US20140005702A1 - Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers - Google Patents
Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers Download PDFInfo
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- US20140005702A1 US20140005702A1 US13/538,601 US201213538601A US2014005702A1 US 20140005702 A1 US20140005702 A1 US 20140005702A1 US 201213538601 A US201213538601 A US 201213538601A US 2014005702 A1 US2014005702 A1 US 2014005702A1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
- A61B17/2202—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being inside patient's body at the distal end of the catheter
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Definitions
- Various embodiments are directed to surgical instruments including ultrasonic instruments with distally positioned transducers.
- Ultrasonic surgical devices such as ultrasonic scalpels, are used in many applications in surgical procedures by virtue of their unique performance characteristics. Depending upon specific device configurations and operational parameters, ultrasonic surgical devices can provide substantially simultaneous transection of tissue and homeostasis by coagulation, desirably minimizing patient trauma.
- An ultrasonic surgical device comprises a proximally-positioned ultrasonic transducer and an instrument coupled to the ultrasonic transducer having a distally-mounted end effector comprising an ultrasonic blade to cut and seal tissue.
- the end effector is typically coupled either to a handle and/or a robotic surgical implement via a shaft.
- the blade is acoustically coupled to the transducer via a waveguide extending through the shaft.
- Ultrasonic surgical devices of this nature can be configured for open surgical use, laparoscopic, or endoscopic surgical procedures including robotic-assisted procedures.
- Ultrasonic energy cuts and coagulates tissue using temperatures lower than those used in electrosurgical procedures. Vibrating at high frequencies (e.g., 55,500 times per second), the ultrasonic blade denatures protein in the tissue to form a sticky coagulum. Pressure exerted on tissue by the blade surface collapses blood vessels and allows the coagulum to form a hemostatic seal. A surgeon can control the cutting speed and coagulation by the force applied to the tissue by the end effector, the time over which the force is applied and the selected excursion level of the end effector.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical system including a surgical instrument and an ultrasonic generator.
- FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an ultrasonic end effector.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of an ultrasonic end effector.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates various internal components of one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of one embodiment of a surgical system including a surgical instrument and an ultrasonic generator.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a rotation assembly included in one example embodiment of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical system including a surgical instrument having a single element end effector.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment of a robotic surgical system.
- FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a robotic arm cart.
- FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of the robotic manipulator of the robotic arm cart of FIG. 12 .
- FIG. 14 illustrates one embodiment of a robotic arm cart having an alternative set-up joint structure.
- FIG. 15 illustrates one embodiment of a controller that may be used in conjunction with a robotic arm cart, such as the robotic arm carts of FIGS. 11-14 .
- FIG. 16 illustrates one embodiment of an ultrasonic surgical instrument adapted for use with a robotic system.
- FIG. 25 illustrates one embodiment of an electrosurgical instrument adapted for use with a robotic system.
- FIG. 17 illustrates one embodiment of an instrument drive assembly that may be coupled to a surgical manipulators to receive and control the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 16 .
- FIG. 18 illustrates another view of the instrument drive assembly embodiment of FIG. 26 including the surgical instrument of FIG. 16 .
- FIG. 28 illustrates another view of the instrument drive assembly embodiment of FIG. 26 including the electrosurgical instrument of FIG. 25 .
- FIGS. 19-21 illustrate additional views of the adapter portion of the instrument drive assembly embodiment of FIG. 26 .
- FIGS. 22-24 illustrate one embodiment of the instrument mounting portion of FIG. 16 showing components for translating motion of the driven elements into motion of the surgical instrument.
- FIGS. 25-27 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion of FIG. 16 showing an alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft and an alternate example mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the shaft.
- FIGS. 28-32 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion FIG. 16 showing another alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft.
- FIGS. 33-36A illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion showing an alternate example mechanism for differential translation of members along the axis of the shaft (e.g., for articulation).
- FIGS. 36B-36C illustrate one embodiment of a tool mounting portion comprising internal power and energy sources.
- FIG. 37 illustrates one embodiment of an articulatable surgical instrument comprising a distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly.
- FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft and end effector of FIG. 37 used in conjunction with an instrument mounting portion of a robotic surgical system.
- FIG. 39 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the shaft and end effector of FIGS. 37-38 .
- FIGS. 40-40A illustrate one embodiment for driving differential translation of the control members of FIG. 39 in conjunction with a manual instrument, such as the instrument of FIGS. 37-38 .
- FIG. 41 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly of FIGS. 37-38 .
- FIG. 42 illustrates one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm of FIGS. 37-38 arranged as part of a four-bar linkage.
- FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm, arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , coupled to the distal shaft portion, and in an open position.
- FIG. 44 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm of FIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , coupled to the distal shaft portion and in a closed position.
- FIGS. 45-46 illustrate side views of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm of FIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , including proximal portions of the shaft.
- FIGS. 47-48 illustrate one embodiment of an end effector having an alternately shaped ultrasonic blade and clamp arm.
- FIG. 49 illustrates one embodiment of another end effector comprising a flexible ultrasonic transducer assembly.
- FIG. 50 shows one embodiment of a manual surgical instrument having a transducer assembly extending proximally from the articulation joint.
- FIG. 51 illustrates a close up of the transducer assembly, distal shaft portion, articulation joint and end effector arranged as illustrated in FIG. 50 .
- FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation joint with the distal shaft portion and proximal shaft portion removed to show one example embodiment for articulating the shaft and actuating the haw member.
- FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of a manual surgical instrument comprising a shaft having an articulatable, rotatable end effector.
- FIG. 54 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation lever of the instrument of FIG. 53 coupled to control members.
- FIG. 55 illustrates one embodiment of the instrument showing a keyed connection between the end effector rotation dial and the central shaft member.
- FIG. 56 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft of FIG. 53 focusing on the articulation joint.
- FIG. 57 illustrates one embodiment of the central shaft member made of hinged mechanical components.
- FIG. 58 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft of FIG. 53 comprising a distal shaft portion and a proximal shaft portion.
- FIG. 59 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft of and end effector of FIG. 53 illustrating a coupling between the inner shaft member and the clamp arm.
- FIGS. 60-61 illustrate a control mechanism for a surgical instrument in which articulation and rotation of the end effector 1312 are motorized.
- FIGS. 62-63 illustrate one embodiment of a shaft that may be utilized with any of the various surgical instruments described herein.
- FIG. 64 illustrates one embodiment of a shaft that may be articulated utilizing a cable and pulley mechanism.
- FIG. 65 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft of FIG. 64 showing additional details of how the distal shaft portion may be articulated.
- FIG. 66 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector that may be utilized with any of the various instruments and/or shafts described herein.
- FIG. 67 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft of FIG. 64 coupled to an alternate pulley-driven end effector.
- FIG. 68 illustrates one embodiment of the end effector.
- an ultrasonic instrument comprises a distally positioned end effector comprising an ultrasonic blade.
- the ultrasonic blade may be driven by a distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly.
- a shaft of the instrument may comprise proximal and distal shaft members pivotably coupled to one another at an articulation joint.
- the end effector may be coupled to a distal portion of the distal shaft member such that the end effector (and at least a portion of the distal shaft member) are articulatable about a longitudinal axis of the shaft.
- the distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned partially or completely distal from the articulation joint.
- the ultrasonic blade may be acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer assembly such that neither the ultrasonic blade itself nor any intermediate waveguide spans the articulation joint.
- FIG. 1 is a right side view of one embodiment of an ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 .
- the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 may be employed in various surgical procedures including endoscopic or traditional open surgical procedures.
- the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 comprises a handle assembly 12 , an elongated shaft assembly 14 , and an ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the handle assembly 12 comprises a trigger assembly 24 , a distal rotation assembly 13 , and a switch assembly 28 .
- the elongated shaft assembly 14 comprises an end effector assembly 26 , which comprises elements to dissect tissue or mutually grasp, cut, and coagulate vessels and/or tissue, and actuating elements to actuate the end effector assembly 26 .
- the handle assembly 12 is adapted to receive the ultrasonic transducer 16 at the proximal end.
- the ultrasonic transducer 16 is mechanically engaged to the elongated shaft assembly 14 and portions of the end effector assembly 26 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 16 is electrically coupled to a generator 20 via a cable 22 .
- the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 may be employed in more traditional open surgical procedures and in other embodiments, may be configured for use in endoscopic procedures.
- the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 is described in terms of an endoscopic instrument; however, it is contemplated that an open and/or laparoscopic version of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 also may include the same or similar operating components and features as described herein.
- the generator 20 comprises several functional elements, such as modules and/or blocks. Different functional elements or modules may be configured for driving different kinds of surgical devices.
- an ultrasonic generator module 21 may drive an ultrasonic device, such as the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 .
- the generator 20 also comprises an electrosurgery/RF generator module 23 for driving an electrosurgical device (or an electrosurgical embodiment of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 ).
- the generator 20 includes a control system 25 integral with the generator 20 , and a foot switch 29 connected to the generator via a cable 27 .
- the generator 20 may also comprise a triggering mechanism for activating a surgical instrument, such as the instrument 10 .
- the triggering mechanism may include a power switch (not shown) as well as a foot switch 29 .
- the generator 20 When activated by the foot switch 29 , the generator 20 may provide energy to drive the acoustic assembly of the surgical instrument 10 and to drive the end effector 18 at a predetermined excursion level.
- the generator 20 drives or excites the acoustic assembly at any suitable resonant frequency of the acoustic assembly and/or derives the therapeutic/sub-therapeutic electromagnetic/RF energy.
- the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be implemented as an electrosurgery unit (ESU) capable of supplying power sufficient to perform bipolar electrosurgery using radio frequency (RF) energy.
- the ESU can be a bipolar ERBE ICC 350 sold by ERBE USA, Inc. of Marietta, Ga.
- RF radio frequency
- a surgical instrument having an active electrode and a return electrode can be utilized, wherein the active electrode and the return electrode can be positioned against, or adjacent to, the tissue to be treated such that current can flow from the active electrode to the return electrode through the tissue.
- the electrosurgical/RF module 23 generator may be configured for therapeutic purposes by applying electrical energy to the tissue T sufficient for treating the tissue (e.g., cauterization).
- the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be configured to deliver a subtherapeutic RF signal to implement a tissue impedance measurement module.
- the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 comprises a bipolar radio frequency generator as described in more detail below.
- the electrosurgical/RF generator module 12 may be configured to monitor electrical impedance Z, of tissue T and to control the characteristics of time and power level based on the tissue T by way of a return electrode provided on a clamp member of the end effector assembly 26 . Accordingly, the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be configured for subtherapeutic purposes for measuring the impedance or other electrical characteristics of the tissue T. Techniques and circuit configurations for measuring the impedance or other electrical characteristics of tissue T are discussed in more detail in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0015631, titled “Electrosurgical Generator for Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument,” the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- a suitable ultrasonic generator module 21 may be configured to functionally operate in a manner similar to the GEN300 sold by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. of Cincinnati, Ohio as is disclosed in one or more of the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. No. 6,480,796 (Method for Improving the Start Up of an Ultrasonic System Under Zero Load Conditions); U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,291 (Method for Detecting Blade Breakage Using Rate and/or Impedance Information); U.S. Pat. No. 6,662,127 (Method for Detecting Presence of a Blade in an Ultrasonic System); U.S. Pat. No.
- the generator 20 may be configured to operate in several modes. In one mode, the generator 20 may be configured such that the ultrasonic generator module 21 and the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be operated independently.
- the ultrasonic generator module 21 may be activated to apply ultrasonic energy to the end effector assembly 26 and subsequently, either therapeutic sub-therapeutic RF energy may be applied to the end effector assembly 26 by the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 .
- the sub-therapeutic electrosurgical/RF energy may be applied to tissue clamped between claim elements of the end effector assembly 26 to measure tissue impedance to control the activation, or modify the activation, of the ultrasonic generator module 21 .
- Tissue impedance feedback from the application of the sub-therapeutic energy also may be employed to activate a therapeutic level of the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 to seal the tissue (e.g., vessel) clamped between claim elements of the end effector assembly 26 .
- the ultrasonic generator module 21 and the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be activated simultaneously.
- the ultrasonic generator module 21 is simultaneously activated with a sub-therapeutic RF energy level to measure tissue impedance simultaneously while the ultrasonic blade of the end effector assembly 26 cuts and coagulates the tissue (or vessel) clamped between the clamp elements of the end effector assembly 26 .
- Such feedback may be employed, for example, to modify the drive output of the ultrasonic generator module 21 .
- the ultrasonic generator module 21 may be driven simultaneously with electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 such that the ultrasonic blade portion of the end effector assembly 26 is employed for cutting the damaged tissue while the electrosurgical/RF energy is applied to electrode portions of the end effector clamp assembly 26 for sealing the tissue (or vessel).
- a phase-locked loop in the control system of the generator 20 may monitor feedback from the acoustic assembly.
- the phase lock loop adjusts the frequency of the electrical energy sent by the generator 20 to match the resonant frequency of the selected longitudinal mode of vibration of the acoustic assembly.
- a second feedback loop in the control system 25 maintains the electrical current supplied to the acoustic assembly at a pre-selected constant level in order to achieve substantially constant excursion at the end effector 18 of the acoustic assembly.
- a third feedback loop in the control system 25 monitors impedance between electrodes located in the end effector assembly 26 .
- FIGS. 1-9 show a manually operated ultrasonic surgical instrument, it will be appreciated that ultrasonic surgical instruments may also be used in robotic applications, for example, as described herein as well as combinations of manual and robotic applications.
- the electrical signal supplied to the acoustic assembly may cause the distal end of the end effector 18 , to vibrate longitudinally in the range of, for example, approximately 20 kHz to 250 kHz.
- the blade 22 may vibrate in the range of about 54 kHz to 56 kHz, for example, at about 55.5 kHz. In other embodiments, the blade 22 may vibrate at other frequencies including, for example, about 31 kHz or about 80 kHz.
- the excursion of the vibrations at the blade can be controlled by, for example, controlling the amplitude of the electrical signal applied to the transducer assembly of the acoustic assembly by the generator 20 .
- the triggering mechanism of the generator 20 allows a user to activate the generator 20 so that electrical energy may be continuously or intermittently supplied to the acoustic assembly.
- the generator 20 also has a power line for insertion in an electro-surgical unit or conventional electrical outlet. It is contemplated that the generator 20 can also be powered by a direct current (DC) source, such as a battery.
- the generator 20 can comprise any suitable generator, such as Model No. GEN04, and/or Model No. GEN11 available from Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.
- FIG. 2 is a left perspective view of one example embodiment of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 showing the handle assembly 12 , the distal rotation assembly 13 , the elongated shaft assembly 14 , and the end effector assembly 26 .
- the elongated shaft assembly 14 comprises a distal end 52 dimensioned to mechanically engage the end effector assembly 26 and a proximal end 50 that mechanically engages the handle assembly 12 and the distal rotation assembly 13 .
- the proximal end 50 of the elongated shaft assembly 14 is received within the handle assembly 12 and the distal rotation assembly 13 . More details relating to the connections between the elongated shaft assembly 14 , the handle assembly 12 , and the distal rotation assembly 13 are provided in the description of FIGS. 5 and 7 .
- the trigger assembly 24 comprises a trigger 32 that operates in conjunction with a fixed handle 34 .
- the fixed handle 34 and the trigger 32 are ergonomically formed and adapted to interface comfortably with the user.
- the fixed handle 34 is integrally associated with the handle assembly 12 .
- the trigger 32 is pivotally movable relative to the fixed handle 34 as explained in more detail below with respect to the operation of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 .
- the trigger 32 is pivotally movable in direction 33 A toward the fixed handle 34 when the user applies a squeezing force against the trigger 32 .
- a spring element 98 ( FIG. 5 ) causes the trigger 32 to pivotally move in direction 33 B when the user releases the squeezing force against the trigger 32 .
- the trigger 32 comprises an elongated trigger hook 36 , which defines an aperture 38 between the elongated trigger hook 36 and the trigger 32 .
- the aperture 38 is suitably sized to receive one or multiple fingers of the user therethrough.
- the trigger 32 also may comprise a resilient portion 32 a molded over the trigger 32 substrate.
- the overmolded resilient portion 32 a is formed to provide a more comfortable contact surface for control of the trigger 32 in outward direction 33 B.
- the overmolded resilient portion 32 a may be provided over a portion of the elongated trigger hook 36 .
- the proximal surface of the elongated trigger hook 32 remains uncoated or coated with a non-resilient substrate to enable the user to easily slide their fingers in and out of the aperture 38 .
- the geometry of the trigger forms a fully closed loop which defines an aperture suitably sized to receive one or multiple fingers of the user therethrough.
- the fully closed loop trigger also may comprise a resilient portion molded over the trigger substrate.
- the fixed handle 34 comprises a proximal contact surface 40 and a grip anchor or saddle surface 42 .
- the saddle surface 42 rests on the web where the thumb and the index finger are joined on the hand.
- the proximal contact surface 40 has a pistol grip contour that receives the palm of the hand in a normal pistol grip with no rings or apertures.
- the profile curve of the proximal contact surface 40 may be contoured to accommodate or receive the palm of the hand.
- a stabilization tail 44 is located towards a more proximal portion of the handle assembly 12 .
- the stabilization tail 44 may be in contact with the uppermost web portion of the hand located between the thumb and the index finger to stabilize the handle assembly 12 and make the handle assembly 12 more controllable.
- the switch assembly 28 may comprise a toggle switch 30 .
- the toggle switch 30 may be implemented as a single component with a central pivot 304 located within inside the handle assembly 12 to eliminate the possibility of simultaneous activation.
- the toggle switch 30 comprises a first projecting knob 30 a and a second projecting knob 30 b to set the power setting of the ultrasonic transducer 16 between a minimum power level (e.g., MIN) and a maximum power level (e.g., MAX).
- the rocker switch may pivot between a standard setting and a special setting. The special setting may allow one or more special programs to be implemented by the device.
- the toggle switch 30 rotates about the central pivot as the first projecting knob 30 a and the second projecting knob 30 b are actuated.
- the one or more projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b are coupled to one or more arms that move through a small arc and cause electrical contacts to close or open an electric circuit to electrically energize or de-energize the ultrasonic transducer 16 in accordance with the activation of the first or second projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b .
- the toggle switch 30 is coupled to the generator 20 to control the activation of the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the toggle switch 30 comprises one or more electrical power setting switches to activate the ultrasonic transducer 16 to set one or more power settings for the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the forces required to activate the toggle switch 30 are directed substantially toward the saddle point 42 , thus avoiding any tendency of the instrument to rotate in the hand when the toggle switch 30 is activated.
- the first and second projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b are located on the distal end of the handle assembly 12 such that they can be easily accessible by the user to activate the power with minimal, or substantially no, repositioning of the hand grip, making it suitable to maintain control and keep attention focused on the surgical site (e.g., a monitor in a laparoscopic procedure) while activating the toggle switch 30 .
- the projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b may be configured to wrap around the side of the handle assembly 12 to some extent to be more easily accessible by variable finger lengths and to allow greater freedom of access to activation in awkward positions or for shorter fingers.
- the first projecting knob 30 a comprises a plurality of tactile elements 30 c , e.g., textured projections or “bumps” in the illustrated embodiment, to allow the user to differentiate the first projecting knob 30 a from the second projecting knob 30 b .
- tactile elements 30 c e.g., textured projections or “bumps” in the illustrated embodiment, to allow the user to differentiate the first projecting knob 30 a from the second projecting knob 30 b .
- the toggle switch 30 may be operated by the hand of the user. The user may easily access the first and second projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b at any point while also avoiding inadvertent or unintentional activation at any time.
- the toggle switch 30 may readily operated with a finger to control the power to the ultrasonic assembly 16 and/or to the ultrasonic assembly 16 .
- the index finger may be employed to activate the first contact portion 30 a to turn on the ultrasonic assembly 16 to a maximum (MAX) power level.
- the index finger may be employed to activate the second contact portion 30 b to turn on the ultrasonic assembly 16 to a minimum (MIN) power level.
- the rocker switch may pivot the instrument 10 between a standard setting and a special setting.
- the special setting may allow one or more special programs to be implemented by the instrument 10 .
- the toggle switch 30 may be operated without the user having to look at the first or second projecting knob 30 a , 30 b .
- the first projecting knob 30 a or the second projecting knob 30 b may comprise a texture or projections to tactilely differentiate between the first and second projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b without looking.
- the distal rotation assembly 13 is rotatable without limitation in either direction about a longitudinal axis “T.”
- the distal rotation assembly 13 is mechanically engaged to the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- the distal rotation assembly 13 is located on a distal end of the handle assembly 12 .
- the distal rotation assembly 13 comprises a cylindrical hub 46 and a rotation knob 48 formed over the hub 46 .
- the hub 46 mechanically engages the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- the rotation knob 48 may comprise fluted polymeric features and may be engaged by a finger (e.g., an index finger) to rotate the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- the hub 46 may comprise a material molded over the primary structure to form the rotation knob 48 .
- the rotation knob 48 may be overmolded over the hub 46 .
- the hub 46 comprises an end cap portion 46 a that is exposed at the distal end.
- the end cap portion 46 a of the hub 46 may contact the surface of a trocar during laparoscopic procedures.
- the hub 46 may be formed of a hard durable plastic such as polycarbonate to alleviate any friction that may occur between the end cap portion 46 a and the trocar.
- the rotation knob 48 may comprise “scallops” or flutes formed of raised ribs 48 a and concave portions 48 b located between the ribs 48 a to provide a more precise rotational grip.
- the rotation knob 48 may comprise a plurality of flutes (e.g., three or more flutes). In other embodiments, any suitable number of flutes may be employed.
- the rotation knob 48 may be formed of a softer polymeric material overmolded onto the hard plastic material.
- the rotation knob 48 may be formed of pliable, resilient, flexible polymeric materials including Versaflex® TPE alloys made by GLS Corporation, for example. This softer overmolded material may provide a greater grip and more precise control of the movement of the rotation knob 48 . It will be appreciated that any materials that provide adequate resistance to sterilization, are biocompatible, and provide adequate frictional resistance to surgical gloves may be employed to form the rotation knob 48 .
- the handle assembly 12 is formed from two (2) housing portions or shrouds comprising a first portion 12 a and a second portion 12 b . From the perspective of a user viewing the handle assembly 12 from the distal end towards the proximal end, the first portion 12 a is considered the right portion and the second portion 12 b is considered the left portion.
- Each of the first and second portions 12 a , 12 b includes a plurality of interfaces 69 ( FIG. 5 ) dimensioned to mechanically align and engage each another to form the handle assembly 12 and enclosing the internal working components thereof.
- the fixed handle 34 which is integrally associated with the handle assembly 12 , takes shape upon the assembly of the first and second portions 12 a and 12 b of the handle assembly 12 .
- a plurality of additional interfaces may be disposed at various points around the periphery of the first and second portions 12 a and 12 b of the handle assembly 12 for ultrasonic welding purposes, e.g., energy direction/deflection points.
- the first and second portions 12 a and 12 b (as well as the other components described below) may be assembled together in any fashion known in the art. For example, alignment pins, snap-like interfaces, tongue and groove interfaces, locking tabs, adhesive ports, may all be utilized either alone or in combination for assembly purposes.
- the elongated shaft assembly 14 comprises a proximal end 50 adapted to mechanically engage the handle assembly 12 and the distal rotation assembly 13 ; and a distal end 52 adapted to mechanically engage the end effector assembly 26 .
- the elongated shaft assembly 14 comprises an outer tubular sheath 56 and a reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 located within the outer tubular sheath 56 .
- the proximal end of the tubular reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to the trigger 32 of the handle assembly 12 to move in either direction 60 A or 60 B in response to the actuation and/or release of the trigger 32 .
- the pivotably moveable trigger 32 may generate reciprocating motion along the longitudinal axis “T.” Such motion may be used, for example, to actuate the jaws or clamping mechanism of the end effector assembly 26 .
- a series of linkages translate the pivotal rotation of the trigger 32 to axial movement of a yoke coupled to an actuation mechanism, which controls the opening and closing of the jaws of the clamping mechanism of the end effector assembly 26 .
- the distal end of the tubular reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to the end effector assembly 26 .
- the distal end of the tubular reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to a clamp arm assembly 64 , which is pivotable about a pivot point 70 , to open and close the clamp arm assembly 64 in response to the actuation and/or release of the trigger 32 .
- the clamp arm assembly 64 is movable in direction 62 A from an open position to a closed position about a pivot point 70 when the trigger 32 is squeezed in direction 33 A.
- the clamp arm assembly 64 is movable in direction 62 B from a closed position to an open position about the pivot point 70 when the trigger 32 is released or outwardly contacted in direction 33 B.
- the end effector assembly 26 is attached at the distal end 52 of the elongated shaft assembly 14 and includes a clamp arm assembly 64 and a blade 66 .
- the jaws of the clamping mechanism of the end effector assembly 26 are formed by clamp arm assembly 64 and the blade 66 .
- the blade 66 is ultrasonically actuatable and is acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the trigger 32 on the handle assembly 12 is ultimately connected to a drive assembly, which together, mechanically cooperate to effect movement of the clamp arm assembly 64 .
- Squeezing the trigger 32 in direction 33 A moves the clamp arm assembly 64 in direction 62 A from an open position, wherein the clamp arm assembly 64 and the blade 66 are disposed in a spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamped or closed position, wherein the clamp arm assembly 64 and the blade 66 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.
- the clamp arm assembly 64 may comprise a clamp pad 69 to engage tissue between the blade 66 and the clamp arm 64 .
- Releasing the trigger 32 in direction 33 B moves the clamp arm assembly 64 in direction 62 B from a closed relationship, to an open position, wherein the clamp arm assembly 64 and the blade 66 are disposed in a spaced relation relative to one another.
- the proximal portion of the handle assembly 12 comprises a proximal opening 68 to receive the distal end of the ultrasonic assembly 16 .
- the ultrasonic assembly 16 is inserted in the proximal opening 68 and is mechanically engaged to the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- the elongated trigger hook 36 portion of the trigger 32 provides a longer trigger lever with a shorter span and rotation travel.
- the longer lever of the elongated trigger hook 36 allows the user to employ multiple fingers within the aperture 38 to operate the elongated trigger hook 36 and cause the trigger 32 to pivot in direction 33 B to open the jaws of the end effector assembly 26 .
- the user may insert three fingers (e.g., the middle, ring, and little fingers) in the aperture 38 . Multiple fingers allows the surgeon to exert higher input forces on the trigger 32 and the elongated trigger hook 326 to activate the end effector assembly 26 .
- the shorter span and rotation travel creates a more comfortable grip when closing or squeezing the trigger 32 in direction 33 A or when opening the trigger 32 in the outward opening motion in direction 33 B lessening the need to extend the fingers further outward. This substantially lessens hand fatigue and strain associated with the outward opening motion of the trigger 32 in direction 33 B.
- the outward opening motion of the trigger may be spring-assisted by spring element 98 ( FIG. 5 ) to help alleviate fatigue.
- the opening spring force is sufficient to assist the ease of opening, but not strong enough to adversely impact the tactile feedback of tissue tension during spreading dissection.
- either the index finger may be used to control the rotation of the elongated shaft assembly 14 to locate the jaws of the end effector assembly 26 in a suitable orientation.
- the middle and/or the other lower fingers may be used to squeeze the trigger 32 and grasp tissue within the jaws.
- the index finger can be used to activate the toggle switch 30 to adjust the power level of the ultrasonic transducer 16 to treat the tissue.
- the user may release the trigger 32 by pushing outwardly in the distal direction against the elongated trigger hook 36 with the middle and/or lower fingers to open the jaws of the end effector assembly 26 .
- This basic procedure may be performed without the user having to adjust their grip of the handle assembly 12 .
- FIGS. 3-4 illustrate the connection of the elongated shaft assembly 14 relative to the end effector assembly 26 .
- the end effector assembly 26 comprises a clamp arm assembly 64 and a blade 66 to form the jaws of the clamping mechanism.
- the blade 66 may be an ultrasonically actuatable blade acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the trigger 32 is mechanically connected to a drive assembly.
- the trigger 32 and the drive assembly mechanically cooperate to move the clamp arm assembly 64 to an open position in direction 62 A wherein the clamp arm assembly 64 and the blade 66 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamped or closed position in direction 62 B wherein the clamp arm assembly 64 and the blade 66 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.
- the clamp arm assembly 64 may comprise a clamp pad 69 to engage tissue between the blade 66 and the clamp arm 64 .
- the distal end of the tubular reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to the end effector assembly 26 .
- the distal end of the tubular reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to the clamp arm assembly 64 , which is pivotable about the pivot point 70 , to open and close the clamp arm assembly 64 in response to the actuation and/or release of the trigger 32 .
- the clamp arm assembly 64 is movable from an open position to a closed position in direction 62 B about a pivot point 70 when the trigger 32 is squeezed in direction 33 A.
- the clamp arm assembly 64 is movable from a closed position to an open position in direction 62 A about the pivot point 70 when the trigger 32 is released or outwardly contacted in direction 33 B.
- the clamp arm assembly 64 may comprise electrodes electrically coupled to the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 to receive therapeutic and/or sub-therapeutic energy, where the electrosurgical/RF energy may be applied to the electrodes either simultaneously or non simultaneously with the ultrasonic energy being applied to the blade 66 .
- Such energy activations may be applied in any suitable combinations to achieve a desired tissue effect in cooperation with an algorithm or other control logic.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 shown in FIG. 2 .
- the exploded view shows the internal elements of the handle assembly 12 , the handle assembly 12 , the distal rotation assembly 13 , the switch assembly 28 , and the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- the first and second portions 12 a , 12 b mate to form the handle assembly 12 .
- the first and second portions 12 a , 12 b each comprises a plurality of interfaces 69 dimensioned to mechanically align and engage one another to form the handle assembly 12 and enclose the internal working components of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 .
- the rotation knob 48 is mechanically engaged to the outer tubular sheath 56 so that it may be rotated in circular direction 54 up to 360°.
- the outer tubular sheath 56 is located over the reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 , which is mechanically engaged to and retained within the handle assembly 12 via a plurality of coupling elements 72 .
- the coupling elements 72 may comprise an O-ring 72 a , a tube collar cap 72 b , a distal washer 72 c , a proximal washer 72 d , and a thread tube collar 72 e .
- the reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 is located within a reciprocating yoke 84 , which is retained between the first and second portions 12 a , 12 b of the handle assembly 12 .
- the yoke 84 is part of a reciprocating yoke assembly 88 .
- a series of linkages translate the pivotal rotation of the elongated trigger hook 32 to the axial movement of the reciprocating yoke 84 , which controls the opening and closing of the jaws of the clamping mechanism of the end effector assembly 26 at the distal end of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 .
- a four-link design provides mechanical advantage in a relatively short rotation span, for example.
- an ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is disposed inside the reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 .
- the distal end 52 of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is acoustically coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly mechanically coupled) to the blade 66 and the proximal end 50 of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is received within the handle assembly 12 .
- the proximal end 50 of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is adapted to acoustically couple to the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer 16 as discussed in more detail below.
- the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is isolated from the other elements of the elongated shaft assembly 14 by a protective sheath 80 and a plurality of isolation elements 82 , such as silicone rings.
- the outer tubular sheath 56 , the reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 , and the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 are mechanically engaged by a pin 74 .
- the switch assembly 28 comprises the toggle switch 30 and electrical elements 86 a,b to electrically energize the ultrasonic transducer 16 in accordance with the activation of the first or second projecting knobs 30 a , 30 b.
- the outer tubular sheath 56 isolates the user or the patient from the ultrasonic vibrations of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 .
- the outer tubular sheath 56 generally includes a hub 76 .
- the outer tubular sheath 56 is threaded onto the distal end of the handle assembly 12 .
- the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 extends through the opening of the outer tubular sheath 56 and the isolation elements 82 isolate the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 24 from the outer tubular sheath 56 .
- the outer tubular sheath 56 may be attached to the waveguide 78 with the pin 74 .
- the hole to receive the pin 74 in the waveguide 78 may occur nominally at a displacement node.
- the waveguide 78 may screw or snap into the hand piece handle assembly 12 by a stud. Flat portions on the hub 76 may allow the assembly to be torqued to a required level.
- the hub 76 portion of the outer tubular sheath 56 is preferably constructed from plastic and the tubular elongated portion of the outer tubular sheath 56 is fabricated from stainless steel.
- the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may comprise polymeric material surrounding it to isolate it from outside contact.
- the distal end of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be coupled to the proximal end of the blade 66 by an internal threaded connection, preferably at or near an antinode. It is contemplated that the blade 66 may be attached to the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 by any suitable means, such as a welded joint or the like. Although the blade 66 may be detachable from the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 , it is also contemplated that the single element end effector (e.g., the blade 66 ) and the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be formed as a single unitary piece.
- the trigger 32 is coupled to a linkage mechanism to translate the rotational motion of the trigger 32 in directions 33 A and 33 B to the linear motion of the reciprocating tubular actuating member 58 in corresponding directions 60 A and 60 B.
- the trigger 32 comprises a first set of flanges 98 with openings formed therein to receive a first yoke pin 92 a .
- the first yoke pin 92 a is also located through a set of openings formed at the distal end of the yoke 84 .
- the trigger 32 also comprises a second set of flanges 96 to receive a first end 92 a of a link 92 .
- a trigger pin 90 is received in openings formed in the link 92 and the second set of flanges 96 .
- the trigger pin 90 is received in the openings formed in the link 92 and the second set of flanges 96 and is adapted to couple to the first and second portions 12 a , 12 b of the handle assembly 12 to form a trigger pivot point for the trigger 32 .
- a second end 92 b of the link 92 is received in a slot 384 formed in a proximal end of the yoke 84 and is retained therein by a second yoke pin 94 b .
- FIG. 8 illustrates one example embodiment of an ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 .
- a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic transducer 16 is shown within a partial cutaway view of the handle assembly 12 .
- One example embodiment of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 comprises the ultrasonic signal generator 20 coupled to the ultrasonic transducer 16 , comprising a hand piece housing 99 , and an ultrasonically actuatable single or multiple element end effector assembly 26 .
- the end effector assembly 26 comprises the ultrasonically actuatable blade 66 and the clamp arm 64 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 16 which is known as a “Langevin stack”, generally includes a transduction portion 100 , a first resonator portion or end-bell 102 , and a second resonator portion or fore-bell 104 , and ancillary components. The total construction of these components is a resonator.
- An acoustic assembly 106 includes the ultrasonic transducer 16 , a nose cone 108 , a velocity transformer 118 , and a surface 110 .
- the distal end of the end-bell 102 is connected to the proximal end of the transduction portion 100
- the proximal end of the fore-bell 104 is connected to the distal end of the transduction portion 100 .
- the fore-bell 104 and the end-bell 102 have a length determined by a number of variables, including the thickness of the transduction portion 100 , the density and modulus of elasticity of the material used to manufacture the end-bell 102 and the fore-bell 22 , and the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the fore-bell 104 may be tapered inwardly from its proximal end to its distal end to amplify the ultrasonic vibration amplitude as the velocity transformer 118 , or alternately may have no amplification.
- a suitable vibrational frequency range may be about 20 Hz to 32 kHz and a well-suited vibrational frequency range may be about 30-10 kHz.
- a suitable operational vibrational frequency may be approximately 55.5 kHz, for example.
- the piezoelectric elements 112 may be fabricated from any suitable material, such as, for example, lead zirconate-titanate, lead meta-niobate, lead titanate, barium titanate, or other piezoelectric ceramic material.
- Each of positive electrodes 114 , negative electrodes 116 , and the piezoelectric elements 112 has a bore extending through the center.
- the positive and negative electrodes 114 and 116 are electrically coupled to wires 120 and 122 , respectively.
- the wires 120 and 122 are encased within the cable 22 and electrically connectable to the ultrasonic signal generator 20 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 16 of the acoustic assembly 106 converts the electrical signal from the ultrasonic signal generator 20 into mechanical energy that results in primarily a standing acoustic wave of longitudinal vibratory motion of the ultrasonic transducer 16 and the blade 66 portion of the end effector assembly 26 at ultrasonic frequencies.
- the vibratory motion of the ultrasonic transducer may act in a different direction.
- the vibratory motion may comprise a local longitudinal component of a more complicated motion of the tip of the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- a suitable generator is available as model number GEN11, from Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
- the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10 is designed to operate at a resonance such that an acoustic standing wave pattern of predetermined amplitude is produced.
- the amplitude of the vibratory motion at any point along the acoustic assembly 106 depends upon the location along the acoustic assembly 106 at which the vibratory motion is measured.
- a minimum or zero crossing in the vibratory motion standing wave is generally referred to as a node (i.e., where motion is minimal), and a local absolute value maximum or peak in the standing wave is generally referred to as an anti-node (e.g., where local motion is maximal).
- the distance between an anti-node and its nearest node is one-quarter wavelength ( ⁇ /4).
- the wires 120 and 122 transmit an electrical signal from the ultrasonic signal generator 20 to the positive electrodes 114 and the negative electrodes 116 .
- the piezoelectric elements 112 are energized by the electrical signal supplied from the ultrasonic signal generator 20 in response to an actuator 224 , such as a foot switch, for example, to produce an acoustic standing wave in the acoustic assembly 106 .
- the electrical signal causes disturbances in the piezoelectric elements 112 in the form of repeated small displacements resulting in large alternating compression and tension forces within the material.
- the repeated small displacements cause the piezoelectric elements 112 to expand and contract in a continuous manner along the axis of the voltage gradient, producing longitudinal waves of ultrasonic energy.
- the ultrasonic energy is transmitted through the acoustic assembly 106 to the blade 66 portion of the end effector assembly 26 via a transmission component or an ultrasonic transmission waveguide portion 78 of the elongated shaft assembly 14 .
- the acoustic assembly 106 in order for the acoustic assembly 106 to deliver energy to the blade 66 portion of the end effector assembly 26 , all components of the acoustic assembly 106 must be acoustically coupled to the blade 66 .
- the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer 16 may be acoustically coupled at the surface 110 to the proximal end of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 by a threaded connection such as a stud 124 .
- the components of the acoustic assembly 106 are preferably acoustically tuned such that the length of any assembly is an integral number of one-half wavelengths (n ⁇ /2), where the wavelength ⁇ is the wavelength of a pre-selected or operating longitudinal vibration drive frequency f d of the acoustic assembly 106 . It is also contemplated that the acoustic assembly 106 may incorporate any suitable arrangement of acoustic elements.
- the blade 66 may have a length substantially equal to an integral multiple of one-half system wavelengths (n ⁇ /2). A distal end of the blade 66 may be disposed near an antinode in order to provide the maximum longitudinal excursion of the distal end. When the transducer assembly is energized, the distal end of the blade 66 may be configured to move in the range of, for example, approximately 10 to 500 microns peak-to-peak, and preferably in the range of about 30 to 64 microns at a predetermined vibrational frequency of 55 kHz, for example.
- the blade 66 may be coupled to the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 .
- the blade 66 and the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 as illustrated are formed as a single unit construction from a material suitable for transmission of ultrasonic energy. Examples of such materials include Ti6Al4V (an alloy of Titanium including Aluminum and Vanadium), Aluminum, Stainless Steel, or other suitable materials.
- the blade 66 may be separable (and of differing composition) from the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 , and coupled by, for example, a stud, weld, glue, quick connect, or other suitable known methods.
- the length of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be substantially equal to an integral number of one-half wavelengths (n ⁇ /2), for example.
- the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be preferably fabricated from a solid core shaft constructed out of material suitable to propagate ultrasonic energy efficiently, such as the titanium alloy discussed above (i.e., Ti6Al4V) or any suitable aluminum alloy, or other alloys, for example.
- material suitable to propagate ultrasonic energy efficiently such as the titanium alloy discussed above (i.e., Ti6Al4V) or any suitable aluminum alloy, or other alloys, for example.
- the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 comprises a longitudinally projecting attachment post at a proximal end to couple to the surface 110 of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 by a threaded connection such as the stud 124 .
- the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may include a plurality of stabilizing silicone rings or compliant supports 82 ( FIG. 5 ) positioned at a plurality of nodes. The silicone rings 82 dampen undesirable vibration and isolate the ultrasonic energy from an outer protective sheath 80 ( FIG. 5 ) assuring the flow of ultrasonic energy in a longitudinal direction to the distal end of the blade 66 with maximum efficiency.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one example embodiment of the proximal rotation assembly 128 .
- the proximal rotation assembly 128 comprises the proximal rotation knob 134 inserted over the cylindrical hub 135 .
- the proximal rotation knob 134 comprises a plurality of radial projections 138 that are received in corresponding slots 130 formed on a proximal end of the cylindrical hub 135 .
- the proximal rotation knob 134 defines an opening 142 to receive the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the radial projections 138 are formed of a soft polymeric material and define a diameter that is undersized relative to the outside diameter of the ultrasonic transducer 16 to create a friction interference fit when the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the polymeric radial projections 138 protrude radially into the opening 142 to form “gripper” ribs that firmly grip the exterior housing of the ultrasonic transducer 16 . Therefore, the proximal rotation knob 134 securely grips the ultrasonic transducer 16 .
- the distal end of the cylindrical hub 135 comprises a circumferential lip 132 and a circumferential bearing surface 140 .
- the circumferential lip engages a groove formed in the housing 12 and the circumferential bearing surface 140 engages the housing 12 .
- the circumferential lip 132 of the cylindrical hub 135 is located or “trapped” between the first and second housing portions 12 a , 12 b and is free to rotate in place within the groove.
- the circumferential bearing surface 140 bears against interior portions of the housing to assist proper rotation.
- the cylindrical hub 135 is free to rotate in place within the housing.
- the user engages the flutes 136 formed on the proximal rotation knob 134 with either the finger or the thumb to rotate the cylindrical hub 135 within the housing 12 .
- the cylindrical hub 135 may be formed of a durable plastic such as polycarbonate. In one example embodiment, the cylindrical hub 135 may be formed of a siliconized polycarbonate material. In one example embodiment, the proximal rotation knob 134 may be formed of pliable, resilient, flexible polymeric materials including Versaflex® TPE alloys made by GLS Corporation, for example. The proximal rotation knob 134 may be formed of elastomeric materials, thermoplastic rubber known as Santoprene®, other thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), or elastomers, for example. The embodiments, however, are not limited in this context.
- FIG. 10 illustrates one example embodiment of a surgical system 200 including a surgical instrument 210 having single element end effector 278 .
- the system 200 may include a transducer assembly 216 coupled to the end effector 278 and a sheath 256 positioned around the proximal portions of the end effector 278 as shown.
- the transducer assembly 216 and end effector 278 may operate in a manner similar to that of the transducer assembly 16 and end effector 18 described above to produce ultrasonic energy that may be transmitted to tissue via blade 226 ′
- Robotic surgical systems can be used with many different types of surgical instruments including, for example, ultrasonic instruments, as described herein.
- Example robotic systems include those manufactured by Intuitive Surgical, Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif., U.S.A.
- Such systems, as well as robotic systems from other manufacturers, are disclosed in the following U.S. patents which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety: U.S. Pat. No.
- FIGS. 11-26 illustrate example embodiments of robotic surgical systems.
- the disclosed robotic surgical systems may utilize the ultrasonic or electrosurgical instruments described herein.
- the illustrated robotic surgical systems are not limited to only those instruments described herein, and may utilize any compatible surgical instruments.
- the disclosure is not so limited, and may be used with any compatible robotic surgical system.
- FIGS. 11-16 illustrate the structure and operation of several example robotic surgical systems and components thereof.
- FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of an example robotic surgical system 1000 .
- the system 1000 comprises at least one controller 508 and at least one arm cart 510 .
- the arm cart 510 may be mechanically coupled to one or more robotic manipulators or arms, indicated by box 512 .
- Each of the robotic arms 512 may comprise one or more surgical instruments 514 for performing various surgical tasks on a patient 504 . Operation of the arm cart 510 , including the arms 512 and instruments 514 may be directed by a clinician 502 from a controller 508 .
- a second controller 508 ′ operated by a second clinician 502 ′ may also direct operation of the arm cart 510 in conjunction with the first clinician 502 ′.
- each of the clinicians 502 , 502 ′ may control different arms 512 of the cart or, in some cases, complete control of the arm cart 510 may be passed between the clinicians 502 , 502 ′.
- additional arm carts (not shown) may be utilized on the patient 504 . These additional arm carts may be controlled by one or more of the controllers 508 , 508 ′.
- the arm cart(s) 510 and controllers 508 , 508 ′ may be in communication with one another via a communications link 516 , which may be any suitable type of wired or wireless communications link carrying any suitable type of signal (e.g., electrical, optical, infrared, etc.) according to any suitable communications protocol.
- a communications link 516 may be any suitable type of wired or wireless communications link carrying any suitable type of signal (e.g., electrical, optical, infrared, etc.) according to any suitable communications protocol.
- Example implementations of robotic surgical systems, such as the system 1000 are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,524,320 which has been herein incorporated by reference. Thus, various details of such devices will not be described in detail herein beyond that which may be necessary to understand various embodiments of the claimed device.
- FIG. 12 shows one example embodiment of a robotic arm cart 520 .
- the robotic arm cart 520 is configured to actuate a plurality of surgical instruments or instruments, generally designated as 522 within a work envelope 519 .
- a plurality of surgical instruments or instruments generally designated as 522 within a work envelope 519 .
- Various robotic surgery systems and methods employing master controller and robotic arm cart arrangements are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,368, entitled “Multi-Component Telepresence System and Method”, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the robotic arm cart 520 includes a base 524 from which, in the illustrated embodiment, three surgical instruments 522 are supported.
- the surgical instruments 522 are each supported by a series of manually articulatable linkages, generally referred to as set-up joints 526 , and a robotic manipulator 528 .
- Cart 520 will generally have dimensions suitable for transporting the cart 520 between operating rooms.
- the cart 520 may be configured to typically fit through standard operating room doors and onto standard hospital elevators.
- the cart 520 would preferably have a weight and include a wheel (or other transportation) system that allows the cart 520 to be positioned adjacent an operating table by a single attendant.
- FIG. 13 shows one example embodiment of the robotic manipulator 528 of the robotic arm cart 520 .
- the robotic manipulators 528 may include a linkage 530 that constrains movement of the surgical instrument 522 .
- linkage 530 includes rigid links coupled together by rotational joints in a parallelogram arrangement so that the surgical instrument 522 rotates around a point in space 532 , as more fully described in issued U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,084, the full disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
- the parallelogram arrangement constrains rotation to pivoting about an axis 534 a , sometimes called the pitch axis.
- the links supporting the parallelogram linkage are pivotally mounted to set-up joints 526 ( FIG.
- the surgical instrument 522 may have further degrees of driven freedom as supported by manipulator 540 , including sliding motion of the surgical instrument 522 along the longitudinal instrument axis “LT-LT”. As the surgical instrument 522 slides along the instrument axis LT-LT relative to manipulator 540 (arrow 534 c ), remote center 536 remains fixed relative to base 542 of manipulator 540 .
- manipulator 540 is generally moved to re-position remote center 536 .
- Linkage 530 of manipulator 540 is driven by a series of motors 544 . These motors 544 actively move linkage 530 in response to commands from a processor of a control system. As will be discussed in further detail below, motors 544 are also employed to manipulate the surgical instrument 522 .
- FIG. 14 shows one example embodiment of a robotic arm cart 520 ′ having an alternative set-up joint structure.
- a surgical instrument 522 is supported by an alternative manipulator structure 528 ′ between two tissue manipulation instruments.
- an alternative manipulator structure 528 ′ between two tissue manipulation instruments.
- a robotic component and the processor of the robotic surgical system is primarily described herein with reference to communication between the surgical instrument 522 and the controller, it should be understood that similar communication may take place between circuitry of a manipulator, a set-up joint, an endoscope or other image capture device, or the like, and the processor of the robotic surgical system for component compatibility verification, component-type identification, component calibration (such as off-set or the like) communication, confirmation of coupling of the component to the robotic surgical system, or the like.
- FIG. 15 shows one example embodiment of a controller 518 that may be used in conjunction with a robotic arm cart, such as the robotic arm carts 520 , 520 ′ depicted in FIGS. 12-14 .
- the controller 518 generally includes master controllers (generally represented as 519 in FIG. 15 ) which are grasped by the clinician and manipulated in space while the clinician views the procedure via a stereo display 521 .
- a surgeon feed back meter 515 may be viewed via the display 521 and provide the surgeon with a visual indication of the amount of force being applied to the cutting instrument or dynamic clamping member.
- the master controllers 519 generally comprise manual input devices which preferably move with multiple degrees of freedom, and which often further have a handle or trigger for actuating instruments (for example, for closing grasping saws, applying an electrical potential to an electrode, or the like).
- FIG. 16 shows one example embodiment of an ultrasonic surgical instrument 522 adapted for use with a robotic surgical system.
- the surgical instrument 522 may be coupled to one of the surgical manipulators 528 , 528 ′ described hereinabove.
- the surgical instrument 522 comprises a surgical end effector 548 that comprises an ultrasonic blade 550 and clamp arm 552 , which may be coupled to an elongated shaft assembly 554 that, in some embodiments, may comprise an articulation joint 556 .
- FIG. 17 shows one example embodiment of an instrument drive assembly 546 that may be coupled to one of the surgical manipulators 528 , 528 ′ to receive and control the surgical instrument 522 .
- the instrument drive assembly 546 may also be operatively coupled to the controller 518 to receive inputs from the clinician for controlling the instrument 522 .
- actuation e.g., opening and closing
- actuation e.g., opening and closing
- actuation e.g., opening and closing
- the jaws 551 A, 551 B actuation of the ultrasonic blade 550
- extension of the knife 555 actuation of the energy delivery surfaces 553 A, 553 B, etc.
- the surgical instrument 522 is operably coupled to the manipulator by an instrument mounting portion, generally designated as 558 .
- the surgical instruments 522 further include an interface 560 which mechanically and electrically couples the instrument mounting portion 558 to the manipulator.
- FIG. 18 shows another view of the instrument drive assembly of FIG. 17 including the ultrasonic surgical instrument 522 .
- the instrument mounting portion 558 includes an instrument mounting plate 562 that operably supports a plurality of (four are shown in FIG. 17 ) rotatable body portions, driven discs or elements 564 , that each include a pair of pins 566 that extend from a surface of the driven element 564 .
- One pin 566 is closer to an axis of rotation of each driven elements 564 than the other pin 566 on the same driven element 564 , which helps to ensure positive angular alignment of the driven element 564 .
- the driven elements 564 and pints 566 may be positioned on an adapter side 567 of the instrument mounting plate 562 .
- Interface 560 also includes an adaptor portion 568 that is configured to mountingly engage the mounting plate 562 as will be further discussed below.
- the adaptor portion 568 may include an array of electrical connecting pins 570 , which may be coupled to a memory structure by a circuit board within the instrument mounting portion 558 . While interface 560 is described herein with reference to mechanical, electrical, and magnetic coupling elements, it should be understood that a wide variety of telemetry modalities might be used, including infrared, inductive coupling, or the like.
- FIGS. 19-21 show additional views of the adapter portion 568 of the instrument drive assembly 546 of FIG. 17 .
- the adapter portion 568 generally includes an instrument side 572 and a holder side 574 ( FIG. 19 ).
- a plurality of rotatable bodies 576 are mounted to a floating plate 578 which has a limited range of movement relative to the surrounding adaptor structure normal to the major surfaces of the adaptor 568 .
- Axial movement of the floating plate 578 helps decouple the rotatable bodies 576 from the instrument mounting portion 558 when the levers 580 along the sides of the instrument mounting portion housing 582 are actuated (See FIG.
- rotatable bodies 576 are resiliently mounted to floating plate 578 by resilient radial members which extend into a circumferential indentation about the rotatable bodies 576 .
- the rotatable bodies 576 can move axially relative to plate 578 by deflection of these resilient structures.
- the rotatable bodies 576 When disposed in a first axial position (toward instrument side 572 ) the rotatable bodies 576 are free to rotate without angular limitation.
- tabs 584 (extending radially from the rotatable bodies 576 ) laterally engage detents on the floating plates so as to limit angular rotation of the rotatable bodies 576 about their axes.
- This limited rotation can be used to help drivingly engage the rotatable bodies 576 with drive pins 586 of a corresponding instrument holder portion 588 of the robotic system, as the drive pins 586 will push the rotatable bodies 576 into the limited rotation position until the pins 586 are aligned with (and slide into) openings 590 .
- Openings 590 on the instrument side 572 and openings 590 on the holder side 574 of rotatable bodies 576 are configured to accurately align the driven elements 564 ( FIGS. 18 , 28 ) of the instrument mounting portion 558 with the drive elements 592 of the instrument holder 588 .
- the openings 590 are at differing distances from the axis of rotation on their respective rotatable bodies 576 so as to ensure that the alignment is not 33 degrees from its intended position.
- each of the openings 590 may be slightly radially elongated so as to fittingly receive the pins 566 in the circumferential orientation.
- Openings 590 on the instrument side 572 may be offset by about 90 degrees from the openings 590 (shown in broken lines) on the holder side 574 , as can be seen most clearly in FIG. 21 .
- Various embodiments may further include an array of electrical connector pins 570 located on holder side 574 of adaptor 568 , and the instrument side 572 of the adaptor 568 may include slots 594 ( FIG. 21 ) for receiving a pin array (not shown) from the instrument mounting portion 558 .
- at least some of these electrical connections may be coupled to an adaptor memory device 596 ( FIG. 20 ) by a circuit board of the adaptor 568 .
- a detachable latch arrangement 598 may be employed to releasably affix the adaptor 568 to the instrument holder 588 .
- instrument drive assembly when used in the context of the robotic system, at least encompasses various embodiments of the adapter 568 and instrument holder 588 and which has been generally designated as 546 in FIG. 17 .
- the instrument holder 588 may include a first latch pin arrangement 600 that is sized to be received in corresponding clevis slots 602 provided in the adaptor 568 .
- the instrument holder 588 may further have second latch pins 604 that are sized to be retained in corresponding latch clevises 606 in the adaptor 568 .
- a latch assembly 608 is movably supported on the adapter 568 and is biasable between a first latched position wherein the latch pins 600 are retained within their respective latch clevis 606 and an unlatched position wherein the second latch pins 604 may be into or removed from the latch clevises 606 .
- a spring or springs (not shown) are employed to bias the latch assembly into the latched position.
- a lip on the instrument side 572 of adaptor 568 may slidably receive laterally extending tabs of instrument mounting housing 582 .
- the driven elements 564 may be aligned with the drive elements 592 of the instrument holder 588 such that rotational motion of the drive elements 592 causes corresponding rotational motion of the driven elements 564 .
- the rotation of the drive elements 592 and driven elements 564 may be electronically controlled, for example, via the robotic arm 612 , in response to instructions received from the clinician 502 via a controller 508 .
- the instrument mounting portion 558 may translate rotation of the driven elements 564 into motion of the surgical instrument 522 , 523 .
- FIGS. 22-24 show one example embodiment of the instrument mounting portion 558 showing components for translating motion of the driven elements 564 into motion of the surgical instrument 522 .
- FIGS. 22-24 show the instrument mounting portion with a shaft 538 having a surgical end effector 610 at a distal end thereof.
- the end effector 610 may be any suitable type of end effector for performing a surgical task on a patient.
- the end effector may be configured to provide ultrasonic energy to tissue at a surgical site.
- the shaft 538 may be rotatably coupled to the instrument mounting portion 558 and secured by a top shaft holder 646 and a bottom shaft holder 648 at a coupler 650 of the shaft 538 .
- the instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a mechanism for translating rotation of the various driven elements 564 into rotation of the shaft 538 , differential translation of members along the axis of the shaft (e.g., for articulation), and reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the shaft 538 (e.g., for extending and retracting tissue cutting elements such as 555 , overtubes and/or other components).
- the rotatable bodies 612 e.g., rotatable spools
- the rotatable bodies 612 may be formed integrally with the driven elements 564 .
- the rotatable bodies 612 may be formed separately from the driven elements 564 provided that the rotatable bodies 612 and the driven elements 564 are fixedly coupled such that driving the driven elements 564 causes rotation of the rotatable bodies 612 .
- Each of the rotatable bodies 612 is coupled to a gear train or gear mechanism to provide shaft articulation and rotation and clamp jaw open/close and knife actuation.
- the instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a mechanism for causing differential translation of two or more members along the axis of the shaft 538 . In the example provided in FIGS. 22-24 , this motion is used to manipulate articulation joint 556 .
- the instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a rack and pinion gearing mechanism to provide the differential translation and thus the shaft articulation functionality.
- the rack and pinion gearing mechanism comprises a first pinion gear 614 coupled to a rotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding driven element 564 causes the first pinion gear 614 to rotate.
- a bearing 616 is coupled to the rotatable body 612 and is provided between the driven element 564 and the first pinion gear 614 .
- the first pinion gear 614 is meshed to a first rack gear 618 to convert the rotational motion of the first pinion gear 614 into linear motion of the first rack gear 618 to control the articulation of the articulation section 556 of the shaft assembly 538 in a left direction 620 L.
- the first rack gear 618 is attached to a first articulation band 622 ( FIG. 22 ) such that linear motion of the first rack gear 618 in a distal direction causes the articulation section 556 of the shaft assembly 538 to articulate in the left direction 620 L.
- a second pinion gear 626 is coupled to another rotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding driven element 564 causes the second pinion gear 626 to rotate.
- a bearing 616 is coupled to the rotatable body 612 and is provided between the driven element 564 and the second pinion gear 626 .
- the second pinion gear 626 is meshed to a second rack gear 628 to convert the rotational motion of the second pinion gear 626 into linear motion of the second rack gear 628 to control the articulation of the articulation section 556 in a right direction 620 R.
- the second rack gear 628 is attached to a second articulation band 624 ( FIG. 23 ) such that linear motion of the second rack gear 628 in a distal direction causes the articulation section 556 of the shaft assembly 538 to articulate in the right direction 620 R.
- Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example.
- the instrument mounting portion 558 further comprises a mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements 564 into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft 538 .
- the rotational motion may be rotation of the shaft 538 itself.
- a first spiral worm gear 630 coupled to a rotatable body 612 and a second spiral worm gear 632 coupled to the shaft assembly 538 .
- a bearing 616 ( FIG. 17 ) is coupled to a rotatable body 612 and is provided between a driven element 564 and the first spiral worm gear 630 .
- the first spiral worm gear 630 is meshed to the second spiral worm gear 632 , which may be coupled to the shaft assembly 538 and/or to another component of the instrument 522 , 523 for which longitudinal rotation is desired. Rotation may be caused in a clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) direction based on the rotational direction of the first and second spiral worm gears 630 , 632 . Accordingly, rotation of the first spiral worm gear 630 about a first axis is converted to rotation of the second spiral worm gear 632 about a second axis, which is orthogonal to the first axis. As shown in FIGS.
- a CW rotation of the second spiral worm gear 632 results in a CW rotation of the shaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634 CW.
- a CCW rotation of the second spiral worm gear 632 results in a CCW rotation of the shaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634 CCW.
- Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example.
- the instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the shaft 538 .
- Such translation may be used, for example to drive a tissue cutting element, such as 555 , drive an overtube for closure and/or articulation of the end effector 610 , etc.
- a rack and pinion gearing mechanism may provide the reciprocating translation.
- a first gear 636 is coupled to a rotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding driven element 564 causes the first gear 636 to rotate in a first direction.
- a second gear 638 is free to rotate about a post 640 formed in the instrument mounting plate 562 .
- the first gear 636 is meshed to the second gear 638 such that the second gear 638 rotates in a direction that is opposite of the first gear 636 .
- the second gear 638 is a pinion gear meshed to a rack gear 642 , which moves in a liner direction.
- the rack gear 642 is coupled to a translating block 644 , which may translate distally and proximally with the rack gear 642 .
- the translation block 644 may be coupled to any suitable component of the shaft assembly 538 and/or the end effector 610 so as to provide reciprocating longitudinal motion.
- the translation block 644 may be mechanically coupled to the tissue cutting element 555 of the RF surgical device 523 .
- the translation block 644 may be coupled to an overtube, or other component of the end effector 610 or shaft 538 .
- FIGS. 25-27 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion 558 showing an alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements 564 into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft 538 and an alternate example mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the shaft 538 .
- a first spiral worm gear 652 is coupled to a second spiral worm gear 654 , which is coupled to a third spiral worm gear 656 .
- the first spiral worm gear 652 is coupled to a rotatable body 612 .
- the third spiral worm gear 656 is meshed with a fourth spiral worm gear 658 coupled to the shaft assembly 538 .
- a bearing 760 is coupled to a rotatable body 612 and is provided between a driven element 564 and the first spiral worm gear 738 .
- Another bearing 760 is coupled to a rotatable body 612 and is provided between a driven element 564 and the third spiral worm gear 652 .
- the third spiral worm gear 652 is meshed to the fourth spiral worm gear 658 , which may be coupled to the shaft assembly 538 and/or to another component of the instrument 522 for which longitudinal rotation is desired. Rotation may be caused in a CW and a CCW direction based on the rotational direction of the spiral worm gears 656 , 658 .
- rotation of the third spiral worm gear 656 about a first axis is converted to rotation of the fourth spiral worm gear 658 about a second axis, which is orthogonal to the first axis.
- the fourth spiral worm gear 658 is coupled to the shaft 538 , and a CW rotation of the fourth spiral worm gear 658 results in a CW rotation of the shaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634 CW.
- a CCW rotation of the fourth spiral worm gear 658 results in a CCW rotation of the shaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634 CCW.
- Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example.
- the instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a rack and pinion gearing mechanism to provide reciprocating translation along the axis of the shaft 538 (e.g., translation of a tissue cutting element 555 of the RF surgical device 523 ).
- a third pinion gear 660 is coupled to a rotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding driven element 564 causes the third pinion gear 660 to rotate in a first direction.
- the third pinion gear 660 is meshed to a rack gear 662 , which moves in a linear direction.
- the rack gear 662 is coupled to a translating block 664 .
- the translating block 664 may be coupled to a component of the device 522 , 523 , such as, for example, the tissue cutting element 555 of the RF surgical device and/or an overtube or other component which is desired to be translated longitudinally.
- FIGS. 28-32 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion 558 showing another alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements 564 into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft 538 .
- the shaft 538 is coupled to the remainder of the mounting portion 558 via a coupler 676 and a bushing 678 .
- a first gear 666 coupled to a rotatable body 612 , a fixed post 668 comprising first and second openings 672 , first and second rotatable pins 674 coupled to the shaft assembly, and a cable 670 (or rope). The cable is wrapped around the rotatable body 612 .
- One end of the cable 670 is located through a top opening 672 of the fixed post 668 and fixedly coupled to a top rotatable pin 674 .
- Another end of the cable 670 is located through a bottom opening 672 of the fixed post 668 and fixedly coupled to a bottom rotating pin 674 .
- Such an arrangement is provided for various reasons including maintaining compatibility with existing robotic systems 1000 and/or where space may be limited. Accordingly, rotation of the rotatable body 612 causes the rotation about the shaft assembly 538 in a CW and a CCW direction based on the rotational direction of the rotatable body 612 (e.g., rotation of the shaft 538 itself).
- rotation of the rotatable body 612 about a first axis is converted to rotation of the shaft assembly 538 about a second axis, which is orthogonal to the first axis.
- a CW rotation of the rotatable body 612 results in a CW rotation of the shaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634 CW.
- a CCW rotation of the rotatable body 612 results in a CCW rotation of the shaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634 CCW.
- Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example.
- FIGS. 33-36A illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion 558 showing an alternate example mechanism for differential translation of members along the axis of the shaft 538 (e.g., for articulation).
- the instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a double cam mechanism 680 to provide the shaft articulation functionality.
- the double cam mechanism 680 comprises first and second cam portions 680 A, 680 B.
- First and second follower arms 682 , 684 are pivotally coupled to corresponding pivot spools 686 .
- the first cam portion 680 A acts on the first follower arm 682 and the second cam portion 680 B acts on the second follower arm 684 .
- the cam mechanism 680 rotates the follower arms 682 , 684 pivot about the pivot spools 686 .
- the first follower arm 682 may be attached to a first member that is to be differentially translated (e.g., the first articulation band 622 ).
- the second follower arm 684 is attached to a second member that is to be differentially translated (e.g., the second articulation band 624 ).
- the top cam portion 680 A acts on the first follower arm 682 , the first and second members are differentially translated.
- the shaft assembly 538 articulates in a left direction 620 L.
- the shaft assembly 538 articulates in a right direction 620 R.
- two separate bushings 688 , 690 are mounted beneath the respective first and second follower arms 682 , 684 to allow the rotation of the shaft without affecting the articulating positions of the first and second follower arms 682 , 684 .
- these bushings reciprocate with the first and second follower arms 682 , 684 without affecting the rotary position of the jaw 902 .
- FIG. 36A shows the bushings 688 , 690 and the dual cam assembly 680 , including the first and second cam portions 680 B, 680 B, with the first and second follower arms 682 , 684 removed to provide a more detailed and clearer view.
- the instrument mounting portion 558 may additionally comprise internal energy sources for driving electronics and provided desired ultrasonic and/or RF frequency signals to surgical tools.
- FIGS. 36B-36C illustrate one embodiment of a tool mounting portion 558 ′ comprising internal power and energy sources.
- surgical instruments e.g., instrument 522
- the functionality of the generator 20 described herein may be implemented on board the mounting portion 558 .
- the instrument mounting portion 558 ′ may comprise a distal portion 702 .
- the distal portion 702 may comprise various mechanisms for coupling rotation of drive elements 612 to end effectors of the various surgical instruments 522 , for example, as described herein above.
- the instrument mounting portion 558 ′ comprises an internal direct current (DC) energy source and an internal drive and control circuit 704 .
- the energy source comprises a first and second battery 706 , 708 .
- the tool mounting portion 558 ′ is similar to the various embodiments of the tool mounting portion 558 described herein above.
- the control circuit 704 may operate in a manner similar to that described above with respect to generator 20 .
- the control circuit 704 may provide an ultrasonic and/or electrosurgical drive signal in a manner similar to that described above with respect to generator 20 .
- FIG. 37 illustrates one embodiment of an articulatable surgical instrument 1000 comprising a distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 .
- An end effector 1014 of the instrument 1000 comprises an ultrasonic blade 1018 and a clamp arm 1016 .
- the end effector 1014 is coupled to a distal end of a shaft 1004 .
- the shaft 1004 extends along a longitudinal axis 1002 and comprises a distal shaft member 1007 and a proximal shaft member 1009 .
- the end effector 1014 may be coupled to a distal portion of the distal shaft member 1007 .
- the distal and proximal shaft members 1007 , 1009 are pivotably coupled to one another at an articulation joint 1010 .
- the distal and proximal shaft members 1007 , 1009 may be coupled to pivot about an axis 1006 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 1002 . Potential directions of articulation are indicated by arrow 1008 .
- a proximal end of the shaft 1009 is coupled to a handle 1001 .
- the handle 1001 may comprise various controls for controlling the operation of the shaft 1009 and end effector 1014 including, for example, trigger 1022 and buttons 1024 . These features may operate in a manner similar to that of trigger 24 and buttons 28 described herein above.
- the handle 1001 may comprise one or more electric or other motors to assist the clinician in operation of the shaft 1007 , 1009 and end effector 1014 . Examples of such handles are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,845,537, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- FIG 38 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1004 and end effector 1014 used in conjunction with an instrument mounting portion 1020 of a robotic surgical system.
- the shaft 1004 , end effector 1014 and instrument mounting portion 1020 may be used in conjunction with the robotic surgical system 500 described herein above.
- FIG. 39 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the shaft 1004 and end effector 1014 .
- the distal and proximal shaft portions 1007 , 1009 may comprise respective clevises 1026 , 1028 joined by a pin 1030 to form the articulation joint 1010 .
- the pin 1030 is substantially parallel to the axis 1006 ( FIGS. 37-38 ).
- the articulation joint 1010 is illustrated in FIG. 39 as being implemented with clevises 1026 , 1028 and a pin 1030 , it will be appreciated that any suitable type of pivotable joint mechanism may be used.
- FIG. 39 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the shaft 1004 and end effector 1014 .
- the distal and proximal shaft portions 1007 , 1009 may comprise respective clevises 1026 , 1028 joined by a pin 1030 to form the articulation joint 1010 .
- the pin 1030 is substantially parallel to the axis 1006 ( FIG
- a power wire 1038 may be coupled to the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 , and specifically to an ultrasonic transducer 1040 thereof, so as to connect the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 to a generator, such as the generator 20 described herein.
- articulation of the distal shaft member 1007 and end effector 1014 may be brought about utilizing translating articulation control members 1032 , 1034 .
- the control members 1032 , 1034 may be substantially opposite the longitudinal axis 1002 from one another. Distal portions of the control members 1032 , 1034 may be coupled to either the end effector 1014 or the distal shaft member 1007 .
- the control members 1032 , 1034 are illustrated in FIG. 39 to be coupled to the distal shaft member 1007 by pegs 1046 , 1048 .
- the control members 1032 , 1034 extend proximally past the articulation joint 1010 and through the proximal shaft portion 1009 .
- the control members 1032 , 1034 may be differentially translated to cause articulation of the end effector 1014 and distal shaft portion 1007 .
- proximal translation of the control member 1034 may cause the distal shaft member 1007 and end effector 1014 to pivot towards the control member 1034 , as shown in FIG. 39 and indicated by arrow 1041 .
- proximal translation of the control member 1032 may cause the distal shaft member 1007 and end effector 1014 to pivot towards the control member 1032 in a manner opposite to that shown in FIG. 39 .
- proximal translation of one control member 1032 , 1034 may occur in conjunction with distal translation of the opposite control member, for example, to provide slack in the opposite control member 1032 , 1034 so as to facilitate articulation.
- FIGS. 40-40A illustrate one embodiment for driving differential translation of the control members 1032 , 1034 in conjunction with a manual instrument, such as 1000 .
- FIG. 40 shows the instrument 1000 including an articulation assembly 1050 including an articulation lever 1052 .
- the articulation lever 1052 is coupled to a spindle gear 1058 .
- Each of the control members 1032 , 1034 may define respective proximal rack gears 1054 , 1056 interfacing with the spindle gear 1058 .
- Rotation of the articulation lever 1052 and spindle gear 1058 in a first direction, indicated by arrow 1060 may cause distal translation of control member 1032 and proximal translation of control member 1034 .
- Rotation of the articulation lever 1052 in the opposite direction, indicated by arrow 1062 may cause distal translation of control member 1034 and proximal translation of control member 1032 .
- FIG. 41 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 .
- the assembly 1012 comprises an outer housing 1064 enclosing the ultrasonic transducer 1040 .
- the transducer may be in electrical communication with a generator via power cable 1038 , as described herein.
- the ultrasonic transducer 1040 is acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic blade 1018 .
- the transducer 1040 may be secured within the housing 1064 by washers 1070 , which may be made from silicone or another suitable material.
- the housing 1064 defines proximal ( 1066 ) and distal ( 1068 ) hinge portions, which may be utilized, as described herein, to couple the assembly 1012 to a clamp arm member, for example, as described herein.
- FIG. 42 illustrates one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamp arm 1016 arranged as part of a four-bar linkage.
- the clamp arm 1016 may comprise a clamp pad 1076 positioned to contact the ultrasonic blade 1018 when the clamp arm 1016 is in the closed position.
- the clamp arm 1016 may further comprise a proximal member 1078 pivotably coupled to the transducer assembly 1012 at pivot point 1072 .
- the pivot point 1072 may be any suitable type of mechanical pivot and may, for example, comprise a pin, as shown.
- the proximal member 1078 may extend further proximally from the pivot point 1072 and, at or near a proximal end, may be pivotably coupled to a linkage member 1074 at a pivot point 1075 .
- a proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be pivotably coupled to a linkage member 1076 at pivot point 1077 .
- the linkage members 1074 , 1076 may be pivotably coupled to one another, and to the clamp arm control member 1044 , at a pivot point 1080 . Proximal and distal translation of the clamp arm control member 1044 may transition the clamp arm 1016 and ultrasonic blade 1018 between open and closed positions, as described herein.
- the clamp arm 1016 comprises a second proximal member 1078 ′ such that the proximal members 1078 , 1078 ′ straddle the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and be pivotably coupled to a second linkage member 1074 ′.
- a second linkage member 1076 ′ may be pivotably coupled to the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 in a manner similar to that of linkage member 1078 .
- All of the linkage members 1074 , 1074 ′, 1078 , 1078 ′ may be pivotably coupled to one another at pivot point 1080 .
- pivot point 1075 may comprise a bar 1082 extending between proximal member/linkage member 1078 / 1074 and proximal member/linkage member 1078 ′/ 1074 ′.
- a similar bar 1084 may be positioned at pivot point 1080 .
- FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamp arm 1016 , arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , coupled to the distal shaft portion 1007 and in an open position.
- the distal shaft portion 1007 comprises a clevis arm 1086 that is pivotably coupled to the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamp arm 1016 at the pivot point 1072 such that the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 , the clamp arm 1016 and the clevis arm 1086 are all pivotable relative to one another.
- a second clevis arm (not shown) is present on an opposite side of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamp arm 1016 .
- clamp arm control member 1044 is translated distally in the direction indicated by arrow 1088 . This pushes the linkage members 1074 , 1076 apart and, in turn, causes the clamp arm 1016 and blade 1018 (e.g., coupled to the assembly 1012 ) to pivot away from one another about the pivot point 1072 to the position shown.
- FIG. 44 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamp arm 1016 , arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , coupled to the distal shaft portion 1007 and in a closed position.
- the clamp arm control member 1044 has been pulled proximally in the direction of arrow 1090 .
- This pulls linkage members 1074 , 1076 moving the pivot points 1075 , 1077 towards one another in the directions indicated by arrows 1092 , 1094 .
- the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 are pivoted about the pivot point 1072 towards one another in the direction of arrows 1096 , 1098 to the closed position illustrated.
- Distal and proximal translation of the clamp arm control member 1044 may be brought about in any suitable manner.
- the clamp arm control member 1044 may be distally and proximally translated in manner similar to that described above with respect to the tubular actuating member 58 .
- the clamp arm control member 1044 may be distally and proximally translated in a manner similar to that described herein above with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- FIGS. 45 and 46 illustrate side views of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm of FIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , including proximal portions of the shaft 1004 .
- the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 are shown in the closed position, similar to FIG. 44 .
- Proximal shaft portion 1009 is shown extending from a trocar 1100 .
- the distal shaft portion 1007 and end effector 1014 are shown articulated about the articulation joint 1010 in the direction indicated by arrows 1102 .
- the clamp arm control member 1044 is pulled proximally, as indicated by arrow 1090 and is shown bent around the articulation joint 1010 .
- FIG. 45 illustrate side views of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm of FIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated in FIG. 42 , including proximal portions of the shaft 1004 .
- the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 are shown in the closed position, similar
- FIGS. 47-48 illustrate one embodiment of an end effector 1014 ′ having an alternately shaped ultrasonic blade 1018 ′ and clamp arm 1016 ′.
- FIG. 49 illustrates one embodiment of another end effector 1014 ′′ comprising a flexible ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 ′.
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 ′ comprises a distal transducer portion 1103 and a proximal transducer portion 1104 coupled by a bendable intermediate portion 1106 .
- the proximal transducer portion 1104 may be coupled to a proximal transducer bracket 1108 .
- the transducer portion 1104 may be coupled to the bracket 1108 utilizing various disks 1070 that may be positioned at nodes of the transducer.
- the bracket 1108 may be pivotably coupled to the linkage member 1074 at pivot point 1080 .
- the distal transducer portion 1103 may be coupled to a distal bracket 1110 , again, for example, utilizing disks 1070 at transducer nodes.
- the distal bracket 1110 may be pivotably coupled to the clamp arm 1016 and the clevis arm 1086 at the pivot point 1072 .
- the bendable intermediate portion 1106 may have a transverse area that is smaller than that of the distal transducer portion 1103 and proximal transducer portion 1104 .
- the intermediate portion 1106 may be made of a different material than the distal and proximal transducer portions 1103 , 1104 .
- the distal and proximal transducer portions 1103 , 1104 may be made from piezoelectric elements (such as elements 112 described herein above).
- the bendable intermediate portion 1106 may be made from any suitable flexible material that conducts ultrasonic energy including, for example, titanium, a titanium alloy, nitanol, etc. It will be appreciated that the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 ′ is illustrated in FIG. 49 without any outer housing so as to more clearly illustrate the embodiment. In use, the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be utilized with a housing such as the housing 1064 described herein above with respect to FIG. 41 .
- the bendable intermediate transducer portion 1106 may serve a function similar to that of the pivot point 1077 .
- the bendable intermediate transducer portion 1106 may bend, pushing the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 into an open position, shown in FIG. 49 .
- the bendable intermediate transducer portion 1106 may be more straightened, pulling the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 into a closed position.
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned in the shaft such that a proximal end of the transducer assembly extends proximally from the articulation joint. This may serve to minimize a distance between the articulation and a distal tip of the ultrasonic blade.
- FIG. 50 shows one embodiment of a manual surgical instrument 1200 having a transducer assembly 1012 extending proximally from the articulation joint 1010 . It can be seen that a distance 1204 between a distal-most point of the ultrasonic blade 1018 and the articulation joint 1010 is less than it would be if all of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 were distal of the articulation joint.
- the instrument 1200 shown in FIG. 50 is a manual instrument, it will be appreciated that the shaft 1004 and end effector 1014 in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 50 may also be used with a robotic surgical system, such as the system 500 described herein.
- FIG. 51 illustrates a close up of the transducer assembly 1012 , distal shaft portion 1007 , articulation joint 1010 and end effector 1014 arranged as illustrated in FIG. 50 .
- FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation joint 1010 with the distal shaft portion 1007 and proximal shaft portion 1009 removed to show one example embodiment for articulating the shaft 1004 and actuating the haw member 1016 .
- articulation control members 1210 , 1212 are coupled to a pulley 1206 .
- the pulley may be coupled to the distal shaft portion 1007 , for example, at the articulation joint 1010 such that rotation of the pulley 1206 causes corresponding pivoting of the distal shaft portion 1007 and end effector 1014 .
- Proximal translation of the control member 1212 may rotate the pulley 1206 clockwise (in the configuration shown in FIG. 52 ), thereby articulating the end effector 1014 towards the control member 1212 , as shown in FIG. 52 .
- proximal translation of the control member 1210 may rotate the pulley 1206 counter clockwise (in the configuration shown in FIG. 52 ), thereby articulating the end effector 1014 towards the control member 1210 , the opposite of what is shown in FIG. 52 .
- Clamp arm control member 1044 may extend through a channel 1208 in the pulley 1206 .
- the clamp arm 1016 is configured to be pivotably coupled to a distal plate 1215 at a pivot point 1214 .
- the clamp arm control member 1044 is coupled to the clamp arm 1016 at a point 1216 offset from the pivot point 1214 , such that distal and proximal translation of the clamp arm control member 1044 opens and closes the clamp arm 1016 .
- the plate 1215 may be coupled to the distal shaft portion 1007 (not shown in FIG. 52 ), the transducer assembly 1012 or any other suitable component.
- the clamp arm 1016 is pivotably coupled directly to the distal shaft portion 1007 and/or the transducer assembly 1012 .
- the articulation control members 1210 , 1212 may be differentially translated to articulate the distal shaft portion 1007 and end effector 1014 . Differential articulation of the control members 1210 , 1212 may be actuated in any suitable manner. For example, in a manual surgical instrument, the control members 1210 , 1212 may be differentially translated utilizing an articulation lever 1052 and spindle gear 1058 as illustrated in FIG. 40A . Also, in robotic surgical instruments, the control members 1210 , 1212 may be differentially translated, for example, utilizing any of the mechanisms described above with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- the clamp arm control member 1044 may be driven in various ways including, for example, all of the additional ways described herein.
- a surgical instrument has an end effector that is rotatable independent of the shaft.
- the shaft itself may rotate and articulate at an articulation joint.
- the end effector may rotate independent of the shaft including, for example, while the shaft is articulated. This may effectively increase the spatial range of the end effector.
- FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of a manual surgical instrument 1300 comprising a shaft 1303 having an articulatable, rotatable end effector 1312 .
- the shaft 1303 is illustrated for use with a manual surgical instrument comprising a handle 1302 , it will be appreciated that a similar shaft may be utilized with a robotic surgical system, such as those described herein.
- the shaft 1303 comprises an articulation joint 1010 that may be articulated utilizing articulation lever 1052 , for example, as indicated by arrow 1306 .
- a rotation knob 1314 may rotate the shaft 1303 , for example, as the rotation knob 48 rotates the shaft assembly 14 described herein above.
- End effector rotation dial 1304 may rotate the end effector, for example, as indicated by arrow 1310 .
- FIG. 54 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the instrument 1300 and shaft 1303 .
- FIG. 54 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation lever 1052 coupled to control members 1032 , 1034 , for example, as described above with respect to FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40 A.
- a central shaft member 1316 may extend through the shaft 1303 and be coupled at a distal end to the end effector 1312 (e.g., the ultrasonic blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 ).
- a proximal end of the central shaft member 1316 may be coupled to the end effector rotation dial 1304 such that rotation of the dial causes rotation of the central shaft member 1316 and corresponding rotation of the end effector 1312 .
- the central shaft member 1316 may be made of any suitable material according to any suitable construction.
- the central shaft member 1316 may be solid (or hollow for enclosing wires and other components).
- the central shaft member 1316 may be made from a flexible material, such as a surgical grade rubber, a flexible metal such as titanium, nitinol, etc. In this way, the central shaft member 1316 may bend when the shaft 1303 is articulated at the articulation joint 1010 . Rotation of the central shaft member 1316 may still be translated to the end effector 1312 across the articulation joint 1010 .
- the central shaft member 1316 in addition to rotating the end effector 1312 , may also actuate the clamp arm 1016 .
- the central shaft member 1316 may actuate the clamp arm 1016 by translating distally and proximally, for example, in response to actuation of the trigger 1022 .
- FIG. 52 illustrated above, illustrates one embodiment of a clamp arm 1016 that may be opened and closed with distal and proximal motion. An additional embodiment is described below with respect to FIG. 59 .
- FIG. 55 illustrates one embodiment of the instrument 1300 showing a keyed connection between the end effector rotation dial 1304 and the central shaft member 1316 .
- a proximal portion of the central shaft member 1316 may be coupled to a collar 1324 defining a slot 1326 .
- the dial 1304 may be coupled to shaft 1320 positioned within the collar 1324 .
- the shaft 1320 defines a key or spline 1322 positioned to fit within the slot 1326 .
- FIG. 55 also illustrates one example method of passing an electrical drive signal to the transducer assembly 1012 .
- a drive cable 1318 may be coupled to a slip ring 1324 .
- the slip ring 1324 may be coupled to a distal drive cable 1330 ( FIG. 56 ) that may extend through the shaft 1303 , for example, through the central shaft member 1316 .
- FIG. 56 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1303 focusing on the articulation joint 1010 . In the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the central shaft member 1316 may not be necessary for the entirety of the central shaft member 1316 to be bendable. Instead, as illustrated in FIG. 56 , the central shaft member 1316 comprises a bendable section 1332 aligned with the articulation joint 1010 of the shaft 1303 .
- the bendable section 1332 may be implemented in any suitable manner.
- the bendable section 1332 may be constructed from a flexible material such as, for example, surgical grader rubber or a bendable metal such as, for example, titanium, nitinol, etc.
- the bendable section 1332 may be made of hinged mechanical components.
- FIG. 57 illustrates one embodiment of the central shaft member 1316 made of hinged mechanical components.
- the central shaft member 1316 comprises a distal member 1340 pivotably coupled to a central member 1342 .
- the distal ( 1340 ) and central ( 1342 ) members may pivot relative to one another in the direction indicated by arrow 1346 .
- the central member 1342 may also be pivotably coupled to a proximal member 1344 .
- the central ( 1342 ) and proximal ( 1344 ) members may pivot relative to one another in the direction indicated by arrow 1348 .
- the pivoting direction of members 1344 , 1342 may be substantially perpendicular to the pivoting direction of the members 1342 , 1340 .
- the central shaft member 1316 may provide rotating torque to the end effector 1312 while pivoting with the articulation joint 1010 at bendable section 1332 .
- FIG. 58 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1303 comprising a distal shaft portion 1356 and a proximal shaft portion 1358 .
- the respective shaft portions 1356 , 1358 may be pivotably coupled, for example, to an intermediate shaft portion 1360 , at pivot points 1352 , 1354 , respectively.
- the articulation joint 1010 in the configuration shown in FIG. 58 , may be articulated as described herein above, for example, with respect to FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40 A.
- FIG. 59 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1303 and end effector 1312 illustrating a coupling between the central shaft member 1316 and the clamp arm 1016 .
- the central shaft member 1316 is illustrated as a solid (or hollow) member that is bendable and/or has a bendable portion at articulation joint 1010 .
- portions of the distal ( 1356 ) and proximal ( 1358 ) shaft portions are omitted to show the operation of the central shaft member 1316 .
- the central shaft member 1316 may extend around the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and transducer 1040 and be pivotably coupled to the clamp arm 1016 at pivot point 1366 .
- the clam arm 1016 may also be pivotably coupled to the distal shaft portion 1356 at pivot point 1364 .
- Pivot points 1364 , 1366 may be offset from one another relative to the longitudinal axis 1002 .
- the central shaft portion 1316 When the central shaft portion 1316 is pushed distally, it may push the clamp arm 1016 distally at pivot point 1366 .
- pivot point 1364 As pivot point 1364 may remain stationary, the clamp arm 1364 may pivot to an open position. Pulling the central shaft portion 1316 proximally may pull the clamp arm 1016 back to the closed position shown in FIG. 59 .
- the transducer assembly 1012 and blade 1018 may also be translated distally and proximally.
- FIGS. 60-61 illustrate a control mechanism for a surgical instrument 1300 ′ in which articulation and rotation of the end effector 1312 are motorized.
- the instrument 1300 ′ comprises a handle 1302 ′ that may comprise electric motors and mechanisms, for example, similar to the motors and mechanisms described herein with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- An articulation knob 1370 may be moved in the directions of arrow 1375 to articulate the end effector 1312 about articulation joint 1010 and/or may be rotated in the directions indicated by arrow 1372 to rotate the end effector 1312 (e.g., by rotating the central shaft member 1316 ).
- FIGS. 62-63 illustrate one embodiment of a shaft 1400 that may be utilized with various surgical instruments described herein.
- the shaft 1400 may comprise a two-direction articulation joint 1402 that may be articulated in multiple directions, as indicated by arrows 1410 and 1412 .
- the shaft 1400 may comprise a proximal shaft member 1404 pivotably coupled to a joint member 1408 such that the proximal shaft member 1404 is pivotable relative to the joint member 1408 in the direction of arrow 1412 .
- the joint member 1408 may also be pivotably coupled to a distal shaft member 1406 such that the distal shaft member 1406 is pivotable relative to the joint member 1408 in the direction of arrow 1410 .
- the pivotably couplings between the respective members 1404 , 1406 , 1408 may be of any suitable type including, for example, pin and clevis couplings.
- the articulation joint 1402 may be actuated by a series of control members.
- Control members 1414 , 1412 may be coupled to the joint member 1408 and may extend proximally through the proximal shaft member 1404 .
- Differential translation of the control members 1414 , 1412 may cause the end effector 1411 to pivot away from the longitudinal axis 1002 in the directions of the arrow 1412 .
- proximal translation of the control member 1412 e.g., accompanied by distal translation of the control member 1414
- proximal translation of the control member 1414 may pull the end effector 1411 , distal shaft member 1406 and joint member 1408 away from the longitudinal axis 1002 and towards the control member 1414 .
- Additional control members 1416 , 1418 may be coupled to the distal shaft member 1406 . Differential translation of the control members 1416 may cause the distal shaft member 1406 and end effector 1411 to pivot in the directions of the arrow 1410 . For example, proximal translation of the control member 1416 (e.g., accompanied by distal translation of the control member 1418 ) may pull the end effector 1411 and distal shaft member 1406 away from the longitudinal axis 1002 and towards the control member 1416 .
- proximal translation of the control member 1418 may pull the end effector 1411 and distal shaft member 1406 away from the longitudinal axis 1002 and towards the control member 1418 .
- Drive signal wires for driving the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may pass through the proximal shaft member 1404 , joint member 1408 and distal shaft member 1406 .
- Differential translation of the respective control members 1412 , 1414 , 1416 , 1418 may be implemented in any suitable manner.
- differential translation of the control members 1412 , 1414 , 1416 , 1418 may be implemented in the manner described above with respect to FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40 A.
- any method or mechanism may be used including, for example, those described above with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- FIG. 64 illustrates one embodiment of a shaft 1600 that may be articulated utilizing a cable and pulley mechanism.
- the shaft 1600 may be utilized with any of the various surgical instruments described herein.
- the shaft 1600 comprises a proximal shaft member 1602 and a distal shaft member 1614 coupled at an articulation joint 1615 .
- An end effector 1617 may be coupled to a distal portion of the distal shaft member 1614 .
- the end effector 1615 as illustrated in FIG. 64 may comprise an ultrasonic blade 1018 , ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 , clamp arm 1016 and linkage members 1608 , 1610 arranged in a four-bar linkage configuration similar to that described herein with respect to end effector 1014 shown at FIGS. 42-46 .
- the end effector 1617 may be pivotably coupled to the distal shaft member 1614 at clevis arms 1615 .
- Clamp arm control member 1624 may be coupled to the linkage members 1608 , 1610 to open and close the clamp arm member 1016 , as described above.
- the shaft 1600 may be rotated, as indicated by arrow 1604 .
- the end effector 1617 may only comprise a single linkage member 1608 and a single linkage member 1610 , as illustrated.
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 is illustrated in FIG. 64 without any outer housing so as to more clearly illustrate the embodiment. In use, the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be utilized with a housing such as the housing 1064 described herein above with respect to FIG. 41 .
- FIG. 65 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1600 showing additional details of how the distal shaft portion 1614 (and end effector 1617 not shown in FIG. 65 ) may be articulated.
- control members 1620 , 1622 may extend through the proximal shaft member 1602 and around a pulley 1618 coupled to the distal shaft member 1614 .
- rotation of the pulley 1618 about the axis 1615 may cause pivoting of the distal shaft portion 1614 .
- the pulley 1618 may be rotated by differential translation of the control members 1620 , 1622 , thereby bringing about articulation of the distal shaft portion 1614 and end effector 1617 in the direction of the arrow 1606 .
- FIG. 64 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1600 showing additional details of how the distal shaft portion 1614 (and end effector 1617 not shown in FIG. 65 ) may be articulated.
- control members 1620 , 1622 may extend through the proximal shaft member 1602 and around a pulley 1618 coupled to
- FIG. 64 shows an alternate position 1601 of the end effector 1617 and distal shaft member 1615 articulated in a first direction relative to the longitudinal axis 1002 . It will be appreciated, however, that the end effector 1617 and distal shaft member 1615 may be articulated in multiple directions about articulation axis 1619 ( FIG. 64 ).
- the control members 1620 , 1622 and clamp arm control member 1624 may be actuated in any suitable manner.
- the control members 1620 , 1622 may be differentially translated to articulate the end effector 1617 and distal shaft member 1615 .
- the control members 1620 , 1622 may be differentially translated, for example, as described herein above with respect to FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40 A.
- the control members 1620 , 1622 may be differentially translated, for example, utilizing any of the mechanisms described above with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- the clamp arm control member 1624 may be mechanically coupled to an instrument trigger, such as tubular actuating member 58 is coupled to trigger 22 described above.
- the clamp arm control member 1624 may be actuated, for example, utilizing any of the mechanisms described above with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- FIG. 66 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector 1700 that may be utilized with any of the various instruments and/or shafts described herein.
- the end effector 1700 may facilitate separate actuation of the clamp arm 1016 and ultrasonic blade 1018 .
- the end effector 1700 may operate similar to the four-bar linkage end effector 1014 described herein above.
- each of the linkage members 1705 , 1707 may be coupled to distinct control members 1702 , 1704 .
- linkage member 1705 may be coupled to a clamp arm control member 1702 while linkage member 1707 may be coupled to a blade control member 1704 .
- linkage member 1705 , 1707 may ride within slots 1706 , 1708 defined by the shaft 1710 (or a distal portion thereof).
- linkage members 1705 , 1076 may comprise respective pegs 1712 , 1714 that ride within the slots 1706 , 1708 .
- linkage members 1705 , 1707 may be singular (similar to linkage members 1608 , 1610 , or may be double linkage members (similar to linkage members 1074 , 1074 ′ and 1076 , 1076 ′).
- Distal and proximal translation of the clamp arm control member 1702 may cause the clamp arm 1016 to pivot about the pivot point 1072 .
- proximal translation of the clamp arm control member 1702 may pull the linkage member 1705 and proximal portion 1078 of the clamp arm 1016 proximally, tending to pivot the clamp arm 1016 about the pivot point 1072 in the direction indicated by arrow 1716 .
- Distal translation of the clamp arm control member 1702 may push the linkage member 1705 and proximal portion 1078 of the clamp arm member 1078 distally (shown at 1724 ) tending to pivot the clamp arm 1016 about the pivot point 1072 in the direction indicated by arrow 1718 .
- distal and proximal translation of the blade control member 1704 ma cause the blade 1018 to pivot about the pivot point 1072 .
- Proximal translation of the blade control member 1704 may pull the linkage member 1076 and transducer assembly 1012 proximally, causing the blade 1018 to pivot about the pivot point 1072 in the direction indicated by arrow 1720 .
- Distal translation of the blade control member 1704 may push the linkage member 1076 and transducer assembly 1012 distally (shown at 1726 ) tending to pivot the blade 1018 about the pivot point 1072 in the direction indicated by arrow 1722 .
- the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 of the end effector 1700 may be opened and closed, and also pivoted together about the pivot point 1072 , for example, to provide an additional degree of articulation to the end effector 1700 .
- the blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016 are shown in FIG. 66 to be closed along the longitudinal axis 1002 , it will be appreciated that the components 1018 , 1016 could be placed in a close position pivoted away from the longitudinal axis 1002 as well.
- FIG. 67 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft 1600 coupled to an alternate pulley-driven end effector 1800 .
- FIG. 68 illustrates one embodiment of the end effector 1800 .
- the end effector 1800 may comprise linkage members 1810 , 1812 that may each be pivotably coupled to respective pulleys 1814 , 1816 .
- the linkage members 1810 , 1812 may be coupled to the pulleys 1814 , 1816 at a position offset from a center 1817 of the pulleys 1814 , 1816 such that rotation of the pulleys 1814 , 1816 translates the linkage members 1810 , 1812 distally and proximally.
- the pulleys 1814 , 1816 may be individually driven.
- pulley 1816 may be rotated by differentially translating control members 1802 , 1804 .
- pulley 1814 may be rotated by differentially translating control members 1806 , 1808 .
- linkage member 1810 may be translated distally and proximally, causing pivoting of the clamp arm 1016 about pivot point 1072 in the directions indicated by arrows 1814 , 1816 .
- linkage member 1812 may be translated distally and proximally, causing pivoting of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and blade 1018 about the pivot point 1072 in the direction of arrows 1818 , 1820 .
- Differential translation of the control member pairs 1802 / 1804 and 1806 / 1808 may be brought about in any suitable manner.
- the control member pairs may be differentially translated as described above with respect to FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40 A.
- the control member pairs may be differentially translated as described above with respect to FIGS. 22-36C .
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 is illustrated in FIGS. 67-68 without any outer housing so as to more clearly illustrate the embodiment. In use, the ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be utilized with a housing such as the housing 1064 described herein above with respect to FIG. 41 .
- Various embodiments are direct to a surgical instrument comprising and end effector, an articulating shaft and an ultrasonic transducer assembly.
- the end effector may comprise an ultrasonic blade.
- the articulating shaft may extend proximally from the end effector along a longitudinal axis and may comprise a proximal shaft member and a distal shaft member pivotably coupled at an articulation joint.
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly may comprise an ultrasonic transducer acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic blade.
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned distally from the articulation joint.
- the ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned such that a portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly is proximal from the articulation joint and another portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly is distal from the articulation joint.
- the instrument comprises first and second control members extending through the shaft such that proximal translation of the first control member causes the distal shaft member and end effector to pivot towards the first control member.
- the distal shaft portion may define a pulley at about the articulation joint such that rotation of the pulley causes articulation of the distal shaft portion.
- First and second control members may be positioned around the pulley such that differential translation of the first and second control members causes rotation of the pulley and articulation of the distal shaft member.
- some embodiments comprise a clamp arm pivotable about a clamp arm pivot point from an open position to a closed position substantially parallel to the ultrasonic blade.
- the clamp arm pivot point may be offset from the longitudinal axis.
- a clamp arm control member may be coupled to the clamp arm at a position offset from the longitudinal axis such that distal translation of the clamp arm control member pivots the clamp arm to the open position and proximal translation of the clamp arm control member pivots the clamp arm to the closed position.
- the clamp arm defines a clamp portion extending distally from the clamp arm pivot point and a proximal portion extending proximally from the clamp arm pivot point.
- a first linkage member may define a proximal end pivotably coupled to the clamp arm control member and a distal end pivotably coupled to a proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly.
- a second linkage member may define a proximal end pivotably coupled to the clamp arm control member and a distal end pivotably coupled to the proximal portion of the clamp arm.
- the first linkage member may be coupled to a blade control member and the second linkage member may be coupled to a clamp arm control member.
- first and second linkage members are coupled to respective pulleys separately rotatable by respective control members. Also, in some embodiments, the first and second linkage members may be coupled to respective first and second pulleys, where each pulley is separately rotatable to pivot the clamp arm and blade.
- a proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and a distal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly are separated by a bendable, acoustically transmissive section having a transverse area less than a longitudinal diameter of the distal and proximal portions of the ultrasonic transducer assembly.
- the first linkage member may be connected as described above.
- the proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly may also be coupled to the clamp arm control member.
- the shaft further comprises a joint member positioned at about the articulation.
- the joint member may be pivotably coupled to the distal shaft member such that the distal shaft member is pivotable relative to the joint member about a first pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and pivotably coupled to the proximal shaft member such that the joint member is pivotable relative to the proximal shaft member about a second pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and substantially perpendicular to the first pivot axis.
- proximal and distal are used throughout the specification with reference to a clinician manipulating one end of an instrument used to treat a patient.
- proximal refers to the portion of the instrument closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located furthest from the clinician.
- distal refers to the portion located furthest from the clinician.
- spatial terms such as “vertical,” “horizontal,” “up,” or “down” may be used herein with respect to the illustrated embodiments.
- surgical instruments may be used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting or absolute.
Abstract
Description
- The present application is related to the following, concurrently-filed U.S. patent applications, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety:
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Haptic Feedback Devices for Surgical Robot,” Attorney Docket No. END7042USNP/110388;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Lockout Mechanism for Use with Robotic Electrosurgical Device,” Attorney Docket No. END7043USNP/110389;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Closed Feedback Control for Electrosurgical Device,” Attorney Docket No. END7044USNP/110390;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Surgical Instruments with Articulating Shafts,” Attorney Docket No. END6423USNP/110392;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Surgical Instruments with Articulating Shafts,” Attorney Docket No. END7047USNP/110394;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments with Distally Positioned Jaw Assemblies,” Attorney Docket No. END7048USNP/110395;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Surgical Instruments with Articulating Shafts,” Attorney Docket No. END7049USNP/110396;
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments with Control Mechanisms,” Attorney Docket No. END7050USNP/110397; and
- U.S. application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Surgical Instruments With Fluid Management System” Attorney Docket No. END7051USNP/110399.
- Various embodiments are directed to surgical instruments including ultrasonic instruments with distally positioned transducers.
- Ultrasonic surgical devices, such as ultrasonic scalpels, are used in many applications in surgical procedures by virtue of their unique performance characteristics. Depending upon specific device configurations and operational parameters, ultrasonic surgical devices can provide substantially simultaneous transection of tissue and homeostasis by coagulation, desirably minimizing patient trauma. An ultrasonic surgical device comprises a proximally-positioned ultrasonic transducer and an instrument coupled to the ultrasonic transducer having a distally-mounted end effector comprising an ultrasonic blade to cut and seal tissue. The end effector is typically coupled either to a handle and/or a robotic surgical implement via a shaft. The blade is acoustically coupled to the transducer via a waveguide extending through the shaft. Ultrasonic surgical devices of this nature can be configured for open surgical use, laparoscopic, or endoscopic surgical procedures including robotic-assisted procedures.
- Ultrasonic energy cuts and coagulates tissue using temperatures lower than those used in electrosurgical procedures. Vibrating at high frequencies (e.g., 55,500 times per second), the ultrasonic blade denatures protein in the tissue to form a sticky coagulum. Pressure exerted on tissue by the blade surface collapses blood vessels and allows the coagulum to form a hemostatic seal. A surgeon can control the cutting speed and coagulation by the force applied to the tissue by the end effector, the time over which the force is applied and the selected excursion level of the end effector.
- With respect to both ultrasonic and electrosurgical devices, it is often desirable for clinicians to articulate a distal portion of the instrument shaft in order to direct the application of ultrasonic and/or RF energy. Bringing about and controlling such articulation, however, is often a considerable challenge.
- The features of the various embodiments are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The various embodiments, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, together with advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical system including a surgical instrument and an ultrasonic generator. -
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an ultrasonic end effector. -
FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of an ultrasonic end effector. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 7 illustrates various internal components of one embodiment of the surgical instrument shown inFIG. 1 -
FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of one embodiment of a surgical system including a surgical instrument and an ultrasonic generator. -
FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a rotation assembly included in one example embodiment of the surgical instrument ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of a surgical system including a surgical instrument having a single element end effector. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of one embodiment of a robotic surgical system. -
FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a robotic arm cart. -
FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of the robotic manipulator of the robotic arm cart ofFIG. 12 . -
FIG. 14 illustrates one embodiment of a robotic arm cart having an alternative set-up joint structure. -
FIG. 15 illustrates one embodiment of a controller that may be used in conjunction with a robotic arm cart, such as the robotic arm carts ofFIGS. 11-14 . -
FIG. 16 illustrates one embodiment of an ultrasonic surgical instrument adapted for use with a robotic system. -
FIG. 25 illustrates one embodiment of an electrosurgical instrument adapted for use with a robotic system. -
FIG. 17 illustrates one embodiment of an instrument drive assembly that may be coupled to a surgical manipulators to receive and control the surgical instrument shown inFIG. 16 . -
FIG. 18 illustrates another view of the instrument drive assembly embodiment ofFIG. 26 including the surgical instrument ofFIG. 16 . -
FIG. 28 illustrates another view of the instrument drive assembly embodiment ofFIG. 26 including the electrosurgical instrument ofFIG. 25 . -
FIGS. 19-21 illustrate additional views of the adapter portion of the instrument drive assembly embodiment ofFIG. 26 . -
FIGS. 22-24 illustrate one embodiment of the instrument mounting portion ofFIG. 16 showing components for translating motion of the driven elements into motion of the surgical instrument. -
FIGS. 25-27 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion ofFIG. 16 showing an alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft and an alternate example mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the shaft. -
FIGS. 28-32 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portionFIG. 16 showing another alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the driven elements into rotational motion about the axis of the shaft. -
FIGS. 33-36A illustrate an alternate embodiment of the instrument mounting portion showing an alternate example mechanism for differential translation of members along the axis of the shaft (e.g., for articulation). -
FIGS. 36B-36C illustrate one embodiment of a tool mounting portion comprising internal power and energy sources. -
FIG. 37 illustrates one embodiment of an articulatable surgical instrument comprising a distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly. -
FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft and end effector ofFIG. 37 used in conjunction with an instrument mounting portion of a robotic surgical system. -
FIG. 39 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the shaft and end effector ofFIGS. 37-38 . -
FIGS. 40-40A illustrate one embodiment for driving differential translation of the control members ofFIG. 39 in conjunction with a manual instrument, such as the instrument ofFIGS. 37-38 . -
FIG. 41 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly ofFIGS. 37-38 . -
FIG. 42 illustrates one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm ofFIGS. 37-38 arranged as part of a four-bar linkage. -
FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm, arranged as illustrated inFIG. 42 , coupled to the distal shaft portion, and in an open position. -
FIG. 44 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm ofFIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated inFIG. 42 , coupled to the distal shaft portion and in a closed position. -
FIGS. 45-46 illustrate side views of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm ofFIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated inFIG. 42 , including proximal portions of the shaft. -
FIGS. 47-48 illustrate one embodiment of an end effector having an alternately shaped ultrasonic blade and clamp arm. -
FIG. 49 illustrates one embodiment of another end effector comprising a flexible ultrasonic transducer assembly. -
FIG. 50 shows one embodiment of a manual surgical instrument having a transducer assembly extending proximally from the articulation joint. -
FIG. 51 illustrates a close up of the transducer assembly, distal shaft portion, articulation joint and end effector arranged as illustrated inFIG. 50 . -
FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation joint with the distal shaft portion and proximal shaft portion removed to show one example embodiment for articulating the shaft and actuating the haw member. -
FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of a manual surgical instrument comprising a shaft having an articulatable, rotatable end effector. -
FIG. 54 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation lever of the instrument ofFIG. 53 coupled to control members. -
FIG. 55 illustrates one embodiment of the instrument showing a keyed connection between the end effector rotation dial and the central shaft member. -
FIG. 56 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft ofFIG. 53 focusing on the articulation joint. -
FIG. 57 illustrates one embodiment of the central shaft member made of hinged mechanical components. -
FIG. 58 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft ofFIG. 53 comprising a distal shaft portion and a proximal shaft portion. -
FIG. 59 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft of and end effector ofFIG. 53 illustrating a coupling between the inner shaft member and the clamp arm. -
FIGS. 60-61 illustrate a control mechanism for a surgical instrument in which articulation and rotation of theend effector 1312 are motorized. -
FIGS. 62-63 illustrate one embodiment of a shaft that may be utilized with any of the various surgical instruments described herein. -
FIG. 64 illustrates one embodiment of a shaft that may be articulated utilizing a cable and pulley mechanism. -
FIG. 65 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft ofFIG. 64 showing additional details of how the distal shaft portion may be articulated. -
FIG. 66 illustrates one embodiment of an end effector that may be utilized with any of the various instruments and/or shafts described herein. -
FIG. 67 illustrates one embodiment of the shaft ofFIG. 64 coupled to an alternate pulley-driven end effector. -
FIG. 68 illustrates one embodiment of the end effector. - Example embodiments described herein are directed to articulating ultrasonic surgical instruments, shafts thereof, and methods of using the same. In various example embodiments, an ultrasonic instrument comprises a distally positioned end effector comprising an ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic blade may be driven by a distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly. A shaft of the instrument may comprise proximal and distal shaft members pivotably coupled to one another at an articulation joint. The end effector may be coupled to a distal portion of the distal shaft member such that the end effector (and at least a portion of the distal shaft member) are articulatable about a longitudinal axis of the shaft. To facilitate articulation, the distally positioned ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned partially or completely distal from the articulation joint. In this way, the ultrasonic blade may be acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer assembly such that neither the ultrasonic blade itself nor any intermediate waveguide spans the articulation joint.
- Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, including embodiments showing example implementations of manual and robotic surgical instruments with end effectors comprising ultrasonic and/or electrosurgical elements. Wherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used in the figures and may indicate similar or like functionality. The figures depict example embodiments of the disclosed surgical instruments and/or methods of use for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative example embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein.
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FIG. 1 is a right side view of one embodiment of an ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 may be employed in various surgical procedures including endoscopic or traditional open surgical procedures. In one example embodiment, the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 comprises ahandle assembly 12, anelongated shaft assembly 14, and anultrasonic transducer 16. Thehandle assembly 12 comprises atrigger assembly 24, adistal rotation assembly 13, and aswitch assembly 28. Theelongated shaft assembly 14 comprises anend effector assembly 26, which comprises elements to dissect tissue or mutually grasp, cut, and coagulate vessels and/or tissue, and actuating elements to actuate theend effector assembly 26. Thehandle assembly 12 is adapted to receive theultrasonic transducer 16 at the proximal end. Theultrasonic transducer 16 is mechanically engaged to theelongated shaft assembly 14 and portions of theend effector assembly 26. Theultrasonic transducer 16 is electrically coupled to agenerator 20 via acable 22. Although the majority of the drawings depict a multipleend effector assembly 26 for use in connection with laparoscopic surgical procedures, the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 may be employed in more traditional open surgical procedures and in other embodiments, may be configured for use in endoscopic procedures. For the purposes herein, the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 is described in terms of an endoscopic instrument; however, it is contemplated that an open and/or laparoscopic version of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 also may include the same or similar operating components and features as described herein. - In various embodiments, the
generator 20 comprises several functional elements, such as modules and/or blocks. Different functional elements or modules may be configured for driving different kinds of surgical devices. For example, anultrasonic generator module 21 may drive an ultrasonic device, such as the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10. In some example embodiments, thegenerator 20 also comprises an electrosurgery/RF generator module 23 for driving an electrosurgical device (or an electrosurgical embodiment of the ultrasonic surgical instrument 10). In the example embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1 , thegenerator 20 includes acontrol system 25 integral with thegenerator 20, and afoot switch 29 connected to the generator via acable 27. Thegenerator 20 may also comprise a triggering mechanism for activating a surgical instrument, such as theinstrument 10. The triggering mechanism may include a power switch (not shown) as well as afoot switch 29. When activated by thefoot switch 29, thegenerator 20 may provide energy to drive the acoustic assembly of thesurgical instrument 10 and to drive theend effector 18 at a predetermined excursion level. Thegenerator 20 drives or excites the acoustic assembly at any suitable resonant frequency of the acoustic assembly and/or derives the therapeutic/sub-therapeutic electromagnetic/RF energy. - In one embodiment, the electrosurgical/
RF generator module 23 may be implemented as an electrosurgery unit (ESU) capable of supplying power sufficient to perform bipolar electrosurgery using radio frequency (RF) energy. In one embodiment, the ESU can be a bipolar ERBE ICC 350 sold by ERBE USA, Inc. of Marietta, Ga. In bipolar electrosurgery applications, as previously discussed, a surgical instrument having an active electrode and a return electrode can be utilized, wherein the active electrode and the return electrode can be positioned against, or adjacent to, the tissue to be treated such that current can flow from the active electrode to the return electrode through the tissue. Accordingly, the electrosurgical/RF module 23 generator may be configured for therapeutic purposes by applying electrical energy to the tissue T sufficient for treating the tissue (e.g., cauterization). - In one embodiment, the electrosurgical/
RF generator module 23 may be configured to deliver a subtherapeutic RF signal to implement a tissue impedance measurement module. In one embodiment, the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 comprises a bipolar radio frequency generator as described in more detail below. In one embodiment, the electrosurgical/RF generator module 12 may be configured to monitor electrical impedance Z, of tissue T and to control the characteristics of time and power level based on the tissue T by way of a return electrode provided on a clamp member of theend effector assembly 26. Accordingly, the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be configured for subtherapeutic purposes for measuring the impedance or other electrical characteristics of the tissue T. Techniques and circuit configurations for measuring the impedance or other electrical characteristics of tissue T are discussed in more detail in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0015631, titled “Electrosurgical Generator for Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument,” the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. - A suitable
ultrasonic generator module 21 may be configured to functionally operate in a manner similar to the GEN300 sold by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. of Cincinnati, Ohio as is disclosed in one or more of the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. No. 6,480,796 (Method for Improving the Start Up of an Ultrasonic System Under Zero Load Conditions); U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,291 (Method for Detecting Blade Breakage Using Rate and/or Impedance Information); U.S. Pat. No. 6,662,127 (Method for Detecting Presence of a Blade in an Ultrasonic System); U.S. Pat. No. 6,977,495 (Detection Circuitry for Surgical Handpiece System); U.S. Pat. No. 7,077,853 (Method for Calculating Transducer Capacitance to Determine Transducer Temperature); U.S. Pat. No. 7,179,271 (Method for Driving an Ultrasonic System to Improve Acquisition of Blade Resonance Frequency at Startup); and U.S. Pat. No. 7,273,483 (Apparatus and Method for Alerting Generator Function in an Ultrasonic Surgical System). - It will be appreciated that in various embodiments, the
generator 20 may be configured to operate in several modes. In one mode, thegenerator 20 may be configured such that theultrasonic generator module 21 and the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be operated independently. - For example, the
ultrasonic generator module 21 may be activated to apply ultrasonic energy to theend effector assembly 26 and subsequently, either therapeutic sub-therapeutic RF energy may be applied to theend effector assembly 26 by the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23. As previously discussed, the sub-therapeutic electrosurgical/RF energy may be applied to tissue clamped between claim elements of theend effector assembly 26 to measure tissue impedance to control the activation, or modify the activation, of theultrasonic generator module 21. Tissue impedance feedback from the application of the sub-therapeutic energy also may be employed to activate a therapeutic level of the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 to seal the tissue (e.g., vessel) clamped between claim elements of theend effector assembly 26. - In another embodiment, the
ultrasonic generator module 21 and the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 may be activated simultaneously. In one example, theultrasonic generator module 21 is simultaneously activated with a sub-therapeutic RF energy level to measure tissue impedance simultaneously while the ultrasonic blade of theend effector assembly 26 cuts and coagulates the tissue (or vessel) clamped between the clamp elements of theend effector assembly 26. Such feedback may be employed, for example, to modify the drive output of theultrasonic generator module 21. In another example, theultrasonic generator module 21 may be driven simultaneously with electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 such that the ultrasonic blade portion of theend effector assembly 26 is employed for cutting the damaged tissue while the electrosurgical/RF energy is applied to electrode portions of the endeffector clamp assembly 26 for sealing the tissue (or vessel). - When the
generator 20 is activated via the triggering mechanism, electrical energy is continuously applied by thegenerator 20 to a transducer stack or assembly of the acoustic assembly. In another embodiment, electrical energy is intermittently applied (e.g., pulsed) by thegenerator 20. A phase-locked loop in the control system of thegenerator 20 may monitor feedback from the acoustic assembly. The phase lock loop adjusts the frequency of the electrical energy sent by thegenerator 20 to match the resonant frequency of the selected longitudinal mode of vibration of the acoustic assembly. In addition, a second feedback loop in thecontrol system 25 maintains the electrical current supplied to the acoustic assembly at a pre-selected constant level in order to achieve substantially constant excursion at theend effector 18 of the acoustic assembly. In yet another embodiment, a third feedback loop in thecontrol system 25 monitors impedance between electrodes located in theend effector assembly 26. AlthoughFIGS. 1-9 show a manually operated ultrasonic surgical instrument, it will be appreciated that ultrasonic surgical instruments may also be used in robotic applications, for example, as described herein as well as combinations of manual and robotic applications. - In ultrasonic operation mode, the electrical signal supplied to the acoustic assembly may cause the distal end of the
end effector 18, to vibrate longitudinally in the range of, for example, approximately 20 kHz to 250 kHz. According to various embodiments, theblade 22 may vibrate in the range of about 54 kHz to 56 kHz, for example, at about 55.5 kHz. In other embodiments, theblade 22 may vibrate at other frequencies including, for example, about 31 kHz or about 80 kHz. The excursion of the vibrations at the blade can be controlled by, for example, controlling the amplitude of the electrical signal applied to the transducer assembly of the acoustic assembly by thegenerator 20. As noted above, the triggering mechanism of thegenerator 20 allows a user to activate thegenerator 20 so that electrical energy may be continuously or intermittently supplied to the acoustic assembly. Thegenerator 20 also has a power line for insertion in an electro-surgical unit or conventional electrical outlet. It is contemplated that thegenerator 20 can also be powered by a direct current (DC) source, such as a battery. Thegenerator 20 can comprise any suitable generator, such as Model No. GEN04, and/or Model No. GEN11 available from Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. -
FIG. 2 is a left perspective view of one example embodiment of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 showing thehandle assembly 12, thedistal rotation assembly 13, theelongated shaft assembly 14, and theend effector assembly 26. In the illustrated embodiment theelongated shaft assembly 14 comprises adistal end 52 dimensioned to mechanically engage theend effector assembly 26 and aproximal end 50 that mechanically engages thehandle assembly 12 and thedistal rotation assembly 13. Theproximal end 50 of theelongated shaft assembly 14 is received within thehandle assembly 12 and thedistal rotation assembly 13. More details relating to the connections between theelongated shaft assembly 14, thehandle assembly 12, and thedistal rotation assembly 13 are provided in the description ofFIGS. 5 and 7 . - In the illustrated embodiment, the
trigger assembly 24 comprises atrigger 32 that operates in conjunction with a fixedhandle 34. The fixedhandle 34 and thetrigger 32 are ergonomically formed and adapted to interface comfortably with the user. The fixedhandle 34 is integrally associated with thehandle assembly 12. Thetrigger 32 is pivotally movable relative to the fixedhandle 34 as explained in more detail below with respect to the operation of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10. Thetrigger 32 is pivotally movable in direction 33A toward the fixedhandle 34 when the user applies a squeezing force against thetrigger 32. A spring element 98 (FIG. 5 ) causes thetrigger 32 to pivotally move in direction 33B when the user releases the squeezing force against thetrigger 32. - In one example embodiment, the
trigger 32 comprises anelongated trigger hook 36, which defines anaperture 38 between theelongated trigger hook 36 and thetrigger 32. Theaperture 38 is suitably sized to receive one or multiple fingers of the user therethrough. Thetrigger 32 also may comprise aresilient portion 32 a molded over thetrigger 32 substrate. The overmoldedresilient portion 32 a is formed to provide a more comfortable contact surface for control of thetrigger 32 in outward direction 33B. In one example embodiment, the overmoldedresilient portion 32 a may be provided over a portion of theelongated trigger hook 36. The proximal surface of theelongated trigger hook 32 remains uncoated or coated with a non-resilient substrate to enable the user to easily slide their fingers in and out of theaperture 38. In another embodiment, the geometry of the trigger forms a fully closed loop which defines an aperture suitably sized to receive one or multiple fingers of the user therethrough. The fully closed loop trigger also may comprise a resilient portion molded over the trigger substrate. - In one example embodiment, the fixed
handle 34 comprises aproximal contact surface 40 and a grip anchor orsaddle surface 42. Thesaddle surface 42 rests on the web where the thumb and the index finger are joined on the hand. Theproximal contact surface 40 has a pistol grip contour that receives the palm of the hand in a normal pistol grip with no rings or apertures. The profile curve of theproximal contact surface 40 may be contoured to accommodate or receive the palm of the hand. Astabilization tail 44 is located towards a more proximal portion of thehandle assembly 12. Thestabilization tail 44 may be in contact with the uppermost web portion of the hand located between the thumb and the index finger to stabilize thehandle assembly 12 and make thehandle assembly 12 more controllable. - In one example embodiment, the
switch assembly 28 may comprise atoggle switch 30. Thetoggle switch 30 may be implemented as a single component with a central pivot 304 located within inside thehandle assembly 12 to eliminate the possibility of simultaneous activation. In one example embodiment, thetoggle switch 30 comprises a first projectingknob 30 a and a second projectingknob 30 b to set the power setting of theultrasonic transducer 16 between a minimum power level (e.g., MIN) and a maximum power level (e.g., MAX). In another embodiment, the rocker switch may pivot between a standard setting and a special setting. The special setting may allow one or more special programs to be implemented by the device. Thetoggle switch 30 rotates about the central pivot as the first projectingknob 30 a and the second projectingknob 30 b are actuated. The one or more projectingknobs ultrasonic transducer 16 in accordance with the activation of the first or second projectingknobs toggle switch 30 is coupled to thegenerator 20 to control the activation of theultrasonic transducer 16. Thetoggle switch 30 comprises one or more electrical power setting switches to activate theultrasonic transducer 16 to set one or more power settings for theultrasonic transducer 16. The forces required to activate thetoggle switch 30 are directed substantially toward thesaddle point 42, thus avoiding any tendency of the instrument to rotate in the hand when thetoggle switch 30 is activated. - In one example embodiment, the first and second projecting
knobs handle assembly 12 such that they can be easily accessible by the user to activate the power with minimal, or substantially no, repositioning of the hand grip, making it suitable to maintain control and keep attention focused on the surgical site (e.g., a monitor in a laparoscopic procedure) while activating thetoggle switch 30. The projecting knobs 30 a, 30 b may be configured to wrap around the side of thehandle assembly 12 to some extent to be more easily accessible by variable finger lengths and to allow greater freedom of access to activation in awkward positions or for shorter fingers. - In the illustrated embodiment, the first projecting
knob 30 a comprises a plurality oftactile elements 30 c, e.g., textured projections or “bumps” in the illustrated embodiment, to allow the user to differentiate the first projectingknob 30 a from the second projectingknob 30 b. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that several ergonomic features may be incorporated into thehandle assembly 12. Such ergonomic features are described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2009/0105750 entitled “Ergonomic Surgical Instruments” which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. - In one example embodiment, the
toggle switch 30 may be operated by the hand of the user. The user may easily access the first and second projectingknobs toggle switch 30 may readily operated with a finger to control the power to theultrasonic assembly 16 and/or to theultrasonic assembly 16. For example, the index finger may be employed to activate thefirst contact portion 30 a to turn on theultrasonic assembly 16 to a maximum (MAX) power level. The index finger may be employed to activate thesecond contact portion 30 b to turn on theultrasonic assembly 16 to a minimum (MIN) power level. In another embodiment, the rocker switch may pivot theinstrument 10 between a standard setting and a special setting. The special setting may allow one or more special programs to be implemented by theinstrument 10. Thetoggle switch 30 may be operated without the user having to look at the first or second projectingknob knob 30 a or the second projectingknob 30 b may comprise a texture or projections to tactilely differentiate between the first and second projectingknobs - In one example embodiment, the
distal rotation assembly 13 is rotatable without limitation in either direction about a longitudinal axis “T.” Thedistal rotation assembly 13 is mechanically engaged to theelongated shaft assembly 14. Thedistal rotation assembly 13 is located on a distal end of thehandle assembly 12. Thedistal rotation assembly 13 comprises acylindrical hub 46 and arotation knob 48 formed over thehub 46. Thehub 46 mechanically engages theelongated shaft assembly 14. Therotation knob 48 may comprise fluted polymeric features and may be engaged by a finger (e.g., an index finger) to rotate theelongated shaft assembly 14. Thehub 46 may comprise a material molded over the primary structure to form therotation knob 48. Therotation knob 48 may be overmolded over thehub 46. Thehub 46 comprises an end cap portion 46 a that is exposed at the distal end. The end cap portion 46 a of thehub 46 may contact the surface of a trocar during laparoscopic procedures. Thehub 46 may be formed of a hard durable plastic such as polycarbonate to alleviate any friction that may occur between the end cap portion 46 a and the trocar. Therotation knob 48 may comprise “scallops” or flutes formed of raisedribs 48 a andconcave portions 48 b located between theribs 48 a to provide a more precise rotational grip. In one example embodiment, therotation knob 48 may comprise a plurality of flutes (e.g., three or more flutes). In other embodiments, any suitable number of flutes may be employed. Therotation knob 48 may be formed of a softer polymeric material overmolded onto the hard plastic material. For example, therotation knob 48 may be formed of pliable, resilient, flexible polymeric materials including Versaflex® TPE alloys made by GLS Corporation, for example. This softer overmolded material may provide a greater grip and more precise control of the movement of therotation knob 48. It will be appreciated that any materials that provide adequate resistance to sterilization, are biocompatible, and provide adequate frictional resistance to surgical gloves may be employed to form therotation knob 48. - In one example embodiment, the
handle assembly 12 is formed from two (2) housing portions or shrouds comprising afirst portion 12 a and asecond portion 12 b. From the perspective of a user viewing thehandle assembly 12 from the distal end towards the proximal end, thefirst portion 12 a is considered the right portion and thesecond portion 12 b is considered the left portion. Each of the first andsecond portions FIG. 5 ) dimensioned to mechanically align and engage each another to form thehandle assembly 12 and enclosing the internal working components thereof. The fixedhandle 34, which is integrally associated with thehandle assembly 12, takes shape upon the assembly of the first andsecond portions handle assembly 12. A plurality of additional interfaces (not shown) may be disposed at various points around the periphery of the first andsecond portions handle assembly 12 for ultrasonic welding purposes, e.g., energy direction/deflection points. The first andsecond portions - In one example embodiment, the
elongated shaft assembly 14 comprises aproximal end 50 adapted to mechanically engage thehandle assembly 12 and thedistal rotation assembly 13; and adistal end 52 adapted to mechanically engage theend effector assembly 26. Theelongated shaft assembly 14 comprises an outertubular sheath 56 and a reciprocating tubular actuatingmember 58 located within the outertubular sheath 56. The proximal end of the tubular reciprocatingtubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to thetrigger 32 of thehandle assembly 12 to move in either direction 60A or 60B in response to the actuation and/or release of thetrigger 32. The pivotablymoveable trigger 32 may generate reciprocating motion along the longitudinal axis “T.” Such motion may be used, for example, to actuate the jaws or clamping mechanism of theend effector assembly 26. A series of linkages translate the pivotal rotation of thetrigger 32 to axial movement of a yoke coupled to an actuation mechanism, which controls the opening and closing of the jaws of the clamping mechanism of theend effector assembly 26. The distal end of the tubular reciprocatingtubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to theend effector assembly 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the distal end of the tubular reciprocatingtubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to aclamp arm assembly 64, which is pivotable about apivot point 70, to open and close theclamp arm assembly 64 in response to the actuation and/or release of thetrigger 32. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, theclamp arm assembly 64 is movable in direction 62A from an open position to a closed position about apivot point 70 when thetrigger 32 is squeezed in direction 33A. Theclamp arm assembly 64 is movable in direction 62B from a closed position to an open position about thepivot point 70 when thetrigger 32 is released or outwardly contacted in direction 33B. - In one example embodiment, the
end effector assembly 26 is attached at thedistal end 52 of theelongated shaft assembly 14 and includes aclamp arm assembly 64 and ablade 66. The jaws of the clamping mechanism of theend effector assembly 26 are formed byclamp arm assembly 64 and theblade 66. Theblade 66 is ultrasonically actuatable and is acoustically coupled to theultrasonic transducer 16. Thetrigger 32 on thehandle assembly 12 is ultimately connected to a drive assembly, which together, mechanically cooperate to effect movement of theclamp arm assembly 64. Squeezing thetrigger 32 in direction 33A moves theclamp arm assembly 64 in direction 62A from an open position, wherein theclamp arm assembly 64 and theblade 66 are disposed in a spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamped or closed position, wherein theclamp arm assembly 64 and theblade 66 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween. Theclamp arm assembly 64 may comprise aclamp pad 69 to engage tissue between theblade 66 and theclamp arm 64. Releasing thetrigger 32 in direction 33B moves theclamp arm assembly 64 in direction 62B from a closed relationship, to an open position, wherein theclamp arm assembly 64 and theblade 66 are disposed in a spaced relation relative to one another. - The proximal portion of the
handle assembly 12 comprises aproximal opening 68 to receive the distal end of theultrasonic assembly 16. Theultrasonic assembly 16 is inserted in theproximal opening 68 and is mechanically engaged to theelongated shaft assembly 14. - In one example embodiment, the
elongated trigger hook 36 portion of thetrigger 32 provides a longer trigger lever with a shorter span and rotation travel. The longer lever of theelongated trigger hook 36 allows the user to employ multiple fingers within theaperture 38 to operate theelongated trigger hook 36 and cause thetrigger 32 to pivot in direction 33B to open the jaws of theend effector assembly 26. For example, the user may insert three fingers (e.g., the middle, ring, and little fingers) in theaperture 38. Multiple fingers allows the surgeon to exert higher input forces on thetrigger 32 and the elongated trigger hook 326 to activate theend effector assembly 26. The shorter span and rotation travel creates a more comfortable grip when closing or squeezing thetrigger 32 in direction 33A or when opening thetrigger 32 in the outward opening motion in direction 33B lessening the need to extend the fingers further outward. This substantially lessens hand fatigue and strain associated with the outward opening motion of thetrigger 32 in direction 33B. The outward opening motion of the trigger may be spring-assisted by spring element 98 (FIG. 5 ) to help alleviate fatigue. The opening spring force is sufficient to assist the ease of opening, but not strong enough to adversely impact the tactile feedback of tissue tension during spreading dissection. - For example, during a surgical procedure either the index finger may be used to control the rotation of the
elongated shaft assembly 14 to locate the jaws of theend effector assembly 26 in a suitable orientation. The middle and/or the other lower fingers may be used to squeeze thetrigger 32 and grasp tissue within the jaws. Once the jaws are located in the desired position and the jaws are clamped against the tissue, the index finger can be used to activate thetoggle switch 30 to adjust the power level of theultrasonic transducer 16 to treat the tissue. Once the tissue has been treated, the user the may release thetrigger 32 by pushing outwardly in the distal direction against theelongated trigger hook 36 with the middle and/or lower fingers to open the jaws of theend effector assembly 26. This basic procedure may be performed without the user having to adjust their grip of thehandle assembly 12. -
FIGS. 3-4 illustrate the connection of theelongated shaft assembly 14 relative to theend effector assembly 26. As previously described, in the illustrated embodiment, theend effector assembly 26 comprises aclamp arm assembly 64 and ablade 66 to form the jaws of the clamping mechanism. Theblade 66 may be an ultrasonically actuatable blade acoustically coupled to theultrasonic transducer 16. Thetrigger 32 is mechanically connected to a drive assembly. Together, thetrigger 32 and the drive assembly mechanically cooperate to move theclamp arm assembly 64 to an open position in direction 62A wherein theclamp arm assembly 64 and theblade 66 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another, to a clamped or closed position in direction 62B wherein theclamp arm assembly 64 and theblade 66 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween. Theclamp arm assembly 64 may comprise aclamp pad 69 to engage tissue between theblade 66 and theclamp arm 64. The distal end of the tubular reciprocatingtubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to theend effector assembly 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the distal end of the tubular reciprocatingtubular actuating member 58 is mechanically engaged to theclamp arm assembly 64, which is pivotable about thepivot point 70, to open and close theclamp arm assembly 64 in response to the actuation and/or release of thetrigger 32. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, theclamp arm assembly 64 is movable from an open position to a closed position in direction 62B about apivot point 70 when thetrigger 32 is squeezed in direction 33A. Theclamp arm assembly 64 is movable from a closed position to an open position in direction 62A about thepivot point 70 when thetrigger 32 is released or outwardly contacted in direction 33B. - As previously discussed, the
clamp arm assembly 64 may comprise electrodes electrically coupled to the electrosurgical/RF generator module 23 to receive therapeutic and/or sub-therapeutic energy, where the electrosurgical/RF energy may be applied to the electrodes either simultaneously or non simultaneously with the ultrasonic energy being applied to theblade 66. Such energy activations may be applied in any suitable combinations to achieve a desired tissue effect in cooperation with an algorithm or other control logic. -
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 shown inFIG. 2 . In the illustrated embodiment, the exploded view shows the internal elements of thehandle assembly 12, thehandle assembly 12, thedistal rotation assembly 13, theswitch assembly 28, and theelongated shaft assembly 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the first andsecond portions handle assembly 12. The first andsecond portions interfaces 69 dimensioned to mechanically align and engage one another to form thehandle assembly 12 and enclose the internal working components of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10. Therotation knob 48 is mechanically engaged to the outertubular sheath 56 so that it may be rotated incircular direction 54 up to 360°. The outertubular sheath 56 is located over the reciprocating tubular actuatingmember 58, which is mechanically engaged to and retained within thehandle assembly 12 via a plurality ofcoupling elements 72. Thecoupling elements 72 may comprise an O-ring 72 a, a tube collar cap 72 b, a distal washer 72 c, aproximal washer 72 d, and athread tube collar 72 e. The reciprocating tubular actuatingmember 58 is located within areciprocating yoke 84, which is retained between the first andsecond portions handle assembly 12. Theyoke 84 is part of areciprocating yoke assembly 88. A series of linkages translate the pivotal rotation of theelongated trigger hook 32 to the axial movement of thereciprocating yoke 84, which controls the opening and closing of the jaws of the clamping mechanism of theend effector assembly 26 at the distal end of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10. In one example embodiment, a four-link design provides mechanical advantage in a relatively short rotation span, for example. - In one example embodiment, an
ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is disposed inside the reciprocating tubular actuatingmember 58. Thedistal end 52 of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is acoustically coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly mechanically coupled) to theblade 66 and theproximal end 50 of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is received within thehandle assembly 12. Theproximal end 50 of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is adapted to acoustically couple to the distal end of theultrasonic transducer 16 as discussed in more detail below. Theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 is isolated from the other elements of theelongated shaft assembly 14 by aprotective sheath 80 and a plurality ofisolation elements 82, such as silicone rings. The outertubular sheath 56, the reciprocating tubular actuatingmember 58, and theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 are mechanically engaged by apin 74. Theswitch assembly 28 comprises thetoggle switch 30 andelectrical elements 86 a,b to electrically energize theultrasonic transducer 16 in accordance with the activation of the first or second projectingknobs - In one example embodiment, the outer
tubular sheath 56 isolates the user or the patient from the ultrasonic vibrations of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78. The outertubular sheath 56 generally includes ahub 76. The outertubular sheath 56 is threaded onto the distal end of thehandle assembly 12. Theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 extends through the opening of the outertubular sheath 56 and theisolation elements 82 isolate theultrasonic transmission waveguide 24 from the outertubular sheath 56. The outertubular sheath 56 may be attached to thewaveguide 78 with thepin 74. The hole to receive thepin 74 in thewaveguide 78 may occur nominally at a displacement node. Thewaveguide 78 may screw or snap into the hand piece handleassembly 12 by a stud. Flat portions on thehub 76 may allow the assembly to be torqued to a required level. In one example embodiment, thehub 76 portion of the outertubular sheath 56 is preferably constructed from plastic and the tubular elongated portion of the outertubular sheath 56 is fabricated from stainless steel. Alternatively, theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may comprise polymeric material surrounding it to isolate it from outside contact. - In one example embodiment, the distal end of the
ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be coupled to the proximal end of theblade 66 by an internal threaded connection, preferably at or near an antinode. It is contemplated that theblade 66 may be attached to theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 by any suitable means, such as a welded joint or the like. Although theblade 66 may be detachable from theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78, it is also contemplated that the single element end effector (e.g., the blade 66) and theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be formed as a single unitary piece. - In one example embodiment, the
trigger 32 is coupled to a linkage mechanism to translate the rotational motion of thetrigger 32 in directions 33A and 33B to the linear motion of the reciprocating tubular actuatingmember 58 in corresponding directions 60A and 60B. Thetrigger 32 comprises a first set offlanges 98 with openings formed therein to receive afirst yoke pin 92 a. Thefirst yoke pin 92 a is also located through a set of openings formed at the distal end of theyoke 84. Thetrigger 32 also comprises a second set offlanges 96 to receive afirst end 92 a of alink 92. Atrigger pin 90 is received in openings formed in thelink 92 and the second set offlanges 96. Thetrigger pin 90 is received in the openings formed in thelink 92 and the second set offlanges 96 and is adapted to couple to the first andsecond portions handle assembly 12 to form a trigger pivot point for thetrigger 32. Asecond end 92 b of thelink 92 is received in a slot 384 formed in a proximal end of theyoke 84 and is retained therein by asecond yoke pin 94 b. As thetrigger 32 is pivotally rotated about the pivot point 190 formed by thetrigger pin 90, the yoke translates horizontally along longitudinal axis “T” in a direction indicated by arrows 60A,B. -
FIG. 8 illustrates one example embodiment of an ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10. In the illustrated embodiment, a cross-sectional view of theultrasonic transducer 16 is shown within a partial cutaway view of thehandle assembly 12. One example embodiment of the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 comprises theultrasonic signal generator 20 coupled to theultrasonic transducer 16, comprising ahand piece housing 99, and an ultrasonically actuatable single or multiple elementend effector assembly 26. As previously discussed, theend effector assembly 26 comprises theultrasonically actuatable blade 66 and theclamp arm 64. Theultrasonic transducer 16, which is known as a “Langevin stack”, generally includes atransduction portion 100, a first resonator portion or end-bell 102, and a second resonator portion or fore-bell 104, and ancillary components. The total construction of these components is a resonator. Theultrasonic transducer 16 is preferably an integral number of one-half system wavelengths (nλ/2; where “n” is any positive integer; e.g., n=1, 2, 3 . . . ) in length as will be described in more detail later. Anacoustic assembly 106 includes theultrasonic transducer 16, anose cone 108, avelocity transformer 118, and asurface 110. - In one example embodiment, the distal end of the end-
bell 102 is connected to the proximal end of thetransduction portion 100, and the proximal end of the fore-bell 104 is connected to the distal end of thetransduction portion 100. The fore-bell 104 and the end-bell 102 have a length determined by a number of variables, including the thickness of thetransduction portion 100, the density and modulus of elasticity of the material used to manufacture the end-bell 102 and the fore-bell 22, and the resonant frequency of theultrasonic transducer 16. The fore-bell 104 may be tapered inwardly from its proximal end to its distal end to amplify the ultrasonic vibration amplitude as thevelocity transformer 118, or alternately may have no amplification. A suitable vibrational frequency range may be about 20 Hz to 32 kHz and a well-suited vibrational frequency range may be about 30-10 kHz. A suitable operational vibrational frequency may be approximately 55.5 kHz, for example. - In one example embodiment, the
piezoelectric elements 112 may be fabricated from any suitable material, such as, for example, lead zirconate-titanate, lead meta-niobate, lead titanate, barium titanate, or other piezoelectric ceramic material. Each ofpositive electrodes 114, negative electrodes 116, and thepiezoelectric elements 112 has a bore extending through the center. The positive andnegative electrodes 114 and 116 are electrically coupled towires wires cable 22 and electrically connectable to theultrasonic signal generator 20. - The
ultrasonic transducer 16 of theacoustic assembly 106 converts the electrical signal from theultrasonic signal generator 20 into mechanical energy that results in primarily a standing acoustic wave of longitudinal vibratory motion of theultrasonic transducer 16 and theblade 66 portion of theend effector assembly 26 at ultrasonic frequencies. In another embodiment, the vibratory motion of the ultrasonic transducer may act in a different direction. For example, the vibratory motion may comprise a local longitudinal component of a more complicated motion of the tip of theelongated shaft assembly 14. A suitable generator is available as model number GEN11, from Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. When theacoustic assembly 106 is energized, a vibratory motion standing wave is generated through theacoustic assembly 106. The ultrasonicsurgical instrument 10 is designed to operate at a resonance such that an acoustic standing wave pattern of predetermined amplitude is produced. The amplitude of the vibratory motion at any point along theacoustic assembly 106 depends upon the location along theacoustic assembly 106 at which the vibratory motion is measured. A minimum or zero crossing in the vibratory motion standing wave is generally referred to as a node (i.e., where motion is minimal), and a local absolute value maximum or peak in the standing wave is generally referred to as an anti-node (e.g., where local motion is maximal). The distance between an anti-node and its nearest node is one-quarter wavelength (λ/4). - The
wires ultrasonic signal generator 20 to thepositive electrodes 114 and the negative electrodes 116. Thepiezoelectric elements 112 are energized by the electrical signal supplied from theultrasonic signal generator 20 in response to an actuator 224, such as a foot switch, for example, to produce an acoustic standing wave in theacoustic assembly 106. The electrical signal causes disturbances in thepiezoelectric elements 112 in the form of repeated small displacements resulting in large alternating compression and tension forces within the material. The repeated small displacements cause thepiezoelectric elements 112 to expand and contract in a continuous manner along the axis of the voltage gradient, producing longitudinal waves of ultrasonic energy. The ultrasonic energy is transmitted through theacoustic assembly 106 to theblade 66 portion of theend effector assembly 26 via a transmission component or an ultrasonictransmission waveguide portion 78 of theelongated shaft assembly 14. - In one example embodiment, in order for the
acoustic assembly 106 to deliver energy to theblade 66 portion of theend effector assembly 26, all components of theacoustic assembly 106 must be acoustically coupled to theblade 66. The distal end of theultrasonic transducer 16 may be acoustically coupled at thesurface 110 to the proximal end of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 by a threaded connection such as astud 124. - In one example embodiment, the components of the
acoustic assembly 106 are preferably acoustically tuned such that the length of any assembly is an integral number of one-half wavelengths (nλ/2), where the wavelength λ is the wavelength of a pre-selected or operating longitudinal vibration drive frequency fd of theacoustic assembly 106. It is also contemplated that theacoustic assembly 106 may incorporate any suitable arrangement of acoustic elements. - In one example embodiment, the
blade 66 may have a length substantially equal to an integral multiple of one-half system wavelengths (nλ/2). A distal end of theblade 66 may be disposed near an antinode in order to provide the maximum longitudinal excursion of the distal end. When the transducer assembly is energized, the distal end of theblade 66 may be configured to move in the range of, for example, approximately 10 to 500 microns peak-to-peak, and preferably in the range of about 30 to 64 microns at a predetermined vibrational frequency of 55 kHz, for example. - In one example embodiment, the
blade 66 may be coupled to theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78. Theblade 66 and theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 as illustrated are formed as a single unit construction from a material suitable for transmission of ultrasonic energy. Examples of such materials include Ti6Al4V (an alloy of Titanium including Aluminum and Vanadium), Aluminum, Stainless Steel, or other suitable materials. Alternately, theblade 66 may be separable (and of differing composition) from theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78, and coupled by, for example, a stud, weld, glue, quick connect, or other suitable known methods. The length of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be substantially equal to an integral number of one-half wavelengths (nλ/2), for example. Theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may be preferably fabricated from a solid core shaft constructed out of material suitable to propagate ultrasonic energy efficiently, such as the titanium alloy discussed above (i.e., Ti6Al4V) or any suitable aluminum alloy, or other alloys, for example. - In one example embodiment, the
ultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 comprises a longitudinally projecting attachment post at a proximal end to couple to thesurface 110 of theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 by a threaded connection such as thestud 124. Theultrasonic transmission waveguide 78 may include a plurality of stabilizing silicone rings or compliant supports 82 (FIG. 5 ) positioned at a plurality of nodes. The silicone rings 82 dampen undesirable vibration and isolate the ultrasonic energy from an outer protective sheath 80 (FIG. 5 ) assuring the flow of ultrasonic energy in a longitudinal direction to the distal end of theblade 66 with maximum efficiency. -
FIG. 9 illustrates one example embodiment of theproximal rotation assembly 128. In the illustrated embodiment, theproximal rotation assembly 128 comprises theproximal rotation knob 134 inserted over thecylindrical hub 135. Theproximal rotation knob 134 comprises a plurality ofradial projections 138 that are received in correspondingslots 130 formed on a proximal end of thecylindrical hub 135. Theproximal rotation knob 134 defines anopening 142 to receive the distal end of theultrasonic transducer 16. Theradial projections 138 are formed of a soft polymeric material and define a diameter that is undersized relative to the outside diameter of theultrasonic transducer 16 to create a friction interference fit when the distal end of theultrasonic transducer 16. The polymericradial projections 138 protrude radially into theopening 142 to form “gripper” ribs that firmly grip the exterior housing of theultrasonic transducer 16. Therefore, theproximal rotation knob 134 securely grips theultrasonic transducer 16. - The distal end of the
cylindrical hub 135 comprises acircumferential lip 132 and acircumferential bearing surface 140. The circumferential lip engages a groove formed in thehousing 12 and thecircumferential bearing surface 140 engages thehousing 12. Thus, thecylindrical hub 135 is mechanically retained within the two housing portions (not shown) of thehousing 12. Thecircumferential lip 132 of thecylindrical hub 135 is located or “trapped” between the first andsecond housing portions circumferential bearing surface 140 bears against interior portions of the housing to assist proper rotation. Thus, thecylindrical hub 135 is free to rotate in place within the housing. The user engages theflutes 136 formed on theproximal rotation knob 134 with either the finger or the thumb to rotate thecylindrical hub 135 within thehousing 12. - In one example embodiment, the
cylindrical hub 135 may be formed of a durable plastic such as polycarbonate. In one example embodiment, thecylindrical hub 135 may be formed of a siliconized polycarbonate material. In one example embodiment, theproximal rotation knob 134 may be formed of pliable, resilient, flexible polymeric materials including Versaflex® TPE alloys made by GLS Corporation, for example. Theproximal rotation knob 134 may be formed of elastomeric materials, thermoplastic rubber known as Santoprene®, other thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs), or elastomers, for example. The embodiments, however, are not limited in this context. -
FIG. 10 illustrates one example embodiment of asurgical system 200 including asurgical instrument 210 having singleelement end effector 278. Thesystem 200 may include atransducer assembly 216 coupled to theend effector 278 and asheath 256 positioned around the proximal portions of theend effector 278 as shown. Thetransducer assembly 216 andend effector 278 may operate in a manner similar to that of thetransducer assembly 16 andend effector 18 described above to produce ultrasonic energy that may be transmitted to tissue viablade 226′ - Over the years, a variety of minimally invasive robotic (or “telesurgical”) systems have been developed to increase surgical dexterity as well as to permit a surgeon to operate on a patient in an intuitive manner. Robotic surgical systems can be used with many different types of surgical instruments including, for example, ultrasonic instruments, as described herein. Example robotic systems include those manufactured by Intuitive Surgical, Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif., U.S.A. Such systems, as well as robotic systems from other manufacturers, are disclosed in the following U.S. patents which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety: U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,135, entitled “Articulated Surgical Instrument For Performing Minimally Invasive Surgery With Enhanced Dexterity and Sensitivity”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,565, entitled “Robotic Arm DLUs For Performing Surgical Tasks”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,783,524, entitled “Robotic Surgical Tool With Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,364,888, entitled “Alignment of Master and Slave In a Minimally Invasive Surgical Apparatus”, U.S. Pat. No. 7,524,320, entitled “Mechanical Actuator Interface System For Robotic Surgical Tools”, U.S. Pat. No. 7,691,098, entitled Platform Link Wrist Mechanism”, U.S. Pat. No. 7,806,891, entitled “Repositioning and Reorientation of Master/Slave Relationship in Minimally Invasive Telesurgery”, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,824,401, entitled “Surgical Tool With Writed Monopolar Electrosurgical End Effectors”. Many of such systems, however, have in the past been unable to generate the magnitude of forces required to effectively cut and fasten tissue.
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FIGS. 11-26 illustrate example embodiments of robotic surgical systems. In some embodiments, the disclosed robotic surgical systems may utilize the ultrasonic or electrosurgical instruments described herein. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the illustrated robotic surgical systems are not limited to only those instruments described herein, and may utilize any compatible surgical instruments. Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that while various embodiments described herein may be used with the described robotic surgical systems, the disclosure is not so limited, and may be used with any compatible robotic surgical system. -
FIGS. 11-16 illustrate the structure and operation of several example robotic surgical systems and components thereof.FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of an example roboticsurgical system 1000. Thesystem 1000 comprises at least onecontroller 508 and at least onearm cart 510. Thearm cart 510 may be mechanically coupled to one or more robotic manipulators or arms, indicated bybox 512. Each of therobotic arms 512 may comprise one or moresurgical instruments 514 for performing various surgical tasks on apatient 504. Operation of thearm cart 510, including thearms 512 andinstruments 514 may be directed by aclinician 502 from acontroller 508. In some embodiments, asecond controller 508′, operated by asecond clinician 502′ may also direct operation of thearm cart 510 in conjunction with thefirst clinician 502′. For example, each of theclinicians different arms 512 of the cart or, in some cases, complete control of thearm cart 510 may be passed between theclinicians patient 504. These additional arm carts may be controlled by one or more of thecontrollers controllers communications link 516, which may be any suitable type of wired or wireless communications link carrying any suitable type of signal (e.g., electrical, optical, infrared, etc.) according to any suitable communications protocol. Example implementations of robotic surgical systems, such as thesystem 1000, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,524,320 which has been herein incorporated by reference. Thus, various details of such devices will not be described in detail herein beyond that which may be necessary to understand various embodiments of the claimed device. -
FIG. 12 shows one example embodiment of arobotic arm cart 520. Therobotic arm cart 520 is configured to actuate a plurality of surgical instruments or instruments, generally designated as 522 within awork envelope 519. Various robotic surgery systems and methods employing master controller and robotic arm cart arrangements are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,368, entitled “Multi-Component Telepresence System and Method”, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In various forms, therobotic arm cart 520 includes a base 524 from which, in the illustrated embodiment, threesurgical instruments 522 are supported. In various forms, thesurgical instruments 522 are each supported by a series of manually articulatable linkages, generally referred to as set-upjoints 526, and arobotic manipulator 528. These structures are herein illustrated with protective covers extending over much of the robotic linkage. These protective covers may be optional, and may be limited in size or entirely eliminated in some embodiments to minimize the inertia that is encountered by the servo mechanisms used to manipulate such devices, to limit the volume of moving components so as to avoid collisions, and to limit the overall weight of thecart 520.Cart 520 will generally have dimensions suitable for transporting thecart 520 between operating rooms. Thecart 520 may be configured to typically fit through standard operating room doors and onto standard hospital elevators. In various forms, thecart 520 would preferably have a weight and include a wheel (or other transportation) system that allows thecart 520 to be positioned adjacent an operating table by a single attendant. -
FIG. 13 shows one example embodiment of therobotic manipulator 528 of therobotic arm cart 520. In the example shown inFIG. 13 , therobotic manipulators 528 may include alinkage 530 that constrains movement of thesurgical instrument 522. In various embodiments,linkage 530 includes rigid links coupled together by rotational joints in a parallelogram arrangement so that thesurgical instrument 522 rotates around a point inspace 532, as more fully described in issued U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,084, the full disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. The parallelogram arrangement constrains rotation to pivoting about anaxis 534 a, sometimes called the pitch axis. The links supporting the parallelogram linkage are pivotally mounted to set-up joints 526 (FIG. 12 ) so that thesurgical instrument 522 further rotates about anaxis 534 b, sometimes called the yaw axis. The pitch andyaw axes shaft 538 of thesurgical instrument 522. Thesurgical instrument 522 may have further degrees of driven freedom as supported bymanipulator 540, including sliding motion of thesurgical instrument 522 along the longitudinal instrument axis “LT-LT”. As thesurgical instrument 522 slides along the instrument axis LT-LT relative to manipulator 540 (arrow 534 c), remote center 536 remains fixed relative tobase 542 ofmanipulator 540. Hence, theentire manipulator 540 is generally moved to re-position remote center 536.Linkage 530 ofmanipulator 540 is driven by a series ofmotors 544. Thesemotors 544 actively movelinkage 530 in response to commands from a processor of a control system. As will be discussed in further detail below,motors 544 are also employed to manipulate thesurgical instrument 522. -
FIG. 14 shows one example embodiment of arobotic arm cart 520′ having an alternative set-up joint structure. In this example embodiment, asurgical instrument 522 is supported by analternative manipulator structure 528′ between two tissue manipulation instruments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various embodiments of the claimed device may incorporate a wide variety of alternative robotic structures, including those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,193, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, while the data communication between a robotic component and the processor of the robotic surgical system is primarily described herein with reference to communication between thesurgical instrument 522 and the controller, it should be understood that similar communication may take place between circuitry of a manipulator, a set-up joint, an endoscope or other image capture device, or the like, and the processor of the robotic surgical system for component compatibility verification, component-type identification, component calibration (such as off-set or the like) communication, confirmation of coupling of the component to the robotic surgical system, or the like. -
FIG. 15 shows one example embodiment of acontroller 518 that may be used in conjunction with a robotic arm cart, such as therobotic arm carts FIGS. 12-14 . Thecontroller 518 generally includes master controllers (generally represented as 519 inFIG. 15 ) which are grasped by the clinician and manipulated in space while the clinician views the procedure via astereo display 521. A surgeon feed backmeter 515 may be viewed via thedisplay 521 and provide the surgeon with a visual indication of the amount of force being applied to the cutting instrument or dynamic clamping member. Themaster controllers 519 generally comprise manual input devices which preferably move with multiple degrees of freedom, and which often further have a handle or trigger for actuating instruments (for example, for closing grasping saws, applying an electrical potential to an electrode, or the like). -
FIG. 16 shows one example embodiment of an ultrasonicsurgical instrument 522 adapted for use with a robotic surgical system. For example, thesurgical instrument 522 may be coupled to one of thesurgical manipulators FIG. 16 , thesurgical instrument 522 comprises asurgical end effector 548 that comprises anultrasonic blade 550 and clamp arm 552, which may be coupled to anelongated shaft assembly 554 that, in some embodiments, may comprise an articulation joint 556.FIG. 17 shows one example embodiment of aninstrument drive assembly 546 that may be coupled to one of thesurgical manipulators surgical instrument 522. Theinstrument drive assembly 546 may also be operatively coupled to thecontroller 518 to receive inputs from the clinician for controlling theinstrument 522. For example, actuation (e.g., opening and closing) of the clamp arm 552, actuation (e.g., opening and closing) of the jaws 551A, 551B, actuation of theultrasonic blade 550, extension of the knife 555 and actuation of the energy delivery surfaces 553A, 553B, etc. may be controlled through theinstrument drive assembly 546 based on inputs from the clinician provided through thecontroller 518. Thesurgical instrument 522 is operably coupled to the manipulator by an instrument mounting portion, generally designated as 558. Thesurgical instruments 522 further include aninterface 560 which mechanically and electrically couples theinstrument mounting portion 558 to the manipulator. -
FIG. 18 shows another view of the instrument drive assembly ofFIG. 17 including the ultrasonicsurgical instrument 522. Theinstrument mounting portion 558 includes aninstrument mounting plate 562 that operably supports a plurality of (four are shown inFIG. 17 ) rotatable body portions, driven discs orelements 564, that each include a pair ofpins 566 that extend from a surface of the drivenelement 564. Onepin 566 is closer to an axis of rotation of each drivenelements 564 than theother pin 566 on the same drivenelement 564, which helps to ensure positive angular alignment of the drivenelement 564. The drivenelements 564 andpints 566 may be positioned on anadapter side 567 of theinstrument mounting plate 562. -
Interface 560 also includes anadaptor portion 568 that is configured to mountingly engage the mountingplate 562 as will be further discussed below. Theadaptor portion 568 may include an array of electrical connectingpins 570, which may be coupled to a memory structure by a circuit board within theinstrument mounting portion 558. Whileinterface 560 is described herein with reference to mechanical, electrical, and magnetic coupling elements, it should be understood that a wide variety of telemetry modalities might be used, including infrared, inductive coupling, or the like. -
FIGS. 19-21 show additional views of theadapter portion 568 of theinstrument drive assembly 546 ofFIG. 17 . Theadapter portion 568 generally includes aninstrument side 572 and a holder side 574 (FIG. 19 ). In various embodiments, a plurality ofrotatable bodies 576 are mounted to a floatingplate 578 which has a limited range of movement relative to the surrounding adaptor structure normal to the major surfaces of theadaptor 568. Axial movement of the floatingplate 578 helps decouple therotatable bodies 576 from theinstrument mounting portion 558 when thelevers 580 along the sides of the instrument mountingportion housing 582 are actuated (SeeFIG. 16 ) Other mechanisms/arrangements may be employed for releasably coupling theinstrument mounting portion 558 to theadaptor 568. In at least one form,rotatable bodies 576 are resiliently mounted to floatingplate 578 by resilient radial members which extend into a circumferential indentation about therotatable bodies 576. Therotatable bodies 576 can move axially relative toplate 578 by deflection of these resilient structures. When disposed in a first axial position (toward instrument side 572) therotatable bodies 576 are free to rotate without angular limitation. However, as therotatable bodies 576 move axially towardinstrument side 572, tabs 584 (extending radially from the rotatable bodies 576) laterally engage detents on the floating plates so as to limit angular rotation of therotatable bodies 576 about their axes. This limited rotation can be used to help drivingly engage therotatable bodies 576 with drive pins 586 of a corresponding instrument holder portion 588 of the robotic system, as the drive pins 586 will push therotatable bodies 576 into the limited rotation position until thepins 586 are aligned with (and slide into)openings 590. -
Openings 590 on theinstrument side 572 andopenings 590 on theholder side 574 ofrotatable bodies 576 are configured to accurately align the driven elements 564 (FIGS. 18 , 28) of theinstrument mounting portion 558 with the drive elements 592 of the instrument holder 588. As described above regarding inner andouter pins 566 of drivenelements 564, theopenings 590 are at differing distances from the axis of rotation on their respectiverotatable bodies 576 so as to ensure that the alignment is not 33 degrees from its intended position. Additionally, each of theopenings 590 may be slightly radially elongated so as to fittingly receive thepins 566 in the circumferential orientation. This allows thepins 566 to slide radially within theopenings 590 and accommodate some axial misalignment between theinstrument 522 and instrument holder 588, while minimizing any angular misalignment and backlash between the drive and driven elements.Openings 590 on theinstrument side 572 may be offset by about 90 degrees from the openings 590 (shown in broken lines) on theholder side 574, as can be seen most clearly inFIG. 21 . - Various embodiments may further include an array of electrical connector pins 570 located on
holder side 574 ofadaptor 568, and theinstrument side 572 of theadaptor 568 may include slots 594 (FIG. 21 ) for receiving a pin array (not shown) from theinstrument mounting portion 558. In addition to transmitting electrical signals between thesurgical instrument 522, 523 and the instrument holder 588, at least some of these electrical connections may be coupled to an adaptor memory device 596 (FIG. 20 ) by a circuit board of theadaptor 568. - A
detachable latch arrangement 598 may be employed to releasably affix theadaptor 568 to the instrument holder 588. As used herein, the term “instrument drive assembly” when used in the context of the robotic system, at least encompasses various embodiments of theadapter 568 and instrument holder 588 and which has been generally designated as 546 inFIG. 17 . For example, as can be seen inFIG. 17 , the instrument holder 588 may include a firstlatch pin arrangement 600 that is sized to be received in correspondingclevis slots 602 provided in theadaptor 568. In addition, the instrument holder 588 may further have second latch pins 604 that are sized to be retained incorresponding latch clevises 606 in theadaptor 568. SeeFIG. 20 . In at least one form, alatch assembly 608 is movably supported on theadapter 568 and is biasable between a first latched position wherein the latch pins 600 are retained within theirrespective latch clevis 606 and an unlatched position wherein the second latch pins 604 may be into or removed from thelatch clevises 606. A spring or springs (not shown) are employed to bias the latch assembly into the latched position. A lip on theinstrument side 572 ofadaptor 568 may slidably receive laterally extending tabs ofinstrument mounting housing 582. - As described the
driven elements 564 may be aligned with the drive elements 592 of the instrument holder 588 such that rotational motion of the drive elements 592 causes corresponding rotational motion of the drivenelements 564. The rotation of the drive elements 592 and drivenelements 564 may be electronically controlled, for example, via therobotic arm 612, in response to instructions received from theclinician 502 via acontroller 508. Theinstrument mounting portion 558 may translate rotation of the drivenelements 564 into motion of thesurgical instrument 522, 523. -
FIGS. 22-24 show one example embodiment of theinstrument mounting portion 558 showing components for translating motion of the drivenelements 564 into motion of thesurgical instrument 522.FIGS. 22-24 show the instrument mounting portion with ashaft 538 having asurgical end effector 610 at a distal end thereof. Theend effector 610 may be any suitable type of end effector for performing a surgical task on a patient. For example, the end effector may be configured to provide ultrasonic energy to tissue at a surgical site. Theshaft 538 may be rotatably coupled to theinstrument mounting portion 558 and secured by atop shaft holder 646 and abottom shaft holder 648 at acoupler 650 of theshaft 538. - In one example embodiment, the
instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a mechanism for translating rotation of the various drivenelements 564 into rotation of theshaft 538, differential translation of members along the axis of the shaft (e.g., for articulation), and reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the shaft 538 (e.g., for extending and retracting tissue cutting elements such as 555, overtubes and/or other components). In one example embodiment, the rotatable bodies 612 (e.g., rotatable spools) are coupled to the drivenelements 564. Therotatable bodies 612 may be formed integrally with the drivenelements 564. In some embodiments, therotatable bodies 612 may be formed separately from the drivenelements 564 provided that therotatable bodies 612 and the drivenelements 564 are fixedly coupled such that driving the drivenelements 564 causes rotation of therotatable bodies 612. Each of therotatable bodies 612 is coupled to a gear train or gear mechanism to provide shaft articulation and rotation and clamp jaw open/close and knife actuation. - In one example embodiment, the
instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a mechanism for causing differential translation of two or more members along the axis of theshaft 538. In the example provided inFIGS. 22-24 , this motion is used to manipulate articulation joint 556. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, theinstrument mounting portion 558 comprises a rack and pinion gearing mechanism to provide the differential translation and thus the shaft articulation functionality. In one example embodiment, the rack and pinion gearing mechanism comprises afirst pinion gear 614 coupled to arotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding drivenelement 564 causes thefirst pinion gear 614 to rotate. Abearing 616 is coupled to therotatable body 612 and is provided between the drivenelement 564 and thefirst pinion gear 614. Thefirst pinion gear 614 is meshed to afirst rack gear 618 to convert the rotational motion of thefirst pinion gear 614 into linear motion of thefirst rack gear 618 to control the articulation of thearticulation section 556 of theshaft assembly 538 in aleft direction 620L. Thefirst rack gear 618 is attached to a first articulation band 622 (FIG. 22 ) such that linear motion of thefirst rack gear 618 in a distal direction causes thearticulation section 556 of theshaft assembly 538 to articulate in theleft direction 620L. Asecond pinion gear 626 is coupled to anotherrotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding drivenelement 564 causes thesecond pinion gear 626 to rotate. Abearing 616 is coupled to therotatable body 612 and is provided between the drivenelement 564 and thesecond pinion gear 626. Thesecond pinion gear 626 is meshed to asecond rack gear 628 to convert the rotational motion of thesecond pinion gear 626 into linear motion of thesecond rack gear 628 to control the articulation of thearticulation section 556 in aright direction 620R. Thesecond rack gear 628 is attached to a second articulation band 624 (FIG. 23 ) such that linear motion of thesecond rack gear 628 in a distal direction causes thearticulation section 556 of theshaft assembly 538 to articulate in theright direction 620R. Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example. - In one example embodiment, the
instrument mounting portion 558 further comprises a mechanism for translating rotation of the drivenelements 564 into rotational motion about the axis of theshaft 538. For example, the rotational motion may be rotation of theshaft 538 itself. In the illustrated embodiment, a firstspiral worm gear 630 coupled to arotatable body 612 and a secondspiral worm gear 632 coupled to theshaft assembly 538. A bearing 616 (FIG. 17 ) is coupled to arotatable body 612 and is provided between a drivenelement 564 and the firstspiral worm gear 630. The firstspiral worm gear 630 is meshed to the secondspiral worm gear 632, which may be coupled to theshaft assembly 538 and/or to another component of theinstrument 522, 523 for which longitudinal rotation is desired. Rotation may be caused in a clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) direction based on the rotational direction of the first and second spiral worm gears 630, 632. Accordingly, rotation of the firstspiral worm gear 630 about a first axis is converted to rotation of the secondspiral worm gear 632 about a second axis, which is orthogonal to the first axis. As shown inFIGS. 22-23 , for example, a CW rotation of the secondspiral worm gear 632 results in a CW rotation of theshaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634CW. A CCW rotation of the secondspiral worm gear 632 results in a CCW rotation of theshaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634CCW. Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example. - In one example embodiment, the
instrument mounting portion 558 comprises a mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of theshaft 538. Such translation may be used, for example to drive a tissue cutting element, such as 555, drive an overtube for closure and/or articulation of theend effector 610, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, a rack and pinion gearing mechanism may provide the reciprocating translation. Afirst gear 636 is coupled to arotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding drivenelement 564 causes thefirst gear 636 to rotate in a first direction. Asecond gear 638 is free to rotate about apost 640 formed in theinstrument mounting plate 562. Thefirst gear 636 is meshed to thesecond gear 638 such that thesecond gear 638 rotates in a direction that is opposite of thefirst gear 636. In one example embodiment, thesecond gear 638 is a pinion gear meshed to arack gear 642, which moves in a liner direction. Therack gear 642 is coupled to a translatingblock 644, which may translate distally and proximally with therack gear 642. Thetranslation block 644 may be coupled to any suitable component of theshaft assembly 538 and/or theend effector 610 so as to provide reciprocating longitudinal motion. For example, thetranslation block 644 may be mechanically coupled to the tissue cutting element 555 of the RF surgical device 523. In some embodiments, thetranslation block 644 may be coupled to an overtube, or other component of theend effector 610 orshaft 538. -
FIGS. 25-27 illustrate an alternate embodiment of theinstrument mounting portion 558 showing an alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the drivenelements 564 into rotational motion about the axis of theshaft 538 and an alternate example mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of theshaft 538. Referring now to the alternate rotational mechanism, a firstspiral worm gear 652 is coupled to a secondspiral worm gear 654, which is coupled to a thirdspiral worm gear 656. Such an arrangement may be provided for various reasons including maintaining compatibility with existingrobotic systems 1000 and/or where space may be limited. The firstspiral worm gear 652 is coupled to arotatable body 612. The thirdspiral worm gear 656 is meshed with a fourthspiral worm gear 658 coupled to theshaft assembly 538. A bearing 760 is coupled to arotatable body 612 and is provided between a drivenelement 564 and the first spiral worm gear 738. Another bearing 760 is coupled to arotatable body 612 and is provided between a drivenelement 564 and the thirdspiral worm gear 652. The thirdspiral worm gear 652 is meshed to the fourthspiral worm gear 658, which may be coupled to theshaft assembly 538 and/or to another component of theinstrument 522 for which longitudinal rotation is desired. Rotation may be caused in a CW and a CCW direction based on the rotational direction of the spiral worm gears 656, 658. Accordingly, rotation of the thirdspiral worm gear 656 about a first axis is converted to rotation of the fourthspiral worm gear 658 about a second axis, which is orthogonal to the first axis. As shown inFIGS. 26 and 27 , for example, the fourthspiral worm gear 658 is coupled to theshaft 538, and a CW rotation of the fourthspiral worm gear 658 results in a CW rotation of theshaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634CW. A CCW rotation of the fourthspiral worm gear 658 results in a CCW rotation of theshaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634CCW. Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example. - Referring now to the alternate example mechanism for generating reciprocating translation of one or more members along the axis of the
shaft 538, theinstrument mounting portion 558 comprises a rack and pinion gearing mechanism to provide reciprocating translation along the axis of the shaft 538 (e.g., translation of a tissue cutting element 555 of the RF surgical device 523). In one example embodiment, athird pinion gear 660 is coupled to arotatable body 612 such that rotation of the corresponding drivenelement 564 causes thethird pinion gear 660 to rotate in a first direction. Thethird pinion gear 660 is meshed to arack gear 662, which moves in a linear direction. Therack gear 662 is coupled to a translatingblock 664. The translatingblock 664 may be coupled to a component of thedevice 522, 523, such as, for example, the tissue cutting element 555 of the RF surgical device and/or an overtube or other component which is desired to be translated longitudinally. -
FIGS. 28-32 illustrate an alternate embodiment of theinstrument mounting portion 558 showing another alternate example mechanism for translating rotation of the drivenelements 564 into rotational motion about the axis of theshaft 538. InFIGS. 28-32 , theshaft 538 is coupled to the remainder of the mountingportion 558 via acoupler 676 and abushing 678. Afirst gear 666 coupled to arotatable body 612, a fixedpost 668 comprising first andsecond openings 672, first and secondrotatable pins 674 coupled to the shaft assembly, and a cable 670 (or rope). The cable is wrapped around therotatable body 612. One end of thecable 670 is located through atop opening 672 of the fixedpost 668 and fixedly coupled to a toprotatable pin 674. Another end of thecable 670 is located through abottom opening 672 of the fixedpost 668 and fixedly coupled to a bottomrotating pin 674. Such an arrangement is provided for various reasons including maintaining compatibility with existingrobotic systems 1000 and/or where space may be limited. Accordingly, rotation of therotatable body 612 causes the rotation about theshaft assembly 538 in a CW and a CCW direction based on the rotational direction of the rotatable body 612 (e.g., rotation of theshaft 538 itself). Accordingly, rotation of therotatable body 612 about a first axis is converted to rotation of theshaft assembly 538 about a second axis, which is orthogonal to the first axis. As shown inFIGS. 28-29 , for example, a CW rotation of therotatable body 612 results in a CW rotation of theshaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634CW. A CCW rotation of therotatable body 612 results in a CCW rotation of theshaft assembly 538 in the direction indicated by 634CCW. Additional bearings may be provided between the rotatable bodies and the corresponding gears. Any suitable bearings may be provided to support and stabilize the mounting and reduce rotary friction of shaft and gears, for example. -
FIGS. 33-36A illustrate an alternate embodiment of theinstrument mounting portion 558 showing an alternate example mechanism for differential translation of members along the axis of the shaft 538 (e.g., for articulation). For example, as illustrated inFIGS. 33-36A , theinstrument mounting portion 558 comprises adouble cam mechanism 680 to provide the shaft articulation functionality. In one example embodiment, thedouble cam mechanism 680 comprises first andsecond cam portions second follower arms rotatable body 612 coupled to thedouble cam mechanism 680 rotates, thefirst cam portion 680A acts on thefirst follower arm 682 and thesecond cam portion 680B acts on thesecond follower arm 684. As thecam mechanism 680 rotates thefollower arms first follower arm 682 may be attached to a first member that is to be differentially translated (e.g., the first articulation band 622). Thesecond follower arm 684 is attached to a second member that is to be differentially translated (e.g., the second articulation band 624). As thetop cam portion 680A acts on thefirst follower arm 682, the first and second members are differentially translated. In the example embodiment where the first and second members are therespective articulation bands shaft assembly 538 articulates in aleft direction 620L. As thebottom cam portion 680B acts of thesecond follower arm 684, theshaft assembly 538 articulates in aright direction 620R. In some example embodiments, twoseparate bushings second follower arms second follower arms second follower arms FIG. 36A shows thebushings dual cam assembly 680, including the first andsecond cam portions second follower arms - In various embodiments, the
instrument mounting portion 558 may additionally comprise internal energy sources for driving electronics and provided desired ultrasonic and/or RF frequency signals to surgical tools.FIGS. 36B-36C illustrate one embodiment of atool mounting portion 558′ comprising internal power and energy sources. For example, surgical instruments (e.g., instrument 522) mounted utilizing thetool mounting portion 558′ need not be wired to an external generator or other power source. Instead, the functionality of thegenerator 20 described herein may be implemented on board the mountingportion 558. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 36B-36C , theinstrument mounting portion 558′ may comprise adistal portion 702. Thedistal portion 702 may comprise various mechanisms for coupling rotation ofdrive elements 612 to end effectors of the varioussurgical instruments 522, for example, as described herein above. Proximal of thedistal portion 702, theinstrument mounting portion 558′ comprises an internal direct current (DC) energy source and an internal drive andcontrol circuit 704. In the illustrated embodiment, the energy source comprises a first andsecond battery tool mounting portion 558′ is similar to the various embodiments of thetool mounting portion 558 described herein above. Thecontrol circuit 704 may operate in a manner similar to that described above with respect togenerator 20. For example, thecontrol circuit 704 may provide an ultrasonic and/or electrosurgical drive signal in a manner similar to that described above with respect togenerator 20. -
FIG. 37 illustrates one embodiment of an articulatablesurgical instrument 1000 comprising a distally positionedultrasonic transducer assembly 1012. Anend effector 1014 of theinstrument 1000 comprises anultrasonic blade 1018 and aclamp arm 1016. Theend effector 1014 is coupled to a distal end of ashaft 1004. Theshaft 1004 extends along alongitudinal axis 1002 and comprises adistal shaft member 1007 and aproximal shaft member 1009. For example, theend effector 1014 may be coupled to a distal portion of thedistal shaft member 1007. The distal andproximal shaft members proximal shaft members axis 1006 that is perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 1002. Potential directions of articulation are indicated byarrow 1008. - In
FIG. 37 , a proximal end of theshaft 1009 is coupled to ahandle 1001. Thehandle 1001 may comprise various controls for controlling the operation of theshaft 1009 andend effector 1014 including, for example,trigger 1022 andbuttons 1024. These features may operate in a manner similar to that oftrigger 24 andbuttons 28 described herein above. In some embodiments, thehandle 1001 may comprise one or more electric or other motors to assist the clinician in operation of theshaft end effector 1014. Examples of such handles are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,845,537, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of theshaft 1004 andend effector 1014 used in conjunction with aninstrument mounting portion 1020 of a robotic surgical system. For example, theshaft 1004,end effector 1014 andinstrument mounting portion 1020 may be used in conjunction with the roboticsurgical system 500 described herein above. -
FIG. 39 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of theshaft 1004 andend effector 1014. As illustrated, the distal andproximal shaft portions respective clevises pin 1030 to form the articulation joint 1010. In various embodiments, thepin 1030 is substantially parallel to the axis 1006 (FIGS. 37-38 ). Also, although the articulation joint 1010 is illustrated inFIG. 39 as being implemented withclevises pin 1030, it will be appreciated that any suitable type of pivotable joint mechanism may be used.FIG. 39 also illustrates a clamparm control member 1044 that may be coupled to one or more components of theend effector 1014, as described herein, to bring about opening and closure of theclamp arm 1016. Apower wire 1038 may be coupled to theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012, and specifically to anultrasonic transducer 1040 thereof, so as to connect theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 to a generator, such as thegenerator 20 described herein. - In various embodiments, articulation of the
distal shaft member 1007 andend effector 1014 may be brought about utilizing translatingarticulation control members control members longitudinal axis 1002 from one another. Distal portions of thecontrol members end effector 1014 or thedistal shaft member 1007. For example, thecontrol members FIG. 39 to be coupled to thedistal shaft member 1007 bypegs control members proximal shaft portion 1009. - The
control members end effector 1014 anddistal shaft portion 1007. For example, proximal translation of thecontrol member 1034 may cause thedistal shaft member 1007 andend effector 1014 to pivot towards thecontrol member 1034, as shown inFIG. 39 and indicated byarrow 1041. Similarly, proximal translation of thecontrol member 1032 may cause thedistal shaft member 1007 andend effector 1014 to pivot towards thecontrol member 1032 in a manner opposite to that shown inFIG. 39 . In various embodiments, proximal translation of onecontrol member opposite control member - Differential translation of the
control members control members FIGS. 22-36C .FIGS. 40-40A illustrate one embodiment for driving differential translation of thecontrol members FIG. 40 shows theinstrument 1000 including anarticulation assembly 1050 including anarticulation lever 1052. Referring now toFIG. 40A , thearticulation lever 1052 is coupled to aspindle gear 1058. Each of thecontrol members spindle gear 1058. Rotation of thearticulation lever 1052 andspindle gear 1058 in a first direction, indicated byarrow 1060, may cause distal translation ofcontrol member 1032 and proximal translation ofcontrol member 1034. Rotation of thearticulation lever 1052 in the opposite direction, indicated byarrow 1062, may cause distal translation ofcontrol member 1034 and proximal translation ofcontrol member 1032. -
FIG. 41 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012. As illustrated, theassembly 1012 comprises anouter housing 1064 enclosing theultrasonic transducer 1040. The transducer may be in electrical communication with a generator viapower cable 1038, as described herein. At a distal portion, theultrasonic transducer 1040 is acoustically coupled to theultrasonic blade 1018. Thetransducer 1040 may be secured within thehousing 1064 bywashers 1070, which may be made from silicone or another suitable material. In certain embodiments, thehousing 1064 defines proximal (1066) and distal (1068) hinge portions, which may be utilized, as described herein, to couple theassembly 1012 to a clamp arm member, for example, as described herein. -
FIG. 42 illustrates one embodiment of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamparm 1016 arranged as part of a four-bar linkage. Theclamp arm 1016 may comprise aclamp pad 1076 positioned to contact theultrasonic blade 1018 when theclamp arm 1016 is in the closed position. Theclamp arm 1016 may further comprise aproximal member 1078 pivotably coupled to thetransducer assembly 1012 atpivot point 1072. Thepivot point 1072 may be any suitable type of mechanical pivot and may, for example, comprise a pin, as shown. Theproximal member 1078 may extend further proximally from thepivot point 1072 and, at or near a proximal end, may be pivotably coupled to alinkage member 1074 at apivot point 1075. Similarly, a proximal portion of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be pivotably coupled to alinkage member 1076 atpivot point 1077. Thelinkage members arm control member 1044, at apivot point 1080. Proximal and distal translation of the clamparm control member 1044 may transition theclamp arm 1016 andultrasonic blade 1018 between open and closed positions, as described herein. - In the example embodiment shown in
FIG. 42 , theclamp arm 1016 comprises a secondproximal member 1078′ such that theproximal members ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and be pivotably coupled to asecond linkage member 1074′. Similarly, asecond linkage member 1076′ may be pivotably coupled to theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 in a manner similar to that oflinkage member 1078. All of thelinkage members pivot point 1080. In various embodiments,pivot point 1075 may comprise abar 1082 extending between proximal member/linkage member 1078/1074 and proximal member/linkage member 1078′/1074′. Asimilar bar 1084 may be positioned atpivot point 1080. -
FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamparm 1016, arranged as illustrated inFIG. 42 , coupled to thedistal shaft portion 1007 and in an open position. As illustrated inFIG. 43 , thedistal shaft portion 1007 comprises aclevis arm 1086 that is pivotably coupled to theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamparm 1016 at thepivot point 1072 such that theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012, theclamp arm 1016 and theclevis arm 1086 are all pivotable relative to one another. In some embodiments, a second clevis arm (not shown) is present on an opposite side of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamparm 1016. As illustrated, the clamparm control member 1044 is translated distally in the direction indicated byarrow 1088. This pushes thelinkage members clamp arm 1016 and blade 1018 (e.g., coupled to the assembly 1012) to pivot away from one another about thepivot point 1072 to the position shown. -
FIG. 44 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 and clamparm 1016, arranged as illustrated inFIG. 42 , coupled to thedistal shaft portion 1007 and in a closed position. InFIG. 44 , the clamparm control member 1044 has been pulled proximally in the direction ofarrow 1090. This pullslinkage members arrows blade 1018 and clamparm 1016 are pivoted about thepivot point 1072 towards one another in the direction ofarrows arm control member 1044 may be brought about in any suitable manner. For example, in a handheld instrument, the clamparm control member 1044 may be distally and proximally translated in manner similar to that described above with respect to thetubular actuating member 58. Also, for example, in a robotic instrument, the clamparm control member 1044 may be distally and proximally translated in a manner similar to that described herein above with respect toFIGS. 22-36C . -
FIGS. 45 and 46 illustrate side views of one embodiment of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and clamp arm ofFIGS. 37-38 , arranged as illustrated inFIG. 42 , including proximal portions of theshaft 1004. InFIG. 45 , theblade 1018 and clamparm 1016 are shown in the closed position, similar toFIG. 44 .Proximal shaft portion 1009 is shown extending from atrocar 1100. Thedistal shaft portion 1007 andend effector 1014 are shown articulated about the articulation joint 1010 in the direction indicated byarrows 1102. The clamparm control member 1044 is pulled proximally, as indicated byarrow 1090 and is shown bent around the articulation joint 1010. InFIG. 46 , theblade 1018 and clamparm 1016 are shown in the open position, similar toFIG. 43 . The clamparm control member 1044 is pushed distally, as indicated by 1088 and, again, is bent about the articulation joint 1010. In the embodiments shown inFIGS. 37-46 , and in various embodiments described herein, the ultrasonic blade and clamp arm may take any suitable shape or shapes. For example,FIGS. 47-48 illustrate one embodiment of anend effector 1014′ having an alternately shapedultrasonic blade 1018′ andclamp arm 1016′. -
FIG. 49 illustrates one embodiment of anotherend effector 1014″ comprising a flexibleultrasonic transducer assembly 1012′. Theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012′ comprises adistal transducer portion 1103 and aproximal transducer portion 1104 coupled by a bendableintermediate portion 1106. Theproximal transducer portion 1104 may be coupled to aproximal transducer bracket 1108. For example, thetransducer portion 1104 may be coupled to thebracket 1108 utilizingvarious disks 1070 that may be positioned at nodes of the transducer. Thebracket 1108 may be pivotably coupled to thelinkage member 1074 atpivot point 1080. Thedistal transducer portion 1103 may be coupled to adistal bracket 1110, again, for example, utilizingdisks 1070 at transducer nodes. Thedistal bracket 1110 may be pivotably coupled to theclamp arm 1016 and theclevis arm 1086 at thepivot point 1072. In various embodiments, the bendableintermediate portion 1106 may have a transverse area that is smaller than that of thedistal transducer portion 1103 andproximal transducer portion 1104. Also, in some embodiments, theintermediate portion 1106 may be made of a different material than the distal andproximal transducer portions proximal transducer portions elements 112 described herein above). The bendableintermediate portion 1106 may be made from any suitable flexible material that conducts ultrasonic energy including, for example, titanium, a titanium alloy, nitanol, etc. It will be appreciated that theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012′ is illustrated inFIG. 49 without any outer housing so as to more clearly illustrate the embodiment. In use, theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be utilized with a housing such as thehousing 1064 described herein above with respect toFIG. 41 . - In use, the bendable
intermediate transducer portion 1106 may serve a function similar to that of thepivot point 1077. For example, when the clamparm control member 1044 is pushed distally, the bendableintermediate transducer portion 1106 may bend, pushing theblade 1018 and clamparm 1016 into an open position, shown inFIG. 49 . When the clamparm control member 1044 is pulled proximally, the bendableintermediate transducer portion 1106 may be more straightened, pulling theblade 1018 and clamparm 1016 into a closed position. - In some example embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned in the shaft such that a proximal end of the transducer assembly extends proximally from the articulation joint. This may serve to minimize a distance between the articulation and a distal tip of the ultrasonic blade.
FIG. 50 shows one embodiment of a manualsurgical instrument 1200 having atransducer assembly 1012 extending proximally from the articulation joint 1010. It can be seen that adistance 1204 between a distal-most point of theultrasonic blade 1018 and the articulation joint 1010 is less than it would be if all of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 were distal of the articulation joint. Although theinstrument 1200 shown inFIG. 50 is a manual instrument, it will be appreciated that theshaft 1004 andend effector 1014 in the configuration illustrated inFIG. 50 may also be used with a robotic surgical system, such as thesystem 500 described herein. -
FIG. 51 illustrates a close up of thetransducer assembly 1012,distal shaft portion 1007, articulation joint 1010 andend effector 1014 arranged as illustrated inFIG. 50 .FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of the articulation joint 1010 with thedistal shaft portion 1007 andproximal shaft portion 1009 removed to show one example embodiment for articulating theshaft 1004 and actuating thehaw member 1016. InFIG. 52 ,articulation control members pulley 1206. The pulley, in turn, may be coupled to thedistal shaft portion 1007, for example, at the articulation joint 1010 such that rotation of thepulley 1206 causes corresponding pivoting of thedistal shaft portion 1007 andend effector 1014. Proximal translation of thecontrol member 1212 may rotate thepulley 1206 clockwise (in the configuration shown inFIG. 52 ), thereby articulating theend effector 1014 towards thecontrol member 1212, as shown inFIG. 52 . Similarly, proximal translation of thecontrol member 1210 may rotate thepulley 1206 counter clockwise (in the configuration shown inFIG. 52 ), thereby articulating theend effector 1014 towards thecontrol member 1210, the opposite of what is shown inFIG. 52 . - Clamp
arm control member 1044 may extend through achannel 1208 in thepulley 1206. As illustrated, theclamp arm 1016 is configured to be pivotably coupled to adistal plate 1215 at apivot point 1214. The clamparm control member 1044 is coupled to theclamp arm 1016 at apoint 1216 offset from thepivot point 1214, such that distal and proximal translation of the clamparm control member 1044 opens and closes theclamp arm 1016. Theplate 1215, for example, may be coupled to the distal shaft portion 1007 (not shown inFIG. 52 ), thetransducer assembly 1012 or any other suitable component. In some embodiments, theclamp arm 1016 is pivotably coupled directly to thedistal shaft portion 1007 and/or thetransducer assembly 1012. - The
articulation control members distal shaft portion 1007 andend effector 1014. Differential articulation of thecontrol members control members articulation lever 1052 andspindle gear 1058 as illustrated inFIG. 40A . Also, in robotic surgical instruments, thecontrol members FIGS. 22-36C . The clamparm control member 1044 may be driven in various ways including, for example, all of the additional ways described herein. - In some embodiments, a surgical instrument has an end effector that is rotatable independent of the shaft. For example, the shaft itself may rotate and articulate at an articulation joint. Additionally, the end effector may rotate independent of the shaft including, for example, while the shaft is articulated. This may effectively increase the spatial range of the end effector.
FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of a manualsurgical instrument 1300 comprising ashaft 1303 having an articulatable,rotatable end effector 1312. Although theshaft 1303 is illustrated for use with a manual surgical instrument comprising ahandle 1302, it will be appreciated that a similar shaft may be utilized with a robotic surgical system, such as those described herein. - The
shaft 1303 comprises an articulation joint 1010 that may be articulated utilizingarticulation lever 1052, for example, as indicated byarrow 1306. Arotation knob 1314 may rotate theshaft 1303, for example, as therotation knob 48 rotates theshaft assembly 14 described herein above. Endeffector rotation dial 1304 may rotate the end effector, for example, as indicated byarrow 1310.FIG. 54 illustrates a cut-away view of one embodiment of theinstrument 1300 andshaft 1303.FIG. 54 illustrates one embodiment of thearticulation lever 1052 coupled to controlmembers FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40A. Acentral shaft member 1316 may extend through theshaft 1303 and be coupled at a distal end to the end effector 1312 (e.g., theultrasonic blade 1018 and clamp arm 1016). A proximal end of thecentral shaft member 1316 may be coupled to the endeffector rotation dial 1304 such that rotation of the dial causes rotation of thecentral shaft member 1316 and corresponding rotation of theend effector 1312. - The
central shaft member 1316 may be made of any suitable material according to any suitable construction. For example, in some embodiments, thecentral shaft member 1316 may be solid (or hollow for enclosing wires and other components). Thecentral shaft member 1316 may be made from a flexible material, such as a surgical grade rubber, a flexible metal such as titanium, nitinol, etc. In this way, thecentral shaft member 1316 may bend when theshaft 1303 is articulated at the articulation joint 1010. Rotation of thecentral shaft member 1316 may still be translated to theend effector 1312 across the articulation joint 1010. - In some embodiments, the
central shaft member 1316, in addition to rotating theend effector 1312, may also actuate theclamp arm 1016. For example, thecentral shaft member 1316 may actuate theclamp arm 1016 by translating distally and proximally, for example, in response to actuation of thetrigger 1022.FIG. 52 , described above, illustrates one embodiment of aclamp arm 1016 that may be opened and closed with distal and proximal motion. An additional embodiment is described below with respect toFIG. 59 . - In embodiments where the
central shaft member 1316 actuates theclamp arm 1016, it may be desirable to avoid translating distal and/or proximal motion of thecentral shaft member 1316 to thedial 1304.FIG. 55 illustrates one embodiment of theinstrument 1300 showing a keyed connection between the endeffector rotation dial 1304 and thecentral shaft member 1316. A proximal portion of thecentral shaft member 1316 may be coupled to acollar 1324 defining aslot 1326. Thedial 1304 may be coupled toshaft 1320 positioned within thecollar 1324. Theshaft 1320 defines a key orspline 1322 positioned to fit within theslot 1326. In this way, rotation of thedial 1304 may cause corresponding rotation of thecentral shaft member 1316, but distal and proximal translation of thecentral shaft member 1316 may not be communicated to thedial 1304.FIG. 55 also illustrates one example method of passing an electrical drive signal to thetransducer assembly 1012. For example, adrive cable 1318 may be coupled to aslip ring 1324. Theslip ring 1324, in turn, may be coupled to a distal drive cable 1330 (FIG. 56 ) that may extend through theshaft 1303, for example, through thecentral shaft member 1316.FIG. 56 illustrates one embodiment of theshaft 1303 focusing on the articulation joint 1010. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 56 , it may not be necessary for the entirety of thecentral shaft member 1316 to be bendable. Instead, as illustrated inFIG. 56 , thecentral shaft member 1316 comprises abendable section 1332 aligned with the articulation joint 1010 of theshaft 1303. - The
bendable section 1332 may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, thebendable section 1332 may be constructed from a flexible material such as, for example, surgical grader rubber or a bendable metal such as, for example, titanium, nitinol, etc. Also, in some embodiments, thebendable section 1332 may be made of hinged mechanical components. For example,FIG. 57 illustrates one embodiment of thecentral shaft member 1316 made of hinged mechanical components. As illustrated inFIG. 57 , thecentral shaft member 1316 comprises adistal member 1340 pivotably coupled to acentral member 1342. The distal (1340) and central (1342) members may pivot relative to one another in the direction indicated byarrow 1346. Thecentral member 1342 may also be pivotably coupled to aproximal member 1344. The central (1342) and proximal (1344) members may pivot relative to one another in the direction indicated byarrow 1348. For example, the pivoting direction ofmembers members central shaft member 1316 may provide rotating torque to theend effector 1312 while pivoting with the articulation joint 1010 atbendable section 1332. - Referring back to
FIG. 56 , the articulation joint 1010 is illustrated as a continuous,flexible portion 1350 of theshaft 1303. Various other configurations may be used. For example,FIG. 58 illustrates one embodiment of theshaft 1303 comprising adistal shaft portion 1356 and aproximal shaft portion 1358. Therespective shaft portions intermediate shaft portion 1360, atpivot points FIG. 58 , may be articulated as described herein above, for example, with respect toFIGS. 39 , 40 and 40A. -
FIG. 59 illustrates one embodiment of theshaft 1303 andend effector 1312 illustrating a coupling between thecentral shaft member 1316 and theclamp arm 1016. InFIG. 59 , thecentral shaft member 1316 is illustrated as a solid (or hollow) member that is bendable and/or has a bendable portion at articulation joint 1010. InFIG. 59 , portions of the distal (1356) and proximal (1358) shaft portions are omitted to show the operation of thecentral shaft member 1316. For example, thecentral shaft member 1316 may extend around theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 andtransducer 1040 and be pivotably coupled to theclamp arm 1016 atpivot point 1366. Theclam arm 1016 may also be pivotably coupled to thedistal shaft portion 1356 atpivot point 1364. Pivot points 1364, 1366 may be offset from one another relative to thelongitudinal axis 1002. When thecentral shaft portion 1316 is pushed distally, it may push theclamp arm 1016 distally atpivot point 1366. Aspivot point 1364 may remain stationary, theclamp arm 1364 may pivot to an open position. Pulling thecentral shaft portion 1316 proximally may pull theclamp arm 1016 back to the closed position shown inFIG. 59 . As illustrated, when thecentral shaft portion 1316 is translated distally and proximally, thetransducer assembly 1012 andblade 1018 may also be translated distally and proximally. - Although the
instrument 1300 is described herein as a manual instrument, it will be appreciated that theshaft 1303 in the various described embodiments may be utilized in a robotic surgical instrument as well. For example, differential translation of thecontrol members shaft 1303 and rotation of thecentral shaft member 1316 may be brought about as described herein above with respect toFIGS. 22-36C . Similarly, theshaft 1303 may be utilized in a manual instrument where articulation and rotation of theend effector 1312 is motorized.FIGS. 60-61 illustrate a control mechanism for asurgical instrument 1300′ in which articulation and rotation of theend effector 1312 are motorized. Theinstrument 1300′ comprises ahandle 1302′ that may comprise electric motors and mechanisms, for example, similar to the motors and mechanisms described herein with respect toFIGS. 22-36C . Anarticulation knob 1370 may be moved in the directions of arrow 1375 to articulate theend effector 1312 about articulation joint 1010 and/or may be rotated in the directions indicated byarrow 1372 to rotate the end effector 1312 (e.g., by rotating the central shaft member 1316). -
FIGS. 62-63 illustrate one embodiment of ashaft 1400 that may be utilized with various surgical instruments described herein. Theshaft 1400 may comprise a two-direction articulation joint 1402 that may be articulated in multiple directions, as indicated byarrows shaft 1400 may comprise aproximal shaft member 1404 pivotably coupled to ajoint member 1408 such that theproximal shaft member 1404 is pivotable relative to thejoint member 1408 in the direction ofarrow 1412. Thejoint member 1408 may also be pivotably coupled to adistal shaft member 1406 such that thedistal shaft member 1406 is pivotable relative to thejoint member 1408 in the direction ofarrow 1410. The pivotably couplings between therespective members - Referring now to
FIG. 63 , the articulation joint 1402 may be actuated by a series of control members.Control members joint member 1408 and may extend proximally through theproximal shaft member 1404. Differential translation of thecontrol members end effector 1411 to pivot away from thelongitudinal axis 1002 in the directions of thearrow 1412. For example, proximal translation of the control member 1412 (e.g., accompanied by distal translation of the control member 1414) may pull theend effector 1411,distal shaft member 1406 andjoint member 1408 away from thelongitudinal axis 1002 and towards thecontrol member 1412. Similarly, proximal translation of the control member 1414 (e.g., accompanied by distal translation of the control member 1412) may pull theend effector 1411,distal shaft member 1406 andjoint member 1408 away from thelongitudinal axis 1002 and towards thecontrol member 1414. -
Additional control members distal shaft member 1406. Differential translation of thecontrol members 1416 may cause thedistal shaft member 1406 andend effector 1411 to pivot in the directions of thearrow 1410. For example, proximal translation of the control member 1416 (e.g., accompanied by distal translation of the control member 1418) may pull theend effector 1411 anddistal shaft member 1406 away from thelongitudinal axis 1002 and towards thecontrol member 1416. Similarly, proximal translation of the control member 1418 (e.g., accompanied by distal translation of the control member 1416) may pull theend effector 1411 anddistal shaft member 1406 away from thelongitudinal axis 1002 and towards thecontrol member 1418. Drive signal wires for driving theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may pass through theproximal shaft member 1404,joint member 1408 anddistal shaft member 1406. - Differential translation of the
respective control members control members FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40A. In a robotic instrument, any method or mechanism may be used including, for example, those described above with respect toFIGS. 22-36C . -
FIG. 64 illustrates one embodiment of ashaft 1600 that may be articulated utilizing a cable and pulley mechanism. Theshaft 1600 may be utilized with any of the various surgical instruments described herein. Theshaft 1600 comprises aproximal shaft member 1602 and adistal shaft member 1614 coupled at an articulation joint 1615. Anend effector 1617 may be coupled to a distal portion of thedistal shaft member 1614. Theend effector 1615, as illustrated inFIG. 64 may comprise anultrasonic blade 1018,ultrasonic transducer assembly 1012,clamp arm 1016 andlinkage members effector 1014 shown atFIGS. 42-46 . For example, theend effector 1617 may be pivotably coupled to thedistal shaft member 1614 at clevisarms 1615. Clamparm control member 1624 may be coupled to thelinkage members clamp arm member 1016, as described above. Theshaft 1600 may be rotated, as indicated byarrow 1604. In contrast to theend effector 1014, theend effector 1617 may only comprise asingle linkage member 1608 and asingle linkage member 1610, as illustrated. It will be appreciated that theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 is illustrated inFIG. 64 without any outer housing so as to more clearly illustrate the embodiment. In use, theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be utilized with a housing such as thehousing 1064 described herein above with respect toFIG. 41 . -
FIG. 65 illustrates one embodiment of theshaft 1600 showing additional details of how the distal shaft portion 1614 (andend effector 1617 not shown inFIG. 65 ) may be articulated. For example,control members proximal shaft member 1602 and around apulley 1618 coupled to thedistal shaft member 1614. For example, rotation of thepulley 1618 about the axis 1615 (FIG. 64 ) may cause pivoting of thedistal shaft portion 1614. Thepulley 1618 may be rotated by differential translation of thecontrol members distal shaft portion 1614 andend effector 1617 in the direction of thearrow 1606.FIG. 64 shows analternate position 1601 of theend effector 1617 anddistal shaft member 1615 articulated in a first direction relative to thelongitudinal axis 1002. It will be appreciated, however, that theend effector 1617 anddistal shaft member 1615 may be articulated in multiple directions about articulation axis 1619 (FIG. 64 ). - The
control members arm control member 1624 may be actuated in any suitable manner. For example, thecontrol members end effector 1617 anddistal shaft member 1615. In use with a manual instrument, thecontrol members FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40A. In use with a robotic instrument, thecontrol members FIGS. 22-36C . In a manual instrument, the clamparm control member 1624 may be mechanically coupled to an instrument trigger, such as tubular actuatingmember 58 is coupled to trigger 22 described above. In a robotic instrument, the clamparm control member 1624 may be actuated, for example, utilizing any of the mechanisms described above with respect toFIGS. 22-36C . -
FIG. 66 illustrates one embodiment of anend effector 1700 that may be utilized with any of the various instruments and/or shafts described herein. Theend effector 1700 may facilitate separate actuation of theclamp arm 1016 andultrasonic blade 1018. Theend effector 1700 may operate similar to the four-barlinkage end effector 1014 described herein above. Instead of thelinkage members FIG. 42 ), each of thelinkage members distinct control members linkage member 1705 may be coupled to a clamparm control member 1702 whilelinkage member 1707 may be coupled to ablade control member 1704. Proximal ends of thelinkage member slots linkage members respective pegs slots linkage members linkage members linkage members - Distal and proximal translation of the clamp
arm control member 1702 may cause theclamp arm 1016 to pivot about thepivot point 1072. For example, proximal translation of the clamparm control member 1702 may pull thelinkage member 1705 andproximal portion 1078 of theclamp arm 1016 proximally, tending to pivot theclamp arm 1016 about thepivot point 1072 in the direction indicated byarrow 1716. Distal translation of the clamparm control member 1702 may push thelinkage member 1705 andproximal portion 1078 of theclamp arm member 1078 distally (shown at 1724) tending to pivot theclamp arm 1016 about thepivot point 1072 in the direction indicated byarrow 1718. Similarly, distal and proximal translation of theblade control member 1704 ma cause theblade 1018 to pivot about thepivot point 1072. Proximal translation of theblade control member 1704 may pull thelinkage member 1076 andtransducer assembly 1012 proximally, causing theblade 1018 to pivot about thepivot point 1072 in the direction indicated byarrow 1720. Distal translation of theblade control member 1704 may push thelinkage member 1076 andtransducer assembly 1012 distally (shown at 1726) tending to pivot theblade 1018 about thepivot point 1072 in the direction indicated byarrow 1722. - By manipulating the
various control members blade 1018 and clamparm 1016 of theend effector 1700 may be opened and closed, and also pivoted together about thepivot point 1072, for example, to provide an additional degree of articulation to theend effector 1700. For example, although theblade 1018 and clamparm 1016 are shown inFIG. 66 to be closed along thelongitudinal axis 1002, it will be appreciated that thecomponents longitudinal axis 1002 as well. -
FIG. 67 illustrates one embodiment of theshaft 1600 coupled to an alternate pulley-drivenend effector 1800.FIG. 68 illustrates one embodiment of theend effector 1800. Theend effector 1800 may compriselinkage members respective pulleys linkage members pulleys center 1817 of thepulleys pulleys linkage members pulleys example pulley 1816 may be rotated by differentially translatingcontrol members pulley 1814 may be rotated by differentially translatingcontrol members pulley 1814 is rotated,linkage member 1810 may be translated distally and proximally, causing pivoting of theclamp arm 1016 aboutpivot point 1072 in the directions indicated byarrows pulley 1816 is rotated,linkage member 1812 may be translated distally and proximally, causing pivoting of theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 andblade 1018 about thepivot point 1072 in the direction ofarrows FIGS. 39 , 40 and 40A. In robotic instruments, the control member pairs may be differentially translated as described above with respect toFIGS. 22-36C . It will be appreciated that theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 is illustrated inFIGS. 67-68 without any outer housing so as to more clearly illustrate the embodiment. In use, theultrasonic transducer assembly 1012 may be utilized with a housing such as thehousing 1064 described herein above with respect toFIG. 41 . - Various embodiments are direct to a surgical instrument comprising and end effector, an articulating shaft and an ultrasonic transducer assembly. The end effector may comprise an ultrasonic blade. The articulating shaft may extend proximally from the end effector along a longitudinal axis and may comprise a proximal shaft member and a distal shaft member pivotably coupled at an articulation joint. The ultrasonic transducer assembly may comprise an ultrasonic transducer acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned distally from the articulation joint. In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer assembly may be positioned such that a portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly is proximal from the articulation joint and another portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly is distal from the articulation joint.
- In some embodiments, the instrument comprises first and second control members extending through the shaft such that proximal translation of the first control member causes the distal shaft member and end effector to pivot towards the first control member. Also, in some embodiments, the distal shaft portion may define a pulley at about the articulation joint such that rotation of the pulley causes articulation of the distal shaft portion. First and second control members may be positioned around the pulley such that differential translation of the first and second control members causes rotation of the pulley and articulation of the distal shaft member.
- Also, some embodiments comprise a clamp arm pivotable about a clamp arm pivot point from an open position to a closed position substantially parallel to the ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm pivot point may be offset from the longitudinal axis. A clamp arm control member may be coupled to the clamp arm at a position offset from the longitudinal axis such that distal translation of the clamp arm control member pivots the clamp arm to the open position and proximal translation of the clamp arm control member pivots the clamp arm to the closed position.
- In some embodiments, the clamp arm defines a clamp portion extending distally from the clamp arm pivot point and a proximal portion extending proximally from the clamp arm pivot point. A first linkage member may define a proximal end pivotably coupled to the clamp arm control member and a distal end pivotably coupled to a proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly. A second linkage member may define a proximal end pivotably coupled to the clamp arm control member and a distal end pivotably coupled to the proximal portion of the clamp arm. In some embodiments, the first linkage member may be coupled to a blade control member and the second linkage member may be coupled to a clamp arm control member. Also, in some embodiments, the first and second linkage members are coupled to respective pulleys separately rotatable by respective control members. Also, in some embodiments, the first and second linkage members may be coupled to respective first and second pulleys, where each pulley is separately rotatable to pivot the clamp arm and blade.
- In some embodiments, a proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly and a distal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly are separated by a bendable, acoustically transmissive section having a transverse area less than a longitudinal diameter of the distal and proximal portions of the ultrasonic transducer assembly. The first linkage member may be connected as described above. The proximal portion of the ultrasonic transducer assembly may also be coupled to the clamp arm control member.
- Applicant also owns the following patent applications that are each incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,271, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Flexible Drive Member,” (Attorney Docket No. END7131USNP/120135);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,288, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Multi-Functional Powered Surgical Device with External Dissection Features,” (Attorney Docket No. END7132USNP/120136);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,295, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Rotary Actuatable Closure Arrangement for Surgical End Effector,” (Attorney Docket No. END7134USNP/120138);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,326, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Surgical End Effectors Having Angled Tissue-Contacting Surfaces,” (Attorney Docket No. END7135USNP/120139);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,303, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Interchangeable End Effector Coupling Arrangement,” (Attorney Docket No. END7136USNP/120140);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,393, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Surgical End Effector Jaw and Electrode Configurations,” (Attorney Docket No. END7137USNP/120141);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,362, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Multi-Axis Articulating and Rotating Surgical Tools,” (Attorney Docket No. END7138USNP/120142); and
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,417, filed on Jun. 28, 2012 and entitled “Electrode Connections for Rotary Driven Surgical Tools,” (Attorney Docket No. END7149USNP/120153).
- In some embodiments, the shaft further comprises a joint member positioned at about the articulation. The joint member may be pivotably coupled to the distal shaft member such that the distal shaft member is pivotable relative to the joint member about a first pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and pivotably coupled to the proximal shaft member such that the joint member is pivotable relative to the proximal shaft member about a second pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and substantially perpendicular to the first pivot axis.
- It will be appreciated that the terms “proximal” and “distal” are used throughout the specification with reference to a clinician manipulating one end of an instrument used to treat a patient. The term “proximal” refers to the portion of the instrument closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located furthest from the clinician. It will further be appreciated that for conciseness and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical,” “horizontal,” “up,” or “down” may be used herein with respect to the illustrated embodiments. However, surgical instruments may be used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting or absolute.
- Various embodiments of surgical instruments and robotic surgical systems are described herein. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments described herein may be used with the described surgical instruments and robotic surgical systems. The descriptions are provided for example only, and those skilled in the art will understand that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to only the devices disclosed herein, but may be used with any compatible surgical instrument or robotic surgical system.
- Reference throughout the specification to “various embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “one example embodiment,” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one example embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in various embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” “in one example embodiment,” or “in an embodiment” in places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics illustrated or described in connection with one example embodiment may be combined, in whole or in part, with features, structures, or characteristics of one or more other embodiments without limitation.
- While various embodiments herein have been illustrated by description of several embodiments and while the illustrative embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications may readily appear to those skilled in the art. For example, each of the disclosed embodiments may be employed in endoscopic procedures, laparoscopic procedures, as well as open procedures, without limitations to its intended use.
- It is to be understood that at least some of the figures and descriptions herein have been simplified to illustrate elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the disclosure, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, however, that these and other elements may be desirable. However, because such elements are well known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure, a discussion of such elements is not provided herein.
- While several embodiments have been described, it should be apparent, however, that various modifications, alterations and adaptations to those embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art with the attainment of some or all of the advantages of the disclosure. For example, according to various embodiments, a single component may be replaced by multiple components, and multiple components may be replaced by a single component, to perform a given function or functions. This application is therefore intended to cover all such modifications, alterations and adaptations without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
- Any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated materials does not conflict with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in this disclosure. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.
Claims (20)
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US13/538,601 US20140005702A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2012-06-29 | Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers |
JP2015520265A JP2015528717A (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | Ultrasonic surgical instrument with a distally located transducer |
CN201380043060.5A CN104540461B (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | Ultrasonic surgical instrument with the transducer for being positioned at distal side |
PCT/US2013/045802 WO2014004112A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers |
EP13739306.2A EP2866696B1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers |
AU2013280943A AU2013280943A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers |
BR112014032928-1A BR112014032928B1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | surgical instrument |
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CA2877686A CA2877686A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-14 | Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers |
US15/595,729 US10779845B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2017-05-15 | Ultrasonic surgical instruments with distally positioned transducers |
JP2017193344A JP6672236B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2017-10-03 | Ultrasound surgical instrument with distally positioned transducer |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2866696B1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
CN104540461B (en) | 2018-03-27 |
US20170245875A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
AU2013280943A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
CN104540461A (en) | 2015-04-22 |
CA2877686A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
BR112014032928A2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
US10779845B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
JP2015528717A (en) | 2015-10-01 |
JP2018020171A (en) | 2018-02-08 |
BR112014032928B1 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
IN2015DN00378A (en) | 2015-06-12 |
JP6672236B2 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
WO2014004112A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
EP2866696A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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