US20150285259A1 - Filament-Wound Tip-Shrouded Axial Compressor or Fan Rotor System - Google Patents
Filament-Wound Tip-Shrouded Axial Compressor or Fan Rotor System Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150285259A1 US20150285259A1 US14/246,080 US201414246080A US2015285259A1 US 20150285259 A1 US20150285259 A1 US 20150285259A1 US 201414246080 A US201414246080 A US 201414246080A US 2015285259 A1 US2015285259 A1 US 2015285259A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- air
- rotor
- shroud
- stationary casing
- turbomachine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
- F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/164—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of an axial flow wheel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
- F01D5/24—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations using wire or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
- F04D29/324—Blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
- F05D2240/56—Brush seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
- F05D2300/6034—Orientation of fibres, weaving, ply angle
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
A filament-wound tip-shrouded axial compressor or fan rotor system is described that employs a brush seal to minimize the leakage of flow that has passed through the rotor from re-entering the rotor inlet region. A circumferential array of small orifices through the outer casing just behind the brush seal is further provided to allow a small flow of air between the rotating shroud and the casing in order to limit the temperature rise due to aerodynamic heating of the fluid immediately adjacent to the filament winding.
Description
- Not Applicable
- Not Applicable
- Not Applicable
- This invention pertains primarily to a new sealing approach applied to a filament-wound tip-shrouded axial fan or compressor rotor used in an aircraft turbine engine. Filament-wound tip-shrouded rotors have been constructed and tested previously. However, they have never been incorporated in a production engine due to poor performance because of excessive leakage of flowpath air from back to front across the rotor tip resulting from inadequate sealing. Seals previously used to inhibit this leakage were of the labyrinth or knife-edge type. Those seals require a finite running clearance, which permits limited leakage, for three reasons. First, all rotors increase in diameter as a function of rotational speed due to stress as they rise in speed from zero to their design speed range, while the surrounding casing diameter changes less, and primarily only as a function of casing temperature. Second, rotor vibrations caused by imbalance and radial excursions resulting from aircraft maneuvers both cause transient local changes in clearance during operation. Third, any physical rotor contact with the casing causes wear, increasing clearance further, and a severe rub can lead to catastrophic failure of the rotor and/or casing leading to engine failure.
- Brush seals have been used for several years to prevent leakage of fluids past rotating shafts. They offer an effectively zero-clearance option by incorporating a ring of tightly-packed flexible bristles that maintain light contact with the adjacent rotating surface. The flexibility of the bristle fibers allows for rotor growth, rotor vibration, and random radial perturbations while maintaining nearly zero clearance. Only recently have brush seals been developed to a degree that allows rubbing speeds as high as 500 meters/second (1640 feet/second). This is now adequate to provide an improved sealing solution for filament-wound, shrouded compressor or fan rotors as described in this invention.
- A secondary issue with this type of design has been control of the temperature to which the filament winding is exposed. The carbon filaments typically used for such a filament winding can withstand relatively high temperatures. However, these filaments must be embedded in a polymer matrix to bind them together. The highest allowable continuous operating temperature for any currently available polymer matrix is about 400 degrees Celsius. A narrow radial gap exists between a rotor tip shroud and the surrounding compressor or fan casing. Air trapped in this gap between the stationary casing and the rotating tip shroud is subjected to viscous forces. The rotor, because of viscous forces, accelerates air in contact with the rotating tip shroud. Hence it adds energy to that fluid in the form of momentum. The angular momentum of that fluid causes it to be centrifuged outward where it contacts the stationary outer casing where viscous forces reduce that momentum and convert it into an increase in static temperature. This is variously known as aerodynamic heating or windage heating. In theory, because of recirculation, and neglecting heat transfer through the structure and leakage to the surroundings, the temperature of the small amount of air trapped in the cavity between the rotor shroud and the adjacent casing could quickly reach infinity. Although as a practical matter this temperature could not go that high, it could easily exceed 400 degrees Celsius in some engines at some operating points unless a small and continuous supply of fresh air is allowed to purge the gap. Use of a better quality seal such as a brush seal would aggravate this problem. Air leaking across the rotor tip and re-entering the inlet limits the temperature increase in the tip cavity but has been shown to greatly detract from compressor or fan performance. The solution offered by this invention is to incorporate small bleed passages in the outer casing just downstream of the brush seal to allow a small amount of air that has passed through the compressor or fan rotor to flow back through the cavity, exit the outer casing and rejoin the free stream external to the engine.
- This invention is aimed at solving two problems experienced by filament-wound tip-shrouded axial compressor or fan rotors. The first goal is to reduce the amount of air that has passed through the rotor that recirculates back into the rotor inlet. The invention accomplishes this by using a brush seal placed near the leading edge of the rotor between the rotor and the outer casing. The second goal is to limit the temperature rise caused by aerodynamic heating of the air in the cavity between the rotor shroud and the outer casing. The invention accomplishes this by incorporating a ring of bleed orifices in the outer casing close to, but downstream of, the brush seal that permit a controlled amount of air that has passed through the rotor to flow through the cavity and exit the engine flowpath.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a filament-wound tip-shrouded axial compressor or fan rotor that shows the relationship of the various parts important to this invention. -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view ofFIG. 1 that shows the flowpath of the air used to limit the temperature of the filament winding. -
FIG. 3 is an isometric drawing providing an external view of the front portion of the outer casing adjacent to the rotor and shows the approximately uniform circumferential distribution of the bleed orifices also shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 . - Reference is now made to
FIG. 1 of the drawing showing all elements of this invention. Air, flowing from left to right, enters the axial compressor or fan rotor consisting of a multiplicity ofairfoils 10 distributed around a rotatinghub 12. All airfoils are attached to acircumferential shroud 14 at their outer extremity.Shroud 14 is wound with high-strength fibers 16, usually composed of carbon or graphite, which are held together and cemented to shroud 14 with a polymer matrix. - The pressure developed by the compressor or fan is contained at the outer diameter by
casing 18 that may consist of multiple parts. Since the purpose of a fan or compressor rotor is to increase the pressure of the gas flowing through it, in this case air, it is important to minimize the amount of air that has passed through theairfoils 10 from recirculating back into the inlet.Brush seal 20 serves this purpose, being clamped incasing 18 and with its brush fibers lightly contacting the outer surface ofcircumferential shroud projection 22. - Filament winding 16 and
casing 18 are separated by a small and necessary gap. A circumferentially-distributed array oforifices 24 is provided incasing 18 to allow a small portion of the air that has passed through the rotor blades to ventilate the gap and exit the casing in order to limit the temperature that the air in the gap reaches as a result of aerodynamic heating.FIG. 2 presents an enlarged view of that region.Arrows 26 in this figure illustrate the flow path of air throughorifices 24.FIG. 3 presents an isometric external view ofcasing 18 and illustrates the circumferential distribution oforifices 24. Although these orifices are depicted as drilled holes, their optimum shape and number will vary with the size and configuration of the engine to which this invention is applied.
Claims (4)
1. A turbomachine for compressing air comprising:
a stationary casing disposed about a longitudinal axis,
a rotor assembly mounted for rotation about the longitudinal axis, the rotor assembly having a plurality of blades, tips of the blades being coupled to an annular shroud, the annular shroud containing an axially-narrow external cylindrical metallic surface at its leading edge, the remainder of the shroud being wound with carbon filaments embedded in a polymer matrix and disposed with respect to the stationary casing so as to define a gap extending continuously between an outer surface of the annular shroud and an inner surface of the stationary casing,
and a seal structure attached to the stationary casing, comprised of a plurality of metallic fibers or brushes in light contact with said axially-narrow external cylindrical metallic surface at the leading edge of the rotor shroud, said fibers inclined at an approximately 45 degree angle leaning in the direction of rotor rotation
2. The turbomachine of claim 1 wherein a circumferentially-distributed array of orifices passing through the stationary casing is located aft of but close to said seal structure.
3. The turbomachine of claims 1 and 2 wherein a manifold is provided, collecting air emerging from said circumferentially-distributed array of orifices, said manifold ducting said air to any other location within the engine.
4. The turbomachine of claims 1 , 2 and 3 wherein the manifold of claim 3 ducts said air to a control valve modulating the quantity of flow of said air as a function of engine operating point.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/246,080 US20150285259A1 (en) | 2014-04-05 | 2014-04-05 | Filament-Wound Tip-Shrouded Axial Compressor or Fan Rotor System |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/246,080 US20150285259A1 (en) | 2014-04-05 | 2014-04-05 | Filament-Wound Tip-Shrouded Axial Compressor or Fan Rotor System |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150285259A1 true US20150285259A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
Family
ID=54209374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/246,080 Abandoned US20150285259A1 (en) | 2014-04-05 | 2014-04-05 | Filament-Wound Tip-Shrouded Axial Compressor or Fan Rotor System |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150285259A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3379087A1 (en) * | 2017-03-19 | 2018-09-26 | Piotr Szymanski | Compressor sealing ring |
US11142038B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2021-10-12 | Carrier Corporation | Labyrinth seal for fan assembly |
Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3095138A (en) * | 1957-05-28 | 1963-06-25 | Studebaker Corp | Rotating shroud |
US4526509A (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-07-02 | General Electric Company | Rub tolerant shroud |
US5518364A (en) * | 1993-03-27 | 1996-05-21 | Deutsche Forschungsanstalt For Luft-Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Method for the reduction of sound emission as well as for the improvement of the air output and the efficiency in an axial flow machine, and flow machine |
US5971400A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 1999-10-26 | General Electric Company | Seal assembly and rotary machine containing such seal assembly |
US6139019A (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-31 | General Electric Company | Seal assembly and rotary machine containing such seal |
US6173962B1 (en) * | 1995-12-09 | 2001-01-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | Brush seal |
US6223524B1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2001-05-01 | Diversitech, Inc. | Shrouds for gas turbine engines and methods for making the same |
US20010004145A1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-06-21 | Christopher Wright | Seal arrangement |
US6250879B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-06-26 | General Electric Company | Brush seal |
US6264425B1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2001-07-24 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Fluid-flow machine for compressing or expanding a compressible medium |
US6457719B1 (en) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-10-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Brush seal |
US6471472B1 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2002-10-29 | Siemens Canada Limited | Turbomachine shroud fibrous tip seal |
US6488471B1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-12-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Gas-turbine brush seals with permanent radial gap |
US6533284B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2003-03-18 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for cooling brush seals and seal components |
US7066468B2 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2006-06-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Shaft seal and gas turbine |
US8202039B2 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2012-06-19 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Blade shroud with aperture |
US8414254B2 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2013-04-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Sealing assembly for a turbine engine |
US8454023B2 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2013-06-04 | General Electric Company | Retractable seal system |
US20140212261A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-07-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Lightweight shrouded fan |
US20140301858A1 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2014-10-09 | Tsinghua University | Rotor device, turbine rotor device, and gas turbine and turbine engine having same |
-
2014
- 2014-04-05 US US14/246,080 patent/US20150285259A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3095138A (en) * | 1957-05-28 | 1963-06-25 | Studebaker Corp | Rotating shroud |
US4526509A (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-07-02 | General Electric Company | Rub tolerant shroud |
US5518364A (en) * | 1993-03-27 | 1996-05-21 | Deutsche Forschungsanstalt For Luft-Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Method for the reduction of sound emission as well as for the improvement of the air output and the efficiency in an axial flow machine, and flow machine |
US6173962B1 (en) * | 1995-12-09 | 2001-01-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | Brush seal |
US6223524B1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2001-05-01 | Diversitech, Inc. | Shrouds for gas turbine engines and methods for making the same |
US5971400A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 1999-10-26 | General Electric Company | Seal assembly and rotary machine containing such seal assembly |
US6264425B1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2001-07-24 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Fluid-flow machine for compressing or expanding a compressible medium |
US6139019A (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-31 | General Electric Company | Seal assembly and rotary machine containing such seal |
US6250879B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-06-26 | General Electric Company | Brush seal |
US20010004145A1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-06-21 | Christopher Wright | Seal arrangement |
US6471472B1 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2002-10-29 | Siemens Canada Limited | Turbomachine shroud fibrous tip seal |
US6457719B1 (en) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-10-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Brush seal |
US6488471B1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-12-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Gas-turbine brush seals with permanent radial gap |
US6533284B2 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2003-03-18 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for cooling brush seals and seal components |
US7066468B2 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2006-06-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Shaft seal and gas turbine |
US8414254B2 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2013-04-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Sealing assembly for a turbine engine |
US8202039B2 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2012-06-19 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Blade shroud with aperture |
US8454023B2 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2013-06-04 | General Electric Company | Retractable seal system |
US20140301858A1 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2014-10-09 | Tsinghua University | Rotor device, turbine rotor device, and gas turbine and turbine engine having same |
US20140212261A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-07-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Lightweight shrouded fan |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3379087A1 (en) * | 2017-03-19 | 2018-09-26 | Piotr Szymanski | Compressor sealing ring |
US11142038B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2021-10-12 | Carrier Corporation | Labyrinth seal for fan assembly |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |