US20160013930A1 - Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith - Google Patents
Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160013930A1 US20160013930A1 US14/617,588 US201514617588A US2016013930A1 US 20160013930 A1 US20160013930 A1 US 20160013930A1 US 201514617588 A US201514617588 A US 201514617588A US 2016013930 A1 US2016013930 A1 US 2016013930A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- encrypted
- bit stream
- elementary
- processing device
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/065—Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/14—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption
- H04N21/23476—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream encryption by partially encrypting, e.g. encrypting the ending portion of a movie
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
- H04N21/418—External card to be used in combination with the client device, e.g. for conditional access
- H04N21/4181—External card to be used in combination with the client device, e.g. for conditional access for conditional access
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/4405—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream decryption
- H04N21/44055—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving video stream decryption by partially decrypting, e.g. decrypting a video stream that has been partially encrypted
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
- H04N21/64715—Protecting content from unauthorized alteration within the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/24—Key scheduling, i.e. generating round keys or sub-keys for block encryption
Definitions
- the present invention relates to secure distribution and protection of content such as media content.
- IP Internet Protocol
- DTCP Digital Transmission Content Protection
- PES packetized elementary stream
- PES packets are large packets which encapsulate an Elementary Stream (ES) which comprises small structures such as slices, macro blocks, and motion vectors for video and compressed pulse code modulation (PCM) samples for audio.
- ES Elementary Stream
- PCM compressed pulse code modulation
- trick mode video operations are not able to operate on encrypted content because the framing information, such as the group of pictures (GOP) structure, is not available in the encrypted state. This implies that in order to perform trick mode operations such as fast forward, rewind, etc., the encrypted content must be decrypted and must reside in memory. This problem is particularly obstructive for DVD and Blu-Ray discs where content has to be decrypted to perform trick mode features. Certain operations such as storage of content to a Hard Disk (as in a PVR system) are also hampered because it is not possible to determine boundaries associated within the encrypted content on the Hard Disk without decrypting the content.
- GOP group of pictures
- the process of decrypting compressed content at the container level is an expensive process which involves multiple transfers to/from memory which requires additional memory buffers and consumes bandwidth. This introduces a security risk because clear compressed content resides in memory for a period of time.
- hackers attempt to read and export the compressed content, particularly in low end software only solutions where third party software operates in the same memory space that stores the content to be protected.
- This process can require additional H/W resources such as separate compression and encryption blocks. These are typically implemented as completely separate blocks which operate asynchronously requiring separate data paths and control interfaces.
- the process of decrypting compressed content also inserts latency because it requires additional time and overhead to manipulate the content between the various stages of compress/encrypt and decrypt/decode. This can force the system to operate on large blocks of data (i.e. large containers) which are generally not aligned to the native video/audio boundaries.
- FIG. 1 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an encryption processing device 124 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5-7 present schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 present flowchart representations of encryption algorithms in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 presents a block diagram representation of encapsulation of encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 ′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 13-15 present a block diagram representation of encrypted container formats in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 127 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a decryption processing device 224 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 20-22 present schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 ′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 227 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 227 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 227 ′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 229 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the encryption operation operates at the ES level.
- video processing device 125 includes an interface device 120 that receives elementary bit streams 100 from an encoder that includes compressed video and/or audio streams.
- a key storage device 126 stores one or more encryption keys.
- key storage device 126 is implemented via be a memory device that may be separate from or included within memory module 122 .
- Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
- the existing conditional access/digital rights management may be used to perform a key exchange and rights management to populate and/or share the keys from key storage device 126 .
- audio/video content can be encrypted at the ES level using the same key or keys which would traditionally be used at the (IP/TS/PES) container level, however different keys can also be employed, particularly in embodiments discussed later in conjunction with transcryption.
- the encryption processing device 124 retrieves the encryption key or keys from the key storage device 126 and directly encrypts the elementary bit streams 100 into encrypted elementary bit streams 102 .
- portions of the audio and video elementary bit streams are encrypted and other portions, such as header and control data are left unencrypted to facilitate the processing of the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 , while still encrypted.
- the encryption processing device 124 can encrypt the elementary streams 100 without encrypting framing data associated with the compressed video signal. This allows some operations, such as disc seek operations, trick play features, PVR functions, etc., to be performed without decrypting the stream.
- the encrypted elementary stream 102 is a container-agnostic encryption format that allows the audio and video content to be carried in any container (IP/TS/PES) without having to perform encryption at the container level.
- the encryption processing device 124 encrypts the elementary streams 100 without encrypting formatting data associated with container formats that may be employed to carry the compressed video signal.
- the encryption processing device 124 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.
- a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory, such as memory module 122 .
- Memory module 122 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices.
- Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
- the processing module implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry
- the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
- a particular bus architecture is shown that employs a single bus 130 , alternative architectures using direct connectivity between one or more modules and/or additional buses can likewise be implemented in accordance with the present invention.
- the video processing device 125 can be implemented in conjunction with a video encoder, transcoder or decoder that produces the elementary bit streams 100 . In this fashion, the video processing device 125 can embed the encryption operations within an encoder, transcoder or decoder which operates at the ES level. Further details, including optional implementations and additional functions and features are described in conjunction with FIGS. 2-17 that follow.
- FIG. 2 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- an elementary bit stream 110 is shown that carries a compressed video bit stream 20 in the payload.
- portions of the video bit stream 20 are separated by an initial start code sequence 10 such as (0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xTT) or other start code sequence and the next start code sequence 12 .
- the encrypted elementary bit stream 112 is formed from the same start code sequences 10 and 12 , but by encrypting the bit stream 20 into encrypted bit stream 22 .
- the video bit stream 20 includes encoded information pertaining to the Macro Blocks, Motion Vectors, Quantization Matrices, etc., of the frames and fields of the video signal. This portion is encrypted to protect the content of the video signal, but leaves framing information un-encrypted. In this fashion, the framing information for all layers of video distribution (i.e. all IP, TS, PES containers) would be left un-encrypted and only portions of the lowest level Elementary Stream (ES) would be encrypted. In this scenario the encrypted Video content would be un-usable but all the structural information involving framing and timing would be available so that the stream may be manipulated while in the encrypted state.
- ES bit stream there are several options as to which level or which portion of the ES bit stream to encrypt. It may be sufficient to only encrypt ES video sequences within I-frames as these are critical for decoding of P and B frames and if the I-frame is corrupted then the rest of the video frame will not decode properly. This would reduce the performance requirements because fewer bit sequences would have to be encrypted but it would require parsing of the video to detect I-frames. Another logical point to apply ES encryption for video would be at the slice level only as this is a conveniently identifiable sequence within the bit stream.
- FIG. 3 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- an elementary bit stream 114 is shown that carries a compressed audio bit stream 24 representing compressed PCM samples in the payload.
- portions of the audio bit stream 24 are separated by start fields such as header 25 and length 27 .
- the encrypted elementary bit stream 116 is formed from the same start fields but by encrypting the bit stream 24 into encrypted bit stream 26 .
- the encryption functions operate on the compressed audio PCM samples but leave all framing information un-encrypted.
- the framing information for all layers of audio distribution i.e. all IP, TS, PES containers
- ES Elementary Stream
- the encrypted Audio content would be un-usable but all the structural information involving framing and timing would be available so that the stream may be manipulated while in the encrypted state.
- FIG. 4 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an encryption processing device 124 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the encryption processing device 124 includes an elementary stream parser 150 that identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the elementary bit streams 100 and further that identifies a group of bits 152 between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence, such as next start code sequence 12 , is the next start code sequence after a start code sequence 10 , in a temporal ordering of an elementary bit stream.
- a bit stream segmenter 154 segments the group of bits 152 into one or more blocks 156 .
- the encryption module 158 encrypts blocks 156 into encrypted blocks 162 , based on the encryption key or keys 160 .
- the output formatter 164 generates the encrypted elementary bit stream or streams 102 from the encrypted blocks 162 by adding the headers, start code sequences, or other formatting to the stream.
- encryption processing device 124 can be described in conjunction with the examples presented in FIGS. 5-7 .
- FIGS. 5-7 present a schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- these examples are presented in conjunction with a video elementary bit stream such as elementary bit stream 110 .
- a video ES can present a challenge because the payload portion that includes video bit stream 20 can consist of a series of bits of undeterminant length, bracketed only by start code sequences such as (0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT) where: 0xTT is an 8 bit start code value; the start code sequences must always occur on 8 bit boundaries ⁇ which implies that bit sequences+padding also ocupy integral 8 bit boundaries; the 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT sequence may never appear within the bit sequence.
- the output of the elementary stream parser 150 is a group of bits 152 that falls between sucessive start code sequences.
- This group of bits 152 is segmented by bit stream segmenter 154 into blocks 156 .
- the group of bits 152 is 128 bit aligned can be segmented into a plurality of blocks 156 that are each 128 bits long.
- the encryption module 158 operates on each of the resulting blocks 156 via a base encryption algorithm, labeled “Encrypt-1”, such as an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm and more particularly, an electronic code book (ECB) as set forth in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197-2001 or via another encryption algorithm.
- Encrypt-1 such as an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm and more particularly, an electronic code book (ECB) as set forth in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197-2001 or via another encryption algorithm.
- the group of bits 152 is not 128 bit aligned but is longer than 128 bits.
- the bit stream segmenter 154 generates a plurality of blocks 156 that includes one or more standard blocks of standard length and a remainder block that is less than the standard length.
- the blocks 156 include several blocks of length 128 and a remainder block 156 that is less than 128 bits long.
- the encryption module 158 operates in a first encryption mode for the standard block and in a second encryption mode for the remainder block with the residual bits.
- the encryption module 158 encrypts the 128 bit blocks via the base encryption algorithm, and employs a second algorithm, labeled, “Encrypt-2” for the remainder block.
- the group of bits 152 has fewer bits than the standard block size, i.e. a 128 bit block and is encrypted using algorithm Encrypt-2.
- the group of bits 152 are encrypted without altering the start code sequence(s) which are left un-encrypted, but also encrypted in order to enforce the constraint that a start code sequence may not occur within the encrypted bit stream. This avoids inserting a false start code sequences that would be detected as a coding error when the elementary stream is processed, such as during decryption.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 present flowchart representations of encryption algorithms in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- an example of the Encrypt -1 algorithm is presented in FIG. 8 .
- the encryption module 158 performs a test on the encrypted blocks 162 for an occurrence of a false start sequence, and iteratively encrypts the block 156 again using the same encryption keys 160 , re-encrypting the encrypted blocks 162 iteratively until the encrypted blocks do not contain the false start sequence.
- step 40 the blocks 156 are encrypted via an encryption algorithm such as AES-ECB into encrypted blocks 162 .
- the Encrypt-1 algorithm tests the encrypted blocks 162 to detect the presence of a start code sequence or partial start code sequence. The test involves checking if the 0x00,0x00,0x01 sequence is detected anywhere in the 128 bit block or if the last bytes of the block form a 0x00,0x00,0x01 or 0x00,0x00 or a 0x00 sequence (i.e. if the last bits could be part of a start code sequence which spans 128 bit boundaries). If the start sequence is not detected, the algorithm proceeds to step 44 where the encrypted blocks 162 are accepted. If the sequence is detected then the encryption in step 40 is repeated (up to n times) until the sequence is not detected. In the simplest case the AES-ECB Encryption is performed only once.
- the probability that the encrypted blocks 162 are not accepted after n iterations can be found based on the following. There are 13 possible positions of the 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT start code sequence in the encrypted 128 bit block as set forth below:
- the test detects a Start Code sequence then the encryption is repeated up to n times, the probability that the start code sequence is detected after all n encryption iterations is
- the test is bounded to 16 iterations, it is guaranteed to complete in a bounded time.
- a similar test is performed with the knowledge that a complete or partial start code sequence must never occur in the un-encrypted ES stream.
- the decryption is repeated up to n times and if a start code sequence is detected then the decryption is repeated until no start code sequence is detected. This operates to reverse the iterative encryption process. For example, if the encryption process takes i iterations to find an acceptable set of encrypted blocks 162 , the decryption algorithm will likewise need to perform i decryption iterations to return to the original unencrypted data.
- step 46 the Encrypt-2 algorithm uses no encryption but just copies the small block (i.e. small residual blocks are copied). It should be noted that other embodiments, other encryption or scrambling could be employed on remainder/residual blocks.
- bit stream payload 24 of elementary bit stream 114 can be segmented into 128-bit blocks and classified into three cases similar to video ES encryption described above, one encryptional mode can be employed for encrypting complete 128 bit blocks and another encryption mode can be employed for encrypting smaller blocks or remainder/residual blocks of less than 128 bits.
- the encryption algorithms used in these two modes can be the same algorithms employed with encrypting video elementary streams or different algorithms.
- the AES-ECB algorithm can be used rather than the typical AES-CBC and the small block processing is simplified compared to the typical Cipher Block Stealing used in many standards. This is done intentionally to preserve a property of Video and Audio encoding where great effort has been involved to support error concealment i.e. simple coding errors are often undetectable in video and audio decode. If an AES-CBC style algorithm were used then single bit errors would propagate and affect large portions of the video and audio which is undesirable.
- the simple small block processing similarly is intentionally not chained to prior blocks as would be the case in cipher text stealing algorithms. In some cases however, a higher level of security may be desirable. In these cases a two stage encryption (as follows) is recommended.
- one technique to increase security is to use two stages of AES-128 in series with different keys in place of the Encrypt-1 and Decrypt-1 algorithms described above. In this way the cryptographic strength may be increased to 256 without increasing the width of the data operated on (i.e. the data is still 128 bits) to preserve the error concealment property.
- two keys used for the two stages of AES encryption and decryption should be different values to maximize security but they could be the same value.
- the security level of the algorithm would be increased but backwards compatibility to existing CA and DRM systems which deliver 128 bit keys can be preserved. Alternate approaches using some other symmetrical cipher (like DES, 3DES, etc . . . ) or other symmetric algorithm could also be employed to increase the level of security.
- FIG. 10 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 125 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the interface device 120 ′ includes an interface module that encapsulates the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport.
- the operation of an example interface module is presented in conjunction with FIG. 11 that follows.
- FIG. 11 presents a block diagram representation of encapsulation of encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the encrypted elementary bit streams can be encapsulated into the PES payload of packetized elementary stream 104 by adding a start code prefix, stream identifier (ID) length field, as well as optional stuffing bits, PES headers, error detection or correction codes and other control data.
- ID stream identifier
- the PES 104 can be optionally encapsulated further into the TS payload of transport stream 106 by adding a sync byte such as 0 ⁇ 47, a transport error indicator (TEI), a payload unit start indicator (PUSI), a transport priority (TP), a packet identifier (PID), a scrambling control field (SC), an adaptation field exist (AF), a continuity counter (CC), an adaptation field, and/or other header error detection or correction codes and/or other control data.
- a sync byte such as 0 ⁇ 47
- a transport error indicator (TEI) transport error indicator
- PUSI payload unit start indicator
- TP transport priority
- PID packet identifier
- SC scrambling control field
- AF adaptation field exist
- CC continuity counter
- the TS 106 can optionally be encapsulated further into the IP payload of IP packets 108 by adding an IP header and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) fields.
- CRC cyclic redundancy check
- the encrypted elementary bit stream 102 is directly encrypted.
- the framing information for all layers of audio/video distribution i.e. all IP, TS, PES containers
- IP, TS, PES the higher level containers will generally still be used (i.e. IP, TS, PES). In this case it can be useful to signal that the container carries ES encryption streams.
- the invalid state of 11 can be used to signal that the (TS/PES) container carries ES encrypted content. In this way a decoder could recognize that the A/V bit stream has been ES encrypted. It can also be useful to allocate unused bits in the TS and PES headers to signal the polarity for the encryption in cases where key cycling is desired. Unused bits in the TS container such as the Transport Priority bit or unused bits in the adaptation field may be used for TS. Unused bits in the PES container such as the PES priority bit in the PES header may be used. A single bit could be used to indicate the even or odd cycle of encryption. In this way existing CA and DRM systems can be used to manage rights and keys but the containers would carry ES encryption bit streams.
- FIG. 12 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 ′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the interface device 120 ′′ includes an interface module that receives a compressed video signal in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format.
- the interface module of interface device 120 ′′ de-encapsulates and decrypts the compressed video signal to produce the elementary bit stream 100 to be processed as previously described.
- processing device 125 ′′ can receive video signals produced by legacy devices that operate with conventional encrypted container formats.
- video processing devices 125 ′′ operates to transcrypt an encrypted container format to an encrypted elementary bit stream.
- a transcrypt device can receive encrypted content in one of the standard container formats (IP/TS/PES) which is protected by a conditional access (CA) or digital rights management (DRM). It can decrypt the protected content in its original container format then re-encrypt the content in encrypted ES format.
- the ES encrypted content may then be stored locally to a hard drive, used in a trick mode operation or transmitted to devices capable of decrypting the ES encrypted content.
- FIG. 24 the converse is also possible.
- ES encrypted content may be decrypted and then re-encrypted into encrypted IP/TS/PES containers.
- another option is to transcrypt ES encrypted content into ES encrypted content using a different or same key (perhaps operating on the ES content).
- FIGS. 13-15 present a block diagram representation of encrypted container formats in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 presents a packetized elementary stream with encrypted payload 142
- FIG. 14 presents a transport stream with encrypted payload 140
- FIG. 15 presents IP packets with encrypted payload 144 .
- the interface module 120 ′′ extracts the encrypted payload from the container format and decrypts the encrypted payload.
- multiple container formats are employed, multiple steps of de-encapsulation are required to extract the elementary bit stream 100 .
- FIG. 16 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 125 ′′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the interface device 120 ′ includes a first interface module as described in conjunction with FIG. 12 that receives a compressed video signal in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format.
- This interface module of interface device 120 ′′ de-encapsulates and decrypts the compressed video signal to produce the elementary bit stream 100 to be processed as previously described.
- processing device 125 ′′ can receive video signals produced by legacy devices that operate with conventional encrypted container formats.
- the interface device 120 ′ further includes a second interface module as described in conjunction with FIG. 10 that encapsulates or re-encapsulates the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport.
- a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport.
- the input and output container formats may be the same format or different format, depending on the implementation.
- FIG. 17 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 127 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 125 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the video processing device 127 includes an encoder/transcoder 128 for further encoding or transcoding the video signal 98 from an uncompressed audio/video format to produce elementary bit streams 100 in a compressed audio/video format or from one compressed audio/video format to produce elementary bit streams 100 in another compressed audio/video format.
- the video processing device 127 embeds the encryption operation within the encoder, transcoder or decoder that operates at the ES level.
- the video processing device produces a container-agnostic encryption format in that the A/V content is encrypted at the ES level and may be carried in any container (IP/TS/PES) without having to perform encryption at the container level.
- the video processing device 127 can receive a video signal 98 in the form of clear un-compressed content formatter as YUV/PCM.
- the encoder/transcoder 128 receives the un-compressed content, compresses the content into elementary bit streams 100 in selected compressed audio and video formats, and then automatically encrypts these ES into an encrypted elementary bits streams 102 . Further, as part of this single atomic operation, the video processing device 127 can write the encrypted elementary bits streams 102 to memory module 122 to protect the integrity of the content while stored.
- FIG. 18 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- video processing device 225 operates similarly, but in a reciprocal fashion to video processing device 125 .
- Video processing device 225 includes a key storage device 226 , similar to key storage device 126 , for storing at least one decryption key.
- Decryption processing device 224 retrieves the at least one decryption key from the key storage device and decrypts the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream into at least one elementary bit stream 200 .
- first portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted.
- elementary bit streams 200 should be equivalent to the elementary bit streams 100 .
- the decryption processing device 224 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.
- a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory, such as memory module 222 .
- Memory module 222 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices.
- Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
- the processing module implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry
- the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
- a particular bus architecture is shown that employs a single bus 230 , alternative architectures using direct connectivity between one or more modules and/or additional buses can likewise be implemented in accordance with the present invention.
- the video processing device 225 can be implemented in conjunction with a video decoder or transcoder that produces the elementary bit streams 200 . In this fashion, the video processing device 225 can embed the decryption operations within a decoder, transcoder or encoder which operates at the ES level. Further details, including optional implementations and additional functions and features are described in conjunction with FIGS. 19-34 that follow.
- FIG. 19 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a decryption processing device 224 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the decryption processing device 224 includes an elementary stream parser 250 that identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 and further that identifies a group of bits 252 between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence, is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence, in a temporal ordering of the encrypted elementary bit stream.
- a bit stream segmenter 254 segments the group of bits 252 into one or more blocks 256 .
- the decryption module 258 encrypts blocks 256 into decrypted blocks 262 , based on the decryption key or keys 260 .
- the output formatter 264 generates the elementary bit stream or streams 100 from the decrypted blocks 262 by adding the headers, start code sequences, or other formatting to the stream.
- encryption processing device 124 can be described in conjunction with the examples presented in FIGS. 20-22 .
- FIGS. 20-22 present schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- these examples are presented in conjunction with a video elementary bit stream such as elementary bit stream 110 .
- the payload portion can consist of a series of bits of undeterminant length, bracketed only by start code sequences such as (0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT) where: 0xTT is an 8 bit start code value; the start code sequences must always occur on 8 bit boundaries -- which implies that bit sequences+padding also ocupy integral 8 bit boundaries; and the 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT sequence may not otherwise appear, 8-bit aligned within the bit sequence.
- the output of the elementary stream parser 250 is a group of bits 252 that falls between sucessive start code sequences.
- This group of bits 252 is segmented by bit stream segmenter 254 into blocks 256 .
- the group of bits 252 is 128 bit aligned and can be segmented into a plurality of blocks 256 that are each 128 bits long.
- the decryption module 158 operates on each of the resulting blocks 156 via a base decryption algorithm, labeled “decrypt-1”, that performs the reciprocal operation to the base encryption algorithm used to encrypt this block. Accordingly, the decryption can employ an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) decryption algorithm and more particularly an electronic code book (ECB) as set forth in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197-2001.
- AES Advanced Encryption Standard
- EBC electronic code book
- the group of bits 252 is not 128 bit aligned but is longer than 128 bits.
- the bit stream segmenter 254 generates a plurality of blocks 256 that includes one or more standard blocks of standard length and a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length.
- the blocks 256 include several blocks of length 128 and a remainder block 256 that is less than 128 bits long.
- the decryption module 258 operates in a first encryption mode for the standard block and in a second encryption mode for the remainder block with the residual bits.
- the decryption module 258 decrypts the 128 bit blocks via the base decryption algorithm, and employs a second algorithm, labeled, “decrypt-2” for the remainder block.
- the encrypt-2 algorithms can be a simple pass through that leaves the residual/remainder block unencrypted.
- the decrypt-2 algorithm can also be a simple pass through that copies the encrypted bits in the residual block.
- the group of bits 252 has fewer bits than the standard block size, i.e. a 128 bit block and is encrypted using algorithm decrypt-2. It should be noted that the above examples present one possible segmentation procedure for the group of bits 252 . Other segmentations including the use of other block sizes could be employed—depending on the operation of bit stream segmenter 154 .
- FIG. 23 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the interface device 220 ′ includes an interface module that de-encapsulates the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 from a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP.
- FIG. 24 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 ′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the interface device 220 ′′ includes an interface module that generates a compressed video signal in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format.
- the interface module of interface device 120 ′′ encrypts and encapsulates the elementary bit stream 200 after decryption for storage or transport.
- processing device 225 ′′ can produce video signals compatible with legacy devices that operate with conventional encrypted container formats.
- FIG. 25 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 225 ′′' in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the interface device 120 ′ includes a first interface module as described in conjunction with FIG. 23 that receives encrypted elementary streams 102 in a container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format.
- This interface module of interface device 120 ′′ de-encapsulates the compressed video signal for decryption to produce the elementary bit stream 200 .
- the interface device 120 ′ further includes a second interface module as described in conjunction with FIG. 10 that encapsulates or re-encapsulates and encrypts the elementary bit streams 200 in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport.
- an encrypted container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport.
- the input and output container formats may be the same format or different format, depending on the implementation.
- video processing devices 125 ′ and 225 ′′′ operate to transcrypt an encrypted container format to and from an encrypted elementary bit stream.
- a transcript device can receive encrypted content in one of the standard container formats (IP/TS/PES) which is protected by a conditional access (CA) or digital rights management (DRM). It will decrypt the protected content in its original container format then re-encrypt the content in ES format.
- the ES encrypted content may then be stored locally to a Hard Drive, used in a Trick Mode operation or transmitted to devices capable of decrypting the ES encrypted content.
- ES encrypted content may be decrypted then re-encrypted into IP/TS/PES containers.
- Another option is to transcript ES encrypted content into ES encrypted content using a different or same key (perhaps operating on the ES content).
- FIG. 26 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 227 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the video processing device 227 includes a decoder 228 for decoding the elementary bit streams 200 into an uncompressed video signal 96 .
- the video processing device 227 embeds the decryption operation within the decoder that operates at the ES level. For example, the video processing device 227 receives an encrypted elementary bit stream that is decrypted and decoded in a single atomic operation to produce an uncompressed video signal 96 in the form of clear un-compressed content formatted as YUV/PCM.
- FIG. 27 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 227 ′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the video processing device 227 ′ includes an encryption processing device 124 that retrieves at least one encryption key from the key storage device 226 , and that directly encrypts the at least one elementary bit stream into a transcrypted elementary bit stream.
- a transcrypted elementary bit stream 204 can be produced from an encrypted elementary bit stream that is in the same elementary stream format, but is encrypted in a different encryption format or simply with a different encryption key.
- FIG. 28 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 227 ′′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a further embodiment of video processing device 227 ′ is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals.
- the video processing device 227 ′′ includes a transcoder 232 for transcoding the elementary bit streams 200 into a transcoded elementary bit stream 202 in a differing audio and/or video compression format.
- the encrypted elementary bit stream is decrypted by decryption processing device 224 into elementary bit stream 200 .
- Transcoder 232 partially or fully decodes the elementary bit streams 200 to create a transcoded elementary bit stream.
- Encryption processing device 124 produces a transcoded encrypted elementary bit streams 202 from the transcoded elementary bit stream. It should be noted that the transcoded encrypted elementary bit streams 202 can be encrypted with the same key and encryption methodology as the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 or optionally, can be transcrypted to a new encryption methodology or using one or more new encryption keys.
- the video processing device 227 ′′ embeds the encryption and decryption operations within the transcoder that operates at the ES level. For example, the video processing device 227 ′′ receives an encrypted elementary bit stream that is decrypted, transcoded and re-encrypted in a single atomic operation.
- FIG. 29 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device 229 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- video processing device 229 includes video splicer 234 that receives a plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams ( 102 , 103 , . . .) that contain a corresponding plurality of video programs.
- the video splicer 234 splices the plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams ( 102 , 103 , . . .) into a single combined encrypted elementary bit stream 206 containing a combined video program that is a concatenation of the corresponding plurality of video programs.
- the video splicer 234 can generate a combined ES encrypted stream without having to decrypt either of the input ES encrypted streams. Note that decryption and re-encryption may, never the less, be employed via optional inclusion of encryption processing device 124 and decryption processing device 224 to transcrypt one or the encrypted elementary bit streams ( 102 , 103 , . . .) to match the encryption employed by other bit stream or streams or to transcrypt the combined encrypted elementary bit stream 206 with either the same or a different key.
- FIG. 30 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-29 .
- step 400 at least one encryption key is retrieved from a key storage device.
- step 402 the at least one elementary bit stream is directly encrypted into at least one encrypted elementary bit stream.
- step 402 operates without encrypting formatting data associated with at least one container format associated with the compressed video signal and without encrypting framing data associated with the compressed video signal.
- Step 402 can include parsing the at least one elementary bit stream parser to identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the at least one elementary bit stream and further to identifies a group of bits between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence in a temporal ordering of the at least one elementary bit stream.
- the group of bits can be segmented into at least one block and the at least one block can be encrypted into at least one encrypted block based on the at least one encryption key.
- the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream can be generated from the at least one encrypted block.
- Step 402 can also include testing the at least one encrypted block for an occurrence of a false start sequence.
- the at least one encrypted block includes the false start sequence, iteratively encrypting the at least one block until the at least one encrypted block does not contain the false start sequence.
- the at least one block can includes at least one standard block of standard length and a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length.
- step 402 s can include operating in a first encryption mode for the at least one standard block and a second encryption mode for the remainder block.
- FIG. 31 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-30 wherein the at least one elementary bit stream includes a plurality of elementary bit streams containing a corresponding plurality of video programs, and the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream includes a plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams containing the corresponding plurality of video programs.
- the plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams are spliced into a single combined encrypted elementary bit stream containing a combined video programs that is a concatenation of the corresponding plurality of video programs.
- FIG. 32 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-31 .
- step 420 at least one decryption key is retrieved from a key storage device.
- step 422 at least one encrypted elementary bit stream is decrypted into at least one elementary bit stream, wherein first portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted.
- step 422 includes: identifying a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream and further that identifying a group of bits between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence in a temporal ordering of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream; segmenting the group of bits into at least one block; decrypting the at least one block into at least one decrypted block based on the at least one decryption key; and generating the at least one elementary bit stream from the at least one decrypted block.
- the at least one block can includes at least one standard block of standard length and a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length and wherein decrypting the at least one block operates in a first decryption mode for the at least one standard block and a second decryption mode for the remainder block.
- Step 422 can also include testing the at least one decrypted block for an occurrence of a false start sequence. When the at least one decrypted block includes the false start sequence, iteratively decrypting the at least one block until the at least one decrypted block does not contain the false start sequence.
- FIG. 33 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-32 .
- step 430 the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream is de-encapsulated from a container format.
- FIG. 34 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-33 .
- step 440 the at least one elementary bit stream is encapsulated and encrypted into an encrypted container format.
- Raw YUV and PCM samples can be encoded using various A/V codec(s) and the ES is encrypted as part of the encode pipeline for distribution, transport, storage or other processing.
- the A/V encrypted and encoded ES can be decrypted and decoded to raw YUV and PCM samples as part of the decode pipeline.
- A/V content encrypted using one of the existing container formats (IP/TS/PES) can be decrypted then re-encrypted using the encrypted ES format.
- ES encrypted A/V content can be decrypted then re-encrypted to one of the existing container formats (IP/TS/PES).
- ES Encrypted A/V content can be stored on a Hard Disk to facilitate a PVR application because header and framing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content.
- Multiple Encrypted A/V ES can be spliced seamlessly by a slicing application because timing and framing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content.
- ES Encrypted A/V content can be stored in memory and a trick mode application is facilitated because header and framing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content.
- ES Encrypted A/V content can be stored in memory or on disk and a streaming application is facilitated because header, framing and timing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content.
- ES Encrypted A/V content is compatible with existing CA and DRM systems in that the CA and DRM Key exchange and Rights management mechanism(s) may remain unchanged with the key typically used to decrypt the A/V content in (IP/TS/PES) container form used to encrypt/decrypt the A/V content at the ES level.
- the encrypted elementary bit streams described herein can be used in conjunction with one or more networks or other connections such as the Internet, another wide area network, broadband wireless or terrestrial networks such as satellite, cable, cellular, or telephone company networks, or other public or private networks.
- Any of the video processing devices described herein can be employed at any point in a content generation and deliver system from a content source, to one or more content delivery servers or headends, cloud devices, edge devices or other network devices, home gateways, set top boxes, and client devices, either fixed or mobile. More particularly, the client devices can be set top boxes, televisions, personal computers, smart phones, internet tablets or other client devices that receive content originating from a content source.
- One aspect of the security improvement associated with ES encryption is that low level operations may be performed atomically in a single device.
- a decoder can perform an atomic Read/Decrypt/Decode/Write to Memory operation
- an encoder can perform an atomic Read/Encode/Encrypt/Write to Memory operation
- a transcoder can perform a Read from Memory/Decrypt/Transcode/Encrypt/Write to Memory operation, etc.
- ES encryption atomicity employs a hardware engine that securely encrypts an elementary bit stream that is written to a shared memory. The ES data is read from the processor's cache memory and encrypted.
- a hardware engine can be implemented to securely decrypt an elementary bit stream that is read from shared memory, decrypted and written into a processor's cache memory.
- Audio ES decryption/encryption since this is typically performed by and audio DSP. This would block other processors within the system from having access to the decrypted ES content.
- a more sophisticated mechanism would involve adding H/W mechanisms which read/writes encrypted ES content from/to a shared memory, securely perform the decryption/encryption and passes the clear ES content to/from the H/W Decoder/Encoder/Transcoder via a shared internal buffer. This would also block other processors within the system from having access to the decrypted ES content.
- FIGS. 1-32 reduces memory utilization and bandwidth because the content encryption/decryption is embedded within the encode/decode codec there is no need for additional memory buffers (i.e. reduces memory utilization) and there are fewer read/write operation (i.e. reduced memory bandwidth).
- the security risk is reduced because the clear compressed content never resides in memory (i.e. the decryption/decode operations are handled atomically within the A/V Codec's). Latency can be reduced because the content is encrypted/decrypted at the ES level embedded within the A/V encode/decode codec's there is no need for additional handling of the content and thus there is far less latency and s/w overhead involved.
- the ES encrypted compressed content can be parsed and used directly in a trick mode application because all the framing information is available.
- the ES encrypted compressed content may be securely stored on Hard Disk and can be parsed and s/w can seek through files, the encrypted content may be used directly in PVR applications because all the framing information is available.
- the ES encrypted compressed content can be sent to 3 rd party devices, and because the decryption occurs within the codec, the clear compressed content is not exposed in memory.
- the ES encrypted compressed content can be parsed to determine appropriate splice points and so it is relatively simple to splice ES encrypted streams without having to decrypt them.
- FIG. 35 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a video processing device is presented for processing video data 498 .
- this video processing device protects the security of data via encryption when it is stored on a memory device 506 during processing.
- memory input/output (I/O) includes encryption and decryption as part of an atomic operation to receive uncompressed video data 498 and to generate encoded video data 514 .
- a key generator 520 generates or otherwise stores and retrieves an encryption key 522 and a decryption key 524 .
- An interface device 500 receives the video data 498 in a media format and automatically encrypts the video data 498 via encryption module 502 into encrypted video data 504 based on the encryption key 522 and stores the encrypted video data 504 in the memory device 506 .
- a video encoder 510 automatically decrypts the encrypted video data 504 , via decryption module 512 based on the corresponding decryption key 524 when retrieving the video data from the memory device 506 in conjunction with an encoding of the video signal into encoded video data 514 .
- the video data 498 can include digital audio data.
- the media format of the video data 498 can high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital A/V data formats.
- HDMI high-definition multimedia interface
- I2S inter-integrated circuit sound
- memory device 506 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices.
- a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
- the key generator 520 can be implemented as part of or separate from the memory device 506 .
- the interface device 500 and video encoder 510 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.
- a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory.
- the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
- FIG. 36 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a video processing device is presented for processing video data 528 .
- this video processing device protects the security of data via encryption when it is stored on a memory device 536 during processing.
- memory input/output (I/O) includes encryption and decryption as part of an atomic operation to receive encoded video data 528 and to generate decoded and formatted video data 544 .
- the video processing device includes a key generator 520 for generating an encryption key and a corresponding decryption key.
- a video decoder 530 decodes the video data, automatically encrypts the decoded video data via encryption module 532 into encrypted video data 534 based on the encryption key 522 and stores the encrypted video data in the memory device 536 .
- An interface device 540 automatically decrypts the encrypted video data 534 via decryption module 542 , based on the corresponding decryption key 524 when retrieving the encrypted video data 534 from the memory device 536 in conjunction with formatting the video data in a media format.
- the formatted video data 544 can include digital audio data.
- the media format of the formatted video data 544 can high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital AN data formats.
- HDMI high-definition multimedia interface
- I2S inter-integrated circuit sound
- memory device 536 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices.
- a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
- the key generator 520 can be implemented as part of or separate from the memory device 536 .
- the interface device 540 and video decoder 530 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.
- a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory.
- the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
- FIG. 37 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1 - 34 .
- step 600 an encryption key and a corresponding decryption key are generated.
- step 602 the video data is received in a media format via an interface device.
- step 604 the video data are automatically encrypted into encrypted video data based on the encryption key when the unencrypted video data is received via the interface device, and storing the encrypted video data in a memory device.
- the encrypted video data are automatically decrypted based on the corresponding decryption key when retrieving the video data from the memory device in conjunction with an encoding of the video signal by a video encoder.
- the video data can include digital audio data.
- the media format of the video data can be high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital A/V data formats.
- HDMI high-definition multimedia interface
- I2S inter-integrated circuit sound
- FIG. 38 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-34 .
- step 610 an encryption key and a corresponding decryption key are generated.
- step 612 the video data are decoded via a video decoder.
- step 614 the decoded video data are automatically encrypted into encrypted video data based on the encryption key when the unencrypted video data is decoded via the video decoder, and the encrypted video data are stored in a memory device.
- the encrypted video data are automatically decrypted based on the corresponding decryption key when retrieving the video data from the memory device in conjunction with a formatting of the video signal in a media format via an interface device.
- the formatted video data can include digital audio data.
- the media format of the formatted video data can high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital A/V data formats.
- HDMI high-definition multimedia interface
- I2S inter-integrated circuit sound
- the terms “substantially” and “approximately” provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences.
- the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level.
- inferred coupling i.e., where one element is coupled to another element by inference
- the term “operable to” or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items.
- the term “associated with”, includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item being embedded within another item.
- the term “compares favorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that signal 1 has a greater magnitude than signal 2 , a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude of signal 1 is greater than that of signal 2 or when the magnitude of signal 2 is less than that of signal 1 .
- processing module may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.
- a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions.
- the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may be, or further include, memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of another processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit.
- a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
- processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
- the memory element may store, and the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures.
- Such a memory device or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.
- the present invention may have also been described, at least in part, in terms of one or more embodiments.
- An embodiment of the present invention is used herein to illustrate the present invention, an aspect thereof, a feature thereof, a concept thereof, and/or an example thereof.
- a physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process that embodies the present invention may include one or more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein.
- the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or different ones.
- signals to, from, and/or between elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein may be analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-ended or differential.
- signals to, from, and/or between elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein may be analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-ended or differential.
- a signal path is shown as a single-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path.
- a signal path is shown as a differential path, it also represents a single-ended signal path.
- module is used in the description of the various embodiments of the present invention.
- a module includes a processing module, a functional block, hardware, and/or software stored on memory for performing one or more functions as may be described herein. Note that, if the module is implemented via hardware, the hardware may operate independently and/or in conjunction software and/or firmware.
- a module may contain one or more sub-modules, each of which may be one or more modules.
Abstract
A video processing device for decrypting a compressed video signal includes a key storage device for storing at least one decryption key. An decryption processing device retrieves the at least one decryption key from the key storage device, and decrypts an encrypted elementary bit stream into at least one elementary bit stream, wherein first portions of the encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted.
Description
- The present U.S. Utility Patent Application claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 13/423,981, entitled “CONTAINER AGNOSTIC DECRYPTION DEVICE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREWITH”, filed Mar. 19, 2012, which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/596,549, entitled “CONTAINERS AGNOSTIC COMPRESSION”, filed Feb. 8, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/604,228, entitled “ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION DEVICE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREWITH,” filed Feb. 28, 2012, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made part of the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes.
- The present invention relates to secure distribution and protection of content such as media content.
- Currently the delivery of Encryption Video/Audio Compressed content is managed with a variety of container formats. Examples of such container formats are encrypted Internet Protocol (IP) packets such as used in IP TV, Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP), etc. In this case the payload of IP packets contain several transport stream (TS) packets and the entire payload of the IP packet is encrypted. Other examples of container formats include encrypted TS streams used in Satellite/Cable Broadcast, etc. In these cases the payload of TS packets contain packetized elementary stream (PES) packets. Again, the entire payload of the container format, i.e. the TS packet, is encrypted. Further digital video discs (DVDs) and Blu-Ray Discs (BDs) utilize PES streams where the payload of each PES packet is encrypted. Note that PES packets are large packets which encapsulate an Elementary Stream (ES) which comprises small structures such as slices, macro blocks, and motion vectors for video and compressed pulse code modulation (PCM) samples for audio.
- The processing of encrypted container streams must be performed at various stages of video distribution. Certain operations such as trick mode video operations are not able to operate on encrypted content because the framing information, such as the group of pictures (GOP) structure, is not available in the encrypted state. This implies that in order to perform trick mode operations such as fast forward, rewind, etc., the encrypted content must be decrypted and must reside in memory. This problem is particularly obstructive for DVD and Blu-Ray discs where content has to be decrypted to perform trick mode features. Certain operations such as storage of content to a Hard Disk (as in a PVR system) are also hampered because it is not possible to determine boundaries associated within the encrypted content on the Hard Disk without decrypting the content. This often involves extra work to decrypt content, parse clear content and record index files with pointers into the containers on disk. In addition, other operations such as splicing of two streams are hampered because it is not possible to determine boundaries associated within the encrypted content. This requires that both streams be decrypted in order to perform correct splicing.
- The process of decrypting compressed content at the container level is an expensive process which involves multiple transfers to/from memory which requires additional memory buffers and consumes bandwidth. This introduces a security risk because clear compressed content resides in memory for a period of time. There are various attacks where hackers attempt to read and export the compressed content, particularly in low end software only solutions where third party software operates in the same memory space that stores the content to be protected. This process can require additional H/W resources such as separate compression and encryption blocks. These are typically implemented as completely separate blocks which operate asynchronously requiring separate data paths and control interfaces.
- The process of decrypting compressed content also inserts latency because it requires additional time and overhead to manipulate the content between the various stages of compress/encrypt and decrypt/decode. This can force the system to operate on large blocks of data (i.e. large containers) which are generally not aligned to the native video/audio boundaries.
- The limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art through comparison of such systems with the present invention.
-
FIG. 1 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 presents a schematic block diagram representation of anencryption processing device 124 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 5-7 present schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 8 and 9 present flowchart representations of encryption algorithms in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 10 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 11 presents a block diagram representation of encapsulation of encryptedelementary bit streams 102 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 12 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 13-15 present a block diagram representation of encrypted container formats in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 16 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 17 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 127 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 18 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 19 presents a schematic block diagram representation of adecryption processing device 224 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIGS. 20-22 present schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 23 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 24 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 25 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 26 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 227 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 27 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 227′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 28 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 227″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 29 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 229 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 30 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 31 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 32 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 33 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 34 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 35 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 36 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 37 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 38 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 1 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, instead of encrypting video data at the container level, the encryption operation operates at the ES level. In particular,video processing device 125 includes aninterface device 120 that receives elementary bit streams 100 from an encoder that includes compressed video and/or audio streams. Akey storage device 126 stores one or more encryption keys. In an embodiment of the present invention,key storage device 126 is implemented via be a memory device that may be separate from or included withinmemory module 122. Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. In an embodiment of the present invention, the existing conditional access/digital rights management may be used to perform a key exchange and rights management to populate and/or share the keys fromkey storage device 126. In particular, audio/video content can be encrypted at the ES level using the same key or keys which would traditionally be used at the (IP/TS/PES) container level, however different keys can also be employed, particularly in embodiments discussed later in conjunction with transcryption. - The
encryption processing device 124 retrieves the encryption key or keys from thekey storage device 126 and directly encrypts the elementary bit streams 100 into encrypted elementary bit streams 102. In pertinent part, portions of the audio and video elementary bit streams are encrypted and other portions, such as header and control data are left unencrypted to facilitate the processing of the encrypted elementary bit streams 102, while still encrypted. For example, theencryption processing device 124 can encrypt theelementary streams 100 without encrypting framing data associated with the compressed video signal. This allows some operations, such as disc seek operations, trick play features, PVR functions, etc., to be performed without decrypting the stream. - The encrypted
elementary stream 102 is a container-agnostic encryption format that allows the audio and video content to be carried in any container (IP/TS/PES) without having to perform encryption at the container level. In this fashion, theencryption processing device 124 encrypts theelementary streams 100 without encrypting formatting data associated with container formats that may be employed to carry the compressed video signal. - In an embodiment of the present invention, the
encryption processing device 124 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory, such asmemory module 122.Memory module 122 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that when the processing module implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. While a particular bus architecture is shown that employs asingle bus 130, alternative architectures using direct connectivity between one or more modules and/or additional buses can likewise be implemented in accordance with the present invention. - The
video processing device 125 can be implemented in conjunction with a video encoder, transcoder or decoder that produces the elementary bit streams 100. In this fashion, thevideo processing device 125 can embed the encryption operations within an encoder, transcoder or decoder which operates at the ES level. Further details, including optional implementations and additional functions and features are described in conjunction withFIGS. 2-17 that follow. -
FIG. 2 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, anelementary bit stream 110 is shown that carries a compressedvideo bit stream 20 in the payload. As shown, portions of thevideo bit stream 20 are separated by an initialstart code sequence 10 such as (0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xTT) or other start code sequence and the nextstart code sequence 12. The encryptedelementary bit stream 112 is formed from the samestart code sequences bit stream 20 intoencrypted bit stream 22. - The
video bit stream 20 includes encoded information pertaining to the Macro Blocks, Motion Vectors, Quantization Matrices, etc., of the frames and fields of the video signal. This portion is encrypted to protect the content of the video signal, but leaves framing information un-encrypted. In this fashion, the framing information for all layers of video distribution (i.e. all IP, TS, PES containers) would be left un-encrypted and only portions of the lowest level Elementary Stream (ES) would be encrypted. In this scenario the encrypted Video content would be un-usable but all the structural information involving framing and timing would be available so that the stream may be manipulated while in the encrypted state. - There are several options as to which level or which portion of the ES bit stream to encrypt. It may be sufficient to only encrypt ES video sequences within I-frames as these are critical for decoding of P and B frames and if the I-frame is corrupted then the rest of the video frame will not decode properly. This would reduce the performance requirements because fewer bit sequences would have to be encrypted but it would require parsing of the video to detect I-frames. Another logical point to apply ES encryption for video would be at the slice level only as this is a conveniently identifiable sequence within the bit stream.
