance.
- an evaporative drying process may be generally understood as a drying process that extracts water or any other liquid from an environment by application of heat to convert and release the liquid in gaseous form. Because the rate of evaporation typically increases with the process temperature, an evaporative drying process is also a temperature-dependent.
- the temperature of the fabric quickly drops to an equilibrium temperature.
- This equilibrium temperature is depends on the room temperature, the base material, the rate of evaporation and the relative humidity (RH) of the evaporative process.
- RH relative humidity
- the temperature of the article remains substantially constant at this equilibrium during the evaporation process.
- the temperature of the article rises quickly to a dry point temperature, also below room temperature and then slowly rises to room temperature.
- the article is considered dry at the transition point between the fast rise in temperature and the slow rise to room temperature. The time difference between when the temperature drops quickly and rises quickly is considered the dry time of the article.
- Exothermic-enhanced articles produced according to the principles of the present invention may exhibit improved drying time and drying efficiency due to the exothermic properties of the embedded active particles.
- an active particle having exothermic properties such as activated carbon
- the liquid is adsorbed by the activated carbon and heat is released to the surrounding environment.
- this heat results in a higher initial equilibrium temperature when the liquid is initially added.
- the heat produced by the exothermic reaction also adds energy to the evaporation process, causing an increase in the rate of evaporation, and hence drying rate.
- the higher initial equilibrium temperature and the increased process temperature both contribute to reducing the drying time and input energy of the drying process, thereby increasing the drying efficiency of the exothermic-enhanced article.
- a determination of when a fabric is dry may be made using temperature as a monitoring parameter.
- a measurement may be made to indicate when fabrics are dry after adding to the fabric a known or predetermined amount of water.
- fabric 200 is mounted in an embroidery hoop 202 which is attached to a fan 204 .
- Fan 204 may be run by a DC power supply that continuously supplies about the same amount of voltage and current to fan 204 .
- Fan 204 runs at about the same speed for every test.
- a thermocouple 206 with, for example, a Teflon 30 sleeve is mounted to touch the top of fabric 200 .
- a known amount of distilled water e.g., 0.2 ml, in this example
- a known amount of distilled water e.g., 0.2 ml, in this example
- the temperature of fabric 200 is recorded by a meter 208 connected to a computer.
- the temperature is monitored before and after the water is added to fabric 200 .
- the point at which the temperature drops is stated to be time zero.
- the point at which the temperature rises rapidly is termed the end time.
- the difference between the end time and time zero is the dry time. Samples are preferably measured under the same room conditions when performing comparisons. The relative humidity and room temperature all play a role in the dry time.
- Advantages of this test for measuring dry time include the ability to get reproducible results, being able to obtain accurate results because of the fast inflection point, the ability to determine the start and end point because of the continual monitoring, the ability to eliminate the absorbance factor of fabrics because the comparison is based on equal amounts of water (or any other suitable liquid), and the ease of performing the measurement.
- the graph illustrated in FIG. 3 represents data collected on several fabrics.
- the control fabric 300 is 100% polyester fabric, fabric 302 contains 47% Cocona yarn (i.e., activated carbon from coconut shells), and fabric 304 contains 47% yarn with a zeolite additive. All three fabrics are the same construction, same weight (135 g/m2), and same processing. Both the activated carbon and zeolite yarns contain materials which adsorb water. The adsorbance process is exothermic and adds heat to the system. In addition, the large surface area of the additives may aid in the drying of the fabric. Time zero is where the temperature begins to drop; this is when the water was dropped on the fabric. The end time is the middle of the knee of the temperature curve; this is the point when the fabric is dry. The end time minus time zero is the dry time. The dry time for control fabric 300 is 110 seconds, for fabric 302 is 55 seconds, and for fabric 304 is 55 seconds.
- the drip demonstration of the present invention may involve a water dripping source that may deliver the same amount of water continually at the same rate to two or more fabrics.
- a liquid pump with multiple tubes i.e., one or more per fabric
- the fabrics may be mounted in embroidery hoops (or in any other suitable stabilizer) on top of respective fans (or any other suitable air sources) connected to a common power source.
- multiple identical power sources may be used (e.g., one per fan).
- a demonstration unit may include two water delivery systems 400 and 402 (e.g., parastalic pumps, separatory funnels, or any other water delivery system) which drop water 416 and 418 equally or substantially equally over two fabrics 404 and 406 mounted using embroidery hoops 408 and 410 on top of fans 412 and 414 .
- the drip demonstration shows how the slow drying fabric saturates with water while the fast drying fabric is able to keep up with the perspiration or the water drip rate. The rate may be adjusted to find where the fast drying fabric reaches a steady state.
- a demonstration unit may include two water delivery systems 400 and 402 (e.g., parastalic pumps, separatory funnels, or any other water delivery system) which drop water 416 and 418 equally or substantially equally over two fabrics 404 and 406 mounted using embroidery hoops 408 and 410 on top of fans 412 and 414 .
- the two fans 412 and 414 may be the same type running at the same speed.
- Water 416 and 418 is dropped on fabrics 404 and 406 where the water is adsorbed and moves out on fabrics 404 and 406 .
- the faster drying fabric is able to evaporate the water at the same rate as it is dropped on the sample.
- the slower drying fabric becomes saturated and starts to drip water.
- the present invention may be used in the context of a performance-enhanced paint, and more particularly, to improving the drying time of paint by the addition of active particles.
- Paints may be classified as pigments doped into a polymer material. Generally speaking, paints are able to dry by driving off added solvents, cross-linking of the polymer system, or both. Polyurethane and polyacrylic paints are two families of paint that may 30 require the solvent, which may be organic or aqueous, to evaporate in order to dry the paint.
- any suitable method or system may be used to incorporate the additives or active particles into the paint.
- the active particles may be added to the paint to achieve the desired improved drying while avoiding premature deactivation of the active particles by encapsulating the active particles using a removable encapsulant during processing of the paint materials.
- a detailed description of encapsulated active particles is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/226,524, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- the encapsulant may be removed during drying of the paint, such as for example, during application of the paint.
- the additives may be added at the time of use directly to the paint.
Abstract
Exothermically-enhanced articles, such as those made of fabric, are provided. The enhancement allows for faster drying times. Enhancement may be provided by using activated particles exhibiting exothermic properties. The activated particles may be removably encapsulated with a protective substance that may be used to activate or deactivate the particles.
Description
- This application claims the benefit and priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/226,524, filed on Sep. 13, 2005, and Ser. No. 11/985,733, filed Nov. 16, 2007, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
- The present disclosure relates to exothermic enhanced articles and methods for making the same. The disclosure also relates to method for measuring the drying time of articles.
- Materials may be used for several reasons, including their exothermic properties. An important property of materials is drying efficiency or drying time. Drying refers to the removal of moisture or liquid from a material. Drying may or may not be a heat-based process. For example, drying may occur by several methods including, but not limited to, freezing (e.g., the moisture solidifies and sublimes from the material), by evaporative drying (e.g., dry heated air is applied to the material to cause the moisture or liquid to evaporate), and by the application of microwaves and other radio-frequencies.
- Regardless of the method used to dry a material, it is generally desirable that the material exhibit a high drying efficiency for that method and that an accurate method be available for making such a determination. A high drying efficiency in materials is desirable because it decreases the amount of time and energy required to dry an article produced from the material. For example, an article with a high drying efficiency may dry quicker after it is dampened, for example, by sweat. Furthermore, articles such as hospital gowns and beddings which are laundered frequently may last longer with improved drying efficiency as this reduces the harsh treatments that often result from subjecting these articles repeatedly to extended drying cycles.
- The present disclosure relates to exothermic enhanced articles and methods for making the same. The disclosure also relates to method for measuring the drying time of articles. In one aspect of the present invention, a composition includes a base material and active particles in contact with the base material. The active particles may be capable of exhibiting exothermic properties which may be imparted to the composition, thereby improving the moisture management properties (e.g., the drying time or required drying energy) of the composition. In some embodiments, to protect the active particles from being deactivated during processing or production of the composition, the active particles may be encapsulated by a removable protective substance that prevents at least a portion of the active particles from being substantially deactivated by other substance or matter prior to removal of the removable protective substance. The removable protective substance may be subsequently removed to reactivate the portion of active particles to improve the moisture management properties of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition may be produced by combining an exothermic-enhanced substrate with one or more base materials. Suitable active particles include, but are not limited to, active particles capable of interacting exothermically with the base material. Suitable removable protective substances include, but are not limited to, substances having a particular chemical affinity for the active particle that enables the substance to adhere to the active particle when subjected to events that are possibly deleterious to the active particle, but also enables removal of the protective substance without damaging the active particle. The protective substance may be removed by, for example, dissolving or evaporating the protective substance.
- In some embodiments, a performance-enhanced paint provided in accordance with principles of the invention includes a base paint material (such as, for example, a polyurethane or a polyacrylic paint) dissolved in a solvent. Active particles capable of exhibiting exothermic properties are added to the paint (e.g., during production of the paint or after production but prior to application of the paint). The active particles interact exothermically with the solvent and/or base paint material to produce heat that subsequently reduces the drying time of the paint.
- Aspects of the invention also relate to a method for accurately measuring the drying time of an article. The method of measuring time disclosed by embodiments of the invention may be particularly well suited to, but not limited to, measuring drying time for articles that, for example, exhibit adsorbance and whose drying times are therefore ill-suited to traditional methods of dry time measurements that are sensitive to changes in the weight of the article.
- In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for determining the drying time of an article includes measuring under a controlled set of testing conditions an initial equilibrium temperature of the article after diffusing therein an amount of a liquid, such as water. As used herein, initial equilibrium temperature refers to a substantially constant temperature of an article following a relatively rapid drop in the temperature of the article after a liquid substance is introduced into the article. The temperature of article may be monitored under the controlled set of testing conditions to determine when a relatively rapid rise in temperature occurs and a final equilibrium temperature may be determined by measuring the temperature of the article following the relatively rapid rise. As used herein, final equilibrium temperature refers to a substantially constant temperature of an article following a relatively rapid increase in the temperature of the article after a liquid substance is introduced into the article. The drying time of the article may be determined based on the initial equilibrium temperature and the final equilibrium temperature. In some embodiments, the drying time of the article may be determined as the difference between the initial equilibrium temperature and the final equilibrium temperature. Drying time measured in accordance with the present invention may be adjusted to account for various testing conditions, including the room temperature and the humidity of the testing environment.
- The objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is an illustrative graph comparing the dry time differences between a base material and an exothermically-enhanced material in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an illustrative arrangement for measuring the dry time of a fabric in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a graph of illustrative data retrieved regarding the dry time of several fabrics in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an illustrative arrangement for performing a drip demonstration in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. - Generally, when two or more substances interact in a reaction or process, energy may be exchanged with the surrounding environment. Typically, energy may be consumed as input to the process or reaction, produced as a by-product or output of the process or reaction, or both. As a result of this energy exchange, a reaction or process may add a net negative or a net positive amount of energy to the surrounding environment. An exothermic process or reaction is one that adds a net positive amount of energy in the form of heat to the surrounding environment (e.g., the process consumes less energy than it produces). Exothermic reactions may be chemical, physical, or both. Examples of exothermic reactions include, but are not limited to, adsorption, respiration processes, combustion processes, freezing, reactions between acid and water, and any combination thereof. An active particle may have exothermic properties if it interacts exothermically (i.e., releases heat when it reacts) with one or more substances. An exothermic-enhanced article may be derived in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention by combining active particles having exothermic properties with one or more base materials to improve the drying efficiency of the resultant article in a heat-based drying process such as drying by evaporation.
- Exothermic particles may also reduce the energy consumed when using a dryer to dry an article. An exothermic-enhanced article produced according to the principles of the present invention may release heat into the drying environment to supplement the energy supplied by the dryer and thereby improve the drying rate of the article in dryer. For example, active particles embedded in an article may adsorb liquid introduced into the article and undergo an exothermic reaction. Because the drying process of the dryer may be temperature-dependent in which the drying rate may increase as the process temperature increases, the heat released by the exothermic process of the active particles may increase the temperature of the drying process and thereby improve the drying rate of the dryer beyond the drying rate that may otherwise result from the energy supplied by the dryer.
- Accordingly, exothermic-enhanced materials produced according to the principles of the present invention may be used in a wide variety of products including, but not limited to, for example, gowns, bedding, curtains, towels, bathroom accessories, kitchen accessories and in any product, process, or environment (e.g., Hospitals and hotels) where efficient drying may be desired.
- In some embodiments, exothermic particles may be used according to the principles of the present invention to remove germs or the like from an article, process, or environment. For example, the heat released by adsorption may raise the temperature of the article, process, or environment to levels that may be fatal to certain harmful germs, microbes and the like.
- Base materials that may contain an exothermic enhanced article may include, but are not limited to, polyester, nylon, polyacrylic, polypropylene, polyurethane, thermalplastics, PTFE (e.g., Teflon®), polycarbonates, polyalkanes, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, poly-vinyl compounds, epoxy, siloxane based reaction polymer, glue, cross-linking polymer, polymers, fibers, cotton, acetate, acrylic, aramid, bicomponent, lyocell, melamine, modacrylic, nylon, olefin, PBI, rayon, spandex, water, oil, aerosols, perfumes, any other suitable materials, or any combination thereof.
- Certain particles may be used to add performance properties to materials in different forms such as gases, liquids, and solids. These particles may have properties that are suitable for odor adsorption, moisture management, ultraviolet light protection, chemical protection, bio-hazard protection, fire retardance, anti-bacterial protection, anti-viral protection, anti-fungal protection, anti-microbial protection, any other suitable factors, or any combinations thereof.
- These particles may provide such properties because they are active. That is, the surface of these particles may be active. Surface active particles are active because they have the capacity to cause chemical reaction, physical reactions, or both at their surface. Such reactions may include, for example, adsorbing or trapping substances, including substances that may themselves be a solid, liquid, gas, or any combination thereof. Examples of substances include, but are not limited to, pollen, water, butane, and ambient air. Certain types of active particles may have an adsorptive property (e.g., activated carbon) because each particle has a large surface area made up of a multitude of pores (e.g., pores on the order of thousands, tens of thousands, or hundreds of thousands, per particle). These pores may provide the particle or, more particularly, the surface of the particle with its activity (e.g., capacity to adsorb). For example, an active particle such as activated carbon can adsorb a substance (e.g., butane, methane, water, and other gases and liquids) by trapping the substance in the pores of the activated carbon.
- Active particles may include, but are not limited to, activated carbon, aluminum oxide (activated alumina), silica gel, soda ash, aluminum trihydrate, baking soda, p-methoxy-2-ethoxyethyl ester Cinnamic acid (cinoxate), zinc oxide, zeolites, titanium dioxide, molecular filter type materials, and other suitable materials. Activated carbon that may be included in the exothermic-enhanced article of the present invention may be derived, for example, from wood, bamboo, coal, coconut, or bithmus. Activated carbon may also be derived synthetically.
- Exposing the active particles to a substance may reduce or permanently negate the activity of the active particles by blocking or inhibiting the pores, thus reducing the surface activity of the active particles. That is, when the pores are blocked or inhibited with a substance, those blocked or inhibited pores may be prevented from further adsorption. However, the adsorptive capacity of active particles may be increased or restored by removing the substance that is blocking or inhibiting the pores. Hence, active particles can be rejuvenated or reactivated, for example, by being heated to a predetermined temperature.
- A common problem associated with active particles is that they may lose activity or become permanently deactivated before, during, or after a process that incorporates the particles into a material (e.g., a base material). For example, active particles may lose a portion of their activity when exposed to contaminants in the ambient environment prior to being used in a process or during shipment from the active particle manufacturer to the end-user. Regardless of how particle activity is negated or reduced, such negation or reduction thereof may adversely affect the product produced by the process. For example, if particle activity is reduced, heavier particle loading may be required to make up for the reduction in activity, potentially resulting in particle loadings that affect the inherent characteristics (e.g., hand and feel) of the material treated in the process. Moreover, heavier particle loading may require increased binder loadings, which may further affect the inherent characteristics treated in the process. Thus, it will be understood that even the smallest diminution of particle activity may adversely affect the material because of the cumulative affects (e.g., additional particles and binder loadings) stemming from that reduction.
- Active particles may be “protected” through use of at least one removable protective substance (or removable encapsulant). Introduction and removal of the protective substance results in enhanced active performance, such as for example, enhanced drying, enhanced adsorption, enhanced moisture management, enhanced anti-microbial functionality, enhanced antifungal functionality, enhanced anti-bacterial, and enhanced catalytic interaction as compared to performance of the active particles if the protective substance had not been introduced. Protected active particles may enhance the effective performance of materials incorporating such active particles through use of the removable protective substance.
- A more specific aspect of protected active particles is that the removable protective substance preserves the activity of active particles against premature deactivation caused by deleterious or nondeleterious substances or matter (such as deleterious adsorption of a base material during extrusion of a composition including the active particles and base material or a drawing of a film including the active particles and base material solution), such active particles having the ability to interact through particle surface exposure or particle surface proximity to various substances or matter (of any phase). Deleterious substances are substances that cannot be easily removed or cannot ever be removed from an active particle and therefore reduce the active particle's capacity for further adsorption. For example, a deleterious substance such as a molten polymer may permanently deactivate active particle. A molten polymer, for example, cannot be removed without damaging the active particle or the substance surrounding the active particle.
- Other substances that are prematurely adsorbed may be relatively easy to remove. That is, these types of substances may be removed using methods of rejuvenation or reactivation that do not damage the active particles or the surrounding substance. For example, when a non-deleterious substance, such as methane, is adsorbed, it may be removed from the active particle by heating the particle.
- Such preservation is achieved through use of at least one removable protective substance (or removable encapsulant) to maintain the active particles in a protected state to prevent premature deactivation, in a manner enabling removal of the protective substance during reactivation to permit subsequent active performance by the active particles. When an active particle is in a protected or deactivated state, its further performance interaction is temporarily or permanently reduced or negated altogether. If the deactivated state is the result of a deleterious event (such as for example, adsorption of a deleterious substance or matter), the further interaction at the affected areas of the particle is more permanent. Deleterious premature deactivation may occur in a variety of circumstances, including for example, when the active particle is introduced to a deleterious slurry or exposed to an extrusion process or other deleterious event or material at a time that will result in the inability of the particles to provide active performance at the desired time (such as for example, drawing a film of the material containing the particles). Deleterious deactivation can occur and not constitute premature deactivation, if such deactivation occurs at the desired or appropriate time (for example, after drawing of a film and in connection with an intended target substance or matter).
- In the case of adsorptive activity and moisture management, when a removable protective substance is introduced to the active particle prior to exposure of the active particle to a deleterious event or other adsorptive performance limiter, the active particle is placed in a protected or deactivated state, limiting performance adsorption of the active particle for the time when premature deactivation is to be avoided. Reactivation by removal of the protective substance re-enables the active particles to interact with other substances or matter, such as for example, target substances or matter in the environment of a finished article incorporating the active particles.
- When deactivation is the result of performance activity (in this case, performance adsorption) by the particles when incorporated in an article (adsorption at a time after removal of the removable protective substance), performance activity may be restored through rejuvenation (or other reactivation) if desired and if such deactivation was due to a non-deleterious event. A process of rejuvenation may include, for example, a washer/dryer cycling of an exothermic-enhanced article of the invention. Another process of rejuvenation may include, for example, irradiating the exothermic-enhanced article with different wavelengths of light.
- With respect to the use of active particles to enhance performance activity in a base material (whether the activity is adsorptive, anti-microbial, dependent upon exposure of the surface of the particle to an environmental target of interaction, or simply an activity that is inhibited, enhanced, or both through use of a removable protective substance), use of at least one removable encapsulant also enables use of fewer active particles in the embedding substance or matter (or in a resultant article) to achieve effective active performance, thereby reducing potential degradation of other physical properties (for example, strength or feel) of the base material, matter or resultant article (e.g., exothermic-enhanced article).
- The use of a removable protective substance (sometimes referred to herein as removable encapsulant or removable protective layer) can also be designed to enable time-delayed exposure of a portion of active particles to effect an initial exposure or enhanced active performance at a later time (including for example, enhancement resulting from protection against premature deactivation).
- Removable protective substances can include, but are not limited to, water-soluble surfactants, surfactants, salts (e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride), polymer salts, polyvinyl alcohols, waxes (e.g., paraffin, carnauba), photo-reactive materials, degradable materials, bio-degradable materials, ethoxylated acetylenic diols, starches, corn starch, lubricants, glycols, mineral spirits, ammonium carbonate, any other suitable substances, or any combination thereof. Specific examples of such protective substances that are suitable for protecting active particles include the Surfynol AE03, AE02, 485W, 485, 2502, and 465 water soluble surfactants, sold by Air Products and Chemicals Corporation, of Allentown, Pa., waxes sold as Textile Wax-Wand Size SF-2, by BASF Corporation, of Charlotte, N.C., and waxes sold as model numbers Kinco 878-S and Kinco 778-H by Kindt-Collins Company, of Cleveland, Ohio. Glycols sold by DOW Chemical Company under the name DOWANOL (DPnP, DPM, or DPMA) and TRITON CF-I0 may also be used as a suitable protective substance.
- An advantage of using the removable protective substance is that it increases the effective performance of the activated particles incorporated into an exothermic-enhanced article according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous for use in the exothermic reaction, as greater quantities of heat may be released for predetermined area of the article, at least compared to prior articles having active particles incorporated therein.
- A more detailed explanation of protected active particles, the preparation and applications thereof, and removal of the protective substance can be found, for example, in U.S. patent application publication no. 2004/0018359, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. It will be understood that active particles may be protected by mixing the active particles into a slurry of at least one protective substance, which may or may not be diluted with a solvent (e.g., water).
- Several different exothermic-enhanced articles derived from mixtures having different compositions (e.g., weight percentages) of one or more different base materials, one or more different active particles, and one or more different protective substances may be provided and used in exothermic-enhanced articles according to the invention. In some embodiments, the base material may be a polymer base material belonging to the polymer families of polyethylene, polyester, nylon, polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyacrylics. The loading of activated carbon in the exothermic-enhanced article may be a predetermined % w/w (percent weight of the carbon compared to the weight of the exothermic-enhanced article). The predetermined % w/w may be such that the exothermic-enhanced article has sufficient structural integrity to sustain repeated gas collection and extraction cycles. It is understood that the % w/w of activated carbon in the exothermic-enhanced article may depend on a number of factors such as, for example, the type of base material used, the “final form” of the sheet (whether the sheet is a woven, a non-woven, or a film), the intended use of the sheet, and any other suitable factors.
- The loading of activated carbon may range from 0.1% w/w to about 50% w/w, 0.5% w/w to about 50% w/w, 0.5% w/w to about 10% w/w, 10% w/w to about 50% w/w, 20% to about 50% w/w, 30% w/w to about 50% w/w, 40% w/w to about 50% w/w, 10% w/w to 20% w/w, 15% w/w to 25% w/w, 20% 15 w/w to 40% w/w, or any other suitable range.
- In some embodiments, the exothermic-enhanced article may be embodied in a film or tarp-like sheet. An advantage of a film-based exothermic-enhanced article may be that it possesses a certain degree of imperviousness to water penetration, thereby providing it with a water resistant, or water proof property. A film-based exothermic-enhanced article may be produced as follows An aqueous mixture of base material, activated carbon, and a removable protective layer may be applied to a substrate such that the mixture forms a layer or film thereon, prior to being cured. The substrate may be a substance for which the cured mixture is intended to be permanently affixed such as, for example, a woven, a nonwoven, paper or knitted material. In approaches for which the cured mixture is intended to be removed and used independent of a substrate, the mixture may be applied to a release paper or other substance that has a low affinity for adhering to the cured mixture. The mixture may be cured by subjecting it to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time. Any suitable technique for effecting cure may be used such as, for example, a conventional oven, IR heating, or other suitable approach.
- The base material included in the mixture from which the film is derived may include a polyurethane solution, a polyacrylic solution, polyurethane solutions, 1,3 propanediol terephthalate solutions, or any other suitable solution. The base material may include water and other ingredients such as cross-linking polymers. If desired, a combination of at least two different base materials may be used (e.g., a combination polyurethane and acrylic solution). An example of a polyurethane that may be used is a breathable polyurethane available from Noveon Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,897,281 for a detailed discussion of a polyurethane, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In some embodiments, the base material may include Noveon's Permax polyurethane coating compound. In some embodiments, the base material may include Noveon's Permax polyurethane coating compound, an acrylic polymer, and an extra cross-linking agent.
- The protective substance may be removed from the activated carbon, thereby yielding a exothermic-enhanced article in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The protective substance may be removed when the mixture is curing, or when subjected to a process (e.g., washing/drying cycle) or agent (e.g., light, solvent, bacteria) that causes the protective substance to be removed. It is understood that not all of the protective substance may be removed. That is, a portion of it may remain permanently affixed to the base material.
- In some embodiments, the exothermic-enhanced article may be embodied in a woven sheet. The woven sheet may be derived from yarn extruded from a mixture of base material, activated carbon, and a protective substance. The extruded yarn may be woven into an article that forms an exothermic-enhanced article. If desired, the extruded yarn may be interwoven with yarn that does not contain active particles to provide an article constructed from a blend of yarns. After the woven article is constructed, it may be subjected to a process or conditions which cause at least a portion of the removable protective substance to be removed.
- In some embodiments, the exothermic-enhanced article may be embodied in a non-woven sheet. The nonwoven sheet may be derived from “chopped-up” fibers or staple fibers extruded from a mixture of base material, activated carbon, and protective substance. The fibers may then be fused together to form a non-woven structure. After the non-woven article is constructed, it may be subjected to a process or conditions which cause at least a portion of the removable protective substance to be removed. As used herein, a woven material refers to any material held together mechanically by looping the constituent yarns around each other in a non-random manner. The term woven is intended to refer to (1) classical woven materials in which a material is composed of two yarns, known as the warp and the weft (or fill); and to (2) knitted materials which generally consist of yarns that run in the same direction rather than perpendicular directions and, like classical woven materials, are held together mechanically. Examples of woven materials include, but are not limited to, fabric materials, such as those used in apparel applications, and sheet materials, such as those used in non-apparel applications. The term yarn is intended to refer to any continuous strand of material, such as, for example, yarn, fiber, thread, or string.
- In contrast, a non-woven material is made by fusing fibers together. This results in a random three dimensional structure containing free volume, or pores. These pores have a wide range of volumes. This internal pore structure results in gas, liquid and solid permeability of the non-woven material.
- An exothermic-enhanced article may be made using an air dispersion method for treating an embedding substance (e.g., woven or non-woven material). In general, an air dispersion method (a) entrains active particles in a gaseous carrier, (b) disposes a first face of an embedding substance with the entrained gaseous carrier, (c) maintains a pressure drop across the embedding substance from the first face to a second face of the embedding substance so that at least some of the entrained active particles are incorporated into the embedding substance, and (d) fixes the active particles to the embedding substance. The above description of the air dispersion method is not intended to be a comprehensive explanation, but merely an illustrative example of such a method. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that air dispersion methods can be performed in a number of different ways. A detailed explanation of an air dispersion method can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0060106, published Mar. 27, 2003, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. If desired, the air dispersion process may entrain active particles which are encapsulated with a removable protective layer.
- The fixing step, referred to above at step (d), may be the step that permanently attaches the particles to the embedding substance. In one approach, this step may be implemented by using a solution that contains a binding agent and a solvent (e.g., water). This solution is applied to bind the particles to the embedding substance. The binding agent serves as the “glue” that secures the particles to the embedding substance, but the water serves as the “carrier” for carrying the binding agent through the embedding substance to the particles. Because the solution may be comprised mostly of the solvent, the solution has the propensity to pull away from the active particles as it is adsorbed by the embedding substance, exposing portions of the encapsulant. Thus, as the solvent is absorbed by the embedding substance, it also carries the binding agent away from the particle (e.g., the solution pulls away from the portion of the particle that is not in direct or nearly direct contact with the embedding substance). However, the portion of the active particle that is in contact with the embedding substance may be unable to shed the solution. This advantageously enables the binding agent to form a bond between the particle and the embedding substance.
- The process of fixing can cause unprotected active particles to deactivate. For example, if the solution does not dry quickly enough, the binding agent may seep out of the embedding substance and enter the pores of unprotected active particles. This problem can be avoided by encapsulating the particles prior to being entrained in the gaseous carrier.
- Therefore, applying the encapsulant to the active particles before being subjected to the air dispersion process may promote preservation of the active particles while being subjected to a substance that may cause premature deactivation. After the encapsulated particles are attached to the embedding substance, rejuvenation agents may be applied to remove the encapsulant. Thus, any portions of the encapsulated particles that are not covered by the binding agent are removed, which results in exposing those particular portions to the ambient environment.
- An exothermic-enhanced article according to the principles of the present invention may be produced using a padding method that is used to treat an embedding substance. The padding method involves passing a material (e.g., yarn, fabric, etc.) through a bath of active particles. As the embedding substance passes through the bath, the active particles adhere to the embedding substance. The padding process can agitate the particle bath to prevent formation of channels that could prevent adequate active particle incorporation. In addition, the padding method can impress the active particles into the embedding substance with a roller as it passes through the padding chamber.
- The active particles can be permanently attached to the embedding substance through application of a binding agent. The binding agent is typically applied to the embedding substance as a solution either before or after the embedding substance passes through the padding chamber. The same fixing method as that described above in conjunction with air dispersion method may be applied to this method. The above description of the padding process is not intended to be an exhaustive discussion, but merely serves to provide an illustrative example in how a padding method may be implemented. After the particles are fixed, the material may be used to provide the exothermic-enhanced article. A detailed discussion of the padding method may be found, for example, in U.S. patent application publication No. 2002/0197396, published Dec. 26, 2002, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- An exothermic-enhanced article may be produced by applying a liquid suspension or mixture of a binder, active particles, and removable protective layer to an embedding substance (e.g., woven, non-woven, or film).
- An exothermic-enhanced article may be produced by using a xerographic method for treating an embedding substance. The xerographic method uses the principles of electrostatic or magnetic attraction to transfer a toner formulation from a hopper to a drum assembly. The drum assembly is an electrically charged or magnetically polarized assembly that rotates at a predetermined speed. As the drum assembly rotates, the toner formulation is attracted to and retained by selective (e.g., magnetically or electrically charged) portions of the assembly. Then, as the assembly continues to rotate, it impresses the toner formulation onto the embedding substance. Then the embedding substance is subjected to heat, which causes the toner formulation to be permanently fixed to the material (e.g., binding agents in the toner formulation plasticize and bind the particles to the embedding substance). A detailed discussion of the xerographic method may be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0197547, published Dec. 26, 2002, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The toner formulation may include, but is not limited to, active particles (e.g., activated carbon), binding agents, and additives such as charge control particles, magnetic control articles, coloring agents, or any combination thereof. If desired, the active particles may be encapsulated with a removable protective layer (e.g., a wax) prior to being added to the toner formulation. This encapsulant can preserve the properties of the active particles while they are being permanently attached to the embedding substance.
- A mechanism by which an exothermic-enhanced article may exhibit improved drying efficiency is illustrated using the example of an evaporative drying process. As explained above, an evaporative drying process may be generally understood as a drying process that extracts water or any other liquid from an environment by application of heat to convert and release the liquid in gaseous form. Because the rate of evaporation typically increases with the process temperature, an evaporative drying process is also a temperature-dependent.
- Natural drying time of a fabric has been historically measured by saturating a piece of fabric with water and measuring the time it takes the fabric to return to its original weight. A limitation of this method of measuring fabric drying time is that it fails to accurately determine the drying time of fabrics that exhibit adsorbency. This failure is due in part to the fact that the weight of adsorptive particles may vary based on which substances are adsorbed or desorbed. As a result, any weight change may not be accurately attributed to the drying process.
- As a result of this deficiency, a measurement process that is substantially transparent to weight variations is needed to measure the drying time of exothermic-enhanced articles as they may fall in the category of fabrics having adsorptive properties. Natural drying time, as defined herein, refers to the 5 amount of time it takes the material to return to room temperature after water or a water-based substance is added to the fabric at room temperature.
- When a liquid such as water is added to an article such as a piece of fabric at room temperature, 10 the temperature of the fabric quickly drops to an equilibrium temperature. This equilibrium temperature is depends on the room temperature, the base material, the rate of evaporation and the relative humidity (RH) of the evaporative process. The temperature of the article remains substantially constant at this equilibrium during the evaporation process. When the evaporation process is completed, the temperature of the article rises quickly to a dry point temperature, also below room temperature and then slowly rises to room temperature. For the purposes of measuring drying time, the article is considered dry at the transition point between the fast rise in temperature and the slow rise to room temperature. The time difference between when the temperature drops quickly and rises quickly is considered the dry time of the article.
- Exothermic-enhanced articles produced according to the principles of the present invention may exhibit improved drying time and drying efficiency due to the exothermic properties of the embedded active particles. When an active particle having exothermic properties, such as activated carbon, is exposed to a liquid such as water, the liquid is adsorbed by the activated carbon and heat is released to the surrounding environment. In an exothermic-enhanced article, this heat results in a higher initial equilibrium temperature when the liquid is initially added. The heat produced by the exothermic reaction also adds energy to the evaporation process, causing an increase in the rate of evaporation, and hence drying rate. The higher initial equilibrium temperature and the increased process temperature both contribute to reducing the drying time and input energy of the drying process, thereby increasing the drying efficiency of the exothermic-enhanced article.
-
FIG. 1 shows results of drying time improvements that may be achieved by an exothermic enhanced article compared to a non-enhanced article of the same base material. According toFIG. 1 , both the exothermic-enhanced article (represented by curve 100) and the base material (represented by curve 102) are at about 75° F. prior to the addition of a cooling liquid atTime 0 seconds. When the cooling liquid is added to the base material, the initial equilibrium temperature is 46° F., compared to 56° F. for the exothermic-enhanced article. Furthermore, the evaporative process takes about 150 seconds to complete, compared with about 40 seconds for the exothermic-enhanced article. Moreover, the dry point temperature of the base material is substantially lower, at 59.5° F., than the 68° F. for the exothermic-enhanced article. - The exothermic-enhanced article of the present invention and the methods of making the same may be applied to produce garment products that maintain the inherent characteristics of the base materials, while simultaneously enhanced by the performance characteristics of the active particles incorporated therein.
- It is also understood that although the principles of the present invention have been illustrated using exothermic-enhanced articles in which an exothermic system is incorporated into the article itself, the present invention may be applied to drying processes as well without deviating from the principles of the invention.
- Thus, exothermic-enhanced articles and methods for making the same are provided. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than limitation.
- There are several reasons to measure the dry time of fabrics. One reason is to understand the performance of a fabric while a person is wearing a garment in order to determine a comfort level for the wearer. In general, the faster the drying time of a piece of fabric (after it becomes wet from either perspiration or external effects such as spills or rain), the higher the level of comfort of the garment. Longer dry times lead to either over cooling from the slow evaporation of the water or a persistent an uncomfortable feeling of being wet. A second reason is to determine the amount of energy or the time required to dry the garment in a dryer or other drying device. In general, faster dry times correlate to less energy consumed from the dryer or ease of drying a garment on a clothes line. Therefore, an accurate understanding or measure of the drying time of fabric is important to, for example, determine suitable uses of the fabric.
- One way in which to determine the dry time of a fabric is to monitor the weight change of the fabric. Using this method, a fabric is weighed dry and then saturated with water and the weight of the fabric is monitored until the original weight of the fabric is achieved. A second method that is used is to monitor the electrical resistance of the fabric. When the fabric is wet, the fabric will have a lower resistance, as the fabric dries the resistance increases. Both of these methods start with a saturated fabric and depend on static drying in air. Because each piece of fabric is going to absorb a different level of water (i.e., they will have different amounts of water), the starting points for measuring the dry time for each fabric will be different. In the case where a person is wearing a garment and is perspiring, the garment is not necessarily saturated with water. The person is perspiring at a specific rate and the perspiration is coming off continually. Thus, for a test to mimic this event, a set amount of water may be used in the test and a demonstration of a continuous dripping or perspiration may be needed.
- In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, a determination of when a fabric is dry may be made using temperature as a monitoring parameter. In some embodiments of the present invention, a measurement may be made to indicate when fabrics are dry after adding to the fabric a known or predetermined amount of water.
- Measuring the dry time of a fabric may be based on the cooling effect of evaporation, such as for example, when water is evaporating from a fabric. In this illustrative embodiment, the water evaporation process is endothermic and thus cools the surface of the fabric. When there is no longer any water on or in the fabric the evaporation process stops and the surface temperature of the fabric rises quickly. This inflection of the temperature is the point when the fabric may be considered dry.
- The following experiment was performed using a 6″ by 6″ fabric sample, and is intended merely to demonstrate the drying measurement process described above.
- It will be understood that the invention is by no means limited by this illustrative experiment. With reference to
FIG. 2 ,fabric 200 is mounted in anembroidery hoop 202 which is attached to afan 204.Fan 204 may be run by a DC power supply that continuously supplies about the same amount of voltage and current to fan 204.Fan 204 runs at about the same speed for every test. Athermocouple 206 with, for example, aTeflon 30 sleeve is mounted to touch the top offabric 200. A known amount of distilled water (e.g., 0.2 ml, in this example) that is at room temperature may be dropped onfabric 200 at the location ofthermocouple 206. The temperature offabric 200 is recorded by ameter 208 connected to a computer. The temperature is monitored before and after the water is added tofabric 200. The point at which the temperature drops is stated to be time zero. The point at which the temperature rises rapidly is termed the end time. The difference between the end time and time zero is the dry time. Samples are preferably measured under the same room conditions when performing comparisons. The relative humidity and room temperature all play a role in the dry time. - Advantages of this test for measuring dry time include the ability to get reproducible results, being able to obtain accurate results because of the fast inflection point, the ability to determine the start and end point because of the continual monitoring, the ability to eliminate the absorbance factor of fabrics because the comparison is based on equal amounts of water (or any other suitable liquid), and the ease of performing the measurement.
- The graph illustrated in
FIG. 3 represents data collected on several fabrics. Thecontrol fabric 300 is 100% polyester fabric,fabric 302 contains 47% Cocona yarn (i.e., activated carbon from coconut shells), andfabric 304 contains 47% yarn with a zeolite additive. All three fabrics are the same construction, same weight (135 g/m2), and same processing. Both the activated carbon and zeolite yarns contain materials which adsorb water. The adsorbance process is exothermic and adds heat to the system. In addition, the large surface area of the additives may aid in the drying of the fabric. Time zero is where the temperature begins to drop; this is when the water was dropped on the fabric. The end time is the middle of the knee of the temperature curve; this is the point when the fabric is dry. The end time minus time zero is the dry time. The dry time forcontrol fabric 300 is 110 seconds, forfabric 302 is 55 seconds, and forfabric 304 is 55 seconds. - A laboratory test is good at generating comparative data to determine the performance features of a product. However, in order to understand what the lab data represents, often a demonstration is required. To demonstrate the efficacy of the faster dry time facilitated by the present invention, a drip demonstration is provided. The drip demonstration of the present invention may involve a water dripping source that may deliver the same amount of water continually at the same rate to two or more fabrics. A liquid pump with multiple tubes (i.e., one or more per fabric) may be used to deliver the same amount of water to each fabric. The fabrics may be mounted in embroidery hoops (or in any other suitable stabilizer) on top of respective fans (or any other suitable air sources) connected to a common power source. Alternatively, multiple identical power sources may be used (e.g., one per fan). Thus, the drip demonstration of the present invention delivers the same or substantially the same amount of water and blows the same or substantially the same amount of air across the different fabric samples. The drip demonstration shows how the slow drying fabric saturates with water while the fast drying fabric is able to keep up with the perspiration or the water drip rate. The rate may be adjusted to find where the fast drying fabric reaches a steady state.
- In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 4 , a demonstration unit may include twowater delivery systems 400 and 402 (e.g., parastalic pumps, separatory funnels, or any other water delivery system) which dropwater fabrics embroidery hoops fans fans 412 or substantially the same amount of air across the different fabric samples. The drip demonstration shows how the slow drying fabric saturates with water while the fast drying fabric is able to keep up with the perspiration or the water drip rate. The rate may be adjusted to find where the fast drying fabric reaches a steady state. - In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 4 , a demonstration unit may include twowater delivery systems 400 and 402 (e.g., parastalic pumps, separatory funnels, or any other water delivery system) which dropwater fabrics embroidery hoops fans fans Water fabrics fabrics - The present invention may be used in the context of a performance-enhanced paint, and more particularly, to improving the drying time of paint by the addition of active particles.
- Paints may be classified as pigments doped into a polymer material. Generally speaking, paints are able to dry by driving off added solvents, cross-linking of the polymer system, or both. Polyurethane and polyacrylic paints are two families of paint that may 30 require the solvent, which may be organic or aqueous, to evaporate in order to dry the paint.
- In some embodiments of the present invention, additives, such as active particles that have adsorbance properties, may be added to the paint. Evaporation of the solvent may be sped up, and the dry times of these paints may be improved as a result. In these embodiments, the active particles exhibit exothermic properties when they adsorb, thereby releasing heat that aids in the evaporative process. Additives may include activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, aluminum oxide, desiccants, any other suitable material or chemical which exhibits adsorbance, or any combination thereof.
- Any suitable method or system may be used to incorporate the additives or active particles into the paint. In some embodiments, the active particles may be added to the paint to achieve the desired improved drying while avoiding premature deactivation of the active particles by encapsulating the active particles using a removable encapsulant during processing of the paint materials. A detailed description of encapsulated active particles is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/226,524, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Where active particles are encapsulated during processing of the paint, the encapsulant may be removed during drying of the paint, such as for example, during application of the paint. In some embodiments, instead of, or in addition to, incorporating additives during processing of the paint, the additives may be added at the time of use directly to the paint.
- Thus, methods and systems for measuring the dry times of fabrics as well as methods and systems for performing a drip demonstration are provided. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than limitation.
Claims (27)
1. A composition comprising:
a base material; and
active particles in contact with the base material, wherein the active particles exhibit exothermic properties that improve the moisture management properties of the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition dries faster than, or requires less drying energy than, the base material without the active particles.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the active particles comprise activated carbon or zeolites.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the active particles comprise about 0% to about 75% of the composition.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the active particles comprise about 30% to about 50% of the composition.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the active particles comprise about 0% to about 30% of the composition.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the active particles comprise about 0% to about 50% of the composition.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the active particles are selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide (activated alumina), silica gel, soda ash, aluminum trihydrate, 5 baking soda, p-methoxy-2-ethoxyethyl ester Cinnamic acid (cinoxate), zinc oxide, zeolites, titanium dioxide, molecular filter material, and any combination thereof.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the base material is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, nylons, polyacrylics, thermalplastics, PTFEs, polycarbonates, polyalkanes, poly-vinyl compounds, epoxies, siloxane based reaction polymers, glues, crosslinking polymers, fibers, cotton, acetates, acrylics, aramids, bicomponents, lyocells, melamines, modacrylics, olefins, PBIs, rayons, spandexes, water, oils, aerosols, perfumes and any combination thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of bags, foam, plastic components, upholstery, carpeting, rugs, mats, sheets, towels, rugs, pet beds, mattress pads, mattresses, curtains, filters, shoes, insoles, diapers, shirts, pants, blouses, undergarments, protective suits, and any combination thereof.
11. A method of producing an exothermically enhanced article, the method comprising: encapsulating a plurality of active particles with at least one removable encapsulant to produce encapsulated active particles, wherein the active particles are capable of exhibiting exothermic properties; and mixing the encapsulated particles with a base material to obtain a mixture, wherein the at least one removable encapsulant is removable to impart the exothermic properties of the active materials to the mixture to produce the exothermically enhanced article.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the encapsulating and the mixing are performed in a single step.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising removing at least a portion of the encapsulant from the encapsulated active particles.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the removing comprises dissolving the encapsulant or evaporating the encapsulant.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the removable encapsulant deactivates the active particles and the removing comprises reactivating the active particles.
16. A performance-enhanced paint comprising:
a solvent having diffused therein a base paint material; and
active particles in contact with the solvent, wherein the active particles exhibit exothermic properties that are capable of increasing evaporation of the solvent to produce a performance-enhanced paint having a reduced drying time.
17. The performance-enhanced paint of claim 16 , further comprising: a removable protective substance that prevents at least a portion of the active particles from being substantially deactivated by other substance or matter prior to removal of the removable protective substance, and wherein the removable protective substance is removable to reactivate the portion of active particles to produce the performance-enhanced paint.
18. The performance-enhanced paint of claim 16 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent.
19. The performance-enhanced paint of claim 16 , wherein the base paint material is selected from the group consisting of a polyurethane and a polyacrylic paint.
20. The performance-enhanced paint of claim 16 , wherein the active particles are selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide (activated alumina), silica gel, soda ash, aluminum trihydrate, baking soda, p-methoxy-2-ethoxyethyl ester Cinnamic acid (cinoxate), zinc oxide, zeolites, titanium dioxide, molecular filter material, and any combination thereof.
21. A method of producing performance-enhanced paint, the method comprising: mixing active particles that are capable of exhibiting exothermic properties with a solvent having diffused therein a base paint material to obtain a paint mixture, wherein the exothermic properties of the active particles reduce the drying time of the paint mixture.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising encapsulating a plurality of the active particles with at least one removable encapsulant to produce encapsulated active particles, wherein the encapsulated active particles improve the drying time of the paint mixture.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the encapsulating and the mixing are performed in a single step.
24. The method of claim 22 , further comprising removing at least a portion of the encapsulant from the encapsulated active particles.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the removable encapsulant deactivates the active particles, the method further comprising: removing the removable encapsulant during application or drying of the paint to reactivate the active particles.
26. The method of claim 21 , wherein mixing the active particles with the solvent having diffused therein a base paint material comprises incorporating the active particles into the solvent having diffused therein the base paint material during application or use of the paint.
27. The method of claim 21 , wherein mixing the active particles with the solvent having diffused therein a base paint material comprises incorporating the active particles into the solvent having diffused therein the base paint material during production of the paint.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/048,554 US20110180744A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2011-03-15 | Exothermic-Enhanced Articles and Methods for Making the Same |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38867802P | 2002-06-12 | 2002-06-12 | |
US10/462,105 US7247374B2 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-06-12 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US11/226,524 US20060008646A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2005-09-13 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US85962806P | 2006-11-16 | 2006-11-16 | |
US96705907P | 2007-08-30 | 2007-08-30 | |
US11/985,733 US20080121141A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2007-11-16 | Exothermic-enhanced articles and methods for making the same |
US13/048,554 US20110180744A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2011-03-15 | Exothermic-Enhanced Articles and Methods for Making the Same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/226,524 Continuation US20060008646A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2005-09-13 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110180744A1 true US20110180744A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
Family
ID=29736514
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/462,105 Active 2024-09-12 US7247374B2 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-06-12 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US11/226,524 Abandoned US20060008646A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2005-09-13 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US13/048,554 Abandoned US20110180744A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2011-03-15 | Exothermic-Enhanced Articles and Methods for Making the Same |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/462,105 Active 2024-09-12 US7247374B2 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2003-06-12 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US11/226,524 Abandoned US20060008646A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2005-09-13 | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7247374B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1531923B8 (en) |
JP (4) | JP2005532152A (en) |
KR (2) | KR101226067B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN100363085C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE477042T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003248695A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2489139C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60333759D1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04012543A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003105996A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120227856A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Russell Sinacori | Evaporative cooling towel and method of activation |
US9615611B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2017-04-11 | G-Form, LLC | Breathable impact absorbing cushioning and constructions |
US9770642B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2017-09-26 | G-Form, LLC | Flexible cushioning pads, items incorporating such pads, and methods of making and using |
Families Citing this family (54)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9434869B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2016-09-06 | Outlast Technologies, LLC | Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming thereof |
WO2003105996A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-24 | Traptek, Llc | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US20050147489A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Tian-An Chen | Wafer supporting system for semiconductor wafers |
US10335757B2 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2019-07-02 | Specialty Earth Sciences | Process for making environmental reactant(s) |
US7431849B1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2008-10-07 | Specialty Earth Sciences Llc | Encapsulated reactant and process |
JP2005246306A (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-15 | Kanai Hiroaki | Cartridge filter for removing ion and manufacturing method therefor |
US20070220674A1 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Richard Haskins | Antibacterial-based system and method for prevention of separation anxiety |
US20070220675A1 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Richard Haskins | Filtration-based system and method for prevention of separation anxiety |
CN101479331B (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2014-04-09 | 创普太克公司 | Active particle-enhanced membrane and methods for making and using same |
WO2008063557A2 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-29 | Gregory Haggquist | Exothermic-enhanced articles and methods for making the same |
JP4876296B2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2012-02-15 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Perfume beads and cigarette filters |
EP2155935B1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2012-01-25 | National University of Singapore | Fibers for decontamination of chemical and biological agents |
TWI449736B (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2014-08-21 | Haggquist Gregory | Method for determining a drying time of a first fabric and drip demonstration unit for comparing the dry time of at least two fabrics |
US20090105371A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-23 | Stephanie Luster-Teasley | Controlled release remediation system and composition |
US20090155508A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-18 | Pactiv Corporation | Encapsulated Activated Carbon and the Preparation Thereof |
CN101977521B (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2013-10-02 | 日本烟草产业株式会社 | Adsorbent for main cigarette smoke components and cigarette filter |
EP2123189A1 (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | Braun Gmbh | Toothbrush, toothbrush filament and method for manufacturing same |
US8673040B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2014-03-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter construction for use with air in-take for gas turbine and methods |
US20100050872A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Kwangyeol Lee | Filter and methods of making and using the same |
US20100319113A1 (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-12-23 | Mmi-Ipco, Llc | Chemical Protective Fabric |
US8147936B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2012-04-03 | General Electric Company | Composite membrane for chemical and biological protection |
AT508497A1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2011-01-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | PROTECTION TISSUE AGAINST ULTRAVIOLETTE RADIATION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL CELLULOSE FIBERS |
AT509554B1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2016-03-15 | Helfenberger Immobilien Llc & Co Textilforschungs Und Entwicklungs Kg | MIXTURE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FIBER |
US9993793B2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2018-06-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Delivery particles |
US9186642B2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2015-11-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Delivery particle |
US8720450B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-05-13 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material |
US20120094120A1 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-19 | PurThread Technologies, Inc. | Enhancing and preserving anti-microbial performance in fibers with pigments |
US20120164449A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Stephen Woodrow Foss | Fibers with improving anti-microbial performance |
US8927026B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2015-01-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Shampoo compositions with increased deposition of polyacrylate microcapsules |
JP2014510140A (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-04-24 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | Conditioner composition with increased adhesion of polyacrylate microcapsules |
EP2694017B1 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2019-05-22 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Personal cleansing compositions with increased deposition of polyacrylate microcapsules |
US9678047B2 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2017-06-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dye compositions |
AT512273B1 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2014-06-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | HYDROPHOBIC PLASTICS WITH CELLULOSIC HYDROPHILLATION |
CN104780950B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-09-28 | Sca卫生用品公司 | Odour controlling materials, prepare the method for odour controlling materials and comprise the absorbent products of odour controlling materials |
US20140227504A1 (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | Ivy Sau Chun LEE | Metalized yarn and method for making same |
WO2015023644A2 (en) | 2013-08-12 | 2015-02-19 | PurThread Technologies, Inc. | Antimicrobial and antifungal polymer fibers, fabrics, and methods of manufacture thereof |
JP6340654B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2018-06-13 | エスセーアー・ハイジーン・プロダクツ・アーベー | Absorbent products including odor control materials |
US9925096B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2018-03-27 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent product comprising an odor control material |
CN110158306A (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2019-08-23 | 柯科纳股份有限公司 | Introducing of the active particle into matrix |
US9878480B1 (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2018-01-30 | PurThread Technologies, Inc. | Method for making polymer feedstock usable for generation of fiber having anti-microbial properties |
US11840797B1 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2023-12-12 | Microban Products Company | Textile formulation and product with odor control |
SE1451458A1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-02 | Sto Scandinavia Ab | Procedure and means of issue |
CN106747488B (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2019-09-27 | 联合矿产(天津)有限公司 | By stabilized fire proofing composition |
US10647045B1 (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2020-05-12 | Specialty Earth Sciences, Llc | Shaped or sized encapsulated reactant and method of making |
US11185845B1 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2021-11-30 | U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Water extractable microcapsules of activated carbon, super activated carbon, and other adsorptive and reactive materials |
CZ2017817A3 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-11-21 | Adam LuÄŤanĂk | A fireproof water jacket |
WO2019125295A1 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Healthtextiles I Sverige Ab | Novel yarn and fabric |
CN108901874A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2018-11-30 | 山东瑞达硅胶有限公司 | A kind of antibacterial cat litter of deodorization and preparation method thereof |
JP6551956B1 (en) | 2019-03-30 | 2019-07-31 | 株式会社ワールドブレインズ | Power generation system |
IT201900007204A1 (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-24 | Trocellen Italia S P A | COMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD |
CN110813234A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-02-21 | 南昌师范学院 | Preparation method of antibacterial modified wheat straw biochar with amphiphilic characteristic |
US20210172095A1 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-10 | Inman Mills | Flame Retardant Fiber with Preservative and Products Formed Therefrom |
US20220136141A1 (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-05 | Elena Dimova Barakova Cowan | Fabric for garments and items providing electromagnetic radiation protection |
CN113350382A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-07 | 成都仕康美生物科技有限公司 | Intestinal fecal bacteria microcapsule and preparation method thereof |
Citations (88)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2925879A (en) * | 1944-11-06 | 1960-02-23 | Joseph L Costa | Filter medium |
US3783085A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1974-01-01 | Bondina Ltd | Protective materials |
US3817211A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1974-06-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for impregnating strands, webs, fabrics and the like |
US3865758A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1975-02-11 | Teijin Ltd | Polyurethane foam filter material containing adsorbent and method of production thereof |
US4004324A (en) * | 1969-07-16 | 1977-01-25 | The Associated Paper Mills Limited | Apparatus for producing fibrous webs |
US4099186A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1978-07-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Magnetic printing process and apparatus |
US4175055A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1979-11-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Dry mix method for making an electrochemical cell electrode |
US4201822A (en) * | 1979-06-13 | 1980-05-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Novel fabric containing microcapsules of chemical decontaminants encapsulated within semipermeable polymers |
US4244059A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-01-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Nether garment for and method of controlling crotch odors |
US4342811A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1982-08-03 | Albany International Corp. | Open-celled microporous sorbent-loaded textile fibers and films and methods of fabricating same |
US4349409A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-09-14 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and apparatus for plasma etching |
US4388370A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1983-06-14 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Electrically-conductive fibres |
US4396663A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1983-08-02 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Carbon composite article and method of making same |
US4455187A (en) * | 1982-03-27 | 1984-06-19 | Bluecher Hubert | Filter sheet material and method of making same |
US4457345A (en) * | 1981-11-14 | 1984-07-03 | Bluecher Hubert | Blended yarn containing active carbon staple fibers, and fabric woven therefrom |
US4460641A (en) * | 1983-03-21 | 1984-07-17 | Celanese Corporation | Microporous hollow fibers as protectants against toxic agents |
US4496415A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1985-01-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method for impregnating resin powder directly into a laminate lay up |
US4510193A (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1985-04-09 | Bluecher Hubert | Filter sheet material |
US4513047A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1985-04-23 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Sorbent internally ribbed carbon-containing material and protective garment fabricated therefrom |
US4550123A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1985-10-29 | Albany International Corp. | Thermally plastifiable compositions for microporous sorbent structure |
US4551191A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1985-11-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for uniformly distributing discrete particles on a moving porous web |
US4559164A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1985-12-17 | General Electric Company | Electrically conductive poly(butylene terephthalate) moldings and compositions therefor |
US4610905A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1986-09-09 | Bluecher Hubert | Yarn having specific properties |
US4645519A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1987-02-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Composite desiccant structure |
US4649077A (en) * | 1982-04-07 | 1987-03-10 | Adnovum Ag | Heat activatable multi-component sheet material & process for making same |
US4654256A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1987-03-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article containing microencapsulated materials |
US4698956A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-10-13 | Gentex Corporation | Composite yarn and method for making the same |
US4732805A (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1988-03-22 | Charcoal Cloth Ltd. | Activated carbon |
US4774133A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1988-09-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article containing microencapsulated materials |
US4898633A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1990-02-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article containing microencapsulated materials |
US4913942A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-04-03 | Jick John J | Regenerative desiccant bundle |
US4920168A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1990-04-24 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Stabilized siloxane-containing melt-extrudable thermoplastic compositions |
US5037412A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-08-06 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
US5122407A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1992-06-16 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Odor-removing cover for absorbent pads and method of making same |
US5126061A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Microcapsules containing hydrophobic liquid core |
US5134031A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1992-07-28 | Descente Ltd. | Highly moisture-absorptive fiber |
US5139543A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-08-18 | Sowinski Richard F | Method for filtering benz-a-anthracene from a gas stream |
US5161686A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1992-11-10 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Odor-absorbing web material and medical material packages containing the web material |
US5169632A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-12-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcapsules from polyfunctional aziridines |
US5249676A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1993-10-05 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Flavor burst structure and method of making the same |
US5281437A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1994-01-25 | Purification Products Limited | Production of particulate solid-bearing low density air-permeable sheet materials |
US5300192A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-04-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Wet laid fiber sheet manufacturing with reactivatable binders for binding particles to fibers |
US5300357A (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1994-04-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Durably hydrophilic, thermoplastic fiber and fabric made from said fiber |
US5304419A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1994-04-19 | Alpha Fry Ltd | Moisture and particle getter for enclosures |
US5308896A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-05-03 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders for high bulk fibers |
US5334436A (en) * | 1992-02-29 | 1994-08-02 | Helsa-Werke Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co. Kg | Flexible material including active particles, process for the production thereof, and protective clothing made therefrom |
US5334414A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-08-02 | Clemson University | Process for coating carbon fibers with pitch and composites made therefrom |
US5338340A (en) * | 1990-02-10 | 1994-08-16 | D-Mark, Inc. | Filter and method of making same |
US5342333A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1994-08-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
US5352480A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-10-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for binding particles to fibers using reactivatable binders |
US5383236A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1995-01-24 | Als Enterprises, Inc. | Odor absorbing clothing |
US5391374A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1995-02-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fragrance delivery compositions having low amounts of volatile organic compounds |
US5424388A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-06-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Pultrusion process for long fiber-reinforced nylon composites |
US5432000A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1995-07-11 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Binder coated discontinuous fibers with adhered particulate materials |
US5433953A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-07-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Microcapsules and methods for making same |
US5445876A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-08-29 | Kyricos; Christopher J. | Vapor exchange medium |
US5462538A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-10-31 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Molten adhesive fibers and products made therefrom |
US5482543A (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1996-01-09 | Laboratori Ecobios S.R.L. | Multipurpose, ecological water-paint |
US5482773A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1996-01-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Activated carbon-containing fibrids |
US5498478A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1996-03-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Polyethylene glycol as a binder material for fibers |
US5536786A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1996-07-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Adhesive beads |
US5538783A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-07-23 | Hansen; Michael R. | Non-polymeric organic binders for binding particles to fibers |
US5582644A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1996-12-10 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Hopper blender system and method for coating fibers |
US5589256A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-12-31 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders that enhance fiber densification |
US5589194A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1996-12-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of encapsulation and microcapsules produced thereby |
US5591146A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-01-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Sanitary napkin with perfume-bearing microcapsule adhesive |
US5603992A (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1997-02-18 | Cal West Equipment Company, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the temporary protection of activated surfaces |
US5605746A (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1997-02-25 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fibrous structures containing particulate and including microfiber web |
US5650030A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1997-07-22 | Kyricos; Christopher J. | Method of making a vapor and heat exchange element for air conditioning |
US5678247A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-21 | Columbus Industries Inc | Odor-absorbing clothing article |
US5709910A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1998-01-20 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Method and apparatus for the application of textile treatment compositions to textile materials |
US5714445A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1998-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Articles containing small particle size cyclodextrin for odor control |
US5766443A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1998-06-16 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Process of preparing solutions of alkali peroxide and percarbonate |
US5773031A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-06-30 | L. Perrigo Company | Acetaminophen sustained-release formulation |
US5783303A (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1998-07-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Curable water-based coating compositions and cured products thereof |
US5804625A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1998-09-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactant blends as hydrophilic additives to thermoplastic polymers |
US5804298A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1998-09-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcapsules with reduced shell wall permeability |
US5811045A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1998-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process of making multicomponent fibers containing a nucleating agent |
US5863305A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1999-01-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for manufacturing abrasive articles |
US5885681A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1999-03-23 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Molten adhesive fibers and products made therefrom |
US5891221A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1999-04-06 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Chemical reagent package and method of operation effective at removing a wide range of odors |
US5902384A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1999-05-11 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Wicking fiber with solid particulates for a high surface area odor removing filter and method of making |
US5951744A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1999-09-14 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Multicomponent depth odor control filter and method of manufacture |
US6174600B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-01-16 | Speciality Filaments, Inc. | Bristles employing particulates and brushes including same |
US6264681B1 (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 2001-07-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Genchi Kenkyusho | Foot warming exothermic device |
US20020132861A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-09-19 | Hirotaka Uchiyama | Reduction of odors from coating material |
US20040018359A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-01-29 | Haggquist Gregory W. | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US20070237738A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-11 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Low Odor Latex Paint Capable of Reducing Interior Odors |
Family Cites Families (74)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5831978B2 (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1983-07-09 | フジミケンマザイコウギヨウ カブシキガイシヤ | Kinobutsutsushihogokouzotai |
US3957593A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1976-05-18 | Keene Corporation | Method of forming an abrasive tool |
GB1523762A (en) * | 1975-02-25 | 1978-09-06 | Oce Van Der Grinten Nv | Photocopying materials |
US4022221A (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1977-05-10 | American Filtrona Corporation | Tobacco smoke filter |
JPS5951601B2 (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1984-12-14 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Method for producing oil-containing wastewater treatment material |
US4349406A (en) | 1980-11-05 | 1982-09-14 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tire building machine drum |
US4397907A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-08-09 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Multi-purpose air permeable composites |
JPS5833017B2 (en) * | 1982-05-06 | 1983-07-16 | 不二見研磨材工業株式会社 | Functional material protection structure |
JPS6014909A (en) * | 1983-07-06 | 1985-01-25 | Bridgestone Corp | Adsorbing material |
US4929502A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1990-05-29 | American Cyanamid Company | Fibrillated fibers and articles made therefrom |
JPH01256545A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-10-13 | Shinkoujin Kasei Kk | Highly functional regenerated cellulose composition |
JP2575487B2 (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1997-01-22 | 帝人株式会社 | Blood treatment material and blood purifier |
US5132125A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1992-07-21 | Southwest Research Institute | Encapsulated corn kernels and method of forming the same |
JPH0379601A (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1991-04-04 | Shinkoujin Kasei Kk | Highly functional regenerated cellulosic composition |
JPH03152274A (en) * | 1989-11-02 | 1991-06-28 | Unitika Ltd | Production of deodorizing fiber structure |
US6517859B1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 2003-02-11 | Southern Research Institute | Microcapsules for administration of neuroactive agents |
TW316931B (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1997-10-01 | Du Pont | |
US5498468A (en) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-03-12 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Fabrics composed of ribbon-like fibrous material and method to make the same |
US6180172B1 (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 2001-01-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process and apparatus for treating surfaces |
US5591347A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1997-01-07 | Unicel, Inc. | Single cell gas flotation separator with filter media |
US5696199A (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1997-12-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Pressure-sensitive adhesive polyacrylate polymer and method of making |
US5945211A (en) | 1996-02-22 | 1999-08-31 | Mitsui Mining And Smelting Co., Ltd. | Composite material carrying zinc oxide fine particles adhered thereto and method for preparing same |
JP3728475B2 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 2005-12-21 | クラレケミカル株式会社 | Adsorbent with dust filter function |
CA2251796A1 (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making a porous abrasive article |
WO1997042005A1 (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nonwoven abrasive articles |
US6079468A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-06-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber article containing a bismaleimide and a bis benzothiazolydithio end capped compound |
US5925241A (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1999-07-20 | Calgon Carbon Corporation | Floor drain odor control device |
US6409942B1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 2002-06-25 | Carmel Olefins Ltd. | Electrically conductive compositions and methods for producing same |
DE69716643T2 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2003-06-26 | Daikin Ind Ltd | FIBER MATERIALS FROM FLUORINE RESIN AND DESODORING AND ANTIBACTERIAL SURFACES MADE THEREOF |
US6355330B1 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2002-03-12 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Continuous solid state web coating process and webs produced thereby |
US6057072A (en) | 1997-03-31 | 2000-05-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Toner compositions containing activated carbons |
US6080418A (en) | 1997-04-07 | 2000-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Suspensions of microcapsules containing biologically active ingredients and adhesive microspheres |
US6027746A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2000-02-22 | Warner-Lambert Company | Chewable soft gelatin-encapsulated pharmaceutical adsorbates |
US6426025B1 (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2002-07-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Process for extruding fibers |
US5951534A (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1999-09-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article comprising touch-sensitive fragrance members |
US6043168A (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2000-03-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Internal and topical treatment system for nonwoven materials |
US6037057A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2000-03-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sheath-core polyester fiber including an antimicrobial agent |
US5919846A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-07-06 | Milliken Research Corporation | Colorant having isocyanate substituent |
US6353146B1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2002-03-05 | Playtex Products, Inc. | Fibrous articles having odor adsorbtion ability and method of making same |
AU3938399A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-13 | Imerys Minerals Limited | Particulate carbonates and their preparation and use in thermoplastic film compositions |
JP2000073234A (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-03-07 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Moisture-absorbing or releasing polyester conjugate fiber |
US6102999A (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2000-08-15 | Milliken & Company | Liquid dispersion comprising dibenzylidene sorbital acetals and ethoxylated nonionic surfactants |
JP3041694B1 (en) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-05-15 | 株式会社アオキ企画 | Method for producing synthetic fiber and method for producing synthetic fiber cloth |
US6267575B1 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2001-07-31 | Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus for the uniform deposition of particulate material in a substrate |
JP2001106520A (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-17 | Katsunobu Demura | Producing method of activated carbon molding |
JP2001159024A (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-12 | Lion Corp | Method for producing particle-containing fiber |
US6653524B2 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-11-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nonwoven materials with time release additives |
US6689378B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2004-02-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Cyclodextrins covalently bound to polysaccharides |
US6690467B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2004-02-10 | Pe Corporation | Optical system and method for optically analyzing light from a sample |
WO2001097965A1 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2001-12-27 | Bridgestone Corporation | Adsorbent, process for producing the same, and applications thereof |
US6451427B1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-09-17 | Hisato Takashima | Single fiber containing carbon powder inside the fiber, processed work and cotton work thereof, processed work and cotton work containing carbon powder on the fiber surface or in the fibers, and producing thereof |
US6855422B2 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2005-02-15 | Monte C. Magill | Multi-component fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of manufacturing thereof |
WO2002028911A2 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2002-04-11 | The University Of Akron | Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites by emulsion polymerization |
JP2002179830A (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-26 | Hagihara Industries Inc | Active carbon-containing resin foam and deodorizing agent using the same |
US20030054141A1 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2003-03-20 | Worley James Brice | Coated articles having enhanced reversible thermal properties and exhibiting improved flexibility, softness, air permeability, or water vapor transport properties |
US20030031694A1 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2003-02-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Controlled release particles |
US6541554B2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2003-04-01 | Milliken & Company | Low-shrink polypropylene fibers |
US6998155B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2006-02-14 | Traptek Llc | Woven materials with incorporated solids and processes for the production thereof |
JP3942955B2 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2007-07-11 | 萩原工業株式会社 | Activated carbon-containing stretched polyolefin resin |
AU2002367776A1 (en) | 2001-06-26 | 2003-11-03 | Traptek Llc | Imprinting methods for coating a textile with solid particles |
US20020197396A1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2002-12-26 | Haggquist Gregory W. | Treated yarn and methods for making same |
EP1283219B1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2009-03-25 | Bridgestone Corporation | Natural rubber master batch, production method thereof, and natural rubber composition |
TWI233811B (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2005-06-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Sustained release micro-porous hollow fiber and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2003119649A (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-23 | Unitica Fibers Ltd | Pleasant fabric |
US6773718B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-08-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Oil absorbent wipe with rapid visual indication |
US6767553B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-07-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Natural fibers treated with acidic odor control/binder systems |
US6692823B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2004-02-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microfibrillated articles comprising hydrophillic component |
US7357949B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2008-04-15 | Agion Technologies Inc. | Encapsulated inorganic antimicrobial additive for controlled release |
US6861520B1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2005-03-01 | Dan River, Inc. | Process for chemically bonding an odor-encapsulating agent to textiles and textiles formed by the process |
EP1639159B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2018-07-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Coated nanofiber webs |
US7169720B2 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2007-01-30 | Etchells Marc D | Moisture management system |
US20050143508A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-06-30 | General Electric Company | Resin compositions with fluoropolymer filler combinations |
US7368709B2 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2008-05-06 | Thermo Finnigan Llc | Low field mobility separation of ions using segmented cylindrical FAIMS |
US20060068124A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Cole Williams | Method of making an adsorptive membrane |
-
2003
- 2003-06-12 WO PCT/US2003/018854 patent/WO2003105996A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-06-12 AT AT03760375T patent/ATE477042T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-12 DE DE60333759T patent/DE60333759D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 KR KR1020107024666A patent/KR101226067B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-12 EP EP03760375A patent/EP1531923B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 CN CNB038135159A patent/CN100363085C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 CN CN2007101424114A patent/CN101157015B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 AU AU2003248695A patent/AU2003248695A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-12 US US10/462,105 patent/US7247374B2/en active Active
- 2003-06-12 JP JP2004512887A patent/JP2005532152A/en active Pending
- 2003-06-12 EP EP10172422.7A patent/EP2286893B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 KR KR1020047020118A patent/KR101046303B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-12 CA CA2489139A patent/CA2489139C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-12 MX MXPA04012543A patent/MXPA04012543A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2005
- 2005-09-13 US US11/226,524 patent/US20060008646A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-06-06 JP JP2006157876A patent/JP2006314996A/en active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-11-05 JP JP2010249222A patent/JP5735257B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-03-15 US US13/048,554 patent/US20110180744A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-03-30 JP JP2012082016A patent/JP2012139688A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (101)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2925879A (en) * | 1944-11-06 | 1960-02-23 | Joseph L Costa | Filter medium |
US3783085A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1974-01-01 | Bondina Ltd | Protective materials |
US4004324A (en) * | 1969-07-16 | 1977-01-25 | The Associated Paper Mills Limited | Apparatus for producing fibrous webs |
US3865758A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1975-02-11 | Teijin Ltd | Polyurethane foam filter material containing adsorbent and method of production thereof |
US4388370A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1983-06-14 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Electrically-conductive fibres |
US3817211A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1974-06-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for impregnating strands, webs, fabrics and the like |
US4099186A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1978-07-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Magnetic printing process and apparatus |
US4175055A (en) * | 1978-06-28 | 1979-11-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Dry mix method for making an electrochemical cell electrode |
US4244059A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-01-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Nether garment for and method of controlling crotch odors |
US4396663A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1983-08-02 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Carbon composite article and method of making same |
US4201822A (en) * | 1979-06-13 | 1980-05-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Novel fabric containing microcapsules of chemical decontaminants encapsulated within semipermeable polymers |
US4342811A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1982-08-03 | Albany International Corp. | Open-celled microporous sorbent-loaded textile fibers and films and methods of fabricating same |
US4342811B1 (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1985-02-10 | ||
US4550123A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1985-10-29 | Albany International Corp. | Thermally plastifiable compositions for microporous sorbent structure |
US4349409A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-09-14 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and apparatus for plasma etching |
US4457345A (en) * | 1981-11-14 | 1984-07-03 | Bluecher Hubert | Blended yarn containing active carbon staple fibers, and fabric woven therefrom |
US4559164A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1985-12-17 | General Electric Company | Electrically conductive poly(butylene terephthalate) moldings and compositions therefor |
US4455187A (en) * | 1982-03-27 | 1984-06-19 | Bluecher Hubert | Filter sheet material and method of making same |
US4649077A (en) * | 1982-04-07 | 1987-03-10 | Adnovum Ag | Heat activatable multi-component sheet material & process for making same |
US4496415A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1985-01-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method for impregnating resin powder directly into a laminate lay up |
US4610905A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1986-09-09 | Bluecher Hubert | Yarn having specific properties |
US4510193A (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1985-04-09 | Bluecher Hubert | Filter sheet material |
US4510193B1 (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1989-10-24 | ||
US4460641A (en) * | 1983-03-21 | 1984-07-17 | Celanese Corporation | Microporous hollow fibers as protectants against toxic agents |
US4513047A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1985-04-23 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Sorbent internally ribbed carbon-containing material and protective garment fabricated therefrom |
US4645519A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1987-02-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Composite desiccant structure |
US4551191A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1985-11-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for uniformly distributing discrete particles on a moving porous web |
US4732805A (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1988-03-22 | Charcoal Cloth Ltd. | Activated carbon |
US4654256A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1987-03-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article containing microencapsulated materials |
US4898633A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1990-02-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article containing microencapsulated materials |
US4774133A (en) * | 1985-02-08 | 1988-09-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Article containing microencapsulated materials |
US4698956A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-10-13 | Gentex Corporation | Composite yarn and method for making the same |
US4920168A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1990-04-24 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Stabilized siloxane-containing melt-extrudable thermoplastic compositions |
US5364380A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1994-11-15 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
US5342333A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1994-08-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
US4913942A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-04-03 | Jick John J | Regenerative desiccant bundle |
US5126061A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Microcapsules containing hydrophobic liquid core |
US5498478A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1996-03-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Polyethylene glycol as a binder material for fibers |
US5432000A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1995-07-11 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Binder coated discontinuous fibers with adhered particulate materials |
US5161686A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1992-11-10 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Odor-absorbing web material and medical material packages containing the web material |
US5037412A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-08-06 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article containing an anhydrous deodorant |
US5281437A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1994-01-25 | Purification Products Limited | Production of particulate solid-bearing low density air-permeable sheet materials |
US5338340A (en) * | 1990-02-10 | 1994-08-16 | D-Mark, Inc. | Filter and method of making same |
US5134031A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1992-07-28 | Descente Ltd. | Highly moisture-absorptive fiber |
US5122407A (en) * | 1990-06-20 | 1992-06-16 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Odor-removing cover for absorbent pads and method of making same |
US5304419A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1994-04-19 | Alpha Fry Ltd | Moisture and particle getter for enclosures |
US5591379A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1997-01-07 | Alpha Fry Limited | Moisture getting composition for hermetic microelectronic devices |
US5139543A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-08-18 | Sowinski Richard F | Method for filtering benz-a-anthracene from a gas stream |
US5169632A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-12-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcapsules from polyfunctional aziridines |
US5401505A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1995-03-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Microcapsules from polyfunctional aziridines |
US5300357A (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1994-04-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Durably hydrophilic, thermoplastic fiber and fabric made from said fiber |
US5249676A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1993-10-05 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Flavor burst structure and method of making the same |
US5482773A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1996-01-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Activated carbon-containing fibrids |
US5804298A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1998-09-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcapsules with reduced shell wall permeability |
US5539930A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1996-07-30 | Als Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for odor absorption |
US5383236A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1995-01-24 | Als Enterprises, Inc. | Odor absorbing clothing |
US5790987A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1998-08-11 | Als Enterprises, Inc. | Odor absorbing clothing |
US5582644A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1996-12-10 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Hopper blender system and method for coating fibers |
US5482543A (en) * | 1992-01-16 | 1996-01-09 | Laboratori Ecobios S.R.L. | Multipurpose, ecological water-paint |
US5334436A (en) * | 1992-02-29 | 1994-08-02 | Helsa-Werke Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co. Kg | Flexible material including active particles, process for the production thereof, and protective clothing made therefrom |
US5352480A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-10-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method for binding particles to fibers using reactivatable binders |
US5308896A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-05-03 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders for high bulk fibers |
US5609727A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1997-03-11 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Fibrous product for binding particles |
US5300192A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1994-04-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Wet laid fiber sheet manufacturing with reactivatable binders for binding particles to fibers |
US5447977A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1995-09-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders for high bulk fibers |
US5538783A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-07-23 | Hansen; Michael R. | Non-polymeric organic binders for binding particles to fibers |
US5614570A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1997-03-25 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Absorbent articles containing binder carrying high bulk fibers |
US5571618A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-11-05 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Reactivatable binders for binding particles to fibers |
US5589256A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1996-12-31 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Particle binders that enhance fiber densification |
US5605746A (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1997-02-25 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fibrous structures containing particulate and including microfiber web |
US5334414A (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-08-02 | Clemson University | Process for coating carbon fibers with pitch and composites made therefrom |
US5536786A (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1996-07-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Adhesive beads |
US5714445A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1998-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Articles containing small particle size cyclodextrin for odor control |
US5391374A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1995-02-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fragrance delivery compositions having low amounts of volatile organic compounds |
US5766443A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1998-06-16 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Process of preparing solutions of alkali peroxide and percarbonate |
US5650030A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1997-07-22 | Kyricos; Christopher J. | Method of making a vapor and heat exchange element for air conditioning |
US5445876A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-08-29 | Kyricos; Christopher J. | Vapor exchange medium |
US5424388A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-06-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Pultrusion process for long fiber-reinforced nylon composites |
US5589194A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1996-12-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of encapsulation and microcapsules produced thereby |
US5462538A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-10-31 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Molten adhesive fibers and products made therefrom |
US5681305A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1997-10-28 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Molten adhesive fibers and products made therefrom |
US5433953A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-07-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Microcapsules and methods for making same |
US5891221A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1999-04-06 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Chemical reagent package and method of operation effective at removing a wide range of odors |
US5951744A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1999-09-14 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Multicomponent depth odor control filter and method of manufacture |
US5902384A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1999-05-11 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Wicking fiber with solid particulates for a high surface area odor removing filter and method of making |
US5603992A (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1997-02-18 | Cal West Equipment Company, Inc. | Compositions and methods for the temporary protection of activated surfaces |
US5885681A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1999-03-23 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Molten adhesive fibers and products made therefrom |
US5811045A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1998-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process of making multicomponent fibers containing a nucleating agent |
US5709910A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1998-01-20 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Method and apparatus for the application of textile treatment compositions to textile materials |
US5591146A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-01-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Sanitary napkin with perfume-bearing microcapsule adhesive |
US5783303A (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1998-07-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Curable water-based coating compositions and cured products thereof |
US5773031A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-06-30 | L. Perrigo Company | Acetaminophen sustained-release formulation |
US5678247A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1997-10-21 | Columbus Industries Inc | Odor-absorbing clothing article |
US6264681B1 (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 2001-07-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Genchi Kenkyusho | Foot warming exothermic device |
US5863305A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1999-01-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for manufacturing abrasive articles |
US5804625A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1998-09-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactant blends as hydrophilic additives to thermoplastic polymers |
US6174600B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-01-16 | Speciality Filaments, Inc. | Bristles employing particulates and brushes including same |
US20020132861A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-09-19 | Hirotaka Uchiyama | Reduction of odors from coating material |
US20040018359A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-01-29 | Haggquist Gregory W. | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US7247374B2 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2007-07-24 | Traptek Llc | Encapsulated active particles and methods for making and using the same |
US20070237738A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-11 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Low Odor Latex Paint Capable of Reducing Interior Odors |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9770642B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2017-09-26 | G-Form, LLC | Flexible cushioning pads, items incorporating such pads, and methods of making and using |
US9782662B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2017-10-10 | G-Form, LLC | Flexible cushioning pads, items incorporating such pads, and methods of making and using |
US9908028B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2018-03-06 | G-Form, LLC | Flexible cushioning pads, items incorporating such pads, and methods of making and using |
US20120227856A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Russell Sinacori | Evaporative cooling towel and method of activation |
US9615611B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2017-04-11 | G-Form, LLC | Breathable impact absorbing cushioning and constructions |
US20170172228A1 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2017-06-22 | G-Form, LLC | Breathable impact absorbing cushioning and constructions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101157015A (en) | 2008-04-09 |
KR20110000688A (en) | 2011-01-04 |
CN1658948A (en) | 2005-08-24 |
KR101046303B1 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
KR20050023299A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
CN100363085C (en) | 2008-01-23 |
WO2003105996A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
JP2005532152A (en) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1531923B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
US20060008646A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
CA2489139A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
EP2286893A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
JP2011072994A (en) | 2011-04-14 |
MXPA04012543A (en) | 2005-04-19 |
AU2003248695A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
EP1531923A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
CN101157015B (en) | 2011-11-02 |
EP2286893B1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
KR101226067B1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
CA2489139C (en) | 2012-01-10 |
US7247374B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
JP2012139688A (en) | 2012-07-26 |
JP2006314996A (en) | 2006-11-24 |
JP5735257B2 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
US20040018359A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
DE60333759D1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
ATE477042T1 (en) | 2010-08-15 |
EP1531923B8 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20110180744A1 (en) | Exothermic-Enhanced Articles and Methods for Making the Same | |
US8945287B2 (en) | Active particle-enhanced membrane and methods for making and using the same | |
EP1802803A1 (en) | A fabric and a method of making the fabric | |
US20080121141A1 (en) | Exothermic-enhanced articles and methods for making the same | |
JP2003193371A (en) | Textile product for bedding or interior | |
JP3765147B2 (en) | Deodorant molded product and method for producing the same | |
JPH1060778A (en) | Deodorant textile material and its production | |
TWI589651B (en) | Performance-enhanced paint and method of producing the same | |
JP2002235278A (en) | Contact cold sensory fiber, textile product, and method for producing the same | |
JP7190830B2 (en) | Deodorant fabrics and clothing | |
EP3454660B1 (en) | Articles and methods for dispensing metal ions into laundry systems | |
US20030188450A1 (en) | Fabric softener system and method for use in clothes dryer | |
JPH0565619B2 (en) | ||
JP2003102594A (en) | Vapor/liquid water absorption heat-generating bedding | |
JPH04333663A (en) | Temperature-sensitive cloth | |
JP2004238752A (en) | Thermally insulating fiber structure having swollen touch and method for producing the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COCONA, INC., COLORADO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HAGGQUIST, GREGORY W.;REEL/FRAME:026183/0471 Effective date: 20110301 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |