US20120248212A1 - Methods and Systems for Controlling a Hybrid Heating System - Google Patents
Methods and Systems for Controlling a Hybrid Heating System Download PDFInfo
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- US20120248212A1 US20120248212A1 US13/076,240 US201113076240A US2012248212A1 US 20120248212 A1 US20120248212 A1 US 20120248212A1 US 201113076240 A US201113076240 A US 201113076240A US 2012248212 A1 US2012248212 A1 US 2012248212A1
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- heat pump
- auxiliary furnace
- balance point
- outdoor temperature
- parameter
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000009261 D 400 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
- F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1084—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems
- F24D19/1087—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems system using a heat pump
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- refrigerant alternately absorbs and rejects thermal energy as it circulates through the system and is compressed, condensed, expanded, and evaporated.
- a liquid refrigerant flows from a condenser, through an expansion device (e.g., expansion valve) and into an evaporator.
- expansion device e.g., expansion valve
- the pressure of the refrigerant decreases, the refrigerant phase changes into a gas, and the refrigerant absorbs thermal energy.
- the gaseous refrigerant proceeds to a compressor, and then back to the condenser.
- the pressure of the refrigerant is increased, the refrigerant phase changes back into a liquid, and the refrigerant gives up thermal energy.
- the process is implemented to emit thermal energy into a space (e.g., to heat a house) or to remove thermal energy from a space (e.g., to air condition a house).
- HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
- a hybrid heating system includes a heat pump and an auxiliary furnace.
- the hybrid heating system also includes a controller coupled to the heat pump and the auxiliary furnace. The controller, in response to receiving a heat request, selects either the heat pump or the auxiliary furnace based on an economic balance point algorithm.
- a control system for a hybrid heating system includes economic balance point logic configured to determine an outdoor temperature threshold at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating a heat pump.
- the control system also includes selection logic configured to select, in response to a heat request, either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the outdoor temperature threshold.
- a method for controlling a hybrid heating system includes determining, by a controller, an outdoor temperature threshold at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating a heat pump. The method also includes receiving, by the controller, a heat request. The method also includes selecting, by the controller, either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the determined outdoor temperature threshold.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an HVAC system with hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 2 illustrates a control system configuration for the HVAC system of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a system in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure
- FIGS. 4A-4J show windows of a user interface program for controlling hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 5 shows a method in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an HVAC system 100 with hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- refrigerant cycles through a heat pump comprising outdoor coil 102 , compressor 106 , indoor coil 122 , and expansion valve 112 .
- the arrows 104 , 108 , 110 and 114 show the direction of flow for refrigerant in a heating cycle. For a cooling cycle, the direction of flow for refrigerant in HVAC system 100 would be reversed.
- the outdoor coil 102 causes refrigerant to evaporate. As the liquid refrigerant evaporates it pulls heat from the outside air.
- the gaseous refrigerant flows (arrow 104 ) from the outdoor coil 102 to compressor 106 , where the gaseous refrigerant is compressed to produce a high-pressure, superheated refrigerant vapor.
- the vapor leaves compressor 106 and flows (arrow 108 ) to the indoor coil 122 .
- air from fan (blower) 124 removes heat from the vapor (warming the indoor air) and, when enough heat is removed, the vapor condenses into a high-pressure liquid.
- This high-pressure liquid flows (arrow 110 ) from the indoor coil 122 to the expansion valve 112 , which meters the flow (arrow 114 ) of the high-pressure liquid to the outdoor coil 102 .
- the heating cycle process described herein can be repeated as needed.
- the heating cycle of HVAC system 100 may be activated and/or maintained in response to a thermostat control signal.
- the indoor coil 122 and the fan 124 may be components of an air handler 120 .
- the air handler 120 may also comprise an auxiliary furnace 126 , which is selectively activated as part of a hybrid heating scheme as disclosed herein.
- the auxiliary furnace 126 may be separate from the air handler 120 .
- the auxiliary furnace 126 may be selectively activated (e.g., instead of the heat pump components) based on an economic balance point algorithm.
- the economic balance point algorithm determines when operating the heat pump of HVAC system 100 is more expensive to run than the auxiliary furnace 126 .
- the economic balance point algorithm causes the auxiliary furnace 126 to run instead of the heat pump.
- the economic balance point algorithm also may account for user inputs to adjust or override the determined economic balance point as described herein.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a control system configuration 200 for the HVAC system 100 of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- the control system configuration 200 illustrates a hierarchical control for HVAC systems, including those with hybrid heating as disclosed herein.
- the thermostat 202 operates as the overall system controller of configuration 200 and is configured to communicate with an indoor subsystem controller 222 of indoor subsystem 220 and an outdoor subsystem controller 212 of outdoor subsystem 210 .
- the indoor subsystem 220 may comprise, for example, indoor heat pump components 224 (e.g., indoor coil 122 and fan 124 ) and auxiliary furnace components 226 (e.g., auxiliary furnace 126 ) such as those described for FIG. 1 .
- the outdoor subsystem 210 comprises outdoor heat pump components 214 such as the compressor 106 and the outdoor coil 102 described for FIG. 1 .
- the indoor subsystem controller 222 implements some or all of the economic balance point algorithm features described herein.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a system 300 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- the system 300 comprises a controller 310 coupled to a hybrid heating system 320 having a heat pump 322 and an auxiliary furnace 324 .
- the controller 310 and the user interface 302 corresponds to the indoor subsystem controller 222 of FIG. 2 .
- the user interface 302 corresponds to an interface on a thermostat or other control unit that enables user interaction to control operations of the hybrid heating system 320 .
- the user interface 302 may correspond to a computer program or web portal accessible via a handheld computing device (e.g., a smart phone), a laptop and/or a desktop computer.
- a handheld computing device e.g., a smart phone
- the controller 310 comprises economic balance point logic 312 configured to select whether to operate the heat pump 322 or the auxiliary furnace 324 in response to a heat request.
- the economic balance point logic 312 employs control parameters 314 to determine when operating heat pump 322 is more expensive than operating auxiliary furnace 324 .
- Values for the control parameters 314 may be based on previously stored default values and/or dynamic values received via a user interface 302 coupled to the controller 310 .
- the control parameters 314 may correspond to an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter, and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter. Using such control parameters 314 , the economic balance point logic 312 determines an outdoor temperature balance point at which operating the heat pump 322 is more expensive than operating the auxiliary furnace 324 .
- the selection logic 316 coupled to the economic balance point logic 312 may receive a recommendation or control signal from the economic balance point logic 312 .
- the selection logic 316 asserts a control signal to activate either the heat pump 322 or the auxiliary furnace 324 .
- the heat pump 322 and the auxiliary furnace 324 are independently activated, but are not typically operated together.
- the selection logic 316 is also configured to receive a manually selected control scheme for the hybrid heating system 320 from the user interface 302 .
- the manually selected control scheme may correspond to adjusting or overriding the determined outdoor temperature balance point discussed previously.
- the user interface 302 enables a user to selectively disable and enable the economic balance point algorithm performed by the economic balance point logic 312 .
- the user interface 302 enables a user to manually set an outdoor temperature at which the auxiliary furnace 324 operates in response to a heat request instead of the heat pump 322 .
- the user interface 302 enables a user to manually select a thermostat control algorithm instead of the economic balance point algorithm for control of the hybrid heating system 320 .
- the thermostat control algorithm (e.g., implemented by thermostat 302 ) may, for each heating cycle, initialize a first heating stage in which the heat pump 322 is active without the auxiliary furnace 324 and, if needed, initialize a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace 324 is active without the heat pump 322 .
- FIGS. 4A-4J show windows of a user interface program for controlling hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- the user interface program may be part of the user interface 302 described for FIG. 3 .
- window 400 A shows a “settings” menu including a dual fuel icon 402 that can be selected by clicking on it. Selection of the dual fuel icon 402 enables a user to adjust control features for a hybrid heating system (e.g., the hybrid heating system 320 of FIG. 3 ).
- the other icons of FIG. 4A correspond to other control features or utilities accessible via the user interface program.
- window 400 B shows a dual fuel menu that appears in response to clicking the dual fuel icon 402 of FIG. 4A .
- the dual fuel menu of window 400 B enables a user to manually adjust control features and/or control parameter values for a hybrid heating system. For example, clicking on the comfort box 408 and then clicking the “next” button 410 A enables a user to pass control of the hybrid heating system to a thermostat (e.g., thermostat 202 of FIG. 2 ).
- a thermostat e.g., thermostat 202 of FIG. 2
- the thermostat may implement a thermostat control algorithm that, for each heating cycle, initializes a first heating stage in which the heat pump 322 is active without the auxiliary furnace 324 . If needed (e.g., when the heat pump 322 is insufficient), the thermostat control algorithm initializes a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace is active without the heat pump.
- Control parameters e.g., control parameters 314 of FIG. 3
- selection of the operating cost box 404 causes implementation of the economic cost balance algorithm for the hybrid heating system 320 .
- the control parameter values for the economic balance point algorithm are input by a user via the user interface program as shown in the windows of FIGS. 4C-4F . Additionally or alternatively, one or more default values may be provided in the user interface program for the economic balance point algorithm as shown in the windows of FIGS. 4G-4H .
- FIGS. 4C-4H show various windows that enable selection of control parameter values for an economic balance point algorithm.
- the windows of FIGS. 4C-4H may be displayed in series, for example, after clicking on the operating cost box 404 and the “next” box 410 A.
- the window 400 C enables a user to select a gas furnace box 412 or an oil furnace box 414 .
- the economic balance point algorithm accounts for the type of fuel used with the auxiliary furnace 324 .
- the window 400 E of FIG. 4E is displayed by the user interface program.
- the window 400 F is displayed by the user interface program.
- selection of the “back” button 416 A causes the dual fuel menu window 400 B to be displayed again.
- FIG. 4D a window 400 D with an electricity cost utility 418 is shown.
- the electricity cost utility 418 enables a user to enter an electricity cost (dollars/kwh). After entering the electricity cost, a user selects the “next” button 410 C to use the entered electricity cost with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the electricity cost is used to determine a cost of operating the heat pump 322 .
- selection of the “back” button 416 B causes window 400 C to be displayed again.
- a window 400 E with a gas cost utility 422 is shown.
- the window 400 E is displayed if the gas furnace box 412 is selected in window 400 C.
- the gas cost utility 422 enables a user to enter a natural gas cost in dollars/therm by clicking the “natural gas $/therm” button 420 .
- the gas cost utility 422 enables a user to enter a natural gas cost in dollars/MCF by clicking the “natural gas $/MFC” button 424 .
- the gas cost utility 422 enables a user to enter a propane gas cost in dollars/gallon by clicking the “propane gas $/gal” button 426 .
- a user After entering a gas cost, a user selects the “next” button 410 D to use the entered gas cost with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the gas cost is used to determine a cost of operating the auxiliary furnace 324 . In window 400 E, selection of the “back” button 416 C causes window 400 D to be displayed again.
- a window 400 F with an oil cost utility 430 is shown.
- the window 400 F is displayed if the oil furnace box 414 is selected in window 400 C.
- the oil cost utility 430 enables a user to enter a fuel oil cost in dollars/gallon by clicking the “fuel oil $/gal” button 428 .
- the “fuel oil $/gal” button 428 need not be clicked since only one fuel oil cost option is provided.
- a user selects the “next” button 410 E to use the entered fuel oil cost with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the fuel oil cost is used to determine a cost of operating the auxiliary furnace 324 .
- selection of the “back” button 416 D causes screenshot 400 D to be displayed again.
- a window 400 G with an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) rating utility 432 is shown.
- the AFUE rating utility 432 enables a user to adjust an AFUE rating corresponding to the auxiliary furnace 324 .
- the AFUE rating for the AFUE rating utility 432 may be initially set to a default value (e.g., 78) and may be adjusted within a predetermined range (e.g., 78-98).
- a user selects the “next” button 410 F to use the entered AFUE rating with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the AFUE rating is used to determine a cost of operating the auxiliary furnace 324 .
- selection of the “back” button 416 E causes either window 400 E or window 400 F to be displayed again.
- a window 400 H with a Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) rating utility 434 is shown.
- the HSPF rating utility 434 enables a user to adjust an HSPF rating corresponding to the heat pump 322 .
- the HSPF rating for the HSPF rating utility 434 may be initially set to a default value (e.g., 7.7) and may be adjusted within a predetermined range (e.g., 7.7-12).
- a user selects the “next” button 410 G to use the entered HSPF rating with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the HSPF rating is used to determine a cost of operating the heat pump 322 .
- selection of the “back” button 416 F causes the window 400 G to be displayed again.
- a window 400 I with a determined outdoor temperature balance point utility 436 is shown.
- the determined outdoor temperature balance point utility 436 shows results of an outdoor temperature balance point determined by the economic balance point algorithm (referred to as the “furnace heating outdoor temperature” in utility 436 ) based on control parameter values entered via the user interface program (e.g., via the utilities of window 400 D- 400 H).
- the determined outdoor balance point utility 436 also enables a user to adjust the determined outdoor temperature balance point up or down.
- the user selects the “accept” button 438 A.
- the user may alternatively click the “cancel” button 440 A to cancel use of the determined outdoor temperature balance point or adjusted outdoor temperature balance point to control a hybrid heating system 320 .
- FIG. 4J shows a window 400 J with a custom outdoor temperature balance point utility 437 .
- the custom outdoor temperature balance point utility 437 enables a user to select a custom outdoor temperature balance point (referred to as the “furnace heating outdoor temperature” in utility 437 ) between 0-70 degrees Fahrenheit. Other temperature ranges could or selection means could alternatively be used.
- windows 400 C- 400 J describe various features and utilities in a particular order, the windows presented herein are not intended to limit other user interface embodiments that may implement an economic balance point algorithm as described herein. In other words, user interface embodiments may vary with regard to how information is presented to a user and how a user enters information.
- FIG. 5 shows a method 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- the method 500 may be performed by a controller (e.g., controller 310 ) or control system for hybrid fuel heating of an HVAC system as described herein.
- the method 500 comprises determining an outdoor temperature balance point at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive that operating a heat pump (block 502 ).
- the determined outdoor temperature balance point may be based on control parameters such as an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter.
- a heat request is received.
- an auxiliary furnace or heat pump is selected (responsive to the heat request) based on the determined outdoor temperature balance point (block 506 ).
- the method 500 may enable determination of the outdoor temperature balance point to be disabled or overridden by a user. For example, a user may enter a custom outdoor temperature balance point. Further, a user may select to implement a thermostat control scheme instead of an economic balance point algorithm.
- the thermostat control scheme comprises, for example, initializing a first heating stage in which the heat pump is active without the auxiliary furnace. If needed, thermostat control scheme initializes a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace is active without the heat pump.
- R Rl+k*(Ru ⁇ Rl)
- k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent, . . . 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent, . . . , 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent.
- any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined in the above is also specifically disclosed.
Abstract
In at least some embodiments, a hybrid heating system includes a heat pump and an auxiliary furnace. The system also includes a controller coupled to the heat pump and the auxiliary furnace. The controller, in response to receiving a heat request, selects either the heat pump or the auxiliary furnace based on an economic balance point algorithm.
Description
- Not applicable.
- Not applicable.
- Not applicable.
- In a heat pump and refrigeration cycle, refrigerant alternately absorbs and rejects thermal energy as it circulates through the system and is compressed, condensed, expanded, and evaporated. In particular, a liquid refrigerant flows from a condenser, through an expansion device (e.g., expansion valve) and into an evaporator. As the refrigerant flows through the expansion device and evaporator, the pressure of the refrigerant decreases, the refrigerant phase changes into a gas, and the refrigerant absorbs thermal energy. From the evaporator, the gaseous refrigerant proceeds to a compressor, and then back to the condenser. As the refrigerant flows through the compressor and condenser, the pressure of the refrigerant is increased, the refrigerant phase changes back into a liquid, and the refrigerant gives up thermal energy. The process is implemented to emit thermal energy into a space (e.g., to heat a house) or to remove thermal energy from a space (e.g., to air condition a house).
- In a heating cycle, the efficiency of a heat pump system is reduced as the outdoor temperature drops. In other words, for every heat pump system, there is an outdoor temperature threshold (referred to herein as “the thermal balance point”) below which the heat pump system is no longer effective. Accordingly, some heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems implement a hybrid (or dual) fuel system for heating, which comprises a heat pump system and an auxiliary furnace. The auxiliary furnace may burn gas, oil, propane or other combustibles. With the auxiliary furnace, the hybrid fuel system is capable of heating an indoor environment even if the outdoor temperature drops below the thermal balance point of the heat pump system.
- In at least some embodiments, a hybrid heating system includes a heat pump and an auxiliary furnace. The hybrid heating system also includes a controller coupled to the heat pump and the auxiliary furnace. The controller, in response to receiving a heat request, selects either the heat pump or the auxiliary furnace based on an economic balance point algorithm.
- In at least some embodiments, a control system for a hybrid heating system includes economic balance point logic configured to determine an outdoor temperature threshold at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating a heat pump. The control system also includes selection logic configured to select, in response to a heat request, either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the outdoor temperature threshold.
- In at least some embodiments, a method for controlling a hybrid heating system includes determining, by a controller, an outdoor temperature threshold at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating a heat pump. The method also includes receiving, by the controller, a heat request. The method also includes selecting, by the controller, either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the determined outdoor temperature threshold.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an HVAC system with hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a control system configuration for the HVAC system ofFIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a system in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; -
FIGS. 4A-4J show windows of a user interface program for controlling hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; and -
FIG. 5 shows a method in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 1 illustrates anHVAC system 100 with hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In theHVAC system 100, refrigerant cycles through a heat pump comprisingoutdoor coil 102,compressor 106,indoor coil 122, andexpansion valve 112. Thearrows HVAC system 100 would be reversed. - In a heating cycle, the
outdoor coil 102 causes refrigerant to evaporate. As the liquid refrigerant evaporates it pulls heat from the outside air. The gaseous refrigerant flows (arrow 104) from theoutdoor coil 102 tocompressor 106, where the gaseous refrigerant is compressed to produce a high-pressure, superheated refrigerant vapor. The vapor leavescompressor 106 and flows (arrow 108) to theindoor coil 122. At theindoor coil 122, air from fan (blower) 124 removes heat from the vapor (warming the indoor air) and, when enough heat is removed, the vapor condenses into a high-pressure liquid. This high-pressure liquid flows (arrow 110) from theindoor coil 122 to theexpansion valve 112, which meters the flow (arrow 114) of the high-pressure liquid to theoutdoor coil 102. The heating cycle process described herein can be repeated as needed. For example, the heating cycle ofHVAC system 100 may be activated and/or maintained in response to a thermostat control signal. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , theindoor coil 122 and thefan 124 may be components of anair handler 120. Theair handler 120 may also comprise anauxiliary furnace 126, which is selectively activated as part of a hybrid heating scheme as disclosed herein. Alternatively, theauxiliary furnace 126 may be separate from theair handler 120. In either case, theauxiliary furnace 126 may be selectively activated (e.g., instead of the heat pump components) based on an economic balance point algorithm. In operation, the economic balance point algorithm determines when operating the heat pump ofHVAC system 100 is more expensive to run than theauxiliary furnace 126. In such case, the economic balance point algorithm causes theauxiliary furnace 126 to run instead of the heat pump. The economic balance point algorithm also may account for user inputs to adjust or override the determined economic balance point as described herein. -
FIG. 2 illustrates acontrol system configuration 200 for theHVAC system 100 ofFIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Thecontrol system configuration 200 illustrates a hierarchical control for HVAC systems, including those with hybrid heating as disclosed herein. As shown, thethermostat 202 operates as the overall system controller ofconfiguration 200 and is configured to communicate with anindoor subsystem controller 222 ofindoor subsystem 220 and anoutdoor subsystem controller 212 ofoutdoor subsystem 210. Theindoor subsystem 220 may comprise, for example, indoor heat pump components 224 (e.g.,indoor coil 122 and fan 124) and auxiliary furnace components 226 (e.g., auxiliary furnace 126) such as those described forFIG. 1 . Meanwhile, theoutdoor subsystem 210 comprises outdoorheat pump components 214 such as thecompressor 106 and theoutdoor coil 102 described forFIG. 1 . In at least some embodiments, theindoor subsystem controller 222 implements some or all of the economic balance point algorithm features described herein. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of asystem 300 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown, thesystem 300 comprises acontroller 310 coupled to ahybrid heating system 320 having aheat pump 322 and anauxiliary furnace 324. In at least some embodiments, thecontroller 310 and theuser interface 302 corresponds to theindoor subsystem controller 222 ofFIG. 2 . In various embodiments, theuser interface 302 corresponds to an interface on a thermostat or other control unit that enables user interaction to control operations of thehybrid heating system 320. Alternatively, theuser interface 302 may correspond to a computer program or web portal accessible via a handheld computing device (e.g., a smart phone), a laptop and/or a desktop computer. - As shown, the
controller 310 comprises economicbalance point logic 312 configured to select whether to operate theheat pump 322 or theauxiliary furnace 324 in response to a heat request. In accordance with at least some embodiments, the economicbalance point logic 312 employscontrol parameters 314 to determine when operatingheat pump 322 is more expensive than operatingauxiliary furnace 324. Values for thecontrol parameters 314 may be based on previously stored default values and/or dynamic values received via auser interface 302 coupled to thecontroller 310. As an example, thecontrol parameters 314 may correspond to an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter, and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter. Usingsuch control parameters 314, the economicbalance point logic 312 determines an outdoor temperature balance point at which operating theheat pump 322 is more expensive than operating theauxiliary furnace 324. - The outdoor temperature balance point may be determined before or after a heat request is received. In either case, the economic
balance point logic 312 may respond to a heat request by comparing a current outdoor temperature with the determined outdoor temperature balance point, and then selecting either the heat pump or the auxiliary furnace based on the comparison. - More specifically, in
FIG. 3 , theselection logic 316 coupled to the economicbalance point logic 312 may receive a recommendation or control signal from the economicbalance point logic 312. In response to a control signal from the economicbalance point logic 312, theselection logic 316 asserts a control signal to activate either theheat pump 322 or theauxiliary furnace 324. In accordance with at least some embodiments, theheat pump 322 and theauxiliary furnace 324 are independently activated, but are not typically operated together. - The
selection logic 316 is also configured to receive a manually selected control scheme for thehybrid heating system 320 from theuser interface 302. The manually selected control scheme may correspond to adjusting or overriding the determined outdoor temperature balance point discussed previously. In other words, theuser interface 302 enables a user to selectively disable and enable the economic balance point algorithm performed by the economicbalance point logic 312. Additionally or alternatively, theuser interface 302 enables a user to manually set an outdoor temperature at which theauxiliary furnace 324 operates in response to a heat request instead of theheat pump 322. Additionally or alternatively, theuser interface 302 enables a user to manually select a thermostat control algorithm instead of the economic balance point algorithm for control of thehybrid heating system 320. The thermostat control algorithm (e.g., implemented by thermostat 302) may, for each heating cycle, initialize a first heating stage in which theheat pump 322 is active without theauxiliary furnace 324 and, if needed, initialize a second heating stage in which theauxiliary furnace 324 is active without theheat pump 322. -
FIGS. 4A-4J show windows of a user interface program for controlling hybrid heating in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The user interface program may be part of theuser interface 302 described forFIG. 3 . InFIG. 4A ,window 400A shows a “settings” menu including adual fuel icon 402 that can be selected by clicking on it. Selection of thedual fuel icon 402 enables a user to adjust control features for a hybrid heating system (e.g., thehybrid heating system 320 ofFIG. 3 ). The other icons ofFIG. 4A correspond to other control features or utilities accessible via the user interface program. - In
FIG. 4B ,window 400B shows a dual fuel menu that appears in response to clicking thedual fuel icon 402 ofFIG. 4A . The dual fuel menu ofwindow 400B enables a user to manually adjust control features and/or control parameter values for a hybrid heating system. For example, clicking on thecomfort box 408 and then clicking the “next”button 410A enables a user to pass control of the hybrid heating system to a thermostat (e.g.,thermostat 202 ofFIG. 2 ). When the thermostat controls the hybrid heating system, use of the economic balance point algorithm is temporarily disabled or is otherwise ignored. The thermostat may implement a thermostat control algorithm that, for each heating cycle, initializes a first heating stage in which theheat pump 322 is active without theauxiliary furnace 324. If needed (e.g., when theheat pump 322 is insufficient), the thermostat control algorithm initializes a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace is active without the heat pump. - Clicking on the
operating cost box 404 and then clicking on the “next”button 410A enables a user to input values for control parameters (e.g.,control parameters 314 ofFIG. 3 ) of an economic balance point algorithm. In other words, selection of theoperating cost box 404 causes implementation of the economic cost balance algorithm for thehybrid heating system 320. The control parameter values for the economic balance point algorithm are input by a user via the user interface program as shown in the windows ofFIGS. 4C-4F . Additionally or alternatively, one or more default values may be provided in the user interface program for the economic balance point algorithm as shown in the windows ofFIGS. 4G-4H . -
FIGS. 4C-4H show various windows that enable selection of control parameter values for an economic balance point algorithm. The windows ofFIGS. 4C-4H may be displayed in series, for example, after clicking on theoperating cost box 404 and the “next”box 410A. InFIG. 4C , thewindow 400C enables a user to select agas furnace box 412 or anoil furnace box 414. In other words, the economic balance point algorithm accounts for the type of fuel used with theauxiliary furnace 324. Upon clicking thegas furnace box 412 and the “next”button 410B, thewindow 400E ofFIG. 4E is displayed by the user interface program. Alternatively, upon clicking theoil furnace box 414 and the “next”button 410B, thewindow 400F is displayed by the user interface program. Inwindow 400C, selection of the “back”button 416A causes the dualfuel menu window 400B to be displayed again. - In
FIG. 4D , awindow 400D with anelectricity cost utility 418 is shown. Theelectricity cost utility 418 enables a user to enter an electricity cost (dollars/kwh). After entering the electricity cost, a user selects the “next”button 410C to use the entered electricity cost with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the electricity cost is used to determine a cost of operating theheat pump 322. Inscreenshot 400D, selection of the “back”button 416B causeswindow 400C to be displayed again. - In
FIG. 4E , awindow 400E with agas cost utility 422 is shown. Thewindow 400E is displayed if thegas furnace box 412 is selected inwindow 400C. Thegas cost utility 422 enables a user to enter a natural gas cost in dollars/therm by clicking the “natural gas $/therm”button 420. Alternatively, thegas cost utility 422 enables a user to enter a natural gas cost in dollars/MCF by clicking the “natural gas $/MFC”button 424. Alternatively, thegas cost utility 422 enables a user to enter a propane gas cost in dollars/gallon by clicking the “propane gas $/gal”button 426. After entering a gas cost, a user selects the “next”button 410D to use the entered gas cost with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the gas cost is used to determine a cost of operating theauxiliary furnace 324. Inwindow 400E, selection of the “back”button 416C causeswindow 400D to be displayed again. - In
FIG. 4F , awindow 400F with anoil cost utility 430 is shown. Thewindow 400F is displayed if theoil furnace box 414 is selected inwindow 400C. Theoil cost utility 430 enables a user to enter a fuel oil cost in dollars/gallon by clicking the “fuel oil $/gal”button 428. Alternatively, the “fuel oil $/gal”button 428 need not be clicked since only one fuel oil cost option is provided. After entering a fuel oil cost, a user selects the “next”button 410E to use the entered fuel oil cost with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the fuel oil cost is used to determine a cost of operating theauxiliary furnace 324. Inwindow 400F, selection of the “back”button 416D causesscreenshot 400D to be displayed again. - In
FIG. 4G , awindow 400G with an Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE)rating utility 432 is shown. TheAFUE rating utility 432 enables a user to adjust an AFUE rating corresponding to theauxiliary furnace 324. The AFUE rating for theAFUE rating utility 432 may be initially set to a default value (e.g., 78) and may be adjusted within a predetermined range (e.g., 78-98). After entering an AFUE rating, a user selects the “next”button 410F to use the entered AFUE rating with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the AFUE rating is used to determine a cost of operating theauxiliary furnace 324. Inwindow 400G, selection of the “back”button 416E causes eitherwindow 400E orwindow 400F to be displayed again. - In
FIG. 4H , awindow 400H with a Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF)rating utility 434 is shown. TheHSPF rating utility 434 enables a user to adjust an HSPF rating corresponding to theheat pump 322. The HSPF rating for theHSPF rating utility 434 may be initially set to a default value (e.g., 7.7) and may be adjusted within a predetermined range (e.g., 7.7-12). After entering an HSPF rating, a user selects the “next”button 410G to use the entered HSPF rating with the economic balance point algorithm. More specifically, the HSPF rating is used to determine a cost of operating theheat pump 322. Inwindow 400H, selection of the “back”button 416F causes thewindow 400G to be displayed again. - In
FIG. 4I , a window 400I with a determined outdoor temperaturebalance point utility 436 is shown. The determined outdoor temperaturebalance point utility 436 shows results of an outdoor temperature balance point determined by the economic balance point algorithm (referred to as the “furnace heating outdoor temperature” in utility 436) based on control parameter values entered via the user interface program (e.g., via the utilities ofwindow 400D-400H). The determined outdoorbalance point utility 436 also enables a user to adjust the determined outdoor temperature balance point up or down. To accept the determined outdoor temperature balance point or an adjusted outdoor temperature balance point, the user selects the “accept”button 438A. The user may alternatively click the “cancel”button 440A to cancel use of the determined outdoor temperature balance point or adjusted outdoor temperature balance point to control ahybrid heating system 320. - Returning to
FIG. 4B , clicking on theoutdoor temperature box 406 and then clicking on the “next”button 410A enables a user to manually set an outdoor temperature balance point. When the outdoor temperature is at or above the outdoor temperature balance point, theheat pump 322 is selected in response to a heat request. When the outdoor temperature is below the outdoor temperature balance point, theauxiliary furnace 324 is selected in response to a heat request.FIG. 4J shows awindow 400J with a custom outdoor temperaturebalance point utility 437. The custom outdoor temperaturebalance point utility 437 enables a user to select a custom outdoor temperature balance point (referred to as the “furnace heating outdoor temperature” in utility 437) between 0-70 degrees Fahrenheit. Other temperature ranges could or selection means could alternatively be used. Once a custom outdoor temperature balance point is selected inutility 437, a user clicks the “accept”button 438B to implement use of the custom outdoor temperature balance point. The user may alternatively click the “cancel”button 440B to cancel use of a custom temperature balance point. - Although
windows 400C-400J describe various features and utilities in a particular order, the windows presented herein are not intended to limit other user interface embodiments that may implement an economic balance point algorithm as described herein. In other words, user interface embodiments may vary with regard to how information is presented to a user and how a user enters information. -
FIG. 5 shows amethod 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Themethod 500 may be performed by a controller (e.g., controller 310) or control system for hybrid fuel heating of an HVAC system as described herein. As shown, themethod 500 comprises determining an outdoor temperature balance point at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive that operating a heat pump (block 502). The determined outdoor temperature balance point may be based on control parameters such as an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter. Atblock 504, a heat request is received. Finally, an auxiliary furnace or heat pump is selected (responsive to the heat request) based on the determined outdoor temperature balance point (block 506). - In at least some embodiments, the
method 500 may enable determination of the outdoor temperature balance point to be disabled or overridden by a user. For example, a user may enter a custom outdoor temperature balance point. Further, a user may select to implement a thermostat control scheme instead of an economic balance point algorithm. The thermostat control scheme comprises, for example, initializing a first heating stage in which the heat pump is active without the auxiliary furnace. If needed, thermostat control scheme initializes a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace is active without the heat pump. - Preferred embodiments have been described herein in sufficient detail, it is believed, to enable one skilled in the art to practice the disclosed embodiments. Although preferred embodiments have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will also recognize that various substitutions and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
- At least one embodiment is disclosed and variations, combinations, and/or modifications of the embodiment(s) and/or features of the embodiment(s) made by a person having ordinary skill in the art are within the scope of the disclosure. Alternative embodiments that result from combining, integrating, and/or omitting features of the embodiment(s) are also within the scope of the disclosure. Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations should be understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations (e.g., from about 1 to about 10 includes, 2, 3, 4, etc.; greater than 0.10 includes 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, etc.). For example, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit, Rl, and an upper limit, Ru, is disclosed, any number falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, the following numbers within the range are specifically disclosed: R=Rl+k*(Ru−Rl), wherein k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent, . . . 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent, . . . , 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent. Moreover, any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined in the above is also specifically disclosed. Use of the term “optionally” with respect to any element of a claim means that the element is required, or alternatively, the element is not required, both alternatives being within the scope of the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, and having should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, and comprised substantially of. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but is defined by the claims that follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated as further disclosure into the specification and the claims are embodiment(s) of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. A hybrid heating system, comprising:
a heat pump;
an auxiliary furnace; and
a controller coupled to the heat pump and the auxiliary furnace,
wherein the controller, in response to receiving a heat request, selects either the heat pump or the auxiliary furnace based on an economic balance point algorithm.
2. The hybrid heating system of claim 1 wherein the economic balance point algorithm comprises an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter, and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter.
3. The hybrid heating system of claim 2 wherein the economic balance point algorithm implements default values for at least one of the auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, the heat pump electricity cost parameter, the heat pump efficiency parameter, and the auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter.
4. The hybrid heating system of claim 2 wherein the controller comprises a user interface and wherein values for at least one of the auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, the heat pump electricity cost parameter, the heat pump efficiency parameter, and the auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter are based on user input via the user interface.
5. The hybrid heating system of claim 1 wherein the economic balance point algorithm determines an outdoor temperature balance point at which operating the auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating the heat pump.
6. The hybrid heating system of claim 5 wherein the controller, in response to receiving a heat request, compares a current outdoor temperature with a previously determined outdoor temperature balance point and selects either the heat pump or the auxiliary furnace based on the comparison.
7. The hybrid heating system of claim 1 wherein the controller comprises a user interface that enables a user to selectively disable and enable the economic balance point algorithm.
8. The hybrid heating system of claim 1 wherein the controller couples to a user interface that enables a user to manually set an outdoor temperature at which the auxiliary furnace operates in response to a heat request instead of the heat pump.
9. The hybrid heating system of claim 1 wherein the controller selectively implements a thermostat control algorithm instead of the economic balance point algorithm based on user input.
10. The hybrid heating system of claim 9 wherein the thermostat control algorithm, for each heating cycle, initializes a first heating stage in which the heat pump is active without the auxiliary furnace and, if needed, initializes a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace is active without the heat pump.
11. A control system for a hybrid heating system, the control system comprising:
economic balance point logic configured to determine an outdoor temperature threshold at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating a heat pump;
selection logic configured to select, in response to a heat request, either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the outdoor temperature threshold.
12. The control system of claim 11 wherein the economic balance point logic determines the output temperature threshold based on an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter, and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter.
13. The control system of claim 12 wherein the economic balance point logic implements default values for at least one of the auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, the heat pump electricity cost parameter, the heat pump efficiency parameter, and the auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter.
14. The control system of claim 11 further comprising a user interface in communication with the economic balance point logic, wherein values for at least one of the auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, the heat pump electricity cost parameter, the heat pump efficiency parameter, and the auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter are based on user input via the user interface.
15. The control system of claim 12 further comprising a user interface in communication with the selection logic, wherein the selection logic is configured to select either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump for a heat cycle based on an outdoor temperature value or a thermostat control scheme selected manually by a user via the user interface.
16. A method for controlling a hybrid heating system, comprising:
determining, by a controller, an outdoor temperature threshold at which operating an auxiliary furnace is less expensive than operating a heat pump;
receiving, by the controller, a heat request; and
selecting, by the controller, either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the determined outdoor temperature threshold.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said determining the outdoor temperature threshold is based on an auxiliary furnace fuel cost parameter, a heat pump electricity cost parameter, a heat pump efficiency parameter, and an auxiliary furnace efficiency parameter.
18. The method of claim 16 further comprising overriding the determined outdoor temperature threshold with an outdoor temperature provided by a user.
19. The method of claim 16 further comprising disabling use of the determined outdoor temperature threshold for said selection and enabling use of a thermostat control scheme to select either the auxiliary furnace or the heat pump based on the determined outdoor temperature threshold.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the thermostat control scheme comprises initializing a first heating stage in which the heat pump is active without the auxiliary furnace and, if needed, initializing a second heating stage in which the auxiliary furnace is active without the heat pump.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/076,240 US20120248212A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Methods and Systems for Controlling a Hybrid Heating System |
CA2830188A CA2830188A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-02-22 | Systems and methods for controlling a hybrid heating system |
CN201280016259.4A CN103443549B (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-02-22 | System and method for controlling Hybrid Heating system |
PCT/US2012/026115 WO2012134668A2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-02-22 | Systems and methods for controlling a hybrid heating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/076,240 US20120248212A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Methods and Systems for Controlling a Hybrid Heating System |
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US20120248212A1 true US20120248212A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
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US13/076,240 Abandoned US20120248212A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Methods and Systems for Controlling a Hybrid Heating System |
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US (1) | US20120248212A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103443549B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2830188A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012134668A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103443549B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
CA2830188A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
CN103443549A (en) | 2013-12-11 |
WO2012134668A2 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
WO2012134668A3 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
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