-
FIG. 3 presents a schematic block diagram representation of an elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, anelementary bit stream 114 is shown that carries a compressedaudio bit stream 24 representing compressed PCM samples in the payload. As shown, portions of theaudio bit stream 24 are separated by start fields such asheader 25 andlength 27. The encryptedelementary bit stream 116 is formed from the same start fields but by encrypting thebit stream 24 intoencrypted bit stream 26. - For Audio, the encryption functions operate on the compressed audio PCM samples but leave all framing information un-encrypted. In this way the framing information for all layers of audio distribution (i.e. all IP, TS, PES containers) would be left un-encrypted and only portions of the lowest level Elementary Stream (ES) would be encrypted. In this scenario the encrypted Audio content would be un-usable but all the structural information involving framing and timing would be available so that the stream may be manipulated while in the encrypted state.
-
FIG. 4 presents a schematic block diagram representation of anencryption processing device 124 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, theencryption processing device 124 includes an elementary stream parser 150 that identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the elementary bit streams 100 and further that identifies a group of bits 152 between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence, such as nextstart code sequence 12, is the next start code sequence after astart code sequence 10, in a temporal ordering of an elementary bit stream. Abit stream segmenter 154 segments the group of bits 152 into one ormore blocks 156. Theencryption module 158 encryptsblocks 156 intoencrypted blocks 162, based on the encryption key orkeys 160. Theoutput formatter 164 generates the encrypted elementary bit stream orstreams 102 from theencrypted blocks 162 by adding the headers, start code sequences, or other formatting to the stream. - The operation of
encryption processing device 124 can be described in conjunction with the examples presented inFIGS. 5-7 . -
FIGS. 5-7 present a schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, these examples are presented in conjunction with a video elementary bit stream such aselementary bit stream 110. Such a video ES can present a challenge because the payload portion that includesvideo bit stream 20 can consist of a series of bits of undeterminant length, bracketed only by start code sequences such as (0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT) where: 0xTT is an 8 bit start code value; the start code sequences must always occur on 8 bit boundaries−which implies that bit sequences+padding also ocupy integral 8 bit boundaries; the 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT sequence may never appear within the bit sequence. - The output of the elementary stream parser 150 is a group of bits 152 that falls between sucessive start code sequences. This group of bits 152 is segmented by
bit stream segmenter 154 intoblocks 156. In the example presented in conjunction withFIG. 5 , the group of bits 152 is 128 bit aligned can be segmented into a plurality ofblocks 156 that are each 128 bits long. Theencryption module 158 operates on each of the resultingblocks 156 via a base encryption algorithm, labeled “Encrypt-1”, such as an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm and more particularly, an electronic code book (ECB) as set forth in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197-2001 or via another encryption algorithm. - In the case presented in conjunction with
FIG. 6 , the group of bits 152 is not 128 bit aligned but is longer than 128 bits. Thebit stream segmenter 154 generates a plurality ofblocks 156 that includes one or more standard blocks of standard length and a remainder block that is less than the standard length. In particular, theblocks 156 include several blocks oflength 128 and aremainder block 156 that is less than 128 bits long. Theencryption module 158 operates in a first encryption mode for the standard block and in a second encryption mode for the remainder block with the residual bits. In particular, theencryption module 158 encrypts the 128 bit blocks via the base encryption algorithm, and employs a second algorithm, labeled, “Encrypt-2” for the remainder block. - In the example presented in conjunction with
FIG. 7 , the group of bits 152 has fewer bits than the standard block size, i.e. a 128 bit block and is encrypted using algorithm Encrypt-2. - In each of the examples presented above, the group of bits 152 are encrypted without altering the start code sequence(s) which are left un-encrypted, but also encrypted in order to enforce the constraint that a start code sequence may not occur within the encrypted bit stream. This avoids inserting a false start code sequences that would be detected as a coding error when the elementary stream is processed, such as during decryption.
- It should be noted that the above examples present one possible segmentation procedure for the group of bits 152. Other segmentations including the use of other block sizes could be employed. In addition, additional bit padding can be employed in
bit stream segmenter 154 to force uniform block sizes in other implementations. Further details of an optional implementation of two encryption algorithms is presented in conjunction withFIGS. 8-9 that follow. -
FIGS. 8 and 9 present flowchart representations of encryption algorithms in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, an example of the Encrypt -1 algorithm is presented inFIG. 8 . Theencryption module 158 performs a test on theencrypted blocks 162 for an occurrence of a false start sequence, and iteratively encrypts theblock 156 again using thesame encryption keys 160, re-encrypting theencrypted blocks 162 iteratively until the encrypted blocks do not contain the false start sequence. - In
step 40, theblocks 156 are encrypted via an encryption algorithm such as AES-ECB intoencrypted blocks 162. Indecision block 42, the Encrypt-1 algorithm tests theencrypted blocks 162 to detect the presence of a start code sequence or partial start code sequence. The test involves checking if the 0x00,0x00,0x01 sequence is detected anywhere in the 128 bit block or if the last bytes of the block form a 0x00,0x00,0x01 or 0x00,0x00 or a 0x00 sequence (i.e. if the last bits could be part of a start code sequence which spans 128 bit boundaries). If the start sequence is not detected, the algorithm proceeds to step 44 where theencrypted blocks 162 are accepted. If the sequence is detected then the encryption instep 40 is repeated (up to n times) until the sequence is not detected. In the simplest case the AES-ECB Encryption is performed only once. - In accordance with the example presented above, the probability that the
encrypted blocks 162 are not accepted after n iterations can be found based on the following. There are 13 possible positions of the 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT start code sequence in the encrypted 128 bit block as set forth below: -
- (1) 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (2) 0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (3) 0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (4) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (5) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (6) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (7) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (8) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX,
- (9) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (10) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00, 0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX
- (11) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00 0x01,0xTT,0xXX,0xXX
- (12) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT,0xXX
- (13) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT
- Of the 13 possible cases, the probability that one of these cases occurs is P1=P2=. . . P13=2104/2128=1/(224)
- In addition, there are 3 additional cases, labeled (14)-(16) below, where the start code sequence may span the 128 bit block boundary into the next 128 bit block:
-
- (14) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00,0x01
- (15) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00,0x00
- (16) 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX, 0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0xXX,0x00
- The probabilities associated with these cases are
- P14=2104/2128=1/(224)
- P15=2112/2128=1/(216)
- P16=2120/2128=1/(28)
- The probability that a complete or partial start code sequence results from an AES operation after each iteration is less than:
-
- If the test detects a Start Code sequence then the encryption is repeated up to n times, the probability that the start code sequence is detected after all n encryption iterations is
-
Prejectn=(Prejectl)n - The probability of this form of error can be made arbitrarily small based on the choice of n. Choosing, for example, n=16,
- Prejectn=3.1385536375458315846065254145104e-39
- This is a negligibly small probability which would result in an acceptable error rate. For example, considering a 20 Mbps ES encrypted video steam using this method, the probability of an incorrect start code sequence occurring in the encrypted ES stream equates to
-
=5.1422062797550904682193312391338e-34 Errors per Second -
=61,623,525,175,925,398,906,357,975 Years per Error - If the test is bounded to 16 iterations, it is guaranteed to complete in a bounded time. In the decryption operation, a similar test is performed with the knowledge that a complete or partial start code sequence must never occur in the un-encrypted ES stream. The decryption is repeated up to n times and if a start code sequence is detected then the decryption is repeated until no start code sequence is detected. This operates to reverse the iterative encryption process. For example, if the encryption process takes i iterations to find an acceptable set of
encrypted blocks 162, the decryption algorithm will likewise need to perform i decryption iterations to return to the original unencrypted data. - An example of the Encrypt-2 algorithm is presented in
FIG. 9 . Instep 46, the Encrypt-2 algorithm uses no encryption but just copies the small block (i.e. small residual blocks are copied). It should be noted that other embodiments, other encryption or scrambling could be employed on remainder/residual blocks. - While the examples of
FIGS. 5-9 have focused on elementary video streams, similar methodologies can be employed for audio ES encryption. In paticular, thebit stream payload 24 ofelementary bit stream 114 can be segmented into 128-bit blocks and classified into three cases similar to video ES encryption described above, one encryptional mode can be employed for encrypting complete 128 bit blocks and another encryption mode can be employed for encrypting smaller blocks or remainder/residual blocks of less than 128 bits. The encryption algorithms used in these two modes can be the same algorithms employed with encrypting video elementary streams or different algorithms. - It should be noted for both audio and video, the AES-ECB algorithm can be used rather than the typical AES-CBC and the small block processing is simplified compared to the typical Cipher Block Stealing used in many standards. This is done intentionally to preserve a property of Video and Audio encoding where great effort has been involved to support error concealment i.e. simple coding errors are often undetectable in video and audio decode. If an AES-CBC style algorithm were used then single bit errors would propagate and affect large portions of the video and audio which is undesirable. The simple small block processing similarly is intentionally not chained to prior blocks as would be the case in cipher text stealing algorithms. In some cases however, a higher level of security may be desirable. In these cases a two stage encryption (as follows) is recommended.
- For ES Encryption, one technique to increase security is to use two stages of AES-128 in series with different keys in place of the Encrypt-1 and Decrypt-1 algorithms described above. In this way the cryptographic strength may be increased to 256 without increasing the width of the data operated on (i.e. the data is still 128 bits) to preserve the error concealment property. Note that two keys used for the two stages of AES encryption and decryption should be different values to maximize security but they could be the same value. In the same key value case the security level of the algorithm would be increased but backwards compatibility to existing CA and DRM systems which deliver 128 bit keys can be preserved. Alternate approaches using some other symmetrical cipher (like DES, 3DES, etc . . . ) or other symmetric algorithm could also be employed to increase the level of security.
-
FIG. 10 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 125 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In this embodiment, theinterface device 120′ includes an interface module that encapsulates the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport. The operation of an example interface module is presented in conjunction withFIG. 11 that follows. -
FIG. 11 presents a block diagram representation of encapsulation of encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the encrypted elementary bit streams can be encapsulated into the PES payload of packetizedelementary stream 104 by adding a start code prefix, stream identifier (ID) length field, as well as optional stuffing bits, PES headers, error detection or correction codes and other control data. - As shown, the
PES 104 can be optionally encapsulated further into the TS payload oftransport stream 106 by adding a sync byte such as 0×47, a transport error indicator (TEI), a payload unit start indicator (PUSI), a transport priority (TP), a packet identifier (PID), a scrambling control field (SC), an adaptation field exist (AF), a continuity counter (CC), an adaptation field, and/or other header error detection or correction codes and/or other control data. In addition, theTS 106 can optionally be encapsulated further into the IP payload ofIP packets 108 by adding an IP header and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) fields. - As previously discussed, in contrast to prior art systems that encrypt the entire IP payload, TS payload or PES payload, the encrypted
elementary bit stream 102 is directly encrypted. The framing information for all layers of audio/video distribution (i.e. all IP, TS, PES containers) can be left un-encrypted and only portions of thelowest level ES 100 are encrypted. Although ES encryption is used, the higher level containers will generally still be used (i.e. IP, TS, PES). In this case it can be useful to signal that the container carries ES encryption streams. Currently the TS and PES allocate 2 bits to signal the scrambling state i.e. 00=un-encrypted, 10=even encryption, 01=odd encryption and 11=invalid. The invalid state of 11 can be used to signal that the (TS/PES) container carries ES encrypted content. In this way a decoder could recognize that the A/V bit stream has been ES encrypted. It can also be useful to allocate unused bits in the TS and PES headers to signal the polarity for the encryption in cases where key cycling is desired. Unused bits in the TS container such as the Transport Priority bit or unused bits in the adaptation field may be used for TS. Unused bits in the PES container such as the PES priority bit in the PES header may be used. A single bit could be used to indicate the even or odd cycle of encryption. In this way existing CA and DRM systems can be used to manage rights and keys but the containers would carry ES encryption bit streams. -
FIG. 12 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 125 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In this embodiment, theinterface device 120″ includes an interface module that receives a compressed video signal in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format. The interface module ofinterface device 120″ de-encapsulates and decrypts the compressed video signal to produce theelementary bit stream 100 to be processed as previously described. In this fashion,processing device 125″ can receive video signals produced by legacy devices that operate with conventional encrypted container formats. - It should be noted that
video processing devices 125″ operates to transcrypt an encrypted container format to an encrypted elementary bit stream. For example, such a transcrypt device can receive encrypted content in one of the standard container formats (IP/TS/PES) which is protected by a conditional access (CA) or digital rights management (DRM). It can decrypt the protected content in its original container format then re-encrypt the content in encrypted ES format. The ES encrypted content may then be stored locally to a hard drive, used in a trick mode operation or transmitted to devices capable of decrypting the ES encrypted content. As will be discussed in conjunction withFIG. 24 , the converse is also possible. ES encrypted content may be decrypted and then re-encrypted into encrypted IP/TS/PES containers. As will be discussed in conjunction withFIG. 27 , another option is to transcrypt ES encrypted content into ES encrypted content using a different or same key (perhaps operating on the ES content). -
FIGS. 13-15 present a block diagram representation of encrypted container formats in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular,FIG. 13 presents a packetized elementary stream withencrypted payload 142,FIG. 14 presents a transport stream withencrypted payload 140, andFIG. 15 presents IP packets withencrypted payload 144. In operation, theinterface module 120″ extracts the encrypted payload from the container format and decrypts the encrypted payload. When multiple container formats are employed, multiple steps of de-encapsulation are required to extract theelementary bit stream 100. -
FIG. 16 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 125′″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 125 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In this embodiment, theinterface device 120′ includes a first interface module as described in conjunction withFIG. 12 that receives a compressed video signal in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format. This interface module ofinterface device 120″ de-encapsulates and decrypts the compressed video signal to produce theelementary bit stream 100 to be processed as previously described. In this fashion,processing device 125″ can receive video signals produced by legacy devices that operate with conventional encrypted container formats. - In this embodiment, the
interface device 120′ further includes a second interface module as described in conjunction withFIG. 10 that encapsulates or re-encapsulates the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 in a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport. It should be noted that the input and output container formats may be the same format or different format, depending on the implementation. -
FIG. 17 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 127 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 125 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In addition, thevideo processing device 127 includes an encoder/transcoder 128 for further encoding or transcoding thevideo signal 98 from an uncompressed audio/video format to produce elementary bit streams 100 in a compressed audio/video format or from one compressed audio/video format to produce elementary bit streams 100 in another compressed audio/video format. - In an embodiment of the present invention, the
video processing device 127 embeds the encryption operation within the encoder, transcoder or decoder that operates at the ES level. The video processing device produces a container-agnostic encryption format in that the A/V content is encrypted at the ES level and may be carried in any container (IP/TS/PES) without having to perform encryption at the container level. For example, thevideo processing device 127 can receive avideo signal 98 in the form of clear un-compressed content formatter as YUV/PCM. The encoder/transcoder 128 receives the un-compressed content, compresses the content into elementary bit streams 100 in selected compressed audio and video formats, and then automatically encrypts these ES into an encrypted elementary bits streams 102. Further, as part of this single atomic operation, thevideo processing device 127 can write the encrypted elementary bits streams 102 tomemory module 122 to protect the integrity of the content while stored. -
FIG. 18 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular,video processing device 225 operates similarly, but in a reciprocal fashion tovideo processing device 125.Video processing device 225 includes akey storage device 226, similar tokey storage device 126, for storing at least one decryption key.Decryption processing device 224 retrieves the at least one decryption key from the key storage device and decrypts the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream into at least oneelementary bit stream 200. In particular, first portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted. It should be noted, that without corruption or loss in coding, transcoding or transport, elementary bit streams 200 should be equivalent to the elementary bit streams 100. - In an embodiment of the present invention, the
decryption processing device 224 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory, such asmemory module 222.Memory module 222 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that when the processing module implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. While a particular bus architecture is shown that employs asingle bus 230, alternative architectures using direct connectivity between one or more modules and/or additional buses can likewise be implemented in accordance with the present invention. - The
video processing device 225 can be implemented in conjunction with a video decoder or transcoder that produces the elementary bit streams 200. In this fashion, thevideo processing device 225 can embed the decryption operations within a decoder, transcoder or encoder which operates at the ES level. Further details, including optional implementations and additional functions and features are described in conjunction withFIGS. 19-34 that follow. -
FIG. 19 presents a schematic block diagram representation of adecryption processing device 224 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, thedecryption processing device 224 includes anelementary stream parser 250 that identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 and further that identifies a group ofbits 252 between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence, is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence, in a temporal ordering of the encrypted elementary bit stream. A bit stream segmenter 254 segments the group ofbits 252 into one ormore blocks 256. Thedecryption module 258 encryptsblocks 256 into decryptedblocks 262, based on the decryption key orkeys 260. Theoutput formatter 264 generates the elementary bit stream orstreams 100 from the decrypted blocks 262 by adding the headers, start code sequences, or other formatting to the stream. - The operation of
encryption processing device 124 can be described in conjunction with the examples presented inFIGS. 20-22 . -
FIGS. 20-22 present schematic block diagram representations of elementary and encrypted elementary bit streams in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, these examples are presented in conjunction with a video elementary bit stream such aselementary bit stream 110. As previously discussed the payload portion can consist of a series of bits of undeterminant length, bracketed only by start code sequences such as (0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT) where: 0xTT is an 8 bit start code value; the start code sequences must always occur on 8 bit boundaries -- which implies that bit sequences+padding also ocupy integral 8 bit boundaries; and the 0x00,0x00,0x01,0xTT sequence may not otherwise appear, 8-bit aligned within the bit sequence. - The output of the
elementary stream parser 250 is a group ofbits 252 that falls between sucessive start code sequences. This group ofbits 252 is segmented by bit stream segmenter 254 intoblocks 256. In the example presented in conjunction withFIG. 20 , the group ofbits 252 is 128 bit aligned and can be segmented into a plurality ofblocks 256 that are each 128 bits long. Thedecryption module 158 operates on each of the resultingblocks 156 via a base decryption algorithm, labeled “decrypt-1”, that performs the reciprocal operation to the base encryption algorithm used to encrypt this block. Accordingly, the decryption can employ an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) decryption algorithm and more particularly an electronic code book (ECB) as set forth in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197-2001. - In the case presented in conjunction with
FIG. 21 , the group ofbits 252 is not 128 bit aligned but is longer than 128 bits. The bit stream segmenter 254 generates a plurality ofblocks 256 that includes one or more standard blocks of standard length and a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length. In particular, theblocks 256 include several blocks oflength 128 and aremainder block 256 that is less than 128 bits long. Thedecryption module 258 operates in a first encryption mode for the standard block and in a second encryption mode for the remainder block with the residual bits. In particular, thedecryption module 258 decrypts the 128 bit blocks via the base decryption algorithm, and employs a second algorithm, labeled, “decrypt-2” for the remainder block. As discussed in conjunction withFIG. 9 , the encrypt-2 algorithms can be a simple pass through that leaves the residual/remainder block unencrypted. In this case, the decrypt-2 algorithm can also be a simple pass through that copies the encrypted bits in the residual block. - In the example presented in conjunction with
FIG. 22 the group ofbits 252 has fewer bits than the standard block size, i.e. a 128 bit block and is encrypted using algorithm decrypt-2. It should be noted that the above examples present one possible segmentation procedure for the group ofbits 252. Other segmentations including the use of other block sizes could be employed—depending on the operation ofbit stream segmenter 154. -
FIG. 23 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In this embodiment, theinterface device 220′ includes an interface module that de-encapsulates the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 from a container format such as PES, TS and/or IP. -
FIG. 24 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In this embodiment, theinterface device 220″ includes an interface module that generates a compressed video signal in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format. The interface module ofinterface device 120″ encrypts and encapsulates theelementary bit stream 200 after decryption for storage or transport. In this fashion,processing device 225″ can produce video signals compatible with legacy devices that operate with conventional encrypted container formats. -
FIG. 25 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 225″' in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In this embodiment, theinterface device 120′ includes a first interface module as described in conjunction withFIG. 23 that receives encryptedelementary streams 102 in a container format such as PES, TS or IP or other container format. This interface module ofinterface device 120″ de-encapsulates the compressed video signal for decryption to produce theelementary bit stream 200. - In this embodiment, the
interface device 120′ further includes a second interface module as described in conjunction withFIG. 10 that encapsulates or re-encapsulates and encrypts the elementary bit streams 200 in an encrypted container format such as PES, TS and/or IP for storage or transport. It should be noted that the input and output container formats may be the same format or different format, depending on the implementation. - It should be noted that
video processing devices 125′ and 225′″ operate to transcrypt an encrypted container format to and from an encrypted elementary bit stream. For example, such a transcript device can receive encrypted content in one of the standard container formats (IP/TS/PES) which is protected by a conditional access (CA) or digital rights management (DRM). It will decrypt the protected content in its original container format then re-encrypt the content in ES format. The ES encrypted content may then be stored locally to a Hard Drive, used in a Trick Mode operation or transmitted to devices capable of decrypting the ES encrypted content. The converse is also possible i.e. ES encrypted content may be decrypted then re-encrypted into IP/TS/PES containers. Another option is to transcript ES encrypted content into ES encrypted content using a different or same key (perhaps operating on the ES content). -
FIG. 26 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 227 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In addition, thevideo processing device 227 includes adecoder 228 for decoding the elementary bit streams 200 into anuncompressed video signal 96. - In an embodiment of the present invention, the
video processing device 227 embeds the decryption operation within the decoder that operates at the ES level. For example, thevideo processing device 227 receives an encrypted elementary bit stream that is decrypted and decoded in a single atomic operation to produce anuncompressed video signal 96 in the form of clear un-compressed content formatted as YUV/PCM. -
FIG. 27 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 227′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 225 is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In addition, thevideo processing device 227′ includes anencryption processing device 124 that retrieves at least one encryption key from thekey storage device 226, and that directly encrypts the at least one elementary bit stream into a transcrypted elementary bit stream. In this fashion, a transcrypted elementary bit stream 204 can be produced from an encrypted elementary bit stream that is in the same elementary stream format, but is encrypted in a different encryption format or simply with a different encryption key. -
FIG. 28 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 227″ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a further embodiment ofvideo processing device 227′ is presented that includes several common functions and features that are referred to by common reference numerals. In addition, thevideo processing device 227″ includes atranscoder 232 for transcoding the elementary bit streams 200 into a transcodedelementary bit stream 202 in a differing audio and/or video compression format. In operation, the encrypted elementary bit stream is decrypted bydecryption processing device 224 intoelementary bit stream 200.Transcoder 232 partially or fully decodes the elementary bit streams 200 to create a transcoded elementary bit stream.Encryption processing device 124 produces a transcoded encrypted elementary bit streams 202 from the transcoded elementary bit stream. It should be noted that the transcoded encrypted elementary bit streams 202 can be encrypted with the same key and encryption methodology as the encrypted elementary bit streams 102 or optionally, can be transcrypted to a new encryption methodology or using one or more new encryption keys. - In an embodiment of the present invention, the
video processing device 227″ embeds the encryption and decryption operations within the transcoder that operates at the ES level. For example, thevideo processing device 227″ receives an encrypted elementary bit stream that is decrypted, transcoded and re-encrypted in a single atomic operation. -
FIG. 29 presents a schematic block diagram representation of avideo processing device 229 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular,video processing device 229 includesvideo splicer 234 that receives a plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams (102, 103, . . .) that contain a corresponding plurality of video programs. Thevideo splicer 234 splices the plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams (102, 103, . . .) into a single combined encryptedelementary bit stream 206 containing a combined video program that is a concatenation of the corresponding plurality of video programs. - Due to the ability to view all framing information, the
video splicer 234 can generate a combined ES encrypted stream without having to decrypt either of the input ES encrypted streams. Note that decryption and re-encryption may, never the less, be employed via optional inclusion ofencryption processing device 124 anddecryption processing device 224 to transcrypt one or the encrypted elementary bit streams (102, 103, . . .) to match the encryption employed by other bit stream or streams or to transcrypt the combined encryptedelementary bit stream 206 with either the same or a different key. -
FIG. 30 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-29 . Instep 400, at least one encryption key is retrieved from a key storage device. Instep 402, the at least one elementary bit stream is directly encrypted into at least one encrypted elementary bit stream. - In an embodiment of the present invention,
step 402 operates without encrypting formatting data associated with at least one container format associated with the compressed video signal and without encrypting framing data associated with the compressed video signal. Step 402 can include parsing the at least one elementary bit stream parser to identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the at least one elementary bit stream and further to identifies a group of bits between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence in a temporal ordering of the at least one elementary bit stream. The group of bits can be segmented into at least one block and the at least one block can be encrypted into at least one encrypted block based on the at least one encryption key. The at least one encrypted elementary bit stream can be generated from the at least one encrypted block. - Step 402 can also include testing the at least one encrypted block for an occurrence of a false start sequence. When the at least one encrypted block includes the false start sequence, iteratively encrypting the at least one block until the at least one encrypted block does not contain the false start sequence. The at least one block can includes at least one standard block of standard length and a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length. In this case, step 402s can include operating in a first encryption mode for the at least one standard block and a second encryption mode for the remainder block.
-
FIG. 31 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-30 wherein the at least one elementary bit stream includes a plurality of elementary bit streams containing a corresponding plurality of video programs, and the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream includes a plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams containing the corresponding plurality of video programs. Instep 410, the plurality of encrypted elementary bit streams are spliced into a single combined encrypted elementary bit stream containing a combined video programs that is a concatenation of the corresponding plurality of video programs. -
FIG. 32 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-31 . Instep 420, at least one decryption key is retrieved from a key storage device. Instep 422, at least one encrypted elementary bit stream is decrypted into at least one elementary bit stream, wherein first portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted. - In an embodiment of the present invention,
step 422 includes: identifying a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream and further that identifying a group of bits between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence in a temporal ordering of the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream; segmenting the group of bits into at least one block; decrypting the at least one block into at least one decrypted block based on the at least one decryption key; and generating the at least one elementary bit stream from the at least one decrypted block. - The at least one block can includes at least one standard block of standard length and a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length and wherein decrypting the at least one block operates in a first decryption mode for the at least one standard block and a second decryption mode for the remainder block.
- Step 422 can also include testing the at least one decrypted block for an occurrence of a false start sequence. When the at least one decrypted block includes the false start sequence, iteratively decrypting the at least one block until the at least one decrypted block does not contain the false start sequence.
-
FIG. 33 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-32 . Instep 430, the at least one encrypted elementary bit stream is de-encapsulated from a container format. -
FIG. 34 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-33 . Instep 440, the at least one elementary bit stream is encapsulated and encrypted into an encrypted container format. - There are many possible applications of the embodiment described in conjunction with
FIGS. 1-32 . Raw YUV and PCM samples can be encoded using various A/V codec(s) and the ES is encrypted as part of the encode pipeline for distribution, transport, storage or other processing. The A/V encrypted and encoded ES can be decrypted and decoded to raw YUV and PCM samples as part of the decode pipeline. A/V content encrypted using one of the existing container formats (IP/TS/PES) can be decrypted then re-encrypted using the encrypted ES format. ES encrypted A/V content can be decrypted then re-encrypted to one of the existing container formats (IP/TS/PES). ES Encrypted A/V content can be stored on a Hard Disk to facilitate a PVR application because header and framing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content. Multiple Encrypted A/V ES can be spliced seamlessly by a slicing application because timing and framing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content. ES Encrypted A/V content can be stored in memory and a trick mode application is facilitated because header and framing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content. ES Encrypted A/V content can be stored in memory or on disk and a streaming application is facilitated because header, framing and timing information can be accessed without having to decrypt the content. Also the device being streamed to has lower memory and processing requirements and results in a more secure end to end delivery of content. ES Encrypted A/V content is compatible with existing CA and DRM systems in that the CA and DRM Key exchange and Rights management mechanism(s) may remain unchanged with the key typically used to decrypt the A/V content in (IP/TS/PES) container form used to encrypt/decrypt the A/V content at the ES level. - The encrypted elementary bit streams described herein can be used in conjunction with one or more networks or other connections such as the Internet, another wide area network, broadband wireless or terrestrial networks such as satellite, cable, cellular, or telephone company networks, or other public or private networks. Any of the video processing devices described herein can be employed at any point in a content generation and deliver system from a content source, to one or more content delivery servers or headends, cloud devices, edge devices or other network devices, home gateways, set top boxes, and client devices, either fixed or mobile. More particularly, the client devices can be set top boxes, televisions, personal computers, smart phones, internet tablets or other client devices that receive content originating from a content source.
- One aspect of the security improvement associated with ES encryption is that low level operations may be performed atomically in a single device. In this fashion, a decoder can perform an atomic Read/Decrypt/Decode/Write to Memory operation, an encoder can perform an atomic Read/Encode/Encrypt/Write to Memory operation, a transcoder can perform a Read from Memory/Decrypt/Transcode/Encrypt/Write to Memory operation, etc. This addresses a fundamental security weakness in modern security devices which decode, encode or transcode encrypted A/V content. There are several implementations for ES encryption atomicity. One implementation employs a hardware engine that securely encrypts an elementary bit stream that is written to a shared memory. The ES data is read from the processor's cache memory and encrypted. Similarly, a hardware engine can be implemented to securely decrypt an elementary bit stream that is read from shared memory, decrypted and written into a processor's cache memory. These approaches would be appropriate for Audio ES decryption/encryption since this is typically performed by and audio DSP. This would block other processors within the system from having access to the decrypted ES content. A more sophisticated mechanism would involve adding H/W mechanisms which read/writes encrypted ES content from/to a shared memory, securely perform the decryption/encryption and passes the clear ES content to/from the H/W Decoder/Encoder/Transcoder via a shared internal buffer. This would also block other processors within the system from having access to the decrypted ES content.
- Various embodiments described in conjunction with
FIGS. 1-32 reduces memory utilization and bandwidth because the content encryption/decryption is embedded within the encode/decode codec there is no need for additional memory buffers (i.e. reduces memory utilization) and there are fewer read/write operation (i.e. reduced memory bandwidth). The security risk is reduced because the clear compressed content never resides in memory (i.e. the decryption/decode operations are handled atomically within the A/V Codec's). Latency can be reduced because the content is encrypted/decrypted at the ES level embedded within the A/V encode/decode codec's there is no need for additional handling of the content and thus there is far less latency and s/w overhead involved. Hardware requirements can be reduced because the content is encrypted/decrypted at the ES level and is embedded within the A/V encode/decode codec's there is less additional hardware required (i.e. there is no need for complete separate encryption/decryption components). The ES encrypted compressed content can be parsed and used directly in a trick mode application because all the framing information is available. The ES encrypted compressed content may be securely stored on Hard Disk and can be parsed and s/w can seek through files, the encrypted content may be used directly in PVR applications because all the framing information is available. - The ES encrypted compressed content can be sent to 3rd party devices, and because the decryption occurs within the codec, the clear compressed content is not exposed in memory. The ES encrypted compressed content can be parsed to determine appropriate splice points and so it is relatively simple to splice ES encrypted streams without having to decrypt them.
-
FIG. 35 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A video processing device is presented for processingvideo data 498. Like selected embodiments described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-34 , this video processing device protects the security of data via encryption when it is stored on amemory device 506 during processing. In particular, memory input/output (I/O) includes encryption and decryption as part of an atomic operation to receiveuncompressed video data 498 and to generate encodedvideo data 514. - A
key generator 520 generates or otherwise stores and retrieves anencryption key 522 and adecryption key 524. Aninterface device 500 receives thevideo data 498 in a media format and automatically encrypts thevideo data 498 viaencryption module 502 intoencrypted video data 504 based on theencryption key 522 and stores theencrypted video data 504 in thememory device 506. Avideo encoder 510 automatically decrypts theencrypted video data 504, viadecryption module 512 based on the correspondingdecryption key 524 when retrieving the video data from thememory device 506 in conjunction with an encoding of the video signal into encodedvideo data 514. - The
video data 498 can include digital audio data. In particular, the media format of thevideo data 498 can high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital A/V data formats. - In an embodiment of the present invention,
memory device 506 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Thekey generator 520 can be implemented as part of or separate from thememory device 506. - The
interface device 500 andvideo encoder 510 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory. Note that when the processing device implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. -
FIG. 36 presents a schematic block diagram representation of a video processing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A video processing device is presented for processingvideo data 528. Like selected embodiments described in conjunction withFIG. 35 , this video processing device protects the security of data via encryption when it is stored on amemory device 536 during processing. In particular, memory input/output (I/O) includes encryption and decryption as part of an atomic operation to receive encodedvideo data 528 and to generate decoded and formattedvideo data 544. - The video processing device includes a
key generator 520 for generating an encryption key and a corresponding decryption key. Avideo decoder 530 decodes the video data, automatically encrypts the decoded video data viaencryption module 532 intoencrypted video data 534 based on theencryption key 522 and stores the encrypted video data in thememory device 536. Aninterface device 540 automatically decrypts theencrypted video data 534 viadecryption module 542, based on the correspondingdecryption key 524 when retrieving theencrypted video data 534 from thememory device 536 in conjunction with formatting the video data in a media format. - The formatted
video data 544 can include digital audio data. In particular, the media format of the formattedvideo data 544 can high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital AN data formats. - In an embodiment of the present invention,
memory device 536 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device can include a hard disk drive or other disk drive, read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Thekey generator 520 can be implemented as part of or separate from thememory device 536. - The
interface device 540 andvideo decoder 530 can be implemented using a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, co-processors, a micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on operational instructions that are stored in a memory. Note that when the processing device implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. -
FIG. 37 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-34. Instep 600, an encryption key and a corresponding decryption key are generated. Instep 602, the video data is received in a media format via an interface device. Instep 604, the video data are automatically encrypted into encrypted video data based on the encryption key when the unencrypted video data is received via the interface device, and storing the encrypted video data in a memory device. Instep 606, the encrypted video data are automatically decrypted based on the corresponding decryption key when retrieving the video data from the memory device in conjunction with an encoding of the video signal by a video encoder. - The video data can include digital audio data. In particular, the media format of the video data can be high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital A/V data formats.
-
FIG. 38 presents a flowchart representation of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, a method is presented for use in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-34 . Instep 610, an encryption key and a corresponding decryption key are generated. Instep 612, the video data are decoded via a video decoder. Instep 614, the decoded video data are automatically encrypted into encrypted video data based on the encryption key when the unencrypted video data is decoded via the video decoder, and the encrypted video data are stored in a memory device. Instep 616, the encrypted video data are automatically decrypted based on the corresponding decryption key when retrieving the video data from the memory device in conjunction with a formatting of the video signal in a media format via an interface device. - The formatted video data can include digital audio data. In particular, the media format of the formatted video data can high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) formatted data, International Telecommunications Union recommendation BT.656 formatted data, inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) formatted data, and/or other digital A/V data formats.
- As may be used herein, the terms “substantially” and “approximately” provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences. As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (i.e., where one element is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”. As may even further be used herein, the term “operable to” or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As may still further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item being embedded within another item. As may be used herein, the term “compares favorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that
signal 1 has a greater magnitude thansignal 2, a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude ofsignal 1 is greater than that ofsignal 2 or when the magnitude ofsignal 2 is less than that ofsignal 1. - As may also be used herein, the terms “processing module”, “processing circuit”, and/or “processing unit” may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may be, or further include, memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of another processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element may store, and the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures. Such a memory device or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.
- The present invention has been described above with the aid of method steps illustrating the performance of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries and sequence of these functional building blocks and method steps have been arbitrarily defined herein for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries and sequences can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries or sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. Further, the boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries could be defined as long as the certain significant functions are appropriately performed. Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also have been arbitrarily defined herein to illustrate certain significant functionality. To the extent used, the flow diagram block boundaries and sequence could have been defined otherwise and still perform the certain significant functionality. Such alternate definitions of both functional building blocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. One of average skill in the art will also recognize that the functional building blocks, and other illustrative blocks, modules and components herein, can be implemented as illustrated or by discrete components, application specific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate software and the like or any combination thereof.
- The present invention may have also been described, at least in part, in terms of one or more embodiments. An embodiment of the present invention is used herein to illustrate the present invention, an aspect thereof, a feature thereof, a concept thereof, and/or an example thereof. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process that embodies the present invention may include one or more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein. Further, from figure to figure, the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or different ones.
- Unless specifically stated to the contra, signals to, from, and/or between elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein may be analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-ended or differential. For instance, if a signal path is shown as a single-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path. Similarly, if a signal path is shown as a differential path, it also represents a single-ended signal path. While one or more particular architectures are described herein, other architectures can likewise be implemented that use one or more data buses not expressly shown, direct connectivity between elements, and/or indirect coupling between other elements as recognized by one of average skill in the art.
- The term “module” is used in the description of the various embodiments of the present invention. A module includes a processing module, a functional block, hardware, and/or software stored on memory for performing one or more functions as may be described herein. Note that, if the module is implemented via hardware, the hardware may operate independently and/or in conjunction software and/or firmware. As used herein, a module may contain one or more sub-modules, each of which may be one or more modules.
- While particular combinations of various functions and features of the present invention have been expressly described herein, other combinations of these features and functions are likewise possible. The present invention is not limited by the particular examples disclosed herein and expressly incorporates these other combinations.
Claims (20)
1. A video processing device for encrypting a compressed video signal from an elementary bit stream, the video processing device comprising:
a machine that includes:
a key storage device for storing at least one encryption key; and
an encryption processing device, coupled to the key storage device, that retrieves the at least one encryption key from the key storage device, and that encrypts the elementary bit stream into at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream, wherein first portions of the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted, wherein the encryption processing device applies a first of a plurality of encryption methods for encrypting the first portions of a first block size and applies a second of the plurality of encryption methods for encrypting the first portions of a second block size that is less than the first block size.
2. The video processing device of claim 1 wherein the encryption processing device directly encrypts the at least one elementary stream without encrypting formatting data associated with at least one container format associated with the compressed video signal.
3. The video processing device of claim 1 wherein the encryption processing device directly encrypts the at least one elementary stream without encrypting framing data associated with the compressed video signal.
4. The video processing device of claim 1 wherein the encryption processing device includes:
an elementary stream parser that identifies a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the at least one elementary bit stream and further that identifies a group of bits between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence in a temporal ordering of the at least one elementary bit stream;
a bit stream segmenter, coupled to the elementary stream parser, that segments the first portions into a plurality of blocks including at least first one block of the first block size and at least one second block of a second block size;
an encryption module, coupled to the bit stream segmenter, that encrypts the plurality of blocks into at least one first encrypted block and at least one second encrypted block; and
a output formatter, coupled to the encryption module, that generates the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream from the plurality of encrypted blocks.
5. The video processing device of claim 4 wherein the encryption module tests the at least one first encrypted block for an occurrence of a false start sequence, and iteratively encrypts the at least one first block until the at least one first encrypted block does not contain the false start sequence.
6. The video processing device of claim 4 wherein the at least one first block includes at least one standard block of standard length and the at least one second block includes a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length.
7. The video processing device of claim 1 wherein at least one elementary bit stream includes an elementary audio bit stream and an elementary video bit stream.
8. The video processing device of claim 1 further comprising:
a first interface module, coupled to the encryption processing device, that encapsulates the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream in a container format.
9. The video processing device of claim 7 further comprising:
a second interface module, coupled to the encryption processing device, that receives the compressed video signal in an encrypted container format, that de-encapsulates and decrypts the compressed video signal to produce the at least one elementary bit stream.
10. The video processing device of claim 1 further comprising:
a video encoder, coupled to the encryption processing device, that receives a video signal in an uncompressed format, that encodes the video signal to produce the compressed video signal.
11. A method for encrypting a compressed video signal from an elementary bit stream, the method comprising:
storing at least one encryption key in a key storage device; and
executing instructions via a processor to:
retrieve the at least one encryption key from the key storage device; and
encrypt the elementary bit stream into at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream, wherein first portions of the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream are encrypted and second portions of the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream are unencrypted, wherein the encryption processing device applies a first of a plurality of encryption methods for encrypting the first portions of a first block size and applies a second of the plurality of encryption methods for encrypting the first portions of a second block size that is less than the first block size.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein encrypting the elementary bit stream includes directly encrypting the at least one elementary stream without encrypting formatting data associated with at least one container format associated with the compressed video signal.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein encrypting the elementary bit stream includes directly encrypting the at least one elementary stream without encrypting framing data associated with the compressed video signal.
14. The method of claim 11 encrypting the elementary bit stream includes:
identifying a first start code sequence and a second start code sequence in the at least one elementary bit stream and further that identifies a group of bits between the first start code sequence and the second start code sequence, wherein the second start code sequence is the next start code sequence after the first start code sequence in a temporal ordering of the at least one elementary bit stream;
segmenting the first portions into a plurality of blocks including at least first one block of the first block size and at least one second block of a second block size;
encrypting the plurality of blocks into at least one first encrypted block and at least one second encrypted block; and
generating the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream from the plurality of encrypted blocks.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein encrypting the elementary bit stream includes:
testing the at least one first encrypted block for an occurrence of a false start sequence; and
iteratively encrypting the at least one first block until the at least one first encrypted block does not contain the false start sequence.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the at least one first block includes at least one standard block of standard length and the at least one second block includes a remainder block that is not equal to the standard length.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein at least one elementary bit stream includes an elementary audio bit stream and an elementary video bit stream.
18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
encapsulating the at least one partially encrypted elementary bit stream in a container format.
19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
receiving the compressed video signal in an encrypted container format; and
de-encapsulating and decrypting the compressed video signal to produce the at least one elementary bit stream.
20. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving a video signal in an uncompressed format, that encodes the video signal to produce the compressed video signal.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/617,588 US20160013930A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-02-09 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261596549P | 2012-02-08 | 2012-02-08 | |
US201261604228P | 2012-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | |
US13/423,981 US9008308B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
US14/617,588 US20160013930A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-02-09 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/423,981 Continuation US9008308B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160013930A1 true US20160013930A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
Family
ID=47877746
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/423,981 Active 2032-05-20 US9008308B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
US13/423,947 Active 2032-09-14 US9088805B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Encrypted memory device and methods for use therewith |
US13/423,876 Active 2032-06-18 US9066117B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Container agnostic encryption device and methods for use therewith |
US14/617,653 Active US9641322B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-02-09 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
US14/617,588 Abandoned US20160013930A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-02-09 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/423,981 Active 2032-05-20 US9008308B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
US13/423,947 Active 2032-09-14 US9088805B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Encrypted memory device and methods for use therewith |
US13/423,876 Active 2032-06-18 US9066117B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-03-19 | Container agnostic encryption device and methods for use therewith |
US14/617,653 Active US9641322B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-02-09 | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US9008308B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2627095B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103338385B (en) |
Families Citing this family (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170005993A9 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2017-01-05 | Vixs Systems, Inc. | Content access device with programmable interface and methods for use therewith |
US9008308B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-04-14 | Vixs Systems, Inc | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
US9247316B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2016-01-26 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Protected media decoding using a secure operating system |
CA2915022A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Broadcasting transmission/reception apparatus and broadcasting transmission/reception method |
CN103731654B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-08-26 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of information insertion system and information extracting system using 2D/3D video |
CN103747261B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2017-06-27 | 北京工业大学 | H.264 compression domain hierarchical perception encryption method based on motion reference structure |
US9430619B2 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2016-08-30 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Media decoding control with hardware-protected digital rights management |
US10505735B2 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2019-12-10 | Lattice Semiconductor Corporation | Digital content protection over audio return data link |
US20160182952A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Protected Media Decoding System Supporting Metadata |
EP3242484A4 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2018-08-01 | LG Electronics Inc. | Apparatus for transmitting broadcasting signal, apparatus for receiving broadcasting signal, method for transmitting broadcasting signal, and method for receiving broadcasting signal |
EP3272060B1 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2019-05-01 | Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Development LP | Datastream block encryption |
CN104811652A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-29 | 成都腾悦科技有限公司 | Conference system based on electronic white board |
CN105049941B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-06-30 | 广州酷狗计算机科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method and processing device of multimedia file |
CN106470345B (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2020-02-14 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Video encryption transmission method, video decryption method, video encryption transmission device, video decryption device and video encryption transmission system |
WO2017035018A1 (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-02 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | Method and system for efficient encryption, transmission, and decryption of video data |
US10601781B2 (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2020-03-24 | Servicenow, Inc. | Selective encryption delineation |
US11575524B2 (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2023-02-07 | Servicenow, Inc. | Selective encryption delineation |
CN107086908B (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2021-07-06 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Quantum key distribution method and device |
CN107086907B (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2020-07-07 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Key synchronization and packaging transfer method and device for quantum key distribution process |
CN107347058B (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2021-07-23 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Data encryption method, data decryption method, device and system |
CN107370546B (en) | 2016-05-11 | 2020-06-26 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Eavesdropping detection method, data sending method, device and system |
CN107404461B (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2021-01-26 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Data secure transmission method, client and server method, device and system |
CN107959566A (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-24 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Quantal data key agreement system and quantal data cryptographic key negotiation method |
CN107959567B (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2021-07-27 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Data storage method, data acquisition method, device and system |
CN107959656B (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2021-08-31 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Data security guarantee system, method and device |
US10164778B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2018-12-25 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | Method and system for distributing attestation key and certificate in trusted computing |
US11184331B1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2021-11-23 | Alarm.Com Incorporated | Stream encryption key management |
US10169597B2 (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2019-01-01 | Entefy Inc. | System and method of applying adaptive privacy control layers to encoded media file types |
US10395047B2 (en) | 2016-12-31 | 2019-08-27 | Entefy Inc. | System and method of applying multiple adaptive privacy control layers to single-layered media file types |
US10587585B2 (en) | 2016-12-31 | 2020-03-10 | Entefy Inc. | System and method of presenting dynamically-rendered content in structured documents |
CN108667608B (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2021-07-27 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Method, device and system for protecting data key |
CN108667773B (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-03-12 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Network protection system, method, device and server |
CN108736981A (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2018-11-02 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | It is a kind of wirelessly to throw screen method, apparatus and system |
US10305683B1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-05-28 | Entefy Inc. | System and method of applying multiple adaptive privacy control layers to multi-channel bitstream data |
CN108322778B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-11-20 | 珠海迈科智能科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for increasing scrambling speed of DVB data stream |
JP7106964B2 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2022-07-27 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Password authentication device, password authentication program and password authentication method |
CN108777611B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-06-18 | 吉林大学 | Bidirectional linked list sequential encryption and decryption method based on double-key stream cipher |
WO2020049593A1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Sling Media Pvt Ltd. | Security architecture for video streaming |
CN109450620B (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2020-11-10 | 创新先进技术有限公司 | Method for sharing security application in mobile terminal and mobile terminal |
CN110035319B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-05-15 | 北京文香信息技术有限公司 | Audio and video data encryption and decryption methods and devices and playing equipment |
CN110098937B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-06-26 | 西安前观测控技术有限公司 | Data block associated encryption algorithm based on timestamp |
CN110213669B (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2021-03-23 | 杭州当虹科技股份有限公司 | Video content anti-theft system and method based on TS (transport stream) slices |
US11429519B2 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2022-08-30 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | System and method for facilitating reduction of latency and mitigation of write amplification in a multi-tenancy storage drive |
US11861169B2 (en) | 2020-06-26 | 2024-01-02 | Netapp, Inc. | Layout format for compressed data |
Citations (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5512977A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1996-04-30 | Pumpkin House Incorporated | Copying machine with encryption function |
US5761302A (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1998-06-02 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
US5933501A (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1999-08-03 | Harris Corporation | `Virtual` encryption scheme combining different encryption operators into compound-encryption mechanism |
US5948119A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1999-09-07 | Bock; James M. | Packet-based fifo |
US6463537B1 (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 2002-10-08 | Codex Technologies, Inc. | Modified computer motherboard security and identification system |
US20020196939A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-26 | Unger Robert Allan | Decoding and decryption of partially encrypted information |
US6501369B1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2002-12-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Vehicle security system having unlimited key programming |
US20030028706A1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-02-06 | Fujitsu Limited | Information recording/reproducing apparatus |
US20030037213A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-02-20 | Andreas Mittag | Method for protecting a microcomputer system against manipulation of its program |
US20030152368A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-08-14 | Satoshi Kitani | Data playback apparatus and method |
US20030231767A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-12-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Efficient encryption of image data |
US20040003008A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-01-01 | Wasilewski Anthony J. | Method for partially encrypting program data |
US20040008864A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | Kaleidescape, Inc. | Watermarking and fingerprinting digital content using alternative blocks to embed information |
US20040028227A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-12 | Yu Hong Heather | Partial encryption of stream-formatted media |
US20040028231A1 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2004-02-12 | Yoichiro Sako | Data outputting method, recording method and apparatus, reproducing method and apparatus, and data transmitting method and receiving method |
US20040047470A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-03-11 | Candelore Brant L. | Multiple partial encryption using retuning |
US20040073917A1 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2004-04-15 | Sony Corporation | System and method for partially encrypted multimedia stream |
US20040123094A1 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-24 | Eric Sprunk | Efficient distribution of encrypted content for multiple content access systems |
US20040139337A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-07-15 | Pinder Howard G. | Methods and apparatus for providing a partial dual-encrypted stream in a conditional access overlay system |
US20040167860A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-26 | First Data Corporation | Methods and systems for negotiable-instrument fraud prevention |
US6865747B1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2005-03-08 | Digital Video Express, L.P. | High definition media storage structure and playback mechanism |
US20050123136A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-09 | Daeyang Foundation | Motion picture file encryption method and digital rights management method using the same |
US20050141713A1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2005-06-30 | Scm Microsystems Gmbh | Selective multimedia data encryption |
US20050259813A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2005-11-24 | Wasilewski Anthony J | Method for partially encrypting program data |
US20060056625A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Sumie Nakabayashi | Encryption method, encryption apparatus, data storage distribution apparatus and data delivery system |
US20060086796A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-04-27 | Denso Corporation | Image signal output device, coded image signal generation method, image signal output program, camera operation system, camera operation program, matrix code decoding device, and matrix code decoding program |
US7058179B1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2006-06-06 | Sony Corporation | Method and system for a secure high bandwidth bus in a transceiver device |
US7095858B2 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-08-22 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | System and method for securely upgrading firmware |
US20060222178A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Munemitsu Kuwabara | System and method for communicating encrypted data |
US20070033419A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2007-02-08 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Reprogrammable security for controlling piracy and enabling interactive content |
US20070103715A1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-10 | Hiroaki Nakata | Printing management system and printing management method |
US20070160208A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Widevine Technologies, Inc. | Selective and persistent application level encrytion for video provided to a client |
US20070192789A1 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-16 | Sbc Knowledge Ventures L.P. | Inserting data objects into encrypted video streams |
US7286667B1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-10-23 | Sony Corporation | Decryption system |
US20070255941A1 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-01 | Advanced Communication Concepts | Method and system for securing data utilizing reconfigurable logic |
US20070263860A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Buchen Neil B | System and method for dynamically allocating stream identifiers in a multi-encryption transport stream |
US20070263864A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Buchen Neil B | System and method for dynamically allocating stream identifiers in a multi-encryption transport system |
US7308099B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2007-12-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Device and method for producing an encoded audio and/or video data stream |
US7350082B2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2008-03-25 | Sony Corporation | Upgrading of encryption |
US7434052B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2008-10-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Method and device for producing an encrypted payload data stream and method and device for decrypting an encrypted payload data stream |
US20080273698A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2008-11-06 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Device for and a Method of Processing a Data Stream Having a Sequence of Packets and Timing Information Related to the Packets |
US20080310630A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Candelore Brant L | Selective encryption to enable trick play with enhanced security |
US20080317246A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-12-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Device for and a Method of Processing Data Stream |
US7486273B1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-03 | Novint Technologies, Inc. | Communications in a system comprising a computer and a haptic interface device |
US20090147954A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2009-06-11 | Howard Pinder | Partial Dual-Encryption Using Program Map Tables |
US20090208000A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Signature management method and signature management device |
US20090307491A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-10 | Sony Corporation | Information processing device, information processing method, program and communication system |
US20110119480A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-05-19 | Thomson Licensing | Methods and apparatuses for selective data encryption |
US20110119699A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2011-05-19 | Querell Data Limited Liability Company | Process and system for the secure broadcasting of protected audiovisual streams to a dynamic group of receivers |
US20110194688A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-08-11 | Thales | Method and System Making it Possible to Protect After Compression the Confidentiality of the Data of a Video Stream During Its Transmission |
US8036250B1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2011-10-11 | Bigband Networks Inc. | Method and apparatus of mutliplexing media streams |
US20110311045A1 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2011-12-22 | Candelore Brant L | Partial Multiple Encryption |
US8159373B2 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-04-17 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Encoding and decoding information |
US20120134496A1 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-05-31 | Eyal Farkash | Partial encryption using variable block-sizes parameters |
US8196694B2 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2012-06-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle immobilizer methods and apparatus based on driver impairment |
US20130064368A1 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-14 | Frédéric Lefebvre | Methods and devices for selective format-preserving data encryption |
US20130156186A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2013-06-20 | Brant L. Candelore | Partial multiple encryption |
US8726387B2 (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2014-05-13 | F-Secure Corporation | Detecting a trojan horse |
US9104882B2 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2015-08-11 | Comcast Cable Communications, Llc | Reconfigurable access network encryption architecture |
Family Cites Families (94)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4208544A (en) * | 1961-10-04 | 1980-06-17 | Acf Industries, Incorporated | Checker and automatic synchronizer for coding equipment |
US4078152A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1978-03-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Block-cipher cryptographic system with chaining |
US4229818A (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-10-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for enciphering blocks which succeed short blocks in a key-controlled block-cipher cryptographic system |
US5627694A (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1997-05-06 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Recording/reproducing apparatus for recording and reproducing multiple kinds of digital signals having different data amounts per unit time |
FI95756C (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1996-03-11 | Nokia Technology Gmbh | A method for encrypting and decrypting a bitstream containing digital information |
US5420866A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-05-30 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | Methods for providing conditional access information to decoders in a packet-based multiplexed communications system |
US5659614A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1997-08-19 | Bailey, Iii; John E. | Method and system for creating and storing a backup copy of file data stored on a computer |
US20040136532A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-07-15 | Pinder Howard G. | Partial dual-encrypted stream utilizing program map tables |
JP3226439B2 (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 2001-11-05 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Image encoding method and image decoding method |
JP3355888B2 (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 2002-12-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Image coding recording and playback device |
US6070198A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 2000-05-30 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Encryption with a streams-based protocol stack |
US5859920A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1999-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for embedding digital information in an image |
JPH09231276A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-05 | Canon Inc | Charging device, communication device, and communication system |
US6018369A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 2000-01-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Video decoder with closed caption data on video output |
JPH10145773A (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 1998-05-29 | Toshiba Corp | Method for ciphering animation data, computer system applying the method and dynamic image data encoding/ decoding device |
US6016348A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-01-18 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Decoding system and data format for processing and storing encrypted broadcast, cable or satellite video data |
US6281929B1 (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 2001-08-28 | Zenith Electronics Corporation | Testing arrangement for decoders |
WO2000011871A1 (en) * | 1998-08-23 | 2000-03-02 | Open Entertainment, Inc. | Transaction system for transporting media files from content provider sources to home entertainment devices |
JP2000066587A (en) * | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-03 | Toshiba Corp | Data processor and communication system as well as recording medium |
US6490353B1 (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2002-12-03 | Tan Daniel Tiong Hok | Data encrypting and decrypting apparatus and method |
JP3351757B2 (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2002-12-03 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Digital recording and playback device |
WO2000046989A1 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-10 | Sony Corporation | Encoding device, encoding method, decoding device, decoding method, coding system and coding method |
DE69933929T2 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2007-06-06 | Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas | Providing digital audio and video products |
US6614843B1 (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2003-09-02 | Diva Systems Corporation | Stream indexing for delivery of interactive program guide |
US7152165B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2006-12-19 | Intertrust Technologies Corp. | Trusted storage systems and methods |
US6988238B1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2006-01-17 | Ati Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for handling errors and a system for receiving packet stream data |
JP3967871B2 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2007-08-29 | 株式会社日立製作所 | An image information creation device, an image communication terminal, an image distribution server, and an image information providing system. |
JP2002142192A (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2002-05-17 | Sony Corp | Apparatus and method for signal processing and for recording |
WO2002069638A1 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-09-06 | Nagravision Sa | Encryption of a compressed video stream |
GB2374258B (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2004-03-31 | Ibm | Method and apparatus for encryption of data |
US7218635B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2007-05-15 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Apparatus and method for indexing MPEG video data to perform special mode playback in a digital video recorder and indexed signal associated therewith |
US7340526B2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2008-03-04 | Intel Corporation | Automated content source validation for streaming data |
US7333614B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2008-02-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for encypting spread spectrum carrier |
US20030200548A1 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-10-23 | Paul Baran | Method and apparatus for viewer control of digital TV program start time |
US7155012B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2006-12-26 | Sony Corporation | Slice mask and moat pattern partial encryption |
US7231516B1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2007-06-12 | General Instrument Corporation | Networked digital video recording system with copy protection and random access playback |
DE10216117A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-10-23 | Philips Intellectual Property | Symbol sequence voice recognition involves determining sub-symbol sequence to be corrected by comparing second sequence with sub-sequences longer or shorter than second sequence by number of symbols |
US8392952B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2013-03-05 | Time Warner Cable Enterprises Llc | Programming content processing and management system and method |
JP3745709B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2006-02-15 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | Encoding device, decoding device, encoding method, decoding method, program, program recording medium, and data recording medium |
AU2003298560A1 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-05-04 | Exit-Cube, Inc. | Encrypting operating system |
US7295673B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2007-11-13 | Divx, Inc. | Method and system for securing compressed digital video |
US7512811B2 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2009-03-31 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Encryption/decryption method for data limited in value range, apparatus and program therefor |
US6996233B2 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-02-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for encrypting and verifying messages using three-phase encryption |
GB2404487A (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-02 | Sony Uk Ltd | Access control for digital storage medium content |
JP4336957B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2009-09-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | Transport stream encryption apparatus, editing apparatus, and methods thereof |
US7961874B2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2011-06-14 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum & Minerals | XZ-elliptic curve cryptography with secret key embedding |
US20050207569A1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-22 | Exavio, Inc | Methods and apparatus for preparing data for encrypted transmission |
US20060184790A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-08-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Protecting elementary stream content |
US20060036551A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-02-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Protecting elementary stream content |
US20050232139A1 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-10-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dual length block codes for multi-band OFDM |
US7590059B2 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2009-09-15 | Broadcom Corp. | Multistandard video decoder |
US20060143454A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2006-06-29 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Storage of multiple keys in memory |
US7747095B2 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2010-06-29 | Nvidia Corporation | Methods and systems for rate control in image compression |
US20060106870A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data compression using a nested hierarchy of fixed phrase length dictionaries |
CA2588630C (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2013-08-20 | Tivo Inc. | Method and apparatus for secure transfer of previously broadcasted content |
US7970010B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2011-06-28 | Broadcom Corporation | Upstream channel bonding in a cable communications system |
US7933410B2 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2011-04-26 | Comcast Cable Holdings, Llc | System and method for a variable key ladder |
US7769168B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-08-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Locally interative encryption generating compliant ciphertext for general syntax specifications |
US7953224B2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2011-05-31 | Microsoft Corporation | MPEG-4 encryption enabling transcoding without decryption |
JP5606676B2 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2014-10-15 | パナソニック・アビオニクス・コーポレイション | System and method for providing searchable data transmission stream encryption |
US8042140B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2011-10-18 | Kangaroo Media, Inc. | Buffering content on a handheld electronic device |
US20070083467A1 (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2007-04-12 | Apple Computer, Inc. | Partial encryption techniques for media data |
EP1798975A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-20 | Nagra France Sarl | Verschlüsselungs- und entschlüsselungs-Verfahren für Inhalt mit bedingtem Zugang. |
US7877594B1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2011-01-25 | Copytele, Inc. | Method and system for securing e-mail transmissions |
EP1887729A3 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2011-07-13 | Irdeto Access B.V. | Method of providing an encrypted data stream |
US20070255496A1 (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2007-11-01 | Fong Chee K | Methods and systems for incorporating global-positioning-system information into a data recording |
US7716699B2 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2010-05-11 | Microsoft Corporation | Control and playback of media over network link |
EP1885097A1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Interface module |
US20090063502A1 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Web-based content abstraction based on platform agnostic containers able to be exported to platform specific, user customizable portal pages |
EP2201775A2 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2010-06-30 | Thomson Licensing | High definition television transmission with mobile capability |
US8031953B2 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2011-10-04 | Himax Technologies Limited | Method and device for encoding image data with a predetermined compression rate in one pass |
US8837598B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2014-09-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | System and method for securely transmitting video over a network |
US20100023748A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-01-28 | Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation | Self checking encryption and decryption based on statistical sampling |
EP2081381A1 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-22 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for selective data encryption |
KR20090083758A (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for decoding concatenated code |
US8031959B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-10-04 | Himax Technologies Limited | Compression system for a bit-plane |
US8644675B2 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2014-02-04 | Deluxe Digital Studios, Inc. | Methods and systems for use in providing playback of variable length content in a fixed length framework |
US8233621B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2012-07-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Slice-based prioritized secure video streaming |
EP2352251A1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2011-08-03 | Panasonic Corporation | Content decoding apparatus, content decoding method and integrated circuit |
US7733247B1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-06-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for efficient data transmission with server side de-duplication |
JP5067361B2 (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2012-11-07 | ソニー株式会社 | Encoder and decoder, encoding method and decoding method, and recording medium |
US8195932B2 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2012-06-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Authentication and encryption for secure data transmission |
US8166132B1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2012-04-24 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Systems and methods for client-side encoding of user-generated content |
JP5526590B2 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2014-06-18 | ソニー株式会社 | Server apparatus, receiving apparatus, and stream distribution method |
US20130124849A1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2013-05-16 | Joseph D. Steele | System And Method For Individualizing Content For A Consumer |
US8942371B2 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2015-01-27 | Jerzy Henryk Urbanik | Method and system for a symmetric block cipher using a plurality of symmetric algorithms |
US10063812B2 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2018-08-28 | DISH Technologies L.L.C. | Systems and methods for media format transcoding |
US9027062B2 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2015-05-05 | Time Warner Cable Enterprises Llc | Gateway apparatus and methods for digital content delivery in a network |
US8712040B2 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2014-04-29 | Harlan J. Brothers | Data-conditioned encryption method |
US9654810B2 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2017-05-16 | Lattice Semiconductor Corporation | Mechanism for partial encryption of data streams |
US8930446B2 (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2015-01-06 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Altering transcoding priority |
US8687803B2 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2014-04-01 | Apple Inc. | Operational mode for block ciphers |
JP5845824B2 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2016-01-20 | 富士通株式会社 | Encryption program, decryption program, encryption method, decryption method, system, content generation method, and content decryption method |
US9008308B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-04-14 | Vixs Systems, Inc | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith |
-
2012
- 2012-03-19 US US13/423,981 patent/US9008308B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-19 US US13/423,947 patent/US9088805B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-19 US US13/423,876 patent/US9066117B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-02-07 EP EP13154474.4A patent/EP2627095B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-02-08 CN CN201310050823.0A patent/CN103338385B/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-02-09 US US14/617,653 patent/US9641322B2/en active Active
- 2015-02-09 US US14/617,588 patent/US20160013930A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (93)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5512977A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1996-04-30 | Pumpkin House Incorporated | Copying machine with encryption function |
US6347144B1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2002-02-12 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
US6028932A (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2000-02-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
USRE42922E1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2011-11-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
USRE42951E1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2011-11-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
USRE42950E1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2011-11-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
USRE41074E1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2010-01-12 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
USRE39319E1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2006-10-03 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
USRE42921E1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2011-11-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
US5761302A (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1998-06-02 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Copy prevention method and apparatus for digital video system |
US20040003008A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-01-01 | Wasilewski Anthony J. | Method for partially encrypting program data |
US20050259813A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2005-11-24 | Wasilewski Anthony J | Method for partially encrypting program data |
US20040107350A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-06-03 | Wasilewski Anthony J. | Method for partially encrypting program data |
US20040139337A1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-07-15 | Pinder Howard G. | Methods and apparatus for providing a partial dual-encrypted stream in a conditional access overlay system |
US5948119A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1999-09-07 | Bock; James M. | Packet-based fifo |
US5933501A (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1999-08-03 | Harris Corporation | `Virtual` encryption scheme combining different encryption operators into compound-encryption mechanism |
US6463537B1 (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 2002-10-08 | Codex Technologies, Inc. | Modified computer motherboard security and identification system |
US7434052B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2008-10-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Method and device for producing an encrypted payload data stream and method and device for decrypting an encrypted payload data stream |
US7308099B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2007-12-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Device and method for producing an encoded audio and/or video data stream |
US20070140307A1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2007-06-21 | Guillaume Mercier | High Definition Media Storage Structure and Playback Mechanism |
US20050114909A1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2005-05-26 | Guillaume Mercier | High definition media storage structure and playback mechanism |
US6865747B1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2005-03-08 | Digital Video Express, L.P. | High definition media storage structure and playback mechanism |
US7203955B2 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2007-04-10 | Digital Video Express, L.P. | High definition media storage structure and playback mechanism |
US20030028706A1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-02-06 | Fujitsu Limited | Information recording/reproducing apparatus |
US7058179B1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2006-06-06 | Sony Corporation | Method and system for a secure high bandwidth bus in a transceiver device |
US6501369B1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2002-12-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Vehicle security system having unlimited key programming |
US7095858B2 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2006-08-22 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | System and method for securely upgrading firmware |
US7287168B2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2007-10-23 | Sony Corporation | Partial encryption and PID mapping |
US7350082B2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2008-03-25 | Sony Corporation | Upgrading of encryption |
US20020196939A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-26 | Unger Robert Allan | Decoding and decryption of partially encrypted information |
US7127619B2 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2006-10-24 | Sony Corporation | Decoding and decryption of partially encrypted information |
US20030081776A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2003-05-01 | Candelore Brant L. | Elementary stream partial encryption |
US20130156186A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2013-06-20 | Brant L. Candelore | Partial multiple encryption |
US20030037213A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-02-20 | Andreas Mittag | Method for protecting a microcomputer system against manipulation of its program |
US7657032B2 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2010-02-02 | Sony Corporation | Data outputting method, recording method and apparatus, reproducing method and apparatus, and data transmitting method and receiving method |
US20040028231A1 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2004-02-12 | Yoichiro Sako | Data outputting method, recording method and apparatus, reproducing method and apparatus, and data transmitting method and receiving method |
US20040073917A1 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2004-04-15 | Sony Corporation | System and method for partially encrypted multimedia stream |
US20110311045A1 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2011-12-22 | Candelore Brant L | Partial Multiple Encryption |
US20030152368A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-08-14 | Satoshi Kitani | Data playback apparatus and method |
US20050141713A1 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2005-06-30 | Scm Microsystems Gmbh | Selective multimedia data encryption |
US20030231767A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-12-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Efficient encryption of image data |
US20040008864A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | Kaleidescape, Inc. | Watermarking and fingerprinting digital content using alternative blocks to embed information |
US20040028227A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-12 | Yu Hong Heather | Partial encryption of stream-formatted media |
US20040047470A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-03-11 | Candelore Brant L. | Multiple partial encryption using retuning |
US8036250B1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2011-10-11 | Bigband Networks Inc. | Method and apparatus of mutliplexing media streams |
US20040123094A1 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-24 | Eric Sprunk | Efficient distribution of encrypted content for multiple content access systems |
US20040167860A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-26 | First Data Corporation | Methods and systems for negotiable-instrument fraud prevention |
US8571993B2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2013-10-29 | Irdeto Usa, Inc. | Reprogrammable security for controlling piracy and enabling interactive content |
US20080137848A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2008-06-12 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Reprogrammable security for controlling piracy and enabling interactive content |
US8055910B2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2011-11-08 | Rovi Solutions Corporation | Reprogrammable security for controlling piracy and enabling interactive content |
US8131646B2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2012-03-06 | Rovi Solutions Corporation | Reprogrammable security for controlling piracy and enabling interactive content using revocation status |
US20070033419A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2007-02-08 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Reprogrammable security for controlling piracy and enabling interactive content |
US8243921B1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2012-08-14 | Sony Corporation | Decryption system |
US7286667B1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-10-23 | Sony Corporation | Decryption system |
US20090147954A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2009-06-11 | Howard Pinder | Partial Dual-Encryption Using Program Map Tables |
US20050123136A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-09 | Daeyang Foundation | Motion picture file encryption method and digital rights management method using the same |
US20110119699A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2011-05-19 | Querell Data Limited Liability Company | Process and system for the secure broadcasting of protected audiovisual streams to a dynamic group of receivers |
US20060056625A1 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Sumie Nakabayashi | Encryption method, encryption apparatus, data storage distribution apparatus and data delivery system |
US7636439B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2009-12-22 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Inc. | Encryption method, encryption apparatus, data storage distribution apparatus and data delivery system |
US20060086796A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-04-27 | Denso Corporation | Image signal output device, coded image signal generation method, image signal output program, camera operation system, camera operation program, matrix code decoding device, and matrix code decoding program |
US7604172B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2009-10-20 | Denso Corporation | Image signal output device and a method of generating a coded image signal |
US7841531B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2010-11-30 | Denso Corporation | Camera operating system and matrix code decoding device |
US20060222178A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Munemitsu Kuwabara | System and method for communicating encrypted data |
US7668314B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2010-02-23 | Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Inc. | System and method for communicating encrypted data |
US20080273698A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2008-11-06 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Device for and a Method of Processing a Data Stream Having a Sequence of Packets and Timing Information Related to the Packets |
US8199356B2 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2012-06-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Printing management system and printing management method |
US20070103715A1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-10 | Hiroaki Nakata | Printing management system and printing management method |
US8264731B1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2012-09-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Printing management system and printing management method |
US20120213363A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2012-08-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Device for and a method of processing a data stream |
US8170210B2 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2012-05-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Device for and a method of processing data stream |
US20080317246A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-12-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Device for and a Method of Processing Data Stream |
US20070160208A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Widevine Technologies, Inc. | Selective and persistent application level encrytion for video provided to a client |
US20070192789A1 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-16 | Sbc Knowledge Ventures L.P. | Inserting data objects into encrypted video streams |
US7802277B2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2010-09-21 | Att Knowledge Ventures, L.P. | Inserting data objects into encrypted video streams |
US20110004899A1 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2011-01-06 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | System, method and computer readable medium for inserting data objects into encryped video stream |
US8201195B2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2012-06-12 | At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp | System, method and computer readable medium for inserting data objects into encrypted video stream |
US20070255941A1 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-01 | Advanced Communication Concepts | Method and system for securing data utilizing reconfigurable logic |
US20070263860A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Buchen Neil B | System and method for dynamically allocating stream identifiers in a multi-encryption transport stream |
US20070263864A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Buchen Neil B | System and method for dynamically allocating stream identifiers in a multi-encryption transport system |
US20080310630A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Candelore Brant L | Selective encryption to enable trick play with enhanced security |
US7929698B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-04-19 | Sony Corporation | Selective encryption to enable trick play with enhanced security |
US7486273B1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-03 | Novint Technologies, Inc. | Communications in a system comprising a computer and a haptic interface device |
US8300010B2 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2012-10-30 | Novint Technologies, Inc. | Communications with a haptic interface device from a host computer |
US20090208000A1 (en) * | 2008-02-19 | 2009-08-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Signature management method and signature management device |
US20110194688A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2011-08-11 | Thales | Method and System Making it Possible to Protect After Compression the Confidentiality of the Data of a Video Stream During Its Transmission |
US20090307491A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-10 | Sony Corporation | Information processing device, information processing method, program and communication system |
US20110119480A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-05-19 | Thomson Licensing | Methods and apparatuses for selective data encryption |
US8196694B2 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2012-06-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vehicle immobilizer methods and apparatus based on driver impairment |
US20120134496A1 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-05-31 | Eyal Farkash | Partial encryption using variable block-sizes parameters |
US8159373B2 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-04-17 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Encoding and decoding information |
US9104882B2 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2015-08-11 | Comcast Cable Communications, Llc | Reconfigurable access network encryption architecture |
US8726387B2 (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2014-05-13 | F-Secure Corporation | Detecting a trojan horse |
US20130064368A1 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-14 | Frédéric Lefebvre | Methods and devices for selective format-preserving data encryption |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150181308A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
US20130205331A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
US20130202109A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
EP2627095A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
CN103338385B (en) | 2018-02-13 |
US9066117B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
US20130202110A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
CN103338385A (en) | 2013-10-02 |
US9641322B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
US9008308B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
EP2627095B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
US9088805B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9641322B2 (en) | Container agnostic decryption device and methods for use therewith | |
US20080291999A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for video frame marking | |
US20110170687A1 (en) | Content decoding apparatus, content decoding method and integrated circuit | |
US8917868B2 (en) | Adaptable encryption device and methods for use therewith | |
WO2021072878A1 (en) | Audio/video data encryption and decryption method and apparatus employing rtmp, and readable storage medium | |
US9485533B2 (en) | Systems and methods for assembling and extracting command and control data | |
US10380358B2 (en) | MPEG transport frame synchronization | |
US7570766B2 (en) | Transparently embedding non-compliant data in a data stream | |
KR101343527B1 (en) | Method for Producing and playing Digital Cinema Contents and Apparatus for producing and playing digital cinema contents using the method | |
JP6411862B2 (en) | File generation method and file generation apparatus | |
CN109743627B (en) | Playing method of digital movie package based on AVS + video coding | |
CN109561345B (en) | Digital movie packaging method based on AVS + coding format | |
US20170005993A9 (en) | Content access device with programmable interface and methods for use therewith | |
TWI450538B (en) | System and method for decrypting multi-media stream data | |
US9503775B2 (en) | Content access device with polling processor and methods for use therewith | |
WO2015072127A1 (en) | File generation method and file generation apparatus | |
GB2490492A (en) | Encrypted data format conversion for a conditional access module (CAM) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |