US20140005472A1 - Methods and devices for cardiac surgery - Google Patents
Methods and devices for cardiac surgery Download PDFInfo
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- US20140005472A1 US20140005472A1 US14/016,836 US201314016836A US2014005472A1 US 20140005472 A1 US20140005472 A1 US 20140005472A1 US 201314016836 A US201314016836 A US 201314016836A US 2014005472 A1 US2014005472 A1 US 2014005472A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B17/0218—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for minimally invasive surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B2017/0237—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for heart surgery
- A61B2017/0243—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for heart surgery for immobilizing local areas of the heart, e.g. while it beats
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Abstract
Methods for performing minimally invasive heart surgery include accessing a heart of a patient through a first incision on the left thorax of the patient, contacting the heart through the incision with a heart stabilizing device and/or a heart positioning device, introducing at least one coupling device through a second incision on the patient located apart from the first incision, coupling the coupling device with the heart stabilizing device or the heart positioning device, and performing a surgical procedure on the heart. Systems may include a retractor device, a heart stabilizing device, and a coupling device, for enhancing cardiac surgery. Any suitable heart surgery may be performed using methods, devices or systems of the present invention. In one embodiment, a CABG procedure is performed.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/325,236 entitled “METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CARDIAC SURGERY,” filed Dec. 14, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/579,607 entitled “METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CARDIAC SURGERY,” filed Oct. 15, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/731,683, entitled “METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CARDIAC SURGERY,” filed Dec. 8, 2003, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/431,628, filed Dec. 6, 2002. Each of the above referenced patent applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention relates generally to medical devices, systems and methods. More specifically, the device relates to devices, systems and methods for performing and/or enhancing heart surgery procedures.
- Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States, with coronary artery disease (CAD) accounting for much of the mortality rate. As such, many interventional techniques have been developed to treat CAD, and surgeries to treat the disease are common. One commonly performed surgery, for example, is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in which a graft, often from the internal mammary artery, is used to bypass an occluded coronary artery to supply blood to the heart.
- Although CABG procedures are often quite successful, improvements in such procedures are continually being sought, to reduce patient morbidity and mortality and to improve outcomes. For example, a traditional technique for CABG surgery involves creating a large incision through a patient's sternum, as well as stopping the heart and placing the patient on a cardiopulmonary bypass machine. Many other types of heart surgery similarly require large incisions and cardiopulmonary bypass. Both of these components have significant potential for patient morbidity and increase the overall risk of cardiac surgical procedures. Thus, cardiac surgery techniques involving smaller incisions and/or techniques which can be performed on a beating heart have been developed.
- Generally, certain drawbacks typically occur when heart surgery is attempted through smaller incisions. It is often difficult for a surgeon to establish adequate visualization of a heart, to be able to manipulate and use surgical instruments on the heart, to stabilize the position of the heart, and/or to move the heart to a more advantageous position through a relatively smaller incision. Basically, a smaller incision which does not allow a surgeon to split the patient's sternum and widely expose the left thoracic cavity may not allow the surgeon to manipulate the heart, perform the surgical procedure, and view the surgical field at the same time. If such inadequate access to the surgical site is compounded with the difficulty of operating on a moving, beating heart, results of a CABG procedure or other heart surgery will often suffer.
- Therefore, it would be advantageous to have devices, systems and methods for enhancing the performance of heart surgery. For example, it would be advantageous to enable a surgeon to operate on a heart through a smaller incision than is conventionally used, while stabilizing and/or positioning the heart with one or more devices inserted through separate, minimally invasive incisions. Such methods, devices and systems would ideally be adaptable for either beating heart procedures or procedures on a stopped heart using cardiopulmonary bypass. At least some of these objectives will be met by the present invention.
- Devices, systems and methods of the present invention provide enhancement of heart surgery procedures. Generally, the invention provides for accessing a patient's heart through an incision on the left thorax, introducing a heart stabilizing device and/or a heart positioning device through the incision, introducing one or more coupling devices through separate incisions and coupling the coupling devices with the heart stabilizing device and/or the heart positioning device to stabilize and/or position the heart. Introducing one or more instruments through incisions that are separate from the main incision for accessing the heart provides open area for a surgeon to visualize the surgical field, insert additional instruments, manipulate instruments, manipulate the heart and/or the like. Embodiments of the invention may be used in either procedures involving a stopped heart and cardiopulmonary bypass or beating heart procedures.
- In one aspect, a method of performing minimally invasive heart surgery includes: accessing a heart of a patient through a first incision on the left thorax of the patient; contacting the heart, through the incision, with at least one of a heart stabilizing device and a heart positioning device; introducing at least one coupling device through a second incision on the patient located apart from the first incision; coupling the at least one coupling device with at least one of the heart stabilizing device and the heart positioning device; and performing a surgical procedure on the heart. In some embodiments, for example, the first incision is located between two ribs of the patient. Optionally, accessing the heart includes widening the first incision using at least one retractor device.
- In some embodiments, the contacting step comprises contacting the heart with a heart stabilizing device and a heart positioning device. Optionally, such a method may further include using suction force to enhance contact of the heart stabilizing device and the heart positioning device with the heart. In some embodiments, the introducing and coupling steps involve introducing a first elongate coupling device through the second incision and coupling the first elongate coupling device with the heart stabilizing device. A method may further include introducing a second elongate coupling device through a third incision on the patient at a location apart from the first and second incisions and coupling the second elongate coupling device with the heart positioning device. In one embodiment, the method also includes coupling each of the first and second elongate coupling devices with at least one stabilizing apparatus for stabilizing the coupling devices. For example, coupling the coupling devices with the stabilizing apparatus may comprise coupling the first coupling device with a first stabilizing arm, coupling the second coupling device with a second stabilizing arm, and coupling the first and second stabilizing arms with at least one static object. The static object, for example, may comprise at least a portion of an operating room table. In some embodiments, the method may further include rigidifying the first and second stabilizing arms.
- In some embodiments, the method may further comprise applying suction force with at least one of the heart stabilizing device and the heart positioning device to enhance contact between the device(s) and the heart. The surgical procedure itself may be any suitable procedure. For example, performing the surgical procedure may comprise performing a coronary artery bypass graft procedure.
- In another aspect, a system for enhancing minimally invasive heart surgery comprises: at least one retractor device for enhancing access to a patient's heart through a first incision; a heart stabilizing device having a tissue contacting surface and at least one suction aperture adjacent the surface; and a first coupling device for coupling with the heart stabilizing device through a second incision at a location on the patient apart from the first incision. In some embodiments, the system will also comprise a heart positioning device having a tissue contacting surface and at least one suction aperture and a second coupling device for coupling with the heart positioning device through a third incision at a location on the patient apart from the first and second incisions.
- The first and second coupling devices, in some embodiments, each comprise an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end and means for coupling with the heart stabilizing device or the heart positioning device adjacent the distal end. The means for coupling, for example, may comprise a collet or socket for coupling with a ball on the heart stabilizing device or the heart positioning device. In such embodiments, the first and second coupling devices may further include a tightening device adjacent the proximal end of the shaft, for tightening the collet or socket around the ball. In other embodiments, the means for coupling comprises a clamp for coupling with the heart stabilizing device or the heart positioning device. In some embodiments, the elongate shaft comprises at least one flexible joint between the proximal end and the distal end. The flexible joint, for example, may comprise at least one collet or socket and ball joint.
- Some embodiments of the system may suitably include a first flexible arm for coupling the first coupling device with at least one stable object and a second flexible arm for coupling the second coupling device with the stable object. In some embodiments, the first and second flexible arms may be rigidified after coupling the first and second coupling devices with the stable object. The stable object may include any suitable object. In one embodiment, part of an operating room table is used. In some embodiments, each of the first and second flexible arms comprises: an elongate arm having a proximal end, a distal end and at least one joint disposed between the proximal end and the distal end; means near the distal end for coupling the arm with a coupling device; means near the proximal end for coupling the arm with the stable object; and means for rigidifying the at least one joint of the arm. In some embodiments, the means near the distal end and the means near the proximal end each comprises a clamp.
- In yet another embodiment, a device for enhancing minimally invasive heart surgery comprises a heart stabilizing member and an elongate coupling member having a proximal end, a distal end and means near the distal end for coupling with the heart stabilizing member. The heart stabilizing member, for example, may comprise at least one tissue contacting surface, at least one suction aperture for applying suction force to enhance contact between the tissue contacting surface and heart tissue, and at least one suction port for connecting with a source of suction. For example, the means for coupling with the heart stabilizing member may comprise a collet or socket for coupling with a ball on the heart stabilizing member. In another embodiment, the means for coupling with the heart stabilizing member comprises a clamp. The elongate coupling member optionally further includes at least one flexible joint between the proximal end and the distal end. The joint, for example, may comprise a collet or socket and ball joint. In other embodiments, the joint comprises multiple flexible beads.
- In still another embodiment, a device for enhancing minimally invasive heart surgery comprises a heart positioning member and an elongate coupling member having a proximal end, a distal end and means near the distal end for coupling with the heart stabilizing member. The heart positioning member may comprise at least one tissue contacting surface, at least one suction aperture for applying suction force to enhance contact between the tissue contacting surface and heart tissue, and at least one suction port for connecting with a source of suction. Again, the means for coupling with the heart positioning member may comprise a collet or socket for coupling with a ball on the heart positioning member. Alternatively, the means for coupling may comprise threads for coupling with complementary threads on a device, a slot for coupling with a surface feature on the device, a clamp, or any other suitable means. As above, the elongate member may include one or more flexible joints.
- In another aspect, a device for enhancing cardiac surgery comprises at least one inflatable tissue contacting surface, at least one port coupled with the tissue contacting surface for allowing inflation of the surface, and an elongate shaft defining a proximal end and a distal end, the shaft being removably couplable with the inflatable tissue contacting surface at or near the distal end. These and other embodiments are described in further detail below.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a patient with a system for performing a heart surgery in position on the patient, according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a device for enhancing heart surgery, according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a distal end of a coupling device and a surgical instrument, according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a distal end of a coupling device and a surgical instrument, according to another embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a device for enhancing heart surgery, according to another embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4A is a top perspective view of a retractor positioned to retract an incision, according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4B is a side view of an improved retractor blade, according to one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an inflatable heart positioning device, according to one embodiment of the present invention. - Devices, systems and methods of the present invention provide for enhancement of heart surgery procedures. Generally, the invention provides for accessing a patient's heart through an incision on the left thorax, introducing a heart stabilizing device and/or a heart positioning device through the incision, introducing one or more coupling devices through one or more separate incisions and coupling the coupling device(s) with the heart stabilizing device and/or the heart positioning device to stabilize and/or position the heart. Introducing one or more instruments through incisions that are separate from the main incision for accessing the heart provides a less cluttered surgical field, to provide the surgeon with enhanced visualization and room to insert additional instruments, manipulate instruments, manipulate the heart, operate on the heart, perform an anastamosis and the like. Various embodiments of the invention may be used in procedures involving a stopped heart and cardiopulmonary bypass, partial bypass, or in beating heart procedures.
- Generally, any suitable devices or combinations of devices may be used with methods of the present invention. One embodiment, for example, may employ one or more retractors as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,309,349, entitled “Surgical Retractor and Stabilizing Device and Method for Use,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Some embodiments may include one or more of the following: heart stabilizing devices, such as those described in U.S. utility application Ser. No. 10/297,791, a National Stage Application of PCT/US01/04263; heart positioning devices, such as those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 60/491,323, filed Jul. 29, 2003 and 60/519,837, filed Nov. 11, 2003; heart ablation devices, such as those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/519,726, filed Nov. 12, 2003; instrument stabilizing platforms, such as those described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/519,221, filed Nov. 11, 2003; and/or the like. The entire disclosures of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
- Referring now to
FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of apatient 10 is shown adjacent arail 20 of an operating room table, with a surgical system in position for enabling a heart surgery procedure. A surgical system may include, in one embodiment, aretractor device 14 for retracting skin and other tissues surrounding athoracic incision 12 onpatient 10. The system may also include aheart stabilizing device 18 and/or aheart positioning device 16, each of which may be coupled with acoupling device coupling device flexible arm 30, 32, and each arm may be coupled with a stable object, such asrail 20. The combination shown inFIG. 1 and described herein is only one embodiment of such a system, however, and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. In various embodiments, many different combinations of surgical instruments, stabilizing devices, coupling devices, retractor devices and the like may be used, without departing from the scope of the invention. Generally, therefore, any system for performing heart surgery in which a device or part of a first device is introduced through a first incision and second device is introduced through a second, separate incision and coupled with the first device is contemplated within the scope of the invention. - Generally, any suitable
thoracic incision 12 may be used in accordance with the present invention. For example,incision 12 may be made between the 4th and 5th ribs in one embodiment. Onceincision 12 is formed,retractor device 14, or one or more alternative retractor devices, may be used to gain access to the patient's heart (not shown). In other embodiments, other access means may be used, such as any suitable incision(s), port(s), puncture site(s) or the like. Once the heart tissue is accessible,heart stabilizing device 18 and/orheart positioning device 16 are introduced throughincision 12 and placed on the surface of the heart. The surgeon may then position the device(s) 16, 18 on the heart at or near a desired location, or may wait until a later time to position the device(s) 16, 18. Next, one or more small,secondary incisions thoracic incision 12, typically at nearby locations on the patient's thorax, but suitably in other locations as well. The incisions may be small, stab-wound incisions of less than one inch in length, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, as inFIG. 1 , twosmall incisions coupling devices - A
coupling device device 18 and/orpositioning device 16 near the distal end of the shaft. Couplingdevice smaller incision coupling device device 18 orpositioning device 16. In various embodiments,multiple coupling devices heart stabilizing device 18 andheart positioning device 16 may be coupled with thesame coupling device - Once
coupling devices device 18 andpositioning device 16,coupling devices positioning devices positioning devices smaller incisions thoracic incision 12, depending on convenience and preference of the surgeon. In either case, a suction cannula is typically connected withheart stabilizing device 18 orheart positioning device 16 directly, rather than throughcoupling devices coupling device - When coupling
devices heart stabilizing device 18 andheart positioning device 16 and the devices have been positioned on the heart and coupled with the heart via suction or other forces, eachcoupling devices flexible arm 32, 30. Flexible arms may comprise any suitable devices for stabilizingcoupling devices arms 32, 30 may comprise elongate, flexible members havingdistal clamps 38, 40 at their distal ends andproximal clamps Flexible arms 30, 32 may comprise metallic arms having multiple joints, to allow flexibility while also being rigid enough to stabilize coupling members. In another embodiment,flexible arms 30, 32 may be rigidifying, so that they may be manipulated into a desired position and then rigidified to hold their shape. In one embodiment, for example,arms 30, 32 may be rigidified by applying suction.Flexible arms 30, 32 may be coupled at or near their proximal ends, viaproximal claims bed rail 20, but any other suitable object may be used. - Any of the steps described above, as well as additional steps, may be performed in any suitable order, steps may be combined or eliminated, or the like, without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in one embodiment,
thoracic incision 12 may be formed, smaller incision(s) 26, 28 may be formed,coupling devices device 18 andpositioning device 16 may be placed into the surgical site and coupled withcoupling devices flexible arms 30, 32 may be coupled withcoupling devices - With reference now to
FIG. 2 , asurgical apparatus 100 for enhancing heart surgery suitably includes acoupling device 101, coupled with aflexible arm 114 and a tissue stabilizing device 130 (or positioning device or other device). In one embodiment,coupling device 101 includes anelongate shaft 110 having proximal and distal ends (labeled arrows), which is coupled with adial 112 or other actuation device at or near its proximal end andheart stabilization device 130 at or near its distal end.Flexible arm 114 generally comprises an elongate, flexible device with aclamp 116 at or near its distal end for coupling withcoupling device 101.Clamp 116 may alternatively comprise any suitable connective means. -
Elongate shaft 110 ofcoupling device 101 is generally introduced into a patient through a minimallyinvasive incision 122 in theskin 120, and is then advanced distally until the distal end ofcoupling device 101 is visible through athoracic incision 126 over theheart 124.Elongate shaft 110 may have any suitable configuration. In some embodiments,shaft 110 includes one or more flexible, rigidifying sections. In some embodiments, such sections may rigidify by applying a vacuum to that section of shaft. Other embodiments may use different rigidifying means. Distal coupling means 118 at or near the distal end ofcoupling device 101 may then be coupled withheart stabilizing device 130 via complementary coupling means 132 ondevice 130. In one embodiment, distal coupling means 118 comprises a socket or collet and complementary coupling means 132 comprises a ball, or a ball on a post, which fits within distal coupling means 118. In another embodiment, distal coupling means 118 comprises a clamp and complementary coupling means 132 comprises a rail or other feature onto which the clamp make take hold. Any suitable combination allowingcoupling device 101 to attach toheart stabilization device 130 is contemplated. Various embodiments may include, for example, a male and female screw connection, a magnetic connection, an adhesive connection, a snap-fit connection, a pressure-fit connection or the like. At or near the proximal end ofcoupling device 101, dial 112 may in fact comprise any actuation device, such as but not limited to a knob, trigger, slide or the like. Similarly, dial 112 may be used to perform any function or combination of functions withcoupling device 101. For example, in oneembodiment dial 112 is used to tighten and loosen distal coupling means 118 to allowcoupling device 101 to be coupled with, tighten around and releaseheart stabilizing device 132. In other embodiments, dial 112 may control one or more alternative or additional functions. Oncecoupling device 101 is coupled withheart stabilizing device 130, it may be used to position stabilizing device on the heart in a desired location and orientation. - With reference now to
FIG. 2A , a coupling devicedistal end 140 is shown as an example of one embodiment of coupling means for couplingdistal end 140 with a stabilizingdevice 149 or other suitable device. As previously mentioned, any suitable coupling means for connecting coupling device with a stabilization or other device is contemplated within the scope of the invention. Thus, a ball and socket joint, a ball and collet joint, any other suitable joint, an adhesive coupling means, a snap-fit or pressure fit coupling, or any other means may be used. For example, in yet another embodiment, as shown inFIG. 2A ,distal end 140 includes acurved slot 142 and stabilizingdevice 149 includes aknob 148 which fits withinslot 142 to provide coupling. In some embodiments,distal end 140 may also include ahollow lumen 146, such as a lumen for use in applying a vacuum force, and agasket 144. In some embodiments, stabilizingdevice 149 also includes ahollow lumen 150 such that when stabilizingdevice 149 anddistal end 140 are coupled together, the twolumens device 149. Such vacuum, for example, may be used to adhere a supportingfoot 152 ofdevice 149 to a surface of the heart. - In another embodiment, as shown in
FIG. 2B , adistal end 160 of a coupling device may includefemale threads 162 which are complementary to male threads 166 on a stabilizing device 169 or other device. Again,distal end 160 may include ahollow lumen 164 and stabilizing device 169 may also include such a lumen 168 such that when they are coupled, the two lumens communicate. Again, one possible use of such communicatinglumens 164, 168 might be to provide vacuum or suction force at a foot 170 of stabilizing device 169. Any other suitable configuration of distal ends, stabilizing devices (or other devices) and coupling means is contemplated within the scope of the invention. These examples are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. - Referring now to
FIG. 3 , asimilar apparatus 100 to that described inFIG. 2 is shown. In this embodiment, however,elongate shaft 110 ofcoupling device 101 includes multiple,flexible joints 210.Flexible joints 210 may comprise ball and socket or ball and collet joints or may suitably include any other joint configuration.Joints 210 may providecoupling device 101 with enhanced flexibility and maneuverability within a patient to position the distal end ofcoupling device 101 in a desired location. Any number ofjoints 210 may be used and any position or combination of positions forjoints 210 is contemplated. In some embodiments, dial 112 or one or more other actuators may be used to manipulatejoints 210. For example, joints 210 in some embodiments may be moved via an actuator and/or may be tightened, to reduce flexibility oncecoupling device 101 is in a desired position. To further enhance flexibility ofapparatus 100, a series ofbeads 212 or bearings may be incorporated into the distal end ofcoupling device 101, intoheart stabilizing device 130 or both. Any such flexible components may be used. - With reference now to
FIG. 4A , aretractor device 400 for use in systems and methods of the present invention suitably includes aframe 410, two ormore retractor blades 412 coupled withframe 410, and a crank 408 or other actuator coupled withframe 410.Frame 410 may include two vertical rods and two horizontal rods that are slidably coupled with the vertical rods. Crank 408 may be used to move the horizontal rods relative to the vertical rods, to thus increase the distance by whichblades 412 are separated and expand the width of anincision 414.Blades 412 may comprise any suitable retractor blades and any number and size ofblades 412 may be used. In some embodiments,retractor device 400 will be configured to assist in separatingribs 416 as well asincision 414. Again, any number, configuration, size and the like ofblades 412 may be used, andframe 412 may have any suitable shape, size and configuration. In some embodiments, only two or more blades may be used, withoutframe 410. - Turning now to
FIG. 4B , a side view of a portion ofretractor device 400 is shown. In one embodiment,blade 412 includes anerve protector 420 or detent.Nerve protector 420 is generally configured to apply pressure againstrib 416, without damaging anintercostal nerve 422 associated withrib 416. As such,nerve protector 420 may have any suitable configuration and, in some embodiments, may include a soft or padded material, to allowblade 412 to adequately retract tissue and apply pressure againstrib 416 without harming ordamaging nerve 422. - More generally, any retraction device or combination of retraction devices may be included as part of a system or method according to the present invention. In one embodiment, for example, an inflatable retractor may be used. For example, two blades of a retractor may be coupled to one another at opposite ends and may be inflated to allow a portion of each blade to expand, pushing the blades apart between their connected ends. In other embodiments, any combination of conventional retractors or retractors not yet conceived may be used.
- Similarly, any heart stabilizing device, heart positioning device and/or any other device may be used as part of a system or method of the invention. As mentioned above, one heart stabilizing device may comprise the OPVAC® heart stabilizer (available from Estech, Inc., www.estechlics.com, the entire contents of said web site being hereby incorporated by reference). The heart positioning device may comprise the Pyramid Positioner™ device (also available from Estech, Inc.). Alternatively, any other suitable devices may be used. Thus, the present invention is not limited to heart stabilizing devices and/or heart positioning devices.
- In one embodiment, an with reference now to
FIG. 5 , a stabilizing and/or positioning device comprises aninflatable heart retractor 520 or “pillow retractor.”Inflatable retractor 520 comprises aninflatable retractor surface 522, coupled with an elongate shaft 528 via aflexible connector 526. Again, shaft 528 is coupled with arapid disconnect 530, which may or may not include a flexible segment 532.Inflatable retractor 520 also includes means for inflating theretractor surface 522, which may comprise, for example, aninflation cannula 524 within or outside of elongate shaft 528.Inflatable heart retractor 520 may be particularly advantageous in positioning the heart by placing theinflatable surface 522 in contact with a posterior portion of the heart and inflating thesurface 522 to move the heart in an anterior direction—i.e., closer to the surgeon. Many alternate embodiments ofinflatable retractor 520 may be developed within the scope of the present invention. Creating a space behind the heart may be very advantageous in visualizing the back of the heart and/or in maneuvering one or more surgical devices to operate on the back of the heart. Other variations of inflatable retractors may be found in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/519,512, filed Nov. 12, 2003, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. - Although the invention has been fully described above, in relation to various exemplary embodiments, various additions or other changes may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the foregoing description has been provided for exemplary purposes only and should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (27)
1. A method for performing minimally invasive heart surgery in a patient, the method comprising:
introducing a heart stabilizing device through a first incision on the patient, the heart stabilizing device comprising a tissue contacting surface;
introducing a first coupling device through a second incision on the patient, the first coupling device comprising a flexible, rigidifying portion having a plurality of pieces and a wire that when tightened locks the pieces of the rigidifying portion;
coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device;
introducing a heart positioning device through the first incision on the patient, the heart stabilizing device comprising a tissue contacting surface;
introducing a second coupling device through a third incision on the patient; and
coupling the second coupling device with the heart positioning device.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising coupling the first coupling device with a stable object.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the stable object comprises at least one part of an operating room table.
4. The method according to claim 2 , comprising rigidifying the flexible, rigidifying portion of the first coupling device after coupling the first coupling device with the stable object.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart stabilizing device comprises a suction aperture adjacent the tissue contacting surface, the method further comprising providing a vacuum at the suction aperture of the heart stabilizing device.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart positioning device comprises a suction aperture adjacent the tissue contacting surface, the method further comprising providing a vacuum at the suction aperture of the heart positioning device.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising contacting heart tissue of the patient with the tissue contacting surface of the heart stabilizing device.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising contacting heart tissue of the patient with the tissue contacting surface of the heart positioning device.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second coupling device comprises a flexible, rigidifying portion having a plurality of pieces and a wire that when tightened locks the pieces of the rigidifying portion into place.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart stabilizing device comprises a ball, wherein the first coupling device comprises a collet or socket, and wherein coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device comprises coupling the ball with the collet or socket.
11. The method according to claim 10 , comprising tightening the collet or socket around the ball using a tightening device.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart positioning device comprises a ball, wherein the second coupling device comprises a collet or socket, and wherein coupling the second coupling device with the heart positioning device comprises coupling the ball with the collet or socket.
13. The method according to claim 12 , comprising tightening the collet or socket around the ball using a tightening device.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart stabilizing device comprises a surface feature, wherein the first coupling device comprises a slot, and wherein coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device comprises coupling the slot with the surface feature.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heart positioning device comprises a surface feature, wherein the second coupling device comprises a slot, and wherein coupling the second coupling device with the heart positioning device comprises coupling the slot with the surface feature.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first coupling device comprises threads, wherein the heart stabilizing device comprises complementary threads, and wherein coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device comprises coupling the threads with the complementary threads.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second coupling device comprises threads, wherein the heart positioning device comprises complementary threads, and wherein coupling the second coupling device with the heart positioning device comprises coupling the threads with the complementary threads.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first coupling device comprises a clamp, and wherein coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device comprises coupling the clamp with the heart stabilizing device.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second coupling device comprises a clamp, and wherein coupling the second coupling device with the heart positioning device comprises coupling the clamp with the heart positioning device.
20. A method for performing minimally invasive heart surgery in a patient, the method comprising:
introducing a heart stabilizing device through a first incision on the patient, the heart stabilizing device comprising a tissue contacting surface;
introducing a first coupling device through a second incision on the patient, the first coupling device comprising a flexible, rigidifying portion having a plurality of pieces and a wire that when tightened locks the pieces of the rigidifying portion; and
coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device.
21. The method according to claim 20 , further comprising coupling the first coupling device with a stable object.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the stable object comprises at least one part of an operating room table.
23. The method according to claim 21 , comprising rigidifying the flexible, rigidifying portion of the first coupling device after coupling the first coupling device with the stable object.
24. The method according to claim 20 , wherein coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device comprises coupling a first flexible arm with the first coupling device and with the heart stabilizing device.
25. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the plurality of pieces comprises a plurality of beads.
26. A method for performing minimally invasive heart surgery in a patient, the method comprising:
introducing a heart stabilizing device through a first incision on the patient, the heart stabilizing device comprising a tissue contacting surface;
introducing a first coupling device through a second incision on the patient, the first coupling device comprising a flexible, rigidifying portion having a plurality of pieces and a wire that when tightened locks the pieces of the rigidifying portion; and
coupling the first coupling device with the heart stabilizing device with a distal coupling means.
27. The method according to claim 26 , comprising tightening or loosening the distal coupling means with an actuation device.
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US8523759B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
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AU2003296379A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
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