US20140018876A1 - Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker - Google Patents

Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20140018876A1
US20140018876A1 US14/034,301 US201314034301A US2014018876A1 US 20140018876 A1 US20140018876 A1 US 20140018876A1 US 201314034301 A US201314034301 A US 201314034301A US 2014018876 A1 US2014018876 A1 US 2014018876A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
housing
temperature sensor
temperature
thermistor
cardiac pacemaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/034,301
Inventor
Alan Ostroff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanostim Inc
Original Assignee
Nanostim Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanostim Inc filed Critical Nanostim Inc
Priority to US14/034,301 priority Critical patent/US20140018876A1/en
Assigned to NANOSTIM, INC. reassignment NANOSTIM, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OSTROFF, ALAN
Publication of US20140018876A1 publication Critical patent/US20140018876A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
    • A61N1/36514Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure
    • A61N1/3655Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure controlled by body or blood temperature
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/686Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
    • A61N1/36514Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/37205Microstimulators, e.g. implantable through a cannula
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
    • A61N1/3756Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to leadless cardiac pacemakers. More specifically, this disclosure describes the use of temperature sensors in leadless cardiac pacemakers.
  • Cardiac pacing by an artificial pacemaker provides an electrical stimulation of the heart when the heart's own natural pacemaker and/or conduction system fails to provide synchronized atrial and ventricular contractions at rates and intervals sufficient for a patient's health.
  • Such antibradycardial pacing provides relief from symptoms and even life support for hundreds of thousands of patients.
  • the rate of stimulation provided by a pacemaker may need to be adjusted to match the level of the patient's physical activity.
  • Prior rate responsive pacemakers have relied on, among other parameters, central venous temperature to indicate the need to adjust stimulation rates up or down.
  • Prior devices often used temperature sensors connected to the pacemaker body by a lead extending from the pacemaker body's location outside of the heart to a temperature sensor located within the patient's heart. Two examples of prior rate-responsive pacemakers may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,411,535 and US Patent Publication No. 2007/0088400.
  • a leadless cardiac pacemaker comprising a hermetic housing adapted and configured to be disposed in a chamber of a human heart, a battery disposed in the housing, at least two electrodes supported by the housing, a temperature sensor supported by the housing, and a controller disposed in the housing and adapted to sense intracardiac information using the two electrodes and deliver stimulation energy from the battery to the electrodes using temperature information from the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor comprises a thermistor.
  • the thermistor is bonded to an interior surface of the housing. In some embodiments, the thermistor is mounted on a header assembly of the housing.
  • the controller comprises an ASIC and the temperature sensor comprises a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into the ASIC.
  • the leadless cardiac pacemaker further comprises a bonded thermal path between the temperature sensor and the housing.
  • the bonded thermal path is a thermal pad.
  • the temperature sensor is disposed within the housing. In other embodiments, the temperature sensor is not directly attached to the housing. In yet another embodiment, the temperature sensor is disposed outside of the can.
  • a method for providing electrical pacing signals to a patient's heart comprising sensing intracardiac information via two electrodes in contact with tissue within a chamber of the heart and supported by a hermetic housing disposed within the chamber, providing electrical stimulation signals to the heart at a stimulation rate using the electrodes, sensing temperature with a temperature sensor supported by the housing, and adjusting the stimulation rate of electrical stimulation signals using a controller disposed within the housing based on the temperature.
  • the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor. In other embodiments, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor bonded to an interior surface of the housing. In additional embodiments, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor mounted on a header assembly of the housing. In yet another embodiment, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into an ASIC containing the controller. In another embodiment, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a temperature sensor disposed within the housing. In one embodiment, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a temperature sensor disposed outside the housing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a leadless cardiac pacemaker including a temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a temperature sensor disposed within a hermetic housing of a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a semiconductor temperature sensor integrated into an ASIC in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a semiconductor temperature sensor integrated into an ASIC in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate one embodiment of a leadless cardiac pacemaker with a thermistors temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 6 is one embodiment of a thermal circuit for use in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a thermal model based on the thermal circuit of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a thermal model based on one embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B .
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a thermal model based on another embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B .
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a thermal model based on yet another embodiment the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B .
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a thermal model based on one embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B .
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a thermal model based on another embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B .
  • FIG. 13 is another embodiment of a thermal circuit for use in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a thermal model based on the thermal circuit of FIG. 13 .
  • This disclosure relates to a rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker or other leadless biostimulator.
  • the leadless biostimulator can be implanted within a chamber of the patient's heart. Instead of measuring central venous temperature using a temperature sensor on a lead extending from the biostimulator housing, embodiments of the rate responsive leadless biostimulator of this disclosure can employ a temperature sensor supported by the biostimulator housing. The leadless biostimulator of this disclosure can use the measured temperature to adjust the rate of its electrical stimulation signals using a controller disposed within the housing.
  • a leadless biostimulator may include a hermetic housing disposed in a chamber of a human heart, a battery disposed in the housing, at least two electrodes supported by the housing, a temperature sensor supported by the housing and a controller disposed in the housing.
  • the controller can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the two electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to the electrode using temperature information from the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor may be supported by the leadless biostimulator housing in any manner consistent with the thermal time constant requirements of the system.
  • the temperature sensor may be a thermistor or a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into the controller.
  • the leadless biostimulator may be able to sense and respond to changes in central venous temperatures within a clinically significant period of time, such as less than 30 seconds. Since the leadless biostimulator will be disposed in contact with the patient's blood within the patient's heart, the biostimulator design can provide a heat conduction path from the blood to the temperature sensing element whose time constant is sufficiently small to allow the sensor to reach its final value within the chosen clinically significant time. Thus, for example, if the desired clinically significant time is 30 seconds, the thermal time constant of the temperature sensing components might be chosen to be 10 seconds.
  • FIG. 1 shows a leadless cardiac pacemaker or leadless biostimulator 1 .
  • Biostimulator 1 can include a housing 6 having a header section 2 made from an electrically insulating material and extending from a hermetic can 3 and 4 made from, e.g., titanium.
  • Can section 3 can be electrically insulated, and can section 4 may not insulated so that it can serve as an electrode.
  • An electronics compartment within the cans 3 and 4 can contain the electronic components necessary for operation of the biostimulator, including a battery and a controller.
  • a helical fixation device 5 can extend through a passage in can 3 into and through header 2 as shown.
  • the fixation device 5 can comprise an electrode, and in other embodiments a distal electrode can be separate from the helical fixation device.
  • a distal electrode can be separate from the helical fixation device.
  • a thermistor 7 can disposed in header 2 .
  • the thermistors can include at least two thermistors leads for electrically connecting the thermistors 7 to the controller of the leadless biostimulator.
  • at least one of the thermistor leads can extend through a feedthrough in can section 3 to a controller within the can.
  • the other thermistor lead may be electrically connected to the can, or can alternatively pass through a feedthrough into the interior of the can.
  • thermistor 7 can be in contact with an interior surface of header 2 and thus can be in thermal contact with blood surrounding the biostimulator through header 2 .
  • the controller inside housing 6 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using electrodes 4 and 5 and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to electrodes on the leadless biostimulator using temperature information from the thermistor 7 .
  • the rate of stimulation provided by a pacemaker may need to be adjusted to match the level of the patient's physical activity or temperature.
  • the temperature information can determine the temperature of the patient and adjust the rate of stimulation to account for temperature variations due to fever or exercise.
  • the temperature sensor can be a thermistor 126 disposed within a hermetic can 100 of the housing.
  • thermistor 126 can be bonded so as to be thermally connected to an inside surface of hermetic can 100 , and the thermistors can connect to ASIC controller 120 via leads 128 and substrate 124 .
  • thermistor 126 can be configured to sense the temperature of blood surrounding the biostimulator through housing 100 .
  • Other elements within hermetic can 100 include the ASIC substrate 124 , other electronic components 122 , and a battery (not shown).
  • At least two electrodes can be supported by, and exterior to, the housing as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
  • the ASIC 120 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to one of the electrodes using temperature information from the thermistor 126 .
  • the temperature sensor can be a semiconductor temperature sensor integrated into ASIC 124 .
  • a thermally conductive pad 125 can extend from the temperature sensor in ASIC 124 to an interior surface of housing 100 .
  • the temperature sensor can sense the temperature of blood surrounding the biostimulator through housing 100 with conductive pad 125 .
  • at least two electrodes can be supported by, and exterior to, the housing.
  • the ASIC 120 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to one of the electrodes using temperature information from the integrated temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 4 The embodiment of FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIG. 3 , but omits the thermally conductive pad.
  • the temperature sensor integrated into ASIC 120 senses the temperature of blood surrounding the biostimulator via the thermal resistance between the ASIC 120 and the can 100 .
  • the ASIC 120 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to one of the electrodes using temperature information from the integrated temperature sensor.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show a first prototype assembly having a housing 200 made from a tube capped off at ends 202 and 204 with silicone.
  • the tube can be an 8 mm stainless steel tube, for example.
  • a thermistor 206 was encapsulated with cyanoacrylate to bond it to the inside of housing 200 within the silicone at end 204 . Silicone grease was applied between the thermistor and the housing wall contact point. Wires 208 extending from thermistor 206 were insulated.
  • the cavity 210 within housing 200 was filled with water. Housing 200 had a 7 mm diameter and 25.5 mm length.
  • the silicone at end 204 extended 6.5 mm into housing 200 .
  • Two beakers were filled with 500 ml of distilled water and immersed a thermistor in each beaker to monitor temperature.
  • the second beaker was then placed on a hot plate/stirrer and the temperature was adjusted approximately 10° C. higher than the first beaker.
  • the stirrer ran to agitate the solution.
  • the prototype assembly was immersed in the first beaker for at least 5 minutes and transferred the prototype assembly to the second beaker in less than 1 second.
  • the temperature was recorded from all three sensors (one on each beaker and one on the prototype assembly) for a sample rate greater or equal to 1 second/sample for at least 1 minute after transferring the prototype assembly to the second beaker. It was verified that the temperature in the second beaker does not change by more than 5% during the course of the procedure.
  • the measured temperatures were compared with a thermal model based on the thermal circuit shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the results are shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the model time constants are derived by minimizing the RMS error in Tm(t) ⁇ Tt(t) over all time. For each experiment the derived time constants are given. In this case the thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 4.3 seconds.
  • Tc start temperature
  • Tm(t) thermistor temperature, measured
  • Tt(t) thermistor temperature, simulated
  • Te(t) adhesive+silicone temperature, simulated
  • ⁇ bt bath-to-thermistor time constant
  • ⁇ be bath-to-adhesive+silicone time constant
  • ⁇ te thermistor-to-adhesive+silicone time constant.
  • Example 1 A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but filled with air instead of water. The results are shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 4.0 seconds and therefore the thermal mass of the battery is not expected to greatly change these results.
  • Example 1 A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with an air gap between the silicone plug and the adhesive/thermistor, and using only a very small amount of cyanoacrylate adhesive to bond the thermistor to the can. The results are shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 3.4 seconds.
  • Example 1 A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with the thermistor floating in, not bonded to, the can and with the can filled with air instead of water. The results are shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was also determined to be 5.5 seconds.
  • Example 1 A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with the thermistor floating in the can, with the insulated wires leading from the thermistor contained within a straw to further insulate the wires from the bath temperature, and with the can filled with air instead of water. The results are shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 11.8 seconds.
  • Example 1 A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with the thermistor bonded to a semiconductor chip within the can.
  • the chip dimensions were 4 mm ⁇ 5 mm ⁇ 20 mils.
  • the semiconductor/thermistor assembly was wrapped in one layer of polyimide tape, and the thermistor wires were thermally insulated from the bath using a straw.
  • the can was filled with air, not with water.
  • the model was altered to allow the semiconductor chip (simulating an ASIC) to gain heat from the bath at a first time constant, the thermistor to gain heat from the ASIC at a second time constant, and the thermistor to lose heat to the wires at a third time constant.
  • the thermal model is shown in FIG.
  • the results of this test are shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the bath to ASIC time constant was determined to be 12.9 seconds. This test suggests that the thermal time constant between an integrated AISC thermal sensor with no specific thermal connection between the can and ASIC provides acceptable thermal results within the housing of a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • the temperature sensor may be a thermistor, a semiconductor temperature sensor, or part of an ASIC containing the controller.
  • the sensed temperature is used by the leadless stimulator control circuitry to adjust a rate of electrical stimulation provided by the biostimulator to the patient's heart.
  • the temperature sensor may sense temperate in a range between 36° C. to 42° C.
  • the low end of the temperature range allows for normal body temperature (37° C.), less circadian variations and less a dip in temperature due to exercise.
  • the high end of the temperature range allows for normal body temperature, plus fever, plus the increase in temperature due to exercise.
  • the resolution may be about 0.023° C. This represents better than 1 ⁇ 5 th of the smallest anticipated dip amplitude during exercise (0.15° C.).

Abstract

A leadless cardiac pacemaker comprises a housing, a plurality of electrodes coupled to an outer surface of the housing, and a pulse delivery system hermetically contained within the housing and electrically coupled to the electrode plurality, the pulse delivery system configured for sourcing energy internal to the housing, generating and delivering electrical pulses to the electrode plurality. The pacemaker further comprises a temperature sensor hermetically contained within the housing and adapted to sense temperature information, wherein the pacemaker can control electrical pulse delivery at least partly based on the temperature information.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/272,092, filed Oct. 12, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,543,205, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/392,382, filed Oct. 12, 2010, titled “Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker”, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • This application incorporates herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes the following patent applications, all by Peter M. Jacobson: US Patent Publication Nos. (1) US2007/0088394A1, (2) US2007/0088396A1, (3) US2007/0088397A1, (4) US2007/0088398A1, (5) US2007/0088400A1, (6) US2007/0088405A1, (7) US2007/0088418A1, and International Publication No. WO/2007/047681A2.
  • INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
  • All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
  • FIELD
  • This disclosure generally relates to leadless cardiac pacemakers. More specifically, this disclosure describes the use of temperature sensors in leadless cardiac pacemakers.
  • BACKGROUND
  • Cardiac pacing by an artificial pacemaker provides an electrical stimulation of the heart when the heart's own natural pacemaker and/or conduction system fails to provide synchronized atrial and ventricular contractions at rates and intervals sufficient for a patient's health. Such antibradycardial pacing provides relief from symptoms and even life support for hundreds of thousands of patients.
  • The rate of stimulation provided by a pacemaker may need to be adjusted to match the level of the patient's physical activity. Prior rate responsive pacemakers have relied on, among other parameters, central venous temperature to indicate the need to adjust stimulation rates up or down. Prior devices often used temperature sensors connected to the pacemaker body by a lead extending from the pacemaker body's location outside of the heart to a temperature sensor located within the patient's heart. Two examples of prior rate-responsive pacemakers may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,411,535 and US Patent Publication No. 2007/0088400.
  • SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
  • In one embodiment, a leadless cardiac pacemaker is provided comprising a hermetic housing adapted and configured to be disposed in a chamber of a human heart, a battery disposed in the housing, at least two electrodes supported by the housing, a temperature sensor supported by the housing, and a controller disposed in the housing and adapted to sense intracardiac information using the two electrodes and deliver stimulation energy from the battery to the electrodes using temperature information from the temperature sensor.
  • In some embodiments, the temperature sensor comprises a thermistor. In one embodiment, the thermistor is bonded to an interior surface of the housing. In some embodiments, the thermistor is mounted on a header assembly of the housing.
  • In one embodiment of the pacemaker, the controller comprises an ASIC and the temperature sensor comprises a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into the ASIC.
  • In one embodiment, the leadless cardiac pacemaker further comprises a bonded thermal path between the temperature sensor and the housing. In one embodiment, the bonded thermal path is a thermal pad.
  • In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is disposed within the housing. In other embodiments, the temperature sensor is not directly attached to the housing. In yet another embodiment, the temperature sensor is disposed outside of the can.
  • A method for providing electrical pacing signals to a patient's heart is also provided, comprising sensing intracardiac information via two electrodes in contact with tissue within a chamber of the heart and supported by a hermetic housing disposed within the chamber, providing electrical stimulation signals to the heart at a stimulation rate using the electrodes, sensing temperature with a temperature sensor supported by the housing, and adjusting the stimulation rate of electrical stimulation signals using a controller disposed within the housing based on the temperature.
  • In some embodiments, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor. In other embodiments, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor bonded to an interior surface of the housing. In additional embodiments, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor mounted on a header assembly of the housing. In yet another embodiment, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into an ASIC containing the controller. In another embodiment, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a temperature sensor disposed within the housing. In one embodiment, the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a temperature sensor disposed outside the housing.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the claims that follow. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
  • FIG. 1 shows a leadless cardiac pacemaker including a temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a temperature sensor disposed within a hermetic housing of a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a semiconductor temperature sensor integrated into an ASIC in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a semiconductor temperature sensor integrated into an ASIC in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate one embodiment of a leadless cardiac pacemaker with a thermistors temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 6 is one embodiment of a thermal circuit for use in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a thermal model based on the thermal circuit of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a thermal model based on one embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a thermal model based on another embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a thermal model based on yet another embodiment the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a thermal model based on one embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a thermal model based on another embodiment of the temperature sensor of FIGS. 5A-5B.
  • FIG. 13 is another embodiment of a thermal circuit for use in a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a thermal model based on the thermal circuit of FIG. 13.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • This disclosure relates to a rate responsive leadless cardiac pacemaker or other leadless biostimulator. The leadless biostimulator can be implanted within a chamber of the patient's heart. Instead of measuring central venous temperature using a temperature sensor on a lead extending from the biostimulator housing, embodiments of the rate responsive leadless biostimulator of this disclosure can employ a temperature sensor supported by the biostimulator housing. The leadless biostimulator of this disclosure can use the measured temperature to adjust the rate of its electrical stimulation signals using a controller disposed within the housing.
  • Some embodiments of a leadless biostimulator may include a hermetic housing disposed in a chamber of a human heart, a battery disposed in the housing, at least two electrodes supported by the housing, a temperature sensor supported by the housing and a controller disposed in the housing. The controller can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the two electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to the electrode using temperature information from the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor may be supported by the leadless biostimulator housing in any manner consistent with the thermal time constant requirements of the system. The temperature sensor may be a thermistor or a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into the controller.
  • In order to use central venous temperature as the metabolic parameter for a rate response algorithm, the leadless biostimulator may be able to sense and respond to changes in central venous temperatures within a clinically significant period of time, such as less than 30 seconds. Since the leadless biostimulator will be disposed in contact with the patient's blood within the patient's heart, the biostimulator design can provide a heat conduction path from the blood to the temperature sensing element whose time constant is sufficiently small to allow the sensor to reach its final value within the chosen clinically significant time. Thus, for example, if the desired clinically significant time is 30 seconds, the thermal time constant of the temperature sensing components might be chosen to be 10 seconds.
  • FIG. 1 shows a leadless cardiac pacemaker or leadless biostimulator 1. Biostimulator 1 can include a housing 6 having a header section 2 made from an electrically insulating material and extending from a hermetic can 3 and 4 made from, e.g., titanium. Can section 3 can be electrically insulated, and can section 4 may not insulated so that it can serve as an electrode. An electronics compartment within the cans 3 and 4 can contain the electronic components necessary for operation of the biostimulator, including a battery and a controller. A helical fixation device 5 can extend through a passage in can 3 into and through header 2 as shown. In some embodiments, the fixation device 5 can comprise an electrode, and in other embodiments a distal electrode can be separate from the helical fixation device. Other details of leadless biostimulators may found in the copending applications referenced above and incorporated by reference herein.
  • In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a thermistor 7 can disposed in header 2. The thermistors can include at least two thermistors leads for electrically connecting the thermistors 7 to the controller of the leadless biostimulator. In this embodiment, at least one of the thermistor leads can extend through a feedthrough in can section 3 to a controller within the can. The other thermistor lead may be electrically connected to the can, or can alternatively pass through a feedthrough into the interior of the can. In this embodiment, thermistor 7 can be in contact with an interior surface of header 2 and thus can be in thermal contact with blood surrounding the biostimulator through header 2. The controller inside housing 6 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using electrodes 4 and 5 and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to electrodes on the leadless biostimulator using temperature information from the thermistor 7. In some embodiments, the rate of stimulation provided by a pacemaker may need to be adjusted to match the level of the patient's physical activity or temperature. For example, the temperature information can determine the temperature of the patient and adjust the rate of stimulation to account for temperature variations due to fever or exercise.
  • In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the temperature sensor can be a thermistor 126 disposed within a hermetic can 100 of the housing. As shown in this cross-sectional view, thermistor 126 can be bonded so as to be thermally connected to an inside surface of hermetic can 100, and the thermistors can connect to ASIC controller 120 via leads 128 and substrate 124. Thus, thermistor 126 can be configured to sense the temperature of blood surrounding the biostimulator through housing 100. Other elements within hermetic can 100 include the ASIC substrate 124, other electronic components 122, and a battery (not shown). At least two electrodes can be supported by, and exterior to, the housing as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the ASIC 120 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to one of the electrodes using temperature information from the thermistor 126.
  • In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the temperature sensor can be a semiconductor temperature sensor integrated into ASIC 124. A thermally conductive pad 125 can extend from the temperature sensor in ASIC 124 to an interior surface of housing 100. Thus, the temperature sensor can sense the temperature of blood surrounding the biostimulator through housing 100 with conductive pad 125. As in the embodiment of FIG. 2, at least two electrodes can be supported by, and exterior to, the housing. The ASIC 120 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to one of the electrodes using temperature information from the integrated temperature sensor.
  • The embodiment of FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIG. 3, but omits the thermally conductive pad. Thus, the temperature sensor integrated into ASIC 120 senses the temperature of blood surrounding the biostimulator via the thermal resistance between the ASIC 120 and the can 100. Similarly, in this embodiment, the ASIC 120 can be adapted to sense intracardiac information using the electrodes and to deliver stimulation energy from the battery to one of the electrodes using temperature information from the integrated temperature sensor.
  • EXAMPLE 1
  • Tests were conducted to see how thermal response times compared among some of these embodiments. FIGS. 5A and 5B show a first prototype assembly having a housing 200 made from a tube capped off at ends 202 and 204 with silicone. The tube can be an 8 mm stainless steel tube, for example. A thermistor 206 was encapsulated with cyanoacrylate to bond it to the inside of housing 200 within the silicone at end 204. Silicone grease was applied between the thermistor and the housing wall contact point. Wires 208 extending from thermistor 206 were insulated. The cavity 210 within housing 200 was filled with water. Housing 200 had a 7 mm diameter and 25.5 mm length. The silicone at end 204 extended 6.5 mm into housing 200.
  • Two beakers were filled with 500 ml of distilled water and immersed a thermistor in each beaker to monitor temperature. The second beaker was then placed on a hot plate/stirrer and the temperature was adjusted approximately 10° C. higher than the first beaker. The stirrer ran to agitate the solution. The prototype assembly was immersed in the first beaker for at least 5 minutes and transferred the prototype assembly to the second beaker in less than 1 second. The temperature was recorded from all three sensors (one on each beaker and one on the prototype assembly) for a sample rate greater or equal to 1 second/sample for at least 1 minute after transferring the prototype assembly to the second beaker. It was verified that the temperature in the second beaker does not change by more than 5% during the course of the procedure.
  • The measured temperatures were compared with a thermal model based on the thermal circuit shown in FIG. 6. The results are shown in FIG. 7. The model time constants are derived by minimizing the RMS error in Tm(t)−Tt(t) over all time. For each experiment the derived time constants are given. In this case the thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 4.3 seconds.
  • Let: t=time since immersion in bath; Th=bath temperature; Tc=start temperature; Tm(t)=thermistor temperature, measured; Tt(t)=thermistor temperature, simulated; Te(t)=adhesive+silicone temperature, simulated; τbt=bath-to-thermistor time constant; τbe=bath-to-adhesive+silicone time constant; τte=thermistor-to-adhesive+silicone time constant.
  • Then:
  • Th - Te ( t ) Th - Tc - t τ be Te ( t ) = Th - ( Th - Tc ) · - t τ be Tt ( t 2 ) - Tt ( t 1 ) = [ Th - Tt ( t 1 ) τ bt - Tt ( t 1 ) - Te ( t 1 ) τ te ] · ( t 2 - t 1 )
  • EXAMPLE 2
  • Another test was conducted using a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but using much less cyanoacrylate adhesive to bond the thermistor to the can. The same test protocol was used as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 8. The thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 3.0 seconds.
  • EXAMPLE 3
  • A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but filled with air instead of water. The results are shown in FIG. 9. The thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 4.0 seconds and therefore the thermal mass of the battery is not expected to greatly change these results.
  • EXAMPLE 4
  • A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with an air gap between the silicone plug and the adhesive/thermistor, and using only a very small amount of cyanoacrylate adhesive to bond the thermistor to the can. The results are shown in FIG. 10. The thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 3.4 seconds.
  • EXAMPLE 5
  • A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with the thermistor floating in, not bonded to, the can and with the can filled with air instead of water. The results are shown in FIG. 11. The thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was also determined to be 5.5 seconds.
  • EXAMPLE 6
  • A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with the thermistor floating in the can, with the insulated wires leading from the thermistor contained within a straw to further insulate the wires from the bath temperature, and with the can filled with air instead of water. The results are shown in FIG. 12. The thermal time constant between the bath and thermistor was determined to be 11.8 seconds.
  • EXAMPLE 7
  • A test was conducted using the test protocol of Example 1 with a prototype similar to that of FIGS. 5A-5B but with the thermistor bonded to a semiconductor chip within the can. The chip dimensions were 4 mm×5 mm×20 mils. The semiconductor/thermistor assembly was wrapped in one layer of polyimide tape, and the thermistor wires were thermally insulated from the bath using a straw. The can was filled with air, not with water. In this simulation, the model was altered to allow the semiconductor chip (simulating an ASIC) to gain heat from the bath at a first time constant, the thermistor to gain heat from the ASIC at a second time constant, and the thermistor to lose heat to the wires at a third time constant. The thermal model is shown in FIG. 13. The results of this test are shown in FIG. 14. The bath to ASIC time constant was determined to be 12.9 seconds. This test suggests that the thermal time constant between an integrated AISC thermal sensor with no specific thermal connection between the can and ASIC provides acceptable thermal results within the housing of a leadless cardiac pacemaker.
  • In some embodiments, the temperature sensor may be a thermistor, a semiconductor temperature sensor, or part of an ASIC containing the controller. The sensed temperature is used by the leadless stimulator control circuitry to adjust a rate of electrical stimulation provided by the biostimulator to the patient's heart.
  • The temperature sensor may sense temperate in a range between 36° C. to 42° C. The low end of the temperature range allows for normal body temperature (37° C.), less circadian variations and less a dip in temperature due to exercise. The high end of the temperature range allows for normal body temperature, plus fever, plus the increase in temperature due to exercise. The resolution may be about 0.023° C. This represents better than ⅕th of the smallest anticipated dip amplitude during exercise (0.15° C.).
  • Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art of cardiac technologies. Specific methods, devices, and materials may be described in this application, but any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention. While embodiments of the invention have been described in some detail and by way of exemplary illustrations, such illustration is for purposes of clarity of understanding only, and is not intended to be limiting. Various terms have been used in the description to convey an understanding of the invention; it will be understood that the meaning of these various terms extends to common linguistic or grammatical variations or forms thereof. It will also be understood that when terminology referring to devices, equipment, or drugs that have been referred to by trade names, brand names, or common names, that these terms or names are provided as contemporary examples, and the invention is not limited by such literal scope. Terminology that is introduced at a later date that may be reasonably understood as a derivative of a contemporary term or designating of a hierarchal subset embraced by a contemporary term will be understood as having been described by the now contemporary terminology. Further, while some theoretical considerations have been advanced in furtherance of providing an understanding of the invention, the claims to the invention are not bound by such theory. Moreover, any one or more features of any embodiment of the invention can be combined with any one or more other features of any other embodiment of the invention, without departing from the scope of the invention. Still further, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been set forth for purposes of exemplification, but is to be defined only by a fair reading of claims that are appended to the patent application, including the full range of equivalency to which each element thereof is entitled.

Claims (10)

What is claimed is:
1. A leadless cardiac pacemaker comprising:
a hermetic housing adapted and configured to be disposed in a chamber of a human heart;
a battery disposed in the housing;
at least two electrodes supported by the housing;
a temperature sensor bonded to an interior surface of the housing; and
a controller disposed in the housing and adapted to sense intracardiac information using the two electrodes and deliver stimulation energy from the battery to the electrodes using temperature information from the temperature sensor.
2. The leadless cardiac pacemaker of claim 1 wherein the temperature sensor comprises a thermistor.
3. The leadless cardiac pacemaker of claim 2 wherein the thermistor is mounted in a header assembly of the housing.
4. The leadless cardiac pacemaker of claim 1 wherein the controller comprises an ASIC and the temperature sensor comprises a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into the ASIC.
5. The leadless cardiac pacemaker of claim 1 further comprising a bonded thermal path between the temperature sensor and the interior surface of the housing.
6. The leadless cardiac pacemaker of claim 5 wherein the bonded thermal path is a thermal pad.
7. A method for providing electrical pacing signals to a patient's heart comprising:
sensing intracardiac information via two electrodes in contact with tissue within a chamber of the heart and supported by a hermetic housing disposed within the chamber;
providing electrical stimulation signals to the heart at a stimulation rate using the electrodes;
sensing temperature with a temperature sensor bonded to an interior surface of the housing; and
adjusting the stimulation rate of electrical stimulation signals using a controller disposed within the housing based on the temperature.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a thermistor mounted in a header assembly of the housing.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the sensing step comprises sensing the temperature with a semiconductor temperature sensor incorporated into an ASIC containing the controller.
US14/034,301 2010-10-12 2013-09-23 Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Abandoned US20140018876A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/034,301 US20140018876A1 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-09-23 Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39238210P 2010-10-12 2010-10-12
US13/272,092 US8543205B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2011-10-12 Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US14/034,301 US20140018876A1 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-09-23 Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/272,092 Continuation US8543205B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2011-10-12 Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140018876A1 true US20140018876A1 (en) 2014-01-16

Family

ID=45925738

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/272,092 Active US8543205B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2011-10-12 Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US14/034,301 Abandoned US20140018876A1 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-09-23 Temperature Sensor for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/272,092 Active US8543205B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2011-10-12 Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US8543205B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2627403A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2013539713A (en)
CN (1) CN103249452A (en)
WO (1) WO2012051237A1 (en)

Cited By (85)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9289612B1 (en) 2014-12-11 2016-03-22 Medtronic Inc. Coordination of ventricular pacing in a leadless pacing system
US9399140B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-07-26 Medtronic, Inc. Atrial contraction detection by a ventricular leadless pacing device for atrio-synchronous ventricular pacing
US9492668B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-11-15 Medtronic, Inc. Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device
US9492669B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-11-15 Medtronic, Inc. Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device
US9526909B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2016-12-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Medical device with triggered blanking period
US9592391B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2017-03-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting cardiac arrhythmias
US9623234B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-04-18 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing device implantation
US9669230B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2017-06-06 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias
US9724519B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-08-08 Medtronic, Inc. Ventricular leadless pacing device mode switching
US9853743B2 (en) 2015-08-20 2017-12-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for communication between medical devices
US9956414B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2018-05-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Temporal configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device
US9968787B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2018-05-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Spatial configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device
US10029107B1 (en) 2017-01-26 2018-07-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless device with overmolded components
US10046167B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2018-08-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with radiopaque ID tag
US10050700B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2018-08-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Communications in a medical device system with temporal optimization
US10065041B2 (en) 2015-10-08 2018-09-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Devices and methods for adjusting pacing rates in an implantable medical device
US10092760B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2018-10-09 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Arrhythmia detection and confirmation
US10137305B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2018-11-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for behaviorally responsive signal detection and therapy delivery
US10159842B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2018-12-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for detecting tamponade
US10183170B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-01-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Conducted communication in a medical device system
US10213610B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2019-02-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Communications in a medical device system with link quality assessment
US10220213B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2019-03-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for safe delivery of electrical stimulation therapy
US10226631B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2019-03-12 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for infarct detection
US10328272B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2019-06-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Retrievability for implantable medical devices
US10350423B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2019-07-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Delivery system with force sensor for leadless cardiac device
US10357159B2 (en) 2015-08-20 2019-07-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc Systems and methods for communication between medical devices
US10390720B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2019-08-27 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing system including sensing extension
US10391319B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2019-08-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Trans septal implantable medical device
US10413733B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2019-09-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with gyroscope
US10426962B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2019-10-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless pacemaker using pressure measurements for pacing capture verification
US10434317B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2019-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for activity level pacing
US10434314B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2019-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Use of a separate device in managing the pace pulse energy of a cardiac pacemaker
US10463305B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2019-11-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy with timing enhancements
US10512784B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2019-12-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac therapy system using subcutaneously sensed P-waves for resynchronization pacing management
US10561330B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-02-18 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device having a sense channel with performance adjustment
US10583303B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2020-03-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Devices and methods for wirelessly recharging a rechargeable battery of an implantable medical device
US10583301B2 (en) 2016-11-08 2020-03-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device for atrial deployment
US10617874B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2020-04-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for activity level pacing
US10632313B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2020-04-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for setting cardiac pacing pulse parameters for a cardiac pacing device
US10639486B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2020-05-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with recharge coil
US10668294B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2020-06-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker configured for over the wire delivery
US10688304B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2020-06-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and system for utilizing an atrial contraction timing fiducial in a leadless cardiac pacemaker system
US10722720B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2020-07-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for improved communication between medical devices
US10737102B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2020-08-11 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless implantable device with detachable fixation
US10758737B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2020-09-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Using sensor data from an intracardially implanted medical device to influence operation of an extracardially implantable cardioverter
US10758724B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-09-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device delivery system with integrated sensor
US10765871B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-09-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with pressure sensor
US10780278B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2020-09-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Integrated multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy using P-wave to pace timing
US10821288B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2020-11-03 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker with pacing pulse energy adjustment based on sensed heart rate
US10835753B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2020-11-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Intra-body device communication with redundant message transmission
US10870008B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2020-12-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac resynchronization using fusion promotion for timing management
US10874861B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2020-12-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Dual chamber pacing without beat-to-beat communication
US10881863B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-01-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with multimode communication
US10881869B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-01-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Wireless re-charge of an implantable medical device
US10894163B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-01-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. LCP based predictive timing for cardiac resynchronization
US10905886B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2021-02-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device for deployment across the atrioventricular septum
US10905889B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2021-02-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless stimulation device with a housing that houses internal components of the leadless stimulation device and functions as the battery case and a terminal of an internal battery
US10905872B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-02-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with a movable electrode biased toward an extended position
US10918875B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2021-02-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with a flux concentrator and a receiving coil disposed about the flux concentrator
US10994145B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2021-05-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable cardiac monitor
US11052258B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2021-07-06 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials within a search window from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker
US11058880B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2021-07-13 Medtronic, Inc. VFA cardiac therapy for tachycardia
US11065459B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2021-07-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with pressure sensor
US11071870B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2021-07-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials and determining a cardiac interval from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker
US11116988B2 (en) 2016-03-31 2021-09-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with rechargeable battery
US11147979B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-10-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with a magnetically permeable housing and an inductive coil disposed about the housing
US11185703B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2021-11-30 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker for bundle of his pacing
US11207527B2 (en) 2016-07-06 2021-12-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and system for determining an atrial contraction timing fiducial in a leadless cardiac pacemaker system
US11207532B2 (en) 2017-01-04 2021-12-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Dynamic sensing updates using postural input in a multiple device cardiac rhythm management system
US11213676B2 (en) 2019-04-01 2022-01-04 Medtronic, Inc. Delivery systems for VfA cardiac therapy
US11235161B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2022-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. Capture in ventricle-from-atrium cardiac therapy
US11235163B2 (en) 2017-09-20 2022-02-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with multiple modes of operation
US11235159B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2022-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. VFA cardiac resynchronization therapy
US11260216B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2022-03-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials during ventricular filling from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker
US11285326B2 (en) 2015-03-04 2022-03-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias
US11305127B2 (en) 2019-08-26 2022-04-19 Medtronic Inc. VfA delivery and implant region detection
US11400296B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2022-08-02 Medtronic, Inc. AV synchronous VfA cardiac therapy
US11529523B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2022-12-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Handheld bridge device for providing a communication bridge between an implanted medical device and a smartphone
US11679265B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-06-20 Medtronic, Inc. Lead-in-lead systems and methods for cardiac therapy
US11697025B2 (en) 2019-03-29 2023-07-11 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac conduction system capture
US11712188B2 (en) 2019-05-07 2023-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Posterior left bundle branch engagement
US11813464B2 (en) 2020-07-31 2023-11-14 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac conduction system evaluation
US11813463B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2023-11-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with reversionary behavior
US11813466B2 (en) 2020-01-27 2023-11-14 Medtronic, Inc. Atrioventricular nodal stimulation
US11911168B2 (en) 2020-04-03 2024-02-27 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac conduction system therapy benefit determination

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7532933B2 (en) 2004-10-20 2009-05-12 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Leadless cardiac stimulation systems
US9358400B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2016-06-07 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker
WO2007067231A1 (en) 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Cardiac stimulation system
US7840281B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2010-11-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Delivery of cardiac stimulation devices
US8644934B2 (en) * 2006-09-13 2014-02-04 Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. Cardiac stimulation using leadless electrode assemblies
WO2009099550A1 (en) 2008-02-07 2009-08-13 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Wireless tissue electrostimulation
US8527068B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2013-09-03 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with secondary fixation capability
US9060692B2 (en) * 2010-10-12 2015-06-23 Pacesetter, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
WO2013067496A2 (en) 2011-11-04 2013-05-10 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with integral battery and redundant welds
WO2013177425A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Nanostim, Inc. Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
EP2879758B1 (en) 2012-08-01 2018-04-18 Pacesetter, Inc. Biostimulator circuit with flying cell
US9833624B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2017-12-05 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for rate modulated cardiac therapy utilizing a temperature senor
DE102015109037A1 (en) 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Biotronik Se & Co. Kg Rate-adaptive intra- or epicardial cardiac stimulator and activity sensor
WO2018183568A1 (en) 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 Tc1 Llc Pressure sensing ventricular assist devices and methods of use
EP3600476B1 (en) 2017-03-29 2021-09-01 Tc1 Llc Adjusting pump protocol based on irregular heart rhythm
WO2018183567A1 (en) 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 Tc1 Llc Communication methods and architecture for heart treatment systems
WO2019178519A1 (en) 2018-03-15 2019-09-19 Tc1 Llc Methods and systems for preventing right heart failure
EP3768341A1 (en) 2018-03-19 2021-01-27 Tc1 Llc Coordinated ventricular assist and cardiac rhythm management devices and methods
US11241570B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2022-02-08 Tc1 Llc Systems and methods for inertial sensing for VAD diagnostics and closed loop control
US11717692B2 (en) 2018-08-20 2023-08-08 Pacesetter, Inc. Pacemaker systems and methods using multiple sensors for rate response pacing
US20220362560A1 (en) * 2019-10-28 2022-11-17 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Systems and methods for measuring temperature on or near an implantable medical device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5029582A (en) * 1989-02-10 1991-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medical apparatus for stimulating a physiological event in a patient with a stimulation intensity automatically adapted to the physical activity of the patient and a method for adapting the stimulation intensity to the physical activity of the patient
US5336244A (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-08-09 Medtronic, Inc. Temperature sensor based capture detection for a pacer

Family Cites Families (492)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3199508A (en) 1962-04-25 1965-08-10 W R Medical Electronies Co Coding of physiological signals
BE632412A (en) 1962-05-17
US3218638A (en) 1962-05-29 1965-11-16 William M Honig Wireless passive biological telemetry system
US3212496A (en) 1962-08-21 1965-10-19 United Aircraft Corp Molecular physiological monitoring system
US3478746A (en) 1965-05-12 1969-11-18 Medtronic Inc Cardiac implantable demand pacemaker
US3603881A (en) 1968-03-01 1971-09-07 Del Mar Eng Lab Frequency shift telemetry system with both radio and wire transmission paths
US3836798A (en) 1970-05-11 1974-09-17 Greatbatch W Ltd Device for converting nuclear energy into electrical energy
US3835864A (en) 1970-09-21 1974-09-17 Rasor Ass Inc Intra-cardiac stimulator
USRE30366E (en) 1970-09-21 1980-08-12 Rasor Associates, Inc. Organ stimulator
US3757778A (en) 1971-01-13 1973-09-11 Comprehensive Health Testing L Electrocardiograph lead distribution and contact testing apparatus
US3727616A (en) 1971-06-15 1973-04-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Electronic system for the stimulation of biological systems
GB1434524A (en) 1972-04-27 1976-05-05 Nat Res Dev Urinary control apparatus
US3946744A (en) 1972-05-30 1976-03-30 Medalert Corporation Electrocardiography signal transmission-reception method including method of measuring pacemaker signal frequency
US3823708A (en) 1972-06-08 1974-07-16 Cardiodynamics Tachycardia detector
US3830228A (en) 1972-06-12 1974-08-20 M Foner Biophysiological information processing device
GB1443705A (en) 1972-12-15 1976-07-21 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Rock drills
US3872251A (en) 1973-02-20 1975-03-18 Medalert Corp Electrocardiography transmitter and transmission method
US3943926A (en) 1974-04-10 1976-03-16 Oscar Arvizu Barragan Wholly disposable dental type syringe
US3905364A (en) 1974-04-17 1975-09-16 Marquette Electronics Inc Artifact detector
US4146029A (en) 1974-04-23 1979-03-27 Ellinwood Jr Everett H Self-powered implanted programmable medication system and method
US3952750A (en) 1974-04-25 1976-04-27 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Command atrial cardioverting device
US4318412A (en) 1974-08-05 1982-03-09 Gilbert P. Hyatt Arrangement for cardiac electrode implementation
IL45786A (en) 1974-10-04 1977-08-31 Yeda Res & Dev Heart beat detector
US4151513A (en) 1975-03-06 1979-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus for sensing and transmitting a pacemaker's stimulating pulse
US4072154A (en) 1976-05-28 1978-02-07 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Sealing arrangement for heart pacer electrode leads
US4083366A (en) 1976-06-16 1978-04-11 Peter P. Gombrich Heart beat rate monitor
US4102344A (en) 1976-11-15 1978-07-25 Mentor Corporation Stimulator apparatus for internal body organ
US4256115A (en) 1976-12-20 1981-03-17 American Technology, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacer
US4173221A (en) 1977-04-15 1979-11-06 Wallace Rogozinski EKG cable monitoring system
US4152540A (en) 1977-05-03 1979-05-01 American Pacemaker Corporation Feedthrough connector for implantable cardiac pacer
US4187854A (en) 1977-10-17 1980-02-12 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable demand pacemaker and monitor
US4151540A (en) 1977-12-08 1979-04-24 Fairchild Camera And Instrument Corporation High beta, high frequency transistor structure
DE2755643A1 (en) 1977-12-14 1979-06-21 Zeiss Carl Fa PROCEDURE AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ELECTRONIC LONG-TERM HEART MONITORING
FR2419720A1 (en) 1978-03-14 1979-10-12 Cardiofrance Co IMPLANTABLE HEART STIMULATOR WITH THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTIONS
US4165642A (en) * 1978-03-22 1979-08-28 Lipp Robert J Monolithic CMOS digital temperature measurement circuit
US4210149A (en) 1978-04-17 1980-07-01 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Implantable cardioverter with patient communication
US4223678A (en) 1978-05-03 1980-09-23 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Arrhythmia recorder for use with an implantable defibrillator
US4350169A (en) 1979-01-05 1982-09-21 Medtronic, Inc. Flexible tip stiffening stylet for use with body implantable lead
US4481950A (en) 1979-04-27 1984-11-13 Medtronic, Inc. Acoustic signalling apparatus for implantable devices
US4296756A (en) 1979-07-26 1981-10-27 Cyber Diagnostics, Inc. Remote pulmonary function tester
US4440173A (en) 1979-11-08 1984-04-03 Medtronic Programmable body stimulation system
US4310000A (en) 1980-01-23 1982-01-12 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable pulse generator having separate passive sensing reference electrode
US4336810A (en) 1980-09-30 1982-06-29 Del Mar Avionics Method and apparatus for arrhythmia analysis of ECG recordings
US4374382A (en) 1981-01-16 1983-02-15 Medtronic, Inc. Marker channel telemetry system for a medical device
US4406288A (en) 1981-04-06 1983-09-27 Hugh P. Cash Bladder control device and method
US4522208A (en) 1981-04-16 1985-06-11 Cardiofrance Compagnie Francaise D'electrocardiologie Method for determining parameter values of an implanted programmable pacemaker
US4612934A (en) 1981-06-30 1986-09-23 Borkan William N Non-invasive multiprogrammable tissue stimulator
US4793353A (en) 1981-06-30 1988-12-27 Borkan William N Non-invasive multiprogrammable tissue stimulator and method
DE3130104A1 (en) 1981-07-30 1983-02-17 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München ARRANGEMENT FOR STIMULATING A HUMAN MUSCLE
US4428378A (en) 1981-11-19 1984-01-31 Medtronic, Inc. Rate adaptive pacer
US4424551B1 (en) 1982-01-25 1991-06-11 Highly-reliable feed through/filter capacitor and method for making same
US4411271A (en) 1982-02-10 1983-10-25 Medtronic, Inc. Body tissue depolarization evaluation system
WO1983003744A1 (en) 1982-04-23 1983-11-10 Reinhold Herbert Edward Jr Ambulatory monitoring system with real time analysis and telephone transmission
US4453162A (en) 1982-05-10 1984-06-05 Telectronics Pty. Ltd. Efficient and fast-switching telemetry transmitter
US4995390A (en) * 1982-05-19 1991-02-26 Purdue Research Foundation Exercise responsive cardiac pacemaker
US4442840A (en) 1982-06-07 1984-04-17 Wojciechowicz Jr Alexander Electrical connector apparatus and method for a temporary cardiac pacing wire
DE3232478C1 (en) 1982-09-01 1984-03-01 Werner Prof. Dr.-Ing. 6301 Wettenberg Irnich Synchronizable pacemaker
US4550370A (en) 1982-10-29 1985-10-29 Medtronic, Inc. Pacemaker programmer with telemetric functions
US4513743A (en) 1982-11-12 1985-04-30 Vitatron Medical B.V. Physiological devices such as pacemakers and method for providing histogram data
US4681117A (en) 1983-02-15 1987-07-21 Brodman Richard F Intracardiac catheter and a method for detecting myocardial ischemia
US4552127A (en) 1983-04-01 1985-11-12 Peter Schiff Percutaneous intra-aortic balloon having an EKG electrode and a twisting stylet for coupling the EKG electrode to monitoring and/or pacing instrumentation external to the body
US4543955A (en) 1983-08-01 1985-10-01 Cordis Corporation System for controlling body implantable action device
US4562846A (en) 1983-09-15 1986-01-07 Duke University System and process for monitoring myocardial integrity
US4875483A (en) 1983-10-17 1989-10-24 Telectronics, N.V. Implantable cardiac pacer with programmable antitachycardia mechanisms
JPS60134543A (en) 1983-12-22 1985-07-17 Sharp Corp Contactless type data transfer system
US4552154A (en) 1984-03-12 1985-11-12 Medtronic, Inc. Waveform morphology discriminator and method
US4586508A (en) 1984-03-23 1986-05-06 Cordis Corporation Implant communication system with patient coil
US4607639A (en) 1984-05-18 1986-08-26 Regents Of The University Of California Method and system for controlling bladder evacuation
US4606352A (en) 1984-07-13 1986-08-19 Purdue Research Foundation Personal electrocardiogram monitor
US4802481A (en) 1984-07-19 1989-02-07 Cordis Leads, Inc. Apparatus for controlling pacing of a heart in response to changes in stroke volume
US4679144A (en) 1984-08-21 1987-07-07 Q-Med, Inc. Cardiac signal real time monitor and method of analysis
US4681111A (en) 1985-04-05 1987-07-21 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Analog and digital telemetry system for an implantable device
US4625730A (en) 1985-04-09 1986-12-02 The Johns Hopkins University Patient ECG recording control for an automatic implantable defibrillator
US4702253A (en) 1985-10-15 1987-10-27 Telectronics N.V. Metabolic-demand pacemaker and method of using the same to determine minute volume
US4905708A (en) 1985-10-31 1990-03-06 Davies David W Apparatus for recognizing cardiac rhythms
DE3541598A1 (en) 1985-11-25 1987-11-19 Alt Eckhard LOAD-RELATED FREQUENCY VARIABLE HEART PACEMAKER
US4860750A (en) 1986-04-17 1989-08-29 Intermedics Inc. Sidelock pacer lead connector
DE3773754D1 (en) 1986-06-16 1991-11-21 Siemens Ag FREQUENCY CONTROLLED HEART PACEMAKER.
US4722342A (en) 1986-06-16 1988-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cardiac pacer for pacing a human heart and pacing method
US4830006B1 (en) 1986-06-17 1997-10-28 Intermedics Inc Implantable cardiac stimulator for detection and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
DE3631155A1 (en) 1986-09-12 1988-03-24 Alt Eckhard FREQUENCY VARIABLE HEART PACEMAKER WITH STRESS-ADEQUATE FREQUENCY BEHAVIOR
EP0264666B1 (en) 1986-09-30 1993-01-27 Pacesetter AB Activity sensor for a cardiac pace-maker
US4794532A (en) 1986-11-10 1988-12-27 Hewlett-Packard Company Virtual arrhythmia system
IT1214738B (en) 1986-11-11 1990-01-18 Sbm Soc Brevetti Medicina IMPROVEMENT IN CARDIAC STIMULATION SYSTEMS VIA PACEMAKER
AU1159088A (en) 1987-01-29 1988-08-24 S.B.M. Societa Brevetti Per La Medicina S.R.L. Epi-cardial electrode with an incorporated cardiac radio-frequency receiver (crr) for temporary heart stimulation from the outside, pre-arranged for permanent stimulation
DE3709073A1 (en) 1987-03-19 1988-09-29 Alt Eckhard IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE
US4827940A (en) 1987-04-13 1989-05-09 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Soluble covering for cardiac pacing electrode
US4750495A (en) 1987-06-05 1988-06-14 Medtronic, Inc. Oxygen sensing pacemaker
US4903701A (en) 1987-06-05 1990-02-27 Medtronic, Inc. Oxygen sensing pacemaker
US4787389A (en) 1987-07-16 1988-11-29 Tnc Medical Devices Pte. Ltd. Using an implantable antitachycardia defibrillator circuit
US4791931A (en) 1987-08-13 1988-12-20 Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. Demand pacemaker using an artificial baroreceptor reflex
US4809697A (en) 1987-10-14 1989-03-07 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Interactive programming and diagnostic system for use with implantable pacemaker
US4883064A (en) 1987-11-19 1989-11-28 Equimed Corporation Method and system for gathering electrocardiographic data
US4886064A (en) 1987-11-25 1989-12-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Body activity controlled heart pacer
US4880004A (en) 1988-06-07 1989-11-14 Intermedics, Inc. Implantable cardiac stimulator with automatic gain control and bandpass filtering in feedback loop
US4844076A (en) 1988-08-26 1989-07-04 The Johns Hopkins University Ingestible size continuously transmitting temperature monitoring pill
DE3831809A1 (en) 1988-09-19 1990-03-22 Funke Hermann DEVICE DETERMINED AT LEAST PARTLY IN THE LIVING BODY
US5040534A (en) 1989-01-25 1991-08-20 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Microprocessor controlled rate-responsive pacemaker having automatic rate response threshold adjustment
US5014701A (en) 1989-05-19 1991-05-14 Ventritex, Inc. Implantable cardiac defibrillator employing a digital waveform analyzer system
US5111816A (en) 1989-05-23 1992-05-12 Ventritex System configuration for combined defibrillator/pacemaker
US4987897A (en) 1989-09-18 1991-01-29 Medtronic, Inc. Body bus medical device communication system
US5876425A (en) 1989-09-22 1999-03-02 Advanced Bionics Corporation Power control loop for implantable tissue stimulator
US4974589A (en) 1989-10-17 1990-12-04 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Automatically adjustable blanking period for implantable pacemaker
JPH0659319B2 (en) 1989-11-17 1994-08-10 三洋電機株式会社 Wireless low frequency therapy device
US5010887A (en) 1989-11-17 1991-04-30 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Noise discrimination in implantable pacemakers
US5235742A (en) 1989-11-20 1993-08-17 Siemens Pacesetter, Inc. Method of making an implantable device
US5088488A (en) 1989-12-22 1992-02-18 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for implementing histogram storage and trend analysis in a medical stimulator
US5040533A (en) 1989-12-29 1991-08-20 Medical Engineering And Development Institute Incorporated Implantable cardiovascular treatment device container for sensing a physiological parameter
US5042497A (en) 1990-01-30 1991-08-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Arrhythmia prediction and prevention for implanted devices
US5040536A (en) 1990-01-31 1991-08-20 Medtronic, Inc. Intravascular pressure posture detector
US5058581A (en) 1990-02-20 1991-10-22 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Telemetry apparatus and method for implantable tissue stimulator
US5284136A (en) 1990-04-04 1994-02-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Dual indifferent electrode pacemaker
US5076270A (en) 1990-05-03 1991-12-31 Siemens-Pacesetter, Inc. Apparatus and method for making electrical connections in an implantable pacemaker
US5085224A (en) 1990-05-25 1992-02-04 Hewlett-Packard Company Portable signalling unit for an ekg
DE4019002A1 (en) 1990-06-13 1992-01-02 Siemens Ag ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT FOR A DEFIBRILLATOR
US5076272A (en) 1990-06-15 1991-12-31 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Autocontrollable pacemaker with alarm
US5086772A (en) 1990-07-30 1992-02-11 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Arrhythmia control system employing arrhythmia recognition algorithm
US5252962A (en) 1990-08-03 1993-10-12 Bio Medic Data Systems System monitoring programmable implantable transponder
US5113869A (en) 1990-08-21 1992-05-19 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Implantable ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor
US5065759A (en) 1990-08-30 1991-11-19 Vitatron Medical B.V. Pacemaker with optimized rate responsiveness and method of rate control
US5052399A (en) 1990-09-20 1991-10-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Holter function data encoder for implantable device
US5170784A (en) 1990-11-27 1992-12-15 Ceon Ramon Leadless magnetic cardiac pacemaker
US5193550A (en) 1990-11-30 1993-03-16 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for discriminating among normal and pathological tachyarrhythmias
FR2671010B1 (en) 1990-12-27 1993-07-09 Ela Medical Sa ENDOCARDIAC PROBE PROVIDED WITH AN ACTIVE FIXING MEMBER
US5170802A (en) 1991-01-07 1992-12-15 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable electrode for location within a blood vessel
US5179947A (en) 1991-01-15 1993-01-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Acceleration-sensitive cardiac pacemaker and method of operation
US5133350A (en) 1991-01-31 1992-07-28 Medtronic, Inc. Mode switching pacemaker
US5135004A (en) 1991-03-12 1992-08-04 Incontrol, Inc. Implantable myocardial ischemia monitor and related method
AU654552B2 (en) 1991-04-05 1994-11-10 Medtronic, Inc. Subcutaneous multi-electrode sensing system
US5383915A (en) 1991-04-10 1995-01-24 Angeion Corporation Wireless programmer/repeater system for an implanted medical device
WO1994008657A1 (en) 1992-10-20 1994-04-28 Noel Desmond Gray A heart pacemaker
US5217010A (en) 1991-05-28 1993-06-08 The Johns Hopkins University Ecg amplifier and cardiac pacemaker for use during magnetic resonance imaging
US5267150A (en) 1991-08-07 1993-11-30 Medtronic, Inc. Input isolation circuit for computer-controlled medical device
US5304209A (en) 1991-09-24 1994-04-19 Angeion Corporation Remote-control temporary pacemaker
US5184616A (en) 1991-10-21 1993-02-09 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for generation of varying waveforms in arrhythmia control system
US5318596A (en) 1991-11-13 1994-06-07 Exonic Corporation Activity sensing pacemaker
US5304206A (en) 1991-11-18 1994-04-19 Cyberonics, Inc. Activation techniques for implantable medical device
US5193540A (en) 1991-12-18 1993-03-16 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Structure and method of manufacture of an implantable microstimulator
US5358514A (en) 1991-12-18 1994-10-25 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Implantable microdevice with self-attaching electrodes
US5193539A (en) 1991-12-18 1993-03-16 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Implantable microstimulator
US5217019A (en) 1991-12-27 1993-06-08 Abbott Laboratories Apparatus and method for continuously monitoring cardiac output
US5313953A (en) 1992-01-14 1994-05-24 Incontrol, Inc. Implantable cardiac patient monitor
US5419337A (en) 1992-02-14 1995-05-30 Dempsey; George J. Non-invasive multi-electrocardiographic apparatus and method of assessing acute ischaemic damage
US5565005A (en) 1992-02-20 1996-10-15 Amei Technologies Inc. Implantable growth tissue stimulator and method operation
JPH05245215A (en) 1992-03-03 1993-09-24 Terumo Corp Heart pace maker
US5354317A (en) 1992-04-03 1994-10-11 Intermedics, Inc. Apparatus and method for cardiac pacing responsive to patient position
GB9211085D0 (en) 1992-05-23 1992-07-08 Tippey Keith E Electrical stimulation
US5342401A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-08-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Real time cardiac arrhythmia stabilizing system
US5300093A (en) 1992-09-14 1994-04-05 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring, formatting and transmitting combined intracardiac impedance data and electrograms
WO1994007564A2 (en) 1992-10-01 1994-04-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Stent-type defibrillation electrode structures
SE9203284D0 (en) 1992-11-04 1992-11-04 Siemens Elema Ab HJAERTSTIMULATOR
US5291902A (en) 1993-01-11 1994-03-08 Brent Carman Incontinence treatment
SE9300825D0 (en) 1993-03-12 1993-03-12 Siemens Elema Ab DEVICE FOR Saturation of electrical activity at heart
US5539775A (en) 1993-03-17 1996-07-23 Micron Technology, Inc. Modulated spread spectrum in RF identification systems method
US5406444A (en) 1993-03-29 1995-04-11 Medtronic, Inc. Coated tantalum feedthrough pin
DK0617914T3 (en) 1993-03-31 1999-06-21 Siemens Medical Systems Inc Device and method for delivering dual output signals in a telemetry transmitter
US5333095A (en) 1993-05-03 1994-07-26 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc., Sierra Capacitor Filter Division Feedthrough filter capacitor assembly for human implant
US5383912A (en) 1993-05-05 1995-01-24 Intermedics, Inc. Apparatus for high speed data communication between an external medical device and an implantable medical device
US5404877A (en) 1993-06-04 1995-04-11 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Leadless implantable sensor assembly and a cardiac emergency warning alarm
US5411532A (en) 1993-06-04 1995-05-02 Pacesetter, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker having integrated pacing lead and oxygen sensor
US5373852A (en) 1993-06-25 1994-12-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Monitoring uterine contractions by radiotelemetric transmission
US5431171A (en) 1993-06-25 1995-07-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Monitoring fetal characteristics by radiotelemetric transmission
DE69432148T2 (en) 1993-07-01 2003-10-16 Boston Scient Ltd CATHETER FOR IMAGE DISPLAY, DISPLAY OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS AND ABLATION
US5411537A (en) 1993-10-29 1995-05-02 Intermedics, Inc. Rechargeable biomedical battery powered devices with recharging and control system therefor
US5531781A (en) 1993-11-02 1996-07-02 Alferness; Clifton A. Implantable lead having a steering distal guide tip
US5654984A (en) 1993-12-03 1997-08-05 Silicon Systems, Inc. Signal modulation across capacitors
US5413594A (en) 1993-12-09 1995-05-09 Ventritex, Inc. Method and apparatus for interrogating an implanted cardiac device
US5456261A (en) 1993-12-16 1995-10-10 Marquette Electronics, Inc. Cardiac monitoring and diagnostic system
JP2703510B2 (en) 1993-12-28 1998-01-26 アドヴァンスド カーディオヴァスキュラー システムズ インコーポレーテッド Expandable stent and method of manufacturing the same
US5417222A (en) 1994-01-21 1995-05-23 Hewlett-Packard Company Patient monitoring system
US5509424A (en) * 1994-01-28 1996-04-23 Aws Salim Nashef Continuous cardiac output monitoring system
US5446447A (en) 1994-02-16 1995-08-29 Motorola, Inc. RF tagging system including RF tags with variable frequency resonant circuits
US5598848A (en) 1994-03-31 1997-02-04 Ep Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for positioning multiple electrode structures in electrical contact with the myocardium
US5738102A (en) 1994-03-31 1998-04-14 Lemelson; Jerome H. Patient monitoring system
US5549654A (en) 1994-04-15 1996-08-27 Medtronic, Inc. Interactive interpretation of event markers in body-implantable medical device
US6139510A (en) 1994-05-11 2000-10-31 Target Therapeutics Inc. Super elastic alloy guidewire
US5466246A (en) 1994-07-29 1995-11-14 Pacesetter, Inc. Telemetry receiver for implantable device, incorporating digital signal processing
US5571148A (en) 1994-08-10 1996-11-05 Loeb; Gerald E. Implantable multichannel stimulator
US5579775A (en) 1994-10-20 1996-12-03 Hewlett-Packard Company Dynamic control of a patient monitoring system
US5522876A (en) 1994-10-26 1996-06-04 Vitatron Medical, B.V. Screw-in pacing lead
US5549659A (en) 1994-11-04 1996-08-27 Physio-Control Corporation Communication interface for transmitting and receiving serial data between medical instruments
US5628778A (en) 1994-11-21 1997-05-13 Medtronic Inc. Single pass medical electrical lead
SE9404374D0 (en) 1994-12-15 1994-12-15 Pacesetter Ab magnetic field detector
US5591217A (en) 1995-01-04 1997-01-07 Plexus, Inc. Implantable stimulator with replenishable, high value capacitive power source and method therefor
US5531783A (en) 1995-01-17 1996-07-02 Vitatron Medical, B.V. Pacing lead with x-ray visible soluble covering and method of inserting same into a patient's heart
US5551427A (en) 1995-02-13 1996-09-03 Altman; Peter A. Implantable device for the effective elimination of cardiac arrhythmogenic sites
US5556421A (en) 1995-02-22 1996-09-17 Intermedics, Inc. Implantable medical device with enclosed physiological parameter sensors or telemetry link
EP0814699B1 (en) 1995-02-27 2001-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. External patient reference sensor
DE820258T1 (en) 1995-03-23 1998-04-30 Advanced Animal Technology Ltd SUBSTANCE DELIVERY DEVICE
US5586556A (en) 1995-05-11 1996-12-24 T Z Medical, Inc. Pacemaker and heart monitoring and data transmitting device and method
US5697958A (en) 1995-06-07 1997-12-16 Intermedics, Inc. Electromagnetic noise detector for implantable medical devices
US5662689A (en) 1995-09-08 1997-09-02 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for alleviating cardioversion shock pain
US6076016A (en) 1995-10-19 2000-06-13 Feierbach; Gary F. Galvanic transdermal conduction communication system and method
EP0857377B1 (en) 1995-10-19 2006-08-16 The University Of Melbourne Embedded data link and protocol
US5650759A (en) 1995-11-09 1997-07-22 Hittman Materials & Medical Components, Inc. Filtered feedthrough assembly having a mounted chip capacitor for medical implantable devices and method of manufacture therefor
EP0855927A1 (en) 1995-11-24 1998-08-05 Advanced Bionics Corporation System and method for conditioning pelvic musculature using an implanted microstimulator
SE9504258D0 (en) 1995-11-28 1995-11-28 Pacesetter Ab Device and method for generating a synthesized ECG
US20020032467A1 (en) 2000-05-04 2002-03-14 Itsik Shemer Signal delivery through the right ventricular septum
US5693076A (en) 1996-01-16 1997-12-02 Medtronic, Inc. Compressed patient narrative storage in and full text reconstruction from implantable medical devices
SE9600389D0 (en) 1996-02-02 1996-02-02 Pacesetter Ab Medical device used to stimulate tissue
US5814076A (en) 1996-02-09 1998-09-29 Cardiac Control Systems, Inc. Apparatus for improved cardiac pacing and sensing using extracardiac indifferent electrode configurations
US5605159A (en) 1996-02-16 1997-02-25 Smith; Joseph M. System and method for determining spatial organization of atrial activation
US6132390A (en) 1996-02-28 2000-10-17 Eupalamus Llc Handle for manipulation of a stylet used for deflecting a tip of a lead or catheter
US5728154A (en) 1996-02-29 1998-03-17 Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company Communication method for implantable medical device
US5702427A (en) 1996-03-28 1997-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Verification of capture using pressure waves transmitted through a pacing lead
US6223081B1 (en) 1996-03-28 2001-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable stimulus system having stimulus generator with pressure sensor and common lead for transmitting stimulus pulses to a body location and pressure signals from the body location to the stimulus generator
US6208900B1 (en) 1996-03-28 2001-03-27 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for rate-responsive cardiac pacing using header mounted pressure wave transducer
US6006134A (en) 1998-04-30 1999-12-21 Medtronic, Inc. Method and device for electronically controlling the beating of a heart using venous electrical stimulation of nerve fibers
US5730143A (en) 1996-05-03 1998-03-24 Ralin Medical, Inc. Electrocardiographic monitoring and recording device
US6594523B1 (en) 1996-05-14 2003-07-15 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable stimulation device, programmer, and method for automatically evaluating interaction of the device with a patient's heart
US5891178A (en) 1996-05-14 1999-04-06 Pacesetter, Inc. Programmer system and associated methods for rapidly evaluating and programming an implanted cardiac device
US5899928A (en) 1996-05-14 1999-05-04 Pacesetter, Inc. Descriptive transtelephonic pacing intervals for use by an emplantable pacemaker
US5725559A (en) 1996-05-16 1998-03-10 Intermedics Inc. Programmably upgradable implantable medical device
US6496715B1 (en) 1996-07-11 2002-12-17 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for non-invasive determination of optimal orientation of an implantable sensing device
JP2000514682A (en) 1996-07-11 2000-11-07 メドトロニック・インコーポレーテッド Minimal invasive implantable device for monitoring physiological events
US5735880A (en) 1996-09-16 1998-04-07 Sulzer Intermedics Inc. Method and apparatus for reliably producing pacing pulse trains
US5792205A (en) 1996-10-21 1998-08-11 Intermedics, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker with bidirectional communication
SE9604143D0 (en) 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 Pacesetter Ab Implantable electrode cable
US6119031A (en) 1996-11-21 2000-09-12 Boston Scientific Corporation Miniature spectrometer
US5814087A (en) 1996-12-18 1998-09-29 Medtronic, Inc. Rate responsive pacemaker adapted to adjust lower rate limit according to monitored patient blood temperature
US5999857A (en) 1996-12-18 1999-12-07 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable device telemetry system and method
US5814089A (en) 1996-12-18 1998-09-29 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless multisite implantable stimulus and diagnostic system
US5876353A (en) 1997-01-31 1999-03-02 Medtronic, Inc. Impedance monitor for discerning edema through evaluation of respiratory rate
US5957861A (en) 1997-01-31 1999-09-28 Medtronic, Inc. Impedance monitor for discerning edema through evaluation of respiratory rate
US6695885B2 (en) 1997-02-26 2004-02-24 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Method and apparatus for coupling an implantable stimulator/sensor to a prosthetic device
JP2001513679A (en) 1997-02-26 2001-09-04 アルフレッド イー マン ファウンデーション フォア サイエンティフィック リサーチ Battery powered patient subcutaneous insertion device
US6208894B1 (en) 1997-02-26 2001-03-27 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research And Advanced Bionics System of implantable devices for monitoring and/or affecting body parameters
US20050075682A1 (en) * 1997-02-26 2005-04-07 Schulman Joseph H. Neural device for sensing temperature
US6164284A (en) 1997-02-26 2000-12-26 Schulman; Joseph H. System of implantable devices for monitoring and/or affecting body parameters
US6862465B2 (en) 1997-03-04 2005-03-01 Dexcom, Inc. Device and method for determining analyte levels
US6741877B1 (en) 1997-03-04 2004-05-25 Dexcom, Inc. Device and method for determining analyte levels
US6558321B1 (en) 1997-03-04 2003-05-06 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for remote monitoring and modulation of medical devices
US5954761A (en) 1997-03-25 1999-09-21 Intermedics Inc. Implantable endocardial lead assembly having a stent
US6785576B2 (en) 1997-04-21 2004-08-31 Medtronic, Inc. Medical electrical lead
US5931861A (en) 1997-04-25 1999-08-03 Medtronic, Inc. Medical lead adaptor having rotatable locking clip mechanism
US6096065A (en) 1997-09-29 2000-08-01 Boston Scientific Corporation Sheath for tissue spectroscopy
US6238348B1 (en) 1997-07-22 2001-05-29 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Miniature spectrometer system and method
US6324418B1 (en) 1997-09-29 2001-11-27 Boston Scientific Corporation Portable tissue spectroscopy apparatus and method
US6185443B1 (en) 1997-09-29 2001-02-06 Boston Scientific Corporation Visible display for an interventional device
US5984861A (en) 1997-09-29 1999-11-16 Boston Scientific Corporation Endofluorescence imaging module for an endoscope
US6198952B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2001-03-06 Medtronic, Inc. Multiple lens oxygen sensor for medical electrical lead
US6125291A (en) 1998-10-30 2000-09-26 Medtronic, Inc. Light barrier for medical electrical lead oxygen sensor
US6134459A (en) 1998-10-30 2000-10-17 Medtronic, Inc. Light focusing apparatus for medical electrical lead oxygen sensor
US6248080B1 (en) 1997-09-03 2001-06-19 Medtronic, Inc. Intracranial monitoring and therapy delivery control device, system and method
US6144866A (en) 1998-10-30 2000-11-07 Medtronic, Inc. Multiple sensor assembly for medical electric lead
US6125290A (en) 1998-10-30 2000-09-26 Medtronic, Inc. Tissue overgrowth detector for implantable medical device
US6731976B2 (en) 1997-09-03 2004-05-04 Medtronic, Inc. Device and method to measure and communicate body parameters
US6409674B1 (en) 1998-09-24 2002-06-25 Data Sciences International, Inc. Implantable sensor with wireless communication
US6296615B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2001-10-02 Data Sciences International, Inc. Catheter with physiological sensor
US6212434B1 (en) 1998-07-22 2001-04-03 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Single pass lead system
SE9800126D0 (en) 1998-01-20 1998-01-20 Pacesetter Ab Implantable medical device
US6289229B1 (en) 1998-01-20 2001-09-11 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Readable probe array for in vivo use
US6148230A (en) 1998-01-30 2000-11-14 Uab Research Foundation Method for the monitoring and treatment of spontaneous cardiac arrhythmias
US5931864A (en) 1998-02-20 1999-08-03 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Coronary venous lead having fixation mechanism
US6265100B1 (en) 1998-02-23 2001-07-24 Research International, Inc. Rechargeable battery
US6141592A (en) 1998-03-06 2000-10-31 Intermedics Inc. Data transmission using a varying electric field
US6132456A (en) 1998-03-10 2000-10-17 Medtronic, Inc. Arrangement for implanting an endocardial cardiac lead
US5902331A (en) 1998-03-10 1999-05-11 Medtronic, Inc. Arrangement for implanting an endocardial cardiac lead
US6045513A (en) 1998-05-13 2000-04-04 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device for tracking patient functional status
US6093146A (en) 1998-06-05 2000-07-25 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Physiological monitoring
WO1999064100A1 (en) 1998-06-12 1999-12-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Modified guidewire for left ventricular access lead
US6243608B1 (en) 1998-06-12 2001-06-05 Intermedics Inc. Implantable device with optical telemetry
US6477424B1 (en) 1998-06-19 2002-11-05 Medtronic, Inc. Medical management system integrated programming apparatus for communication with an implantable medical device
US6444970B1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-09-03 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Miniature low-noise photodiode system
US6704602B2 (en) 1998-07-02 2004-03-09 Medtronic, Inc. Implanted medical device/external medical instrument communication utilizing surface electrodes
US6735474B1 (en) 1998-07-06 2004-05-11 Advanced Bionics Corporation Implantable stimulator system and method for treatment of incontinence and pain
US6141588A (en) 1998-07-24 2000-10-31 Intermedics Inc. Cardiac simulation system having multiple stimulators for anti-arrhythmia therapy
US6129751A (en) 1998-07-28 2000-10-10 Intermedics Inc. Cardiac lead with active fixation and biocompatible lubricant
US6002969A (en) 1998-08-05 1999-12-14 Intermedics Inc. Cardiac lead with shape-memory structure
AU5394099A (en) 1998-08-07 2000-02-28 Infinite Biomedical Technologies, Incorporated Implantable myocardial ischemia detection, indication and action technology
US6240321B1 (en) 1998-08-12 2001-05-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Expandable seal for use with medical device and system
US6402689B1 (en) 1998-09-30 2002-06-11 Sicel Technologies, Inc. Methods, systems, and associated implantable devices for dynamic monitoring of physiological and biological properties of tumors
US6141584A (en) 1998-09-30 2000-10-31 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Defibrillator with wireless communications
US6306088B1 (en) 1998-10-03 2001-10-23 Individual Monitoring Systems, Inc. Ambulatory distributed recorders system for diagnosing medical disorders
IL127481A (en) 1998-10-06 2004-05-12 Bio Control Medical Ltd Incontinence treatment device
US6163723A (en) 1998-10-22 2000-12-19 Medtronic, Inc. Circuit and method for implantable dual sensor medical electrical lead
US20020041987A1 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-04-11 Joseph H. Schulman Prismatic zincair battery for use with biological stimulator
US8244370B2 (en) 2001-04-13 2012-08-14 Greatbatch Ltd. Band stop filter employing a capacitor and an inductor tank circuit to enhance MRI compatibility of active medical devices
US6134470A (en) 1998-11-09 2000-10-17 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating a tachyarrhythmic patient
US6201993B1 (en) 1998-12-09 2001-03-13 Medtronic, Inc. Medical device telemetry receiver having improved noise discrimination
US6115636A (en) 1998-12-22 2000-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. Telemetry for implantable devices using the body as an antenna
US6466820B1 (en) 1998-12-29 2002-10-15 Medtronic, Inc. Multi-site cardiac pacing system having trigger pace window
WO2000038783A1 (en) 1998-12-31 2000-07-06 Ball Semiconductor, Inc. Injectable thermal balls for tumor ablation
US6358202B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2002-03-19 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Network for implanted computer devices
US6152882A (en) 1999-01-26 2000-11-28 Impulse Dynamics N.V. Apparatus and method for chronic measurement of monophasic action potentials
US6266554B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-07-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for classifying cardiac complexes
US6112116A (en) 1999-02-22 2000-08-29 Cathco, Inc. Implantable responsive system for sensing and treating acute myocardial infarction
US6223078B1 (en) 1999-03-12 2001-04-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Discrimination of supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia events
US6230059B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-05-08 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable monitor
US6272379B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-08-07 Cathco, Inc. Implantable electronic system with acute myocardial infarction detection and patient warning capabilities
US6263242B1 (en) 1999-03-25 2001-07-17 Impulse Dynamics N.V. Apparatus and method for timing the delivery of non-excitatory ETC signals to a heart
US6324421B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2001-11-27 Medtronic, Inc. Axis shift analysis of electrocardiogram signal parameters especially applicable for multivector analysis by implantable medical devices, and use of same
US6115630A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. Determination of orientation of electrocardiogram signal in implantable medical devices
US6128526A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-10-03 Medtronic, Inc. Method for ischemia detection and apparatus for using same
US6115628A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for filtering electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to remove bad cycle information and for use of physiologic signals determined from said filtered ECG signals
US6167310A (en) 1999-03-31 2000-12-26 Medtronic, Inc. Downlink telemetry system and method for implantable medical device
US6178349B1 (en) 1999-04-15 2001-01-23 Medtronic, Inc. Drug delivery neural stimulation device for treatment of cardiovascular disorders
US6190324B1 (en) 1999-04-28 2001-02-20 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device for tracking patient cardiac status
US6233487B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2001-05-15 Impulse Dynamics N.V. Apparatus and method for setting the parameters of an alert window used for timing the delivery of ETC signals to a heart under varying cardiac conditions
US6223072B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2001-04-24 Impulse Dynamics N.V. Apparatus and method for collecting data useful for determining the parameters of an alert window for timing delivery of ETC signals to a heart under varying cardiac conditions
DE19930262A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Electromedical implant, especially pacemaker, has telemetry device transmitter containing oscillator with first transistor and resonator, buffer stage, antenna driver with second transistor
DE19930256A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Near and far field telemetry implant
DE19930250A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-02-15 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Device for monitoring data, in particular from an electromedical implant
DE19930245A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Electromedical implant
DE19930240A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Procedure for data retrieval during implant follow-up
DE19930241A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Procedure for data transmission in implant monitoring
DE19930263A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-12-28 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Method and device for data transmission between an electromedical implant and an external device
US7181505B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2007-02-20 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for remote programming of an implantable medical device
US6512949B1 (en) 1999-07-12 2003-01-28 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device for measuring time varying physiologic conditions especially edema and for responding thereto
US6236882B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2001-05-22 Medtronic, Inc. Noise rejection for monitoring ECG's
US6347245B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2002-02-12 Medtronic, Inc. Medical device ECG marker for use in compressed data system
US6449503B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2002-09-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Classification of supraventricular and ventricular cardiac rhythms using cross channel timing algorithm
US6334859B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2002-01-01 Zuli Holdings Ltd. Subcutaneous apparatus and subcutaneous method for treating bodily tissues with electricity or medicaments
US6263245B1 (en) 1999-08-12 2001-07-17 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for portable implantable device interogation
US6381494B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2002-04-30 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Response to ambient noise in implantable pulse generator
US6361522B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2002-03-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Drug delivery system for implantable cardiac device
US6442433B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2002-08-27 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for remote troubleshooting, maintenance and upgrade of implantable device systems
US6385593B2 (en) 1999-10-29 2002-05-07 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for automated invoicing of medical device systems
US6363282B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2002-03-26 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method to automatic remote software updates of medical device systems
DE10053118A1 (en) 1999-10-29 2001-05-31 Medtronic Inc Remote self-identification apparatus and method for components in medical device systems
US6480733B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2002-11-12 Pacesetter, Inc. Method for monitoring heart failure
US6386882B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2002-05-14 Medtronic, Inc. Remote delivery of software-based training for implantable medical device systems
US6409675B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2002-06-25 Pacesetter, Inc. Extravascular hemodynamic monitor
US6542781B1 (en) 1999-11-22 2003-04-01 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Loop structures for supporting diagnostic and therapeutic elements in contact with body tissue
US6418346B1 (en) 1999-12-14 2002-07-09 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for remote therapy and diagnosis in medical devices via interface systems
US6497655B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2002-12-24 Medtronic, Inc. Virtual remote monitor, alert, diagnostics and programming for implantable medical device systems
DE19963246A1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-06-21 Biotronik Mess & Therapieg Device for detecting the circulatory effects of extrasystoles
US6471645B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2002-10-29 Medtronic, Inc. Communications system for an implantable device and a drug dispenser
FR2803186B1 (en) 2000-01-05 2002-08-09 Guy Charvin METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING HEARING MESSAGE POTENTIALS
US6584358B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2003-06-24 Biowave Corporation Electro therapy method and apparatus
US6733446B2 (en) 2000-01-21 2004-05-11 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Ambulatory medical apparatus and method using a telemetry system with predefined reception listening periods
US6370434B1 (en) 2000-02-28 2002-04-09 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac lead and method for lead implantation
US6699200B2 (en) 2000-03-01 2004-03-02 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device with multi-vector sensing electrodes
US6556860B1 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-04-29 The Regents Of The University Of California System and method for developing a database of body surface ECG flutter wave data maps for classification of atrial flutter
AU2001249206A1 (en) 2000-03-15 2001-09-24 Cardiac Focus, Inc. Multi-electrode panel system for sensing electrical activity of the heart
US6615075B2 (en) 2000-03-15 2003-09-02 The Regents Of The University Of California QRST subtraction using an adaptive template for analysis of TU wave obscured atrial activity
US6895281B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2005-05-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Inductive coil apparatus for bio-medical telemetry
US6654638B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2003-11-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Ultrasonically activated electrodes
US6441747B1 (en) 2000-04-18 2002-08-27 Motorola, Inc. Wireless system protocol for telemetry monitoring
US6925328B2 (en) 2000-04-20 2005-08-02 Biophan Technologies, Inc. MRI-compatible implantable device
US6574511B2 (en) 2000-04-21 2003-06-03 Medtronic, Inc. Passive data collection system from a fleet of medical instruments and implantable devices
US6580948B2 (en) 2000-04-25 2003-06-17 Medtronic, Inc. Interface devices for instruments in communication with implantable medical devices
US6459937B1 (en) 2000-04-25 2002-10-01 Pacesetter, Inc. Endocardial pacing lead with detachable tip electrode assembly
US6522928B2 (en) 2000-04-27 2003-02-18 Advanced Bionics Corporation Physiologically based adjustment of stimulation parameters to an implantable electronic stimulator to reduce data transmission rate
CA2409111C (en) 2000-05-17 2005-12-27 Cook Vascular Incorporated Lead removal apparatus
WO2001097909A2 (en) 2000-06-14 2001-12-27 Medtronic, Inc. Deep computing applications in medical device systems
US6738670B1 (en) 2000-06-19 2004-05-18 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device telemetry processor
US6482154B1 (en) 2000-08-02 2002-11-19 Medtronic, Inc Long range implantable medical device telemetry system with positive patient identification
US6871099B1 (en) 2000-08-18 2005-03-22 Advanced Bionics Corporation Fully implantable microstimulator for spinal cord stimulation as a therapy for chronic pain
US6690959B2 (en) 2000-09-01 2004-02-10 Medtronic, Inc. Skin-mounted electrodes with nano spikes
WO2002020086A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2002-03-14 Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Engineering At The University Of Southern California Method and apparatus for control of bowel function
DE60143621D1 (en) 2000-09-13 2011-01-20 DEVICE FOR CONDITIONING MUSCLES IN SLEEP
WO2002032499A1 (en) 2000-09-14 2002-04-25 Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Engineering At The University Of Southern California Method and apparatus to treat disorders of gastrointestinal peristalsis
US6721597B1 (en) 2000-09-18 2004-04-13 Cameron Health, Inc. Subcutaneous only implantable cardioverter defibrillator and optional pacer
US6647292B1 (en) 2000-09-18 2003-11-11 Cameron Health Unitary subcutaneous only implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and optional pacer
US6850801B2 (en) 2001-09-26 2005-02-01 Cvrx, Inc. Mapping methods for cardiovascular reflex control devices
SE0003480D0 (en) 2000-09-27 2000-09-27 St Jude Medical Implantable heart stimulator
US6522926B1 (en) 2000-09-27 2003-02-18 Cvrx, Inc. Devices and methods for cardiovascular reflex control
DE60142178D1 (en) 2000-10-11 2010-07-01 Mann Alfred E Found Scient Res IMPROVED ANTENNA FOR AN IMPLANTED MEDICAL MINIATURE DEVICE
US6498951B1 (en) 2000-10-13 2002-12-24 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device employing integral housing for a formable flat battery
US6764446B2 (en) 2000-10-16 2004-07-20 Remon Medical Technologies Ltd Implantable pressure sensors and methods for making and using them
US6681135B1 (en) 2000-10-30 2004-01-20 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for employing temperature measurements to control the operation of an implantable medical device
US6684100B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-01-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Curvature based method for selecting features from an electrophysiologic signals for purpose of complex identification and classification
US6512959B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2003-01-28 Pacesetter, Inc. Double threaded stylet for extraction of leads with a threaded electrode
US6458145B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2002-10-01 Hatch Medical L.L.C. Intra vascular snare and method of forming the same
US6611710B2 (en) 2000-11-29 2003-08-26 Pacesetter, Inc. Double threaded stylet for extraction of leads with a threaded electrode
US6649078B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2003-11-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Thin film capillary process and apparatus
US6589187B1 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-07-08 Medtronic, Inc. Prioritized dynamic memory allocation of arrhythmia episode detail collection
US6689117B2 (en) 2000-12-18 2004-02-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Drug delivery system for implantable medical device
US6783499B2 (en) 2000-12-18 2004-08-31 Biosense, Inc. Anchoring mechanism for implantable telemetric medical sensor
US6746404B2 (en) 2000-12-18 2004-06-08 Biosense, Inc. Method for anchoring a medical device between tissue
US7254441B2 (en) 2000-12-21 2007-08-07 Medtronic, Inc. Fully inhibited dual chamber pacing mode
US6484057B2 (en) 2000-12-21 2002-11-19 Uab Research Foundation Pacing methods and devices for treating cardiac arrhythmias and fibrillation
US6584352B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2003-06-24 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless fully automatic pacemaker follow-up
US6697677B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2004-02-24 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for placing a medical electrical lead
US7146225B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2006-12-05 Medtronic, Inc. Methods and apparatus for accessing and stabilizing an area of the heart
US6445953B1 (en) 2001-01-16 2002-09-03 Kenergy, Inc. Wireless cardiac pacing system with vascular electrode-stents
US6735475B1 (en) 2001-01-30 2004-05-11 Advanced Bionics Corporation Fully implantable miniature neurostimulator for stimulation as a therapy for headache and/or facial pain
US6567680B2 (en) 2001-02-02 2003-05-20 Medical Data Electronics Disposable electro-cardiogram transmitter device and electrode node placement facilitator
US20020116029A1 (en) 2001-02-20 2002-08-22 Victor Miller MRI-compatible pacemaker with power carrying photonic catheter and isolated pulse generating electronics providing VOO functionality
US6848052B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2005-01-25 Activcard Ireland Limited High security personalized wireless portable biometric device
US6907293B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2005-06-14 Case Western Reserve University Systems and methods for selectively stimulating components in, on, or near the pudendal nerve or its branches to achieve selective physiologic responses
US6766203B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2004-07-20 Pacesetter, Inc. Body implantable lead with improved tip electrode assembly
US6592518B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2003-07-15 Kenergy, Inc. Cardiac monitoring system and method with multiple implanted transponders
US6912420B2 (en) 2001-04-10 2005-06-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac rhythm management system for hypotension
US6580946B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2003-06-17 Medtronic, Inc. Pressure-modulated rate-responsive cardiac pacing
US6901294B1 (en) 2001-05-25 2005-05-31 Advanced Bionics Corporation Methods and systems for direct electrical current stimulation as a therapy for prostatic hypertrophy
US6901296B1 (en) 2001-05-25 2005-05-31 Advanced Bionics Corporation Methods and systems for direct electrical current stimulation as a therapy for cancer and other neoplastic diseases
US7756582B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2010-07-13 Intrapace, Inc. Gastric stimulation anchor and method
US6716238B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2004-04-06 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Stent with detachable tethers and method of using same
US6468263B1 (en) 2001-05-21 2002-10-22 Angel Medical Systems, Inc. Implantable responsive system for sensing and treating acute myocardial infarction and for treating stroke
US6733485B1 (en) 2001-05-25 2004-05-11 Advanced Bionics Corporation Microstimulator-based electrochemotherapy methods and systems
US6472991B1 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-10-29 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Multichannel communication protocol configured to extend the battery life of an implantable device
US6792314B2 (en) 2001-06-18 2004-09-14 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Miniature implantable array and stimulation system suitable for eyelid stimulation
US6702857B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2004-03-09 Dexcom, Inc. Membrane for use with implantable devices
US6648823B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2003-11-18 Medtronic, Inc. Method and system of follow-up support for a medical device
US6823217B2 (en) 2001-08-21 2004-11-23 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for imparting curves in elongated implantable medical instruments
US6731979B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2004-05-04 Biophan Technologies Inc. Pulse width cardiac pacing apparatus
US6879695B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2005-04-12 Advanced Bionics Corporation Personal sound link module
US6786860B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2004-09-07 Advanced Bionics Corporation Hearing aid design
US6728574B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2004-04-27 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for patient-controlled relief of pain associated with electrical therapies
US6829508B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2004-12-07 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Electrically sensing and stimulating system for placement of a nerve stimulator or sensor
US6809507B2 (en) 2001-10-23 2004-10-26 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Implantable sensor electrodes and electronic circuitry
US6741886B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2004-05-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. ECG system with minute ventilation detector
US6862480B2 (en) 2001-11-29 2005-03-01 Biocontrol Medical Ltd. Pelvic disorder treatment device
US6961621B2 (en) 2001-12-04 2005-11-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Apparatus and method for stabilizing an implantable lead
US6768923B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2004-07-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Apparatus and method for ventricular pacing triggered by detection of early ventricular excitation
US6865420B1 (en) 2002-01-14 2005-03-08 Pacesetter, Inc. Cardiac stimulation device for optimizing cardiac output with myocardial ischemia protection
US6999821B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2006-02-14 Pacesetter, Inc. Body implantable lead including one or more conductive polymer electrodes and methods for fabricating same
US8364278B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2013-01-29 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Lead assembly for implantable microstimulator
TW536871B (en) 2002-01-31 2003-06-11 Elan Microelectronics Corp Wireless communication coding method for representing digital data with variable length signal
US7236821B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2007-06-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Chronically-implanted device for sensing and therapy
US6839596B2 (en) 2002-02-21 2005-01-04 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Magnet control system for battery powered living tissue stimulators
US7023359B2 (en) 2002-03-15 2006-04-04 Medtronic, Inc. Telemetry module with configurable physical layer for use with an implantable medical device
US6711440B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-03-23 Biophan Technologies, Inc. MRI-compatible medical device with passive generation of optical sensing signals
US7146222B2 (en) 2002-04-15 2006-12-05 Neurospace, Inc. Reinforced sensing and stimulation leads and use in detection systems
US6922330B2 (en) 2002-04-18 2005-07-26 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device having flat electrolytic capacitor fabricated with laser welded anode sheets
US20050038474A1 (en) 2002-04-30 2005-02-17 Wool Thomas J. Implantable automatic defibrillator with subcutaneous electrodes
US20040147973A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2004-07-29 Hauser Robert G. Intra cardiac pacer and method
EP2462983A1 (en) 2002-06-28 2012-06-13 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation Microstimulator having self-contained power source and bi-directional telemetry system
WO2004012810A1 (en) 2002-08-05 2004-02-12 Japan As Represented By President Of National Cardiovascular Center Subminiature integrated heart pace maker and dispersed heart pacing system
GB0220770D0 (en) 2002-09-06 2002-10-16 Ares Trading Sa Proteins
US6609023B1 (en) 2002-09-20 2003-08-19 Angel Medical Systems, Inc. System for the detection of cardiac events
US8303511B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2012-11-06 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable pressure transducer system optimized for reduced thrombosis effect
US7209790B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2007-04-24 Medtronic, Inc. Multi-mode programmer for medical device communication
US7103418B2 (en) 2002-10-02 2006-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. Active fluid delivery catheter
US7164950B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2007-01-16 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable stimulation device with isolating system for minimizing magnetic induction
US20040133242A1 (en) 2003-01-02 2004-07-08 Chapman Fred W. Medical device communication
US20040143262A1 (en) 2003-01-21 2004-07-22 Baylis Medical Company Inc. Surgical perforation device and method with pressure monitoring and staining abilities
US7013176B2 (en) 2003-01-28 2006-03-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and apparatus for setting pacing parameters in cardiac resynchronization therapy
US7158838B2 (en) 2003-01-31 2007-01-02 Medtronic, Inc. Arrangement for implanting a miniaturized cardiac lead having a fixation helix
US6869404B2 (en) 2003-02-26 2005-03-22 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for chronically monitoring heart sounds for deriving estimated blood pressure
GB0307866D0 (en) 2003-04-04 2003-05-14 Novartis Ag Pharmaceutical composition
US7082336B2 (en) 2003-06-04 2006-07-25 Synecor, Llc Implantable intravascular device for defibrillation and/or pacing
WO2005000398A2 (en) 2003-06-04 2005-01-06 Synecor Intravascular electrophysiological system and methods
US8060173B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2011-11-15 Dexcom, Inc. System and methods for processing analyte sensor data
EP1659921B1 (en) 2003-08-04 2016-05-11 Vision-Sciences, Inc. Sheath with channel for endoscope
US7289853B1 (en) 2003-08-28 2007-10-30 David Campbell High frequency wireless pacemaker
US6917833B2 (en) 2003-09-16 2005-07-12 Kenergy, Inc. Omnidirectional antenna for wireless communication with implanted medical devices
US6821154B1 (en) 2003-10-03 2004-11-23 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Electrical device connector and method therefor
US7017267B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2006-03-28 James Allen Carroll Method and apparatus for zone cabling
US7003350B2 (en) 2003-11-03 2006-02-21 Kenergy, Inc. Intravenous cardiac pacing system with wireless power supply
US8521284B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2013-08-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac response classification using multisite sensing and pacing
WO2005062823A2 (en) 2003-12-19 2005-07-14 Savacor, Inc. Digital electrode for cardiac rhythm management
US20050149138A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Xiaoyi Min System and method for determining optimal pacing sites based on myocardial activation times
US8938300B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2015-01-20 University Of Rochester Leadless implantable intravascular electrophysiologic device for neurologic/cardiovascular sensing and stimulation
US20050267555A1 (en) 2004-05-28 2005-12-01 Marnfeldt Goran N Engagement tool for implantable medical devices
US7630767B1 (en) 2004-07-14 2009-12-08 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for communicating information using encoded pacing pulses within an implantable medical system
US7212870B1 (en) 2004-09-16 2007-05-01 Pacesetter, Inc. Dual helix active fixation stimulation lead
US7493174B2 (en) 2004-09-23 2009-02-17 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical lead
US7200437B1 (en) 2004-10-13 2007-04-03 Pacesetter, Inc. Tissue contact for satellite cardiac pacemaker
US7647109B2 (en) 2004-10-20 2010-01-12 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Leadless cardiac stimulation systems
US7532933B2 (en) 2004-10-20 2009-05-12 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Leadless cardiac stimulation systems
US20060108335A1 (en) 2004-10-29 2006-05-25 Hailiang Zhao Laser penetration weld
US8818504B2 (en) 2004-12-16 2014-08-26 Cardiac Pacemakers Inc Leadless cardiac stimulation device employing distributed logic
US7558631B2 (en) 2004-12-21 2009-07-07 Ebr Systems, Inc. Leadless tissue stimulation systems and methods
EP1835964B1 (en) 2004-12-21 2016-03-09 EBR Systems, Inc. Leadless cardiac system for pacing and arrhythmia treatment
US20060161222A1 (en) 2005-01-15 2006-07-20 Haubrich Gregory J Multiple band communications for an implantable medical device
US7634313B1 (en) 2005-04-11 2009-12-15 Pacesetter, Inc. Failsafe satellite pacemaker system
US7565195B1 (en) 2005-04-11 2009-07-21 Pacesetter, Inc. Failsafe satellite pacemaker system
DE102005020071A1 (en) 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Biotronik Crm Patent Ag Pacemaker
US20060247750A1 (en) 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Seifert Kevin R Guide catheters for accessing cardiac sites
US7938851B2 (en) 2005-06-08 2011-05-10 Xtent, Inc. Devices and methods for operating and controlling interventional apparatus
US7711419B2 (en) 2005-07-13 2010-05-04 Cyberonics, Inc. Neurostimulator with reduced size
AU2006279641A1 (en) 2005-08-15 2007-02-22 Synecor, Llc Lead fixation and extraction
US9358400B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2016-06-07 Pacesetter, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker
WO2007059386A2 (en) 2005-11-10 2007-05-24 Medtronic, Inc. Intravascular medical device
US20070123923A1 (en) 2005-11-30 2007-05-31 Lindstrom Curtis C Implantable medical device minimizing rotation and dislocation
WO2007067231A1 (en) 2005-12-09 2007-06-14 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Cardiac stimulation system
WO2007068284A1 (en) 2005-12-12 2007-06-21 Synergio Ag Intra cardiac device, system and methods
US7627376B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2009-12-01 Medtronic, Inc. Intravascular medical device
US8403981B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-03-26 CardiacMC, Inc. Methods and devices for delivery of prosthetic heart valves and other prosthetics
WO2007103262A2 (en) 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Implanted cardiac device for defibrillation
US7809441B2 (en) * 2006-05-17 2010-10-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with chemical sensor and related methods
US20070276444A1 (en) 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Daniel Gelbart Self-powered leadless pacemaker
US20070293904A1 (en) 2006-06-20 2007-12-20 Daniel Gelbart Self-powered resonant leadless pacemaker
US20080004535A1 (en) 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Smits Karel F A A Implantable medical device with sensing electrodes
US7840281B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2010-11-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Delivery of cardiac stimulation devices
US9439581B2 (en) 2006-08-11 2016-09-13 Medtronic, Inc. Guided medical element implantation
US8992545B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2015-03-31 W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Implant-catheter attachment mechanism using snare and method of use
US20080091255A1 (en) 2006-10-11 2008-04-17 Cardiac Pacemakers Implantable neurostimulator for modulating cardiovascular function
WO2008058265A2 (en) 2006-11-08 2008-05-15 Emerge Medsystems Llc Transmuscular left ventricular cardiac stimulation leads and related systems and methods
ES2462741T3 (en) 2007-03-19 2014-05-26 Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation MRI and RF compatible cables and related cable operation and manufacturing methods
US20080262378A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-23 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable therapy delivery system having multiple temperature sensors
US20090082828A1 (en) 2007-09-20 2009-03-26 Alan Ostroff Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker with Secondary Fixation Capability
US20090082827A1 (en) 2007-09-26 2009-03-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Hinged anchors for wireless pacing electrodes
AU2009289474B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2015-09-03 Curaseal Inc. Inflatable devices for enteric fistula treatment
US8527068B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2013-09-03 Nanostim, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with secondary fixation capability
US8834361B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2014-09-16 Cook Medical Technologies Llc Systems, devices and methods for accessing a bodily opening
US8359098B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2013-01-22 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device with exposed generator
EP2448634A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2012-05-09 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device including mechanical stress sensor
US20110077708A1 (en) 2009-09-28 2011-03-31 Alan Ostroff MRI Compatible Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5029582A (en) * 1989-02-10 1991-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medical apparatus for stimulating a physiological event in a patient with a stimulation intensity automatically adapted to the physical activity of the patient and a method for adapting the stimulation intensity to the physical activity of the patient
US5336244A (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-08-09 Medtronic, Inc. Temperature sensor based capture detection for a pacer

Cited By (103)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9592391B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2017-03-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting cardiac arrhythmias
US10722720B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2020-07-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for improved communication between medical devices
US10390720B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2019-08-27 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing system including sensing extension
US10674928B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2020-06-09 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing system including sensing extension
USRE48197E1 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-09-08 Medtronic, Inc. Atrial contraction detection by a ventricular leadless pacing device for atrio-synchronous ventricular pacing
US9399140B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-07-26 Medtronic, Inc. Atrial contraction detection by a ventricular leadless pacing device for atrio-synchronous ventricular pacing
US9526909B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2016-12-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Medical device with triggered blanking period
US9492668B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-11-15 Medtronic, Inc. Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device
US9724519B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-08-08 Medtronic, Inc. Ventricular leadless pacing device mode switching
US9808628B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-11-07 Medtronic, Inc. Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device
US10279168B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2019-05-07 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing device implantation
US9492669B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-11-15 Medtronic, Inc. Mode switching by a ventricular leadless pacing device
US9623234B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2017-04-18 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing device implantation
US9289612B1 (en) 2014-12-11 2016-03-22 Medtronic Inc. Coordination of ventricular pacing in a leadless pacing system
US11224751B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2022-01-18 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for safe delivery of electrical stimulation therapy
US11020595B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2021-06-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias
US9669230B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2017-06-06 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias
US10220213B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2019-03-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for safe delivery of electrical stimulation therapy
US10238882B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2019-03-26 Cardiac Pacemakers Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias
US11020600B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2021-06-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with radiopaque ID tag
US10046167B2 (en) 2015-02-09 2018-08-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with radiopaque ID tag
US11285326B2 (en) 2015-03-04 2022-03-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmias
US10050700B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2018-08-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Communications in a medical device system with temporal optimization
US10213610B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2019-02-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Communications in a medical device system with link quality assessment
US10946202B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2021-03-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Communications in a medical device system with link quality assessment
US11476927B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2022-10-18 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Communications in a medical device system with temporal optimization
US10357159B2 (en) 2015-08-20 2019-07-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc Systems and methods for communication between medical devices
US9853743B2 (en) 2015-08-20 2017-12-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for communication between medical devices
US10709892B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-07-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Temporal configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device
US9956414B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2018-05-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Temporal configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device
US9968787B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2018-05-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Spatial configuration of a motion sensor in an implantable medical device
US10589101B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2020-03-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for detecting tamponade
US10226631B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2019-03-12 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for infarct detection
US10159842B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2018-12-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for detecting tamponade
US10137305B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2018-11-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for behaviorally responsive signal detection and therapy delivery
US10092760B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2018-10-09 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Arrhythmia detection and confirmation
US10065041B2 (en) 2015-10-08 2018-09-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Devices and methods for adjusting pacing rates in an implantable medical device
US10933245B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2021-03-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Conducted communication in a medical device system
US10183170B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2019-01-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Conducted communication in a medical device system
US10905886B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2021-02-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device for deployment across the atrioventricular septum
US10583303B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2020-03-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Devices and methods for wirelessly recharging a rechargeable battery of an implantable medical device
US10350423B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2019-07-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Delivery system with force sensor for leadless cardiac device
US11116988B2 (en) 2016-03-31 2021-09-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with rechargeable battery
US10668294B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2020-06-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker configured for over the wire delivery
US10328272B2 (en) 2016-05-10 2019-06-25 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Retrievability for implantable medical devices
US10512784B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2019-12-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac therapy system using subcutaneously sensed P-waves for resynchronization pacing management
US11497921B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2022-11-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac therapy system using subcutaneously sensed p-waves for resynchronization pacing management
US11207527B2 (en) 2016-07-06 2021-12-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and system for determining an atrial contraction timing fiducial in a leadless cardiac pacemaker system
US10426962B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2019-10-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless pacemaker using pressure measurements for pacing capture verification
US10688304B2 (en) 2016-07-20 2020-06-23 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and system for utilizing an atrial contraction timing fiducial in a leadless cardiac pacemaker system
US10391319B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2019-08-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Trans septal implantable medical device
US11464982B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2022-10-11 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Integrated multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy using p-wave to pace timing
US10870008B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2020-12-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac resynchronization using fusion promotion for timing management
US10780278B2 (en) 2016-08-24 2020-09-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Integrated multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy using P-wave to pace timing
US10994145B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2021-05-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable cardiac monitor
US10905889B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2021-02-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless stimulation device with a housing that houses internal components of the leadless stimulation device and functions as the battery case and a terminal of an internal battery
US10758737B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2020-09-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Using sensor data from an intracardially implanted medical device to influence operation of an extracardially implantable cardioverter
US10758724B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-09-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device delivery system with integrated sensor
US10413733B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2019-09-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with gyroscope
US11305125B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2022-04-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with gyroscope
US10434314B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2019-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Use of a separate device in managing the pace pulse energy of a cardiac pacemaker
US10463305B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2019-11-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Multi-device cardiac resynchronization therapy with timing enhancements
US10561330B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-02-18 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device having a sense channel with performance adjustment
US10765871B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-09-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with pressure sensor
US10617874B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2020-04-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for activity level pacing
US10434317B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2019-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for activity level pacing
US10583301B2 (en) 2016-11-08 2020-03-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device for atrial deployment
US10632313B2 (en) 2016-11-09 2020-04-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for setting cardiac pacing pulse parameters for a cardiac pacing device
US11147979B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-10-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with a magnetically permeable housing and an inductive coil disposed about the housing
US10639486B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2020-05-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with recharge coil
US10881863B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-01-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with multimode communication
US10881869B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-01-05 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Wireless re-charge of an implantable medical device
US10894163B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-01-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. LCP based predictive timing for cardiac resynchronization
US11207532B2 (en) 2017-01-04 2021-12-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Dynamic sensing updates using postural input in a multiple device cardiac rhythm management system
US10029107B1 (en) 2017-01-26 2018-07-24 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless device with overmolded components
US10737102B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2020-08-11 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless implantable device with detachable fixation
US10835753B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2020-11-17 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Intra-body device communication with redundant message transmission
US11590353B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2023-02-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Intra-body device communication with redundant message transmission
US10905872B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-02-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with a movable electrode biased toward an extended position
US10821288B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2020-11-03 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac pacemaker with pacing pulse energy adjustment based on sensed heart rate
US10918875B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2021-02-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with a flux concentrator and a receiving coil disposed about the flux concentrator
US11065459B2 (en) 2017-08-18 2021-07-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with pressure sensor
US11235163B2 (en) 2017-09-20 2022-02-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable medical device with multiple modes of operation
US11185703B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2021-11-30 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker for bundle of his pacing
US11260216B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2022-03-01 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials during ventricular filling from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker
US11813463B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2023-11-14 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Leadless cardiac pacemaker with reversionary behavior
US11052258B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2021-07-06 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials within a search window from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker
US11071870B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2021-07-27 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting atrial contraction timing fiducials and determining a cardiac interval from a ventricularly implanted leadless cardiac pacemaker
US10874861B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2020-12-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Dual chamber pacing without beat-to-beat communication
US11529523B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2022-12-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Handheld bridge device for providing a communication bridge between an implanted medical device and a smartphone
US11819699B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2023-11-21 Medtronic, Inc. VfA cardiac resynchronization therapy
US11235159B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2022-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. VFA cardiac resynchronization therapy
US11058880B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2021-07-13 Medtronic, Inc. VFA cardiac therapy for tachycardia
US11400296B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2022-08-02 Medtronic, Inc. AV synchronous VfA cardiac therapy
US11235161B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2022-02-01 Medtronic, Inc. Capture in ventricle-from-atrium cardiac therapy
US11679265B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-06-20 Medtronic, Inc. Lead-in-lead systems and methods for cardiac therapy
US11697025B2 (en) 2019-03-29 2023-07-11 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac conduction system capture
US11213676B2 (en) 2019-04-01 2022-01-04 Medtronic, Inc. Delivery systems for VfA cardiac therapy
US11712188B2 (en) 2019-05-07 2023-08-01 Medtronic, Inc. Posterior left bundle branch engagement
US11305127B2 (en) 2019-08-26 2022-04-19 Medtronic Inc. VfA delivery and implant region detection
US11813466B2 (en) 2020-01-27 2023-11-14 Medtronic, Inc. Atrioventricular nodal stimulation
US11911168B2 (en) 2020-04-03 2024-02-27 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac conduction system therapy benefit determination
US11813464B2 (en) 2020-07-31 2023-11-14 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac conduction system evaluation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2627403A1 (en) 2013-08-21
US8543205B2 (en) 2013-09-24
JP2013539713A (en) 2013-10-28
WO2012051237A1 (en) 2012-04-19
US20120089198A1 (en) 2012-04-12
CN103249452A (en) 2013-08-14
EP2627403A4 (en) 2014-03-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8543205B2 (en) Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US6248080B1 (en) Intracranial monitoring and therapy delivery control device, system and method
US9687655B2 (en) Temperature sensor for a leadless cardiac pacemaker
US6712772B2 (en) Low power consumption implantable pressure sensor
US9431312B2 (en) Wafer-scale package including power source
US7684872B2 (en) Contactless interconnect for transducers
US20090105557A1 (en) System having wireless implantable sensor
US5358514A (en) Implantable microdevice with self-attaching electrodes
US20030158584A1 (en) Chronically-implanted device for sensing and therapy
US20080312553A1 (en) Intracorporeal pressure measurement devices and methods
US20090024054A1 (en) Implantable medical device
JPH11500930A (en) Implantable medical device with sealed physiological parameter sensor or telemetry link
JP2015516265A (en) Extracorporeal unit for testing the insulation of wires in implantable medical devices
Yan et al. Ultracompliant carbon nanotube direct bladder device
EP1578247B1 (en) Low power consumption implantable pressure sensor
US8862235B1 (en) Brain implant device
US20150374296A1 (en) Nerve cuff stimulation electrode, control device for a vagus nerve stimulation system, and vagus nerve stimulation system
US20140277216A1 (en) Implantable device with opposing lead connectors
US10258436B2 (en) Method and system for transferring signals and materials between inside and outside body through oral cavity
US8209031B1 (en) Implantable lead for measuring physiologic information
Baker Jr et al. A Central Venous Temperature Sensing Lead: Une Électrode à Capteur de Température Veinuse Centrale

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: NANOSTIM, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OSTROFF, ALAN;REEL/FRAME:031272/0239

Effective date: 20111018

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION