US2196342A - Acoustic compensator - Google Patents
Acoustic compensator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2196342A US2196342A US185218A US18521838A US2196342A US 2196342 A US2196342 A US 2196342A US 185218 A US185218 A US 185218A US 18521838 A US18521838 A US 18521838A US 2196342 A US2196342 A US 2196342A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ribbon
- microphone
- velocity
- openings
- shutter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/222—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only for microphones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
Definitions
- This invention relates to a microphone and more particularly to a novel acoustic compensator for the velocity actuated ribbon microphone. and to a pitch or tone control therefor.
- the velocity actuated ribbon microphone consists in general of a metallic conducting ribbon or thin strip of corrugated metal positioned in a magnetic field and freely accessible to sound waves.
- this microphone When this microphone is placed in a sound field. the dierence in phase between the sound waves impressed on the two sides of the ribbon causes a pressure difference to exist between the two sides and moves the ribbon in the magnetic field. This movement in turn generates an electrical current which may be suitably amplified and reproduced in a manner well known in the art.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an attachment for a velocity actuated ribbon type microphone by means of which such microphone may be converted into a pressure actuated microphone.
- a further object is to provide a means for gradually decreasing the amplitude of the low frequency response of the velocity microphone so that the change to a pressure operated microphone is effected gradually and at will.
- Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view, 10 partly diagrammatic, taken through ak velocity or ribbon type microphone, with the tone control mechanism applied thereto;
- Figure 2 is an elevation of the rear face of the microphone, showing the means for operating-the l5 tone control; j
- Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the microphone taken along the line 3-8 of Figure 2;
- Figures 4 and 5 are curves illustrating various characteristics of a microphone according to the go presentv invention.
- Figure 6 shows a modified form of the invention.
- the invention comprises a microphone casing i of. the type having a ribbon capable of either u velocity or pressure operation, diagrammatically shown at 2.
- the front and rear faces of the microphone casing have spaced vertically arranged bars I forming a grille.
- a plate or wall 4 is fixed to the lrear face of the microphone and is 30 spaced from and arranged substantially parallel .to the diaphragm 2.
- This plate is provided with a large opening 5 which, as presently shown, extends over a third of the area of said wall.
- the side edges 8, 8 thereof are bent forwardly and 35 towards each other, and are spaced slightly from the main body to provide guiding passageways 1,
- a sliding shutter 8 which is supported therein.
- the shutter carries a U-shaped bracket 8, the base of which is fixed to the shutter, with 40 the arms extending through the casing and loosely embracing one of the vertical bars 3, as shown in Figure 3.
- the shutter is covered with fabric I8 on both faces.
- a button lll is secured between the arms of the U-shaped bracket by a 45 rivet Il, or otherwise.
- Conventional ribbon microphone poles and other conventional mechanism which is located beneath and to each side of the ribbon 2, is indicated at P in Figures 1 and 3.
- the shutter 8 is in par- 50 tially opened position and the ribbon is therefore partially pressure, and partially velocity, operated.
- Figures 4 and 5 mostrate the difference in operation when the shutter is closed or open. As shown, the ribbon has very much greater movement with lower frequencies when operated as a velocity microphone according to Figure 4 and substantial constant movement with both high and low frequencies as shown in Figure 5.
- FIG 6 shows a modified form of the invention in which one wall il of the microphone is provided with a series of openings I2, corresponding in function to the grille 3 of Figure l.
- a rotatable disk i3 is mounted on this wall by a pin il which is used also to rotate the disk, and it is provided with openings which may be aligned with the openings l2 to cause the microphone to be velocity operated, as described above.
- the openings i2 are partially closed the microphone is partially pressure and partially velocity operated; when wholly closed, the microphone is pressure operated.
- a casing for said ribbon having openings on both sides of the ribbon so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon, and a shutter movable to close one of said openings to a greater or lesser degree, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause the pressure operation of the ribbon, and when moved to open position to cause the velocity operation thereof.
- a casing therefor having a plurality of openings, one of the openings being on one side of the ribbon and another on the other side thereof so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon, a closure member for one of said openings comprising a plate having opposed guiding members, said last mentioned opening being intermediate the guiding members and a shutter held in said guiding members and slidable to close said last mentioned opening, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause pressure operation of said ribbon. and when moved to open position to cause velocity operation thereof.
- a casing therefor having a plurality of openings, one of the openings being on one side of the ribbon and another on the other side thereof so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon.
- opposed guiding members on each side of one of said openings and a slidable shutter held in said guiding members and slidable to cover said opening, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause the pressure operation of the ribbon, and when moved to open position to cause the velocity operation thereof.
- a casing therefor having a plurality of openings, one of the openings being on one side of the ribbon and another on the other side thereof so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon, a closure member for one of said openings comprising a plate having opposed side edges thereof bent forwardly and toward each other to form opposed guiding members, said last-mentioned opening being intermediate the guiding members and a shutter held in said guiding members and slidable to close said last mentioned opening, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause the pressure operation of the ribbon, and when moved to open position to cause the velocity operation thereof.
- a closure member for one of said openings comprising a rotatable disk with openings spaced to correspond to the openings of one of said walls, whereby upon selective operation of said disk, the microphone may be wholly velocity, wholly pressure, or partly pressure and partly velocity, operated.
Description
April 9, 1940- s. RUTTENBERG 2,196,342
ACOUSTIC COMPENSATOR Filed Jan. 15, 1938 5am zza/fatte@ 567:57
Patented Apr. 9, 1940 UNITED STATES4 PATENT OFFICE" ACOUSTIC OOMPENSATOB samuel Battenberg, New York, N. r. Application January 15. 1938, Serial No. 185,218 5 Clalllll- (Cl. 178-138) This invention relates to a microphone and more particularly to a novel acoustic compensator for the velocity actuated ribbon microphone. and to a pitch or tone control therefor.
5 The velocity actuated ribbon microphone consists in general of a metallic conducting ribbon or thin strip of corrugated metal positioned in a magnetic field and freely accessible to sound waves. When this microphone is placed in a sound field. the dierence in phase between the sound waves