US20130085432A1 - Compression garment having a foam layer - Google Patents
Compression garment having a foam layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130085432A1 US20130085432A1 US13/249,390 US201113249390A US2013085432A1 US 20130085432 A1 US20130085432 A1 US 20130085432A1 US 201113249390 A US201113249390 A US 201113249390A US 2013085432 A1 US2013085432 A1 US 2013085432A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foam layer
- inflatable chamber
- perimeter
- compression garment
- layers
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H9/00—Pneumatic or hydraulic massage
- A61H9/005—Pneumatic massage
- A61H9/0078—Pneumatic massage with intermittent or alternately inflated bladders or cuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/01—Constructive details
- A61H2201/0192—Specific means for adjusting dimensions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/16—Physical interface with patient
- A61H2201/1602—Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
- A61H2201/165—Wearable interfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/50—Control means thereof
- A61H2201/5002—Means for controlling a set of similar massage devices acting in sequence at different locations on a patient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2205/00—Devices for specific parts of the body
- A61H2205/06—Arms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2205/00—Devices for specific parts of the body
- A61H2205/10—Leg
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2209/00—Devices for avoiding blood stagnation, e.g. Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT] devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H9/00—Pneumatic or hydraulic massage
- A61H9/005—Pneumatic massage
- A61H9/0078—Pneumatic massage with intermittent or alternately inflated bladders or cuffs
- A61H9/0092—Cuffs therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/436—Joining sheets for making articles comprising cushioning or padding materials, the weld being performed through the cushioning material, e.g. car seats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2022/00—Hollow articles
- B29L2022/02—Inflatable articles
- B29L2022/025—Bladders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
Definitions
- the present invention is directed generally to a compression garment for applying compression therapy to a body part of a wearer, and more particularly to a compression garment having a foam layer.
- blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and peripheral edema.
- DVT deep vein thrombosis
- peripheral edema Such patients and persons include those undergoing surgery, anesthesia, extended periods of bed rest, etc.
- These blood clotting conditions generally occur in the deep veins of the lower extremities and/or pelvis.
- These veins such as the iliac, femoral, popliteal, and tibial veins, return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
- a static pool of blood may lead to a blood clot, which can interfere with cardiovascular circulation. More seriously, the blood clot can break loose and migrate.
- a pulmonary embolus which may be life threatening, can form if the blood clot blocks a pulmonary artery.
- Conventional vascular compression systems include a compression garment fluidly connected to a controller that cyclically inflates the compression garment.
- the cyclical inflation of the compression garment enhances blood circulation and decreases the likelihood of DVT.
- a system of conduits connects the compression garment to the controller.
- Newer vascular compression garments may have portable controllers that are much smaller and mountable on the compression garment allowing the patient to move about freely without first removing the compression garment or disconnecting the compression garment from its controller. These newer compression garments may be worn when a patient is stationary or ambulatory and are believed to enhance patient compliance due to convenience of use.
- Active compression garments for applying intermittent compression therapy to a body part have many applications, including DVT prophylaxis, edema prevention, and wound healing.
- the performance of compression garments is dependent upon the ability of the garment to retain its initial fit or tightness so the inflatable bladders retain their original position around the body part. This can be very difficult if the compression garments are used when the patients are in certain positions (e.g., non-horizontal positions) or when the patients are moving.
- the garments tend to loosen around the body part and/or slide down the body part, causing misalignment of inflatable bladders with corresponding body parts, potentially resulting in ineffective compression therapy and/or discomfort.
- the present invention is directed to maintaining the inflatable bladders in position on the body part to improve applied compression therapy by increasing the efficiency of the compression therapy.
- the present invention is directed to reducing an internal volume of one or more bladders on a compression garment, thus reducing an amount of gas required to inflate the bladders.
- the present invention includes a compression garment for applying compression therapy to a body part of a person comprises a bladder conformable to at least a portion of the body part.
- the bladder includes an inflatable chamber for applying compression therapy to the body part.
- the inflatable chamber has a perimeter and an opening through which the inflatable chamber is inflated.
- a foam layer is positioned at least partially in the inflatable chamber for reducing a volume of gas required to inflate the inflatable chamber.
- the foam layer extends at least partially outside the inflatable chamber for providing structural support to the compression garment.
- the present invention includes a method of making a compression garment for applying compression therapy to a body part of a person including sandwiching a foam layer between first and second bladder layers so the foam layer and first and second bladder layers are positioned in a stack.
- the bladder layers are joined to form an inflatable chamber between the bladder layers such that the foam layer is positioned at least partially in the inflatable chamber and extends out of the inflatable chamber.
- An opening is formed in at least one of the bladder layers to allow for inflation of the inflatable chamber.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic outer elevation of a compression garment of the present invention shown in an open, unwrapped configuration, an outer cover layer and intermediate layers of the sleeve being partially removed to show underlying layers;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic inner elevation of the compression garment
- FIG. 3 is a separated perspective of the compression garment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic outer elevation of a bladder subassembly of the compression garment
- FIG. 5 is a schematic outer elevation of a second embodiment of a bladder subassembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic outer elevation of a third embodiment of a bladder subassembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic outer elevation of a fourth embodiment of a bladder subassembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic outer elevation of another embodiment of a foam layer of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic section of the foam layer of FIG. 8 taken in the plane including line 9 - 9 in FIG. 8 , the thickness of the foam layer being exaggerated to illustrate construction of the foam layer.
- the compression garment 10 is used for compressing a body part (e.g., a limb such as a leg or arm).
- the illustrated compression garment 10 is configured to be applied to a leg and has a “thigh length” size, meaning the compression garment extends generally from the ankle to the thigh.
- Other sizes and shapes of garments e.g., “knee length,” extending generally from the ankle to below the knee
- garments configured for use on other body parts may also be within the scope of the present invention.
- the compression garment 10 has a layered construction comprising five layers. More specifically, the compression garment 10 includes an inner cover layer 20 , an inner bladder layer 22 , a foam layer 24 , an outer bladder layer 26 , and an outer cover layer 28 .
- the terms “inner” and “outer” refer to the position of the layers when wrapped around the body part. For example, when the compression garment 10 is wrapped around the limb, the inner cover layer 20 is closer to the limb and the outer cover layer 22 is farther from the limb. In some embodiments, the inner and outer cover layers 20 , 28 may be omitted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the inner and outer bladder layers 22 , 26 sandwich the foam layer 24 to form a bladder subassembly 30 ( FIG. 4 ), and the inner and outer cover layers 20 , 28 sandwich the bladder subassembly, positioning the layers in a stacked configuration.
- the cover layers 20 , 28 , the bladder layers 22 , 26 , and the foam layer 24 have respective perimeters 20 a, 28 a, 22 a, 26 a, 24 a.
- all of the layers 20 - 28 have generally the same size and shape.
- the perimeters 20 a - 28 a are generally aligned with each other.
- the perimeters of the cover layers 20 a, 28 a define a perimeter of the compression garment 10 a ( FIG. 1 ).
- Compression garments having more or fewer layers may be within the scope of the present invention.
- the cover layers 20 , 22 may be omitted without departing form the scope of the present invention.
- compression garments including layers having differing sizes and shapes may be within the scope of the present invention.
- the layers 20 - 28 may have perimeters not aligned with each other as will be described in further detail below.
- the layers 20 - 28 may be made of various materials.
- the cover layers 20 and 28 may comprise woven and non-woven cloth or fabric made of, for example, a polyester.
- the bladder layers 22 , 26 desirably comprise gas-impermeable material so that at least one bladder may be formed between the layers, as described in further detail below.
- the bladder layers 22 , 26 may be a pliable PVC material having a thickness in a range from about 0.003 inches to about 0.015 inches. In one embodiment, the material is about 0.005 inches thick.
- the foam layer 24 comprises closed cell foam such as polyethylene foam, but other types of foam may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the foam layer 24 may provide structural support to the compression garment 10 to assist in preventing the compression garment from falling down the limb.
- the foam layer 24 may have other thicknesses without departing from the scope of the present invention, in one embodiment, the foam layer may have a thickness in a range of about 0.125 inches to about 0.5 inches. Further, in some embodiments the foam layer has a thickness of about 0.375 inches.
- the inner and outer bladder layers 22 , 26 are joined to form at least one bladder between the layers that is conformable to at least a portion of the body part on which the garment is worn.
- the bladder subassembly 30 includes three bladders 32 , 34 , 36 as illustrated in FIG. 4 . Compression garments having different numbers of bladders (e.g., one, two, four, or five) may be within the scope of the present invention.
- Each of the bladders 32 , 34 , 36 includes an inflatable chamber, also indicated by the reference numbers 32 , 34 , 36 .
- the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 are inflated by delivering gas (e.g., air) to the chambers to apply compression to the body part.
- the bladder layers 22 , 26 are joined, defining respective perimeters 32 a, 34 a, 36 a of each of the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 .
- the bladder layers may be joined at their perimeters 32 a, 34 a, 36 a by welding, such as radiofrequency welding or heat sealing. Other types of mechanical and/or chemical processes may be used to join the layers. Similar techniques may be used to join the bladder layers 22 , 26 at other locations, such as around the perimeters 22 a, 26 a of the bladder layers.
- Similar techniques may be used to join the inner and outer cover layers 20 , 28 to the bladder layers 22 , 26 at locations such as around the perimeters 20 a, 28 a of the cover layers so the cover layers encase the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 .
- the bladder layers 22 , 26 are joined with the foam layer 24 so that the foam layer is positioned in the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 and extends beyond the perimeters of the inflatable chambers 32 a, 34 a, 36 a.
- the welds defining the perimeters 32 a, 34 a, 36 a include the foam layer 24 to maintain the foam layer in position on the compression garment.
- the material forming the foam layer 24 may be selected for facilitating bonding (e.g., RF welding) of the foam layer 24 to the bladder layers 22 , 26 .
- Portions of the foam layer 24 positioned inside the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 also advantageously reduce chamber volume and thus the amount of gas required to inflate the inflatable chambers.
- the perimeter of the foam layer 24 a of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is larger than the perimeters of the inflatable chambers.
- the perimeter of the foam layer 24 a is positioned entirely outside the inflatable chambers 32 a, 34 a, 36 a and is generally the same size as the perimeter of the compression garment 10 a.
- the portions of the foam layer 24 in the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 have sizes and shapes generally corresponding to the sizes and shapes of the perimeters of the inflatable chambers 32 a, 34 a, 36 a.
- the foam layer 24 provides structural support to the compression garment 10 to resist falling down the body part.
- the foam layer 24 may be configured strategically for providing structural support to certain portions of the garment 10 .
- the foam layer 24 provides support to substantially all of the garment 10 because the foam layer has a size and shape generally corresponding to the full size and shape of the compression garment.
- the foam layers may have other configurations without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the foam layer 24 may have a size and shape different from the bladder layers 22 , 26 and/or the cover layers 20 , 28 .
- the perimeter of the foam layer 24 a may be smaller than the perimeters of the inflatable chambers 32 a, 34 a, 36 a and/or be offset from the perimeters of the inflatable chambers so that only a segment of the welding defining the perimeters 32 a, 34 a, 36 a incorporates the foam layer 24 .
- the portion of the foam layer 24 inside one or more of the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 may be narrower than the perimeter of the corresponding inflatable chamber.
- the percentage of the foam layer 24 positioned outside the inflatable chambers may vary in different embodiments.
- the foam layer 24 may be positioned outside the inflatable chamber 32 a.
- other percentages of the foam layer such as 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 percent of the foam layer may be positioned outside an inflatable chamber.
- more than one foam layer may be used and each foam layer may be associated with different combinations of inflatable chambers.
- a foam layer may be positioned in one or more inflatable chambers and not others. Embodiments described in further detail below provide examples of some of these configurations of foam layers.
- the compression garment 10 is configured to be wrapped around a body part and secured in position.
- sections of hook fabric 50 are provided on the inner cover layer 20 and spaced longitudinally along a side margin of the compression garment, generally indicated by the reference number 10 b.
- the garment 10 is wrapped around the body part and secured in position by engaging the sections of hook fabric 50 with loop fabric 52 on the outer cover layer 28 on an opposite side margin of the compression garment, generally indicated by the reference number 10 c ( FIG. 1 ).
- compression garments having hook-and-loop fasteners are described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other fastener types may be used to secure the garment 10 in position without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- a controller may be mounted on the compression garment 10 .
- the controller 60 includes a pressurizer 62 that regulates compression therapy applied to the body part on which the garment is worn by increasing and decreasing the gas pressure in the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 .
- Conduits 64 disposed between the outer bladder layer 26 and the outer cover layer 28 connect the controller 60 to openings in the inflatable chambers 32 b, 34 b, 36 b.
- the controller 60 may be programmed to inflate and deflate the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 to apply intermittent, sequential compression therapy as known in the art. Other types of compression therapy may also be programmed without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the foam layer 24 enables a smaller and/or lighter controller 60 to be used because the portions of the foam layer in the inflatable chambers 32 , 34 , 36 reduce the volume of gas required to inflate the inflatable chambers, thus decreasing demand on the controller 60 .
- the foam layer 24 also provides structural support to the compression garment 10 to assist in preventing the garment 10 from slouching and/or collapsing on itself, which may happen at least in part due to the force of gravity acting on the controller 60 .
- Other types of controllers 60 including controllers not supported by the compression garment 10 , may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5 , 6 , and 7 illustrate additional embodiments of bladder subassemblies having different configurations of foam layers and generally indicated by the reference numbers 130 , 230 , and 330 .
- the bladder subassemblies 130 , 230 , 330 are similar to the bladder subassembly 30 described above, and corresponding parts are indicated by corresponding reference numbers plus 100, 200, or 300. It is understood that the bladder subassemblies 130 , 230 , 330 may be used to construct compression garments similar to the garment 10 described above. For example, cover layers such as layers 20 and 28 described above or other cover layers may be joined to the bladder subassemblies 130 , 230 , 330 .
- the bladder subassembly 130 of this embodiment includes a foam layer 124 having a perimeter 124 a that is smaller than and shaped different from the perimeter of the compression garment 10 a.
- the perimeter of the foam layer 124 a is larger than and is positioned entirely outside of the inflatable chambers 132 , 134 , 136 .
- the bladder subassembly 230 of this embodiment includes three foam layers 224 ′, 224 ′′, 224 ′′′′′, each associated with a respective individual inflatable chamber 232 , 234 , 236 .
- the first foam layer 224 ′ is generally rectangular and has a perimeter 224 a ′ that is larger than the perimeter of the inflatable chamber 232 a, and the perimeter 224 a ′ is positioned entirely outside the inflatable chamber 232 . At least sixty percent of the foam layer 224 ′ is positioned outside the inflatable chamber 232 .
- the second foam layer 224 ′′ is similar to the foam layer 224 ′ but has a smaller size.
- the foam layer 224 ′′ has a perimeter 224 a ′′ that is larger than the perimeter of the inflatable chamber 234 a. At least forty percent of the foam layer 224 ′′ is positioned outside the inflatable chamber 234 .
- the third foam layer 224 ′′′ is smaller than the foam layer 224 ′′ and has a perimeter 224 a ′′′ that is not positioned entirely outside the inflatable chamber 236 . Segments of the weld defining the perimeter of the inflatable chamber 236 a at the left and right sides of the inflatable chamber 236 pass through the foam layer 224 ′′′.
- the portion of the foam layer 224 ′′′ inside the inflatable chamber 236 is smaller than the perimeter of the inflatable chamber 236 a. About fifty percent of the foam layer 224 ′′′ is positioned outside the inflatable chamber 236 .
- the bladder subassembly 330 of this embodiment includes three foam layers 324 ′, 324 ′′, 324 ′′′, each associated with a respective individual inflatable chamber 332 , 334 , 336 .
- the first foam layer 324 ′ is sized about the same as the top half of the foam layer 224 ′ described above.
- the perimeter of the foam layer 324 a ′ is not positioned entirely outside the inflatable chamber 332 . At least sixty percent of the foam layer 324 ′ is positioned outside the inflatable chamber 332 . Segments of the weld defining the perimeter of the inflatable chamber 332 a pass through the foam layer 324 ′ at the left, right, and upper sides of the inflatable chamber 332 .
- the second foam layer 324 ′′ is similar to the foam layer 324 ′ but is smaller. At least forty percent of the foam layer 324 ′′ is positioned outside the inflatable chamber 334 . Regarding the third foam layer 324 ′′, the perimeter of the foam layer 324 a ′′′ is not positioned entirely outside the inflatable chamber 336 , and segments of the weld defining the perimeter of the foam layer 336 a pass through the foam layer at upper right, lower right, and right sides of the inflatable chamber 336 .
- a bladder subassembly may include any combination of foam layers such as 224 ′, 224 ′′, 224 ′′, 324 ′, 324 ′′, or 324 ′′′.
- a bladder subassembly may include the foam layer 224 ′ associated with each of its inflatable chambers.
- a bladder subassembly may include one or more of the foam layers 224 ′, each associated with different inflatable chambers and different foam layers such as layers 224 ′′, 224 ′′′, 324 ′, 324 ′′, or 324 ′′′, each associated with other inflatable chambers.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a foam layer 424 having a profile or shape that is similar to the foam layer 24 described above.
- the foam layer 424 may be used to form a compression garment such as the garment 10 shown in FIGS. 1-4 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates the foam layer 424 in section. The thickness of the foam layer 424 is exaggerated in FIG. 9 to illustrate the construction of the foam layer 424 .
- the foam layer 424 includes foam material 477 sandwiched between inner and outer bonding layers 479 A, 479 B.
- the bonding layers 479 A, 479 B may include a suitable material, such as PVC, that facilitates bonding the foam layer to bladder layers such as the layers 22 , 26 described above.
- the bonding layers 479 A, 479 B may be applied to the foam layer using a suitable method, such as lamination, extrusion, adhesion, or other methods.
- the bonding layers 479 A, 479 B may have profiles generally the same as the profile of the foam material 477 . In other words, the bonding layers 479 A, 479 B extend across substantially an entire width and height of the foam layer 424 .
- the bonding layers 479 A, 479 B may have other profiles (e.g., different from the profile of the foam material 477 ) without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- foam layers such foam layers described herein other than foam layer 424 may include bonding layers similar to the layers 479 A, 479 B.
- various suitable methods may be used for joining, connecting, or bonding any of the various components of a compression garment according to the present invention.
- methods such as ultrasonic welding, heat sealing, adhesives, and other methods may be used.
- the compression garment 10 is applied to a body part, and the controller 60 is activated to apply compression therapy on the body part.
- the controller 60 is activated to apply compression therapy on the body part.
- intermittent sequential compression therapy or other types of compression therapy may be applied.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention is directed generally to a compression garment for applying compression therapy to a body part of a wearer, and more particularly to a compression garment having a foam layer.
- Among concerns for generally immobile persons are medical conditions that form blood clots, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and peripheral edema. Such patients and persons include those undergoing surgery, anesthesia, extended periods of bed rest, etc. These blood clotting conditions generally occur in the deep veins of the lower extremities and/or pelvis. These veins, such as the iliac, femoral, popliteal, and tibial veins, return deoxygenated blood to the heart. When blood circulation in these veins is retarded due to illness, injury, or inactivity, there is a tendency for blood to accumulate or pool. A static pool of blood may lead to a blood clot, which can interfere with cardiovascular circulation. More seriously, the blood clot can break loose and migrate. A pulmonary embolus, which may be life threatening, can form if the blood clot blocks a pulmonary artery.
- Conventional vascular compression systems include a compression garment fluidly connected to a controller that cyclically inflates the compression garment. The cyclical inflation of the compression garment enhances blood circulation and decreases the likelihood of DVT. A system of conduits connects the compression garment to the controller. Newer vascular compression garments may have portable controllers that are much smaller and mountable on the compression garment allowing the patient to move about freely without first removing the compression garment or disconnecting the compression garment from its controller. These newer compression garments may be worn when a patient is stationary or ambulatory and are believed to enhance patient compliance due to convenience of use.
- Active compression garments for applying intermittent compression therapy to a body part (e.g., a limb such as a leg) have many applications, including DVT prophylaxis, edema prevention, and wound healing. The performance of compression garments is dependent upon the ability of the garment to retain its initial fit or tightness so the inflatable bladders retain their original position around the body part. This can be very difficult if the compression garments are used when the patients are in certain positions (e.g., non-horizontal positions) or when the patients are moving. The garments tend to loosen around the body part and/or slide down the body part, causing misalignment of inflatable bladders with corresponding body parts, potentially resulting in ineffective compression therapy and/or discomfort. The present invention is directed to maintaining the inflatable bladders in position on the body part to improve applied compression therapy by increasing the efficiency of the compression therapy. In addition, the present invention is directed to reducing an internal volume of one or more bladders on a compression garment, thus reducing an amount of gas required to inflate the bladders.
- In one aspect, the present invention includes a compression garment for applying compression therapy to a body part of a person comprises a bladder conformable to at least a portion of the body part. The bladder includes an inflatable chamber for applying compression therapy to the body part. The inflatable chamber has a perimeter and an opening through which the inflatable chamber is inflated. A foam layer is positioned at least partially in the inflatable chamber for reducing a volume of gas required to inflate the inflatable chamber. The foam layer extends at least partially outside the inflatable chamber for providing structural support to the compression garment.
- In another aspect, the present invention includes a method of making a compression garment for applying compression therapy to a body part of a person including sandwiching a foam layer between first and second bladder layers so the foam layer and first and second bladder layers are positioned in a stack. The bladder layers are joined to form an inflatable chamber between the bladder layers such that the foam layer is positioned at least partially in the inflatable chamber and extends out of the inflatable chamber. An opening is formed in at least one of the bladder layers to allow for inflation of the inflatable chamber.
- Other features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic outer elevation of a compression garment of the present invention shown in an open, unwrapped configuration, an outer cover layer and intermediate layers of the sleeve being partially removed to show underlying layers; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic inner elevation of the compression garment; -
FIG. 3 is a separated perspective of the compression garment; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic outer elevation of a bladder subassembly of the compression garment; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic outer elevation of a second embodiment of a bladder subassembly of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic outer elevation of a third embodiment of a bladder subassembly of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic outer elevation of a fourth embodiment of a bladder subassembly of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a schematic outer elevation of another embodiment of a foam layer of the present invention; and -
FIG. 9 is a schematic section of the foam layer ofFIG. 8 taken in the plane including line 9-9 inFIG. 8 , the thickness of the foam layer being exaggerated to illustrate construction of the foam layer. - Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
- Referring now to the drawings and in particular to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , one embodiment of a compression garment of the present invention is generally indicated by thereference number 10. Thecompression garment 10 is used for compressing a body part (e.g., a limb such as a leg or arm). The illustratedcompression garment 10 is configured to be applied to a leg and has a “thigh length” size, meaning the compression garment extends generally from the ankle to the thigh. Other sizes and shapes of garments (e.g., “knee length,” extending generally from the ankle to below the knee) and garments configured for use on other body parts may also be within the scope of the present invention. - As shown in
FIGS. 1 and 3 , thecompression garment 10 has a layered construction comprising five layers. More specifically, thecompression garment 10 includes aninner cover layer 20, aninner bladder layer 22, afoam layer 24, anouter bladder layer 26, and anouter cover layer 28. As used herein, the terms “inner” and “outer” refer to the position of the layers when wrapped around the body part. For example, when thecompression garment 10 is wrapped around the limb, theinner cover layer 20 is closer to the limb and theouter cover layer 22 is farther from the limb. In some embodiments, the inner andouter cover layers - The inner and
outer bladder layers foam layer 24 to form a bladder subassembly 30 (FIG. 4 ), and the inner andouter cover layers FIG. 3 , thecover layers bladder layers foam layer 24 haverespective perimeters compression garment 10 is constructed, theperimeters 20 a-28 a are generally aligned with each other. The perimeters of thecover layers compression garment 10 a (FIG. 1 ). Compression garments having more or fewer layers may be within the scope of the present invention. For example, thecover layers - The layers 20-28 may be made of various materials. The
cover layers bladder layers foam layer 24 comprises closed cell foam such as polyethylene foam, but other types of foam may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. Among other advantages, thefoam layer 24 may provide structural support to thecompression garment 10 to assist in preventing the compression garment from falling down the limb. Although thefoam layer 24 may have other thicknesses without departing from the scope of the present invention, in one embodiment, the foam layer may have a thickness in a range of about 0.125 inches to about 0.5 inches. Further, in some embodiments the foam layer has a thickness of about 0.375 inches. - The inner and outer bladder layers 22, 26 are joined to form at least one bladder between the layers that is conformable to at least a portion of the body part on which the garment is worn. In some embodiments, the
bladder subassembly 30 includes threebladders FIG. 4 . Compression garments having different numbers of bladders (e.g., one, two, four, or five) may be within the scope of the present invention. Each of thebladders reference numbers inflatable chambers respective perimeters inflatable chambers perimeters perimeters perimeters inflatable chambers - The bladder layers 22, 26 are joined with the
foam layer 24 so that the foam layer is positioned in theinflatable chambers inflatable chambers perimeters foam layer 24 to maintain the foam layer in position on the compression garment. The material forming thefoam layer 24 may be selected for facilitating bonding (e.g., RF welding) of thefoam layer 24 to the bladder layers 22, 26. Portions of thefoam layer 24 positioned inside theinflatable chambers foam layer 24 a of the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 1-4 is larger than the perimeters of the inflatable chambers. In some embodiments, the perimeter of thefoam layer 24 a is positioned entirely outside theinflatable chambers compression garment 10 a. The portions of thefoam layer 24 in theinflatable chambers inflatable chambers foam layer 24 provides structural support to thecompression garment 10 to resist falling down the body part. In some embodiments, thefoam layer 24 may be configured strategically for providing structural support to certain portions of thegarment 10. In the illustrated embodiment, thefoam layer 24 provides support to substantially all of thegarment 10 because the foam layer has a size and shape generally corresponding to the full size and shape of the compression garment. - The foam layers may have other configurations without departing from the scope of the present invention. The
foam layer 24 may have a size and shape different from the bladder layers 22, 26 and/or the cover layers 20, 28. The perimeter of thefoam layer 24 a may be smaller than the perimeters of theinflatable chambers perimeters foam layer 24. The portion of thefoam layer 24 inside one or more of theinflatable chambers foam layer 24 positioned outside the inflatable chambers may vary in different embodiments. For example, with respect to the inflatable chamber 32, at least sixty percent of thefoam layer 24 may be positioned outside theinflatable chamber 32 a. In other embodiments, other percentages of the foam layer such as 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 percent of the foam layer may be positioned outside an inflatable chamber. Further, more than one foam layer may be used and each foam layer may be associated with different combinations of inflatable chambers. A foam layer may be positioned in one or more inflatable chambers and not others. Embodiments described in further detail below provide examples of some of these configurations of foam layers. - The
compression garment 10 is configured to be wrapped around a body part and secured in position. For example, as shown inFIG. 2 , sections ofhook fabric 50 are provided on theinner cover layer 20 and spaced longitudinally along a side margin of the compression garment, generally indicated by thereference number 10 b. Thegarment 10 is wrapped around the body part and secured in position by engaging the sections ofhook fabric 50 withloop fabric 52 on theouter cover layer 28 on an opposite side margin of the compression garment, generally indicated by thereference number 10 c (FIG. 1 ). Although compression garments having hook-and-loop fasteners are described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other fastener types may be used to secure thegarment 10 in position without departing from the scope of the present invention. - Referring again to
FIG. 1 , a controller, generally indicated by thereference number 60, may be mounted on thecompression garment 10. Thecontroller 60 includes a pressurizer 62 that regulates compression therapy applied to the body part on which the garment is worn by increasing and decreasing the gas pressure in theinflatable chambers Conduits 64 disposed between theouter bladder layer 26 and theouter cover layer 28 connect thecontroller 60 to openings in theinflatable chambers controller 60 may be programmed to inflate and deflate theinflatable chambers foam layer 24 enables a smaller and/orlighter controller 60 to be used because the portions of the foam layer in theinflatable chambers controller 60. Thefoam layer 24 also provides structural support to thecompression garment 10 to assist in preventing thegarment 10 from slouching and/or collapsing on itself, which may happen at least in part due to the force of gravity acting on thecontroller 60. Other types ofcontrollers 60, including controllers not supported by thecompression garment 10, may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. -
FIGS. 5 , 6, and 7 illustrate additional embodiments of bladder subassemblies having different configurations of foam layers and generally indicated by thereference numbers bladder subassembly 30 described above, and corresponding parts are indicated by corresponding reference numbers plus 100, 200, or 300. It is understood that thebladder subassemblies garment 10 described above. For example, cover layers such aslayers bladder subassemblies - Referring to
FIG. 5 , thebladder subassembly 130 of this embodiment includes afoam layer 124 having aperimeter 124 a that is smaller than and shaped different from the perimeter of thecompression garment 10 a. The perimeter of thefoam layer 124 a is larger than and is positioned entirely outside of theinflatable chambers - Referring to
FIG. 6 , thebladder subassembly 230 of this embodiment includes threefoam layers 224′, 224″, 224″′″, each associated with a respective individualinflatable chamber first foam layer 224′ is generally rectangular and has aperimeter 224 a′ that is larger than the perimeter of the inflatable chamber 232 a, and theperimeter 224 a′ is positioned entirely outside theinflatable chamber 232. At least sixty percent of thefoam layer 224′ is positioned outside theinflatable chamber 232. Thesecond foam layer 224″ is similar to thefoam layer 224′ but has a smaller size. Thefoam layer 224″ has aperimeter 224 a″ that is larger than the perimeter of theinflatable chamber 234 a. At least forty percent of thefoam layer 224″ is positioned outside theinflatable chamber 234. Thethird foam layer 224′″ is smaller than thefoam layer 224″ and has aperimeter 224 a′″ that is not positioned entirely outside theinflatable chamber 236. Segments of the weld defining the perimeter of theinflatable chamber 236 a at the left and right sides of theinflatable chamber 236 pass through thefoam layer 224′″. The portion of thefoam layer 224′″ inside theinflatable chamber 236 is smaller than the perimeter of theinflatable chamber 236 a. About fifty percent of thefoam layer 224′″ is positioned outside theinflatable chamber 236. - Referring to
FIG. 7 , thebladder subassembly 330 of this embodiment includes threefoam layers 324′, 324″, 324′″, each associated with a respective individualinflatable chamber first foam layer 324′ is sized about the same as the top half of thefoam layer 224′ described above. The perimeter of thefoam layer 324 a′ is not positioned entirely outside theinflatable chamber 332. At least sixty percent of thefoam layer 324′ is positioned outside theinflatable chamber 332. Segments of the weld defining the perimeter of theinflatable chamber 332 a pass through thefoam layer 324′ at the left, right, and upper sides of theinflatable chamber 332. Thesecond foam layer 324″ is similar to thefoam layer 324′ but is smaller. At least forty percent of thefoam layer 324″ is positioned outside theinflatable chamber 334. Regarding thethird foam layer 324″, the perimeter of thefoam layer 324 a′″ is not positioned entirely outside theinflatable chamber 336, and segments of the weld defining the perimeter of thefoam layer 336 a pass through the foam layer at upper right, lower right, and right sides of theinflatable chamber 336. - It is understood that a bladder subassembly may include any combination of foam layers such as 224′, 224″, 224″, 324′, 324″, or 324′″. For example, a bladder subassembly may include the
foam layer 224′ associated with each of its inflatable chambers. Moreover, a bladder subassembly may include one or more of the foam layers 224′, each associated with different inflatable chambers and different foam layers such aslayers 224″, 224′″, 324′, 324″, or 324′″, each associated with other inflatable chambers. -
FIG. 8 illustrates afoam layer 424 having a profile or shape that is similar to thefoam layer 24 described above. Thefoam layer 424 may be used to form a compression garment such as thegarment 10 shown inFIGS. 1-4 .FIG. 9 illustrates thefoam layer 424 in section. The thickness of thefoam layer 424 is exaggerated inFIG. 9 to illustrate the construction of thefoam layer 424. In this embodiment, thefoam layer 424 includesfoam material 477 sandwiched between inner andouter bonding layers layers - The bonding layers 479A, 479B may have profiles generally the same as the profile of the
foam material 477. In other words, the bonding layers 479A, 479B extend across substantially an entire width and height of thefoam layer 424. The bonding layers 479A, 479B may have other profiles (e.g., different from the profile of the foam material 477) without departing from the scope of the present invention. - It is envisioned that other foam layers such foam layers described herein other than
foam layer 424 may include bonding layers similar to thelayers - As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various suitable methods may be used for joining, connecting, or bonding any of the various components of a compression garment according to the present invention. For example, methods such as ultrasonic welding, heat sealing, adhesives, and other methods may be used.
- In a cycle of use, the
compression garment 10 is applied to a body part, and thecontroller 60 is activated to apply compression therapy on the body part. Depending upon the configuration of thecompression garment 10 and the programming of thecontroller 60, intermittent sequential compression therapy or other types of compression therapy may be applied. - When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred embodiments(s) thereof, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
- In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
- As various changes could be made in the above constructions, products, and methods without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims (18)
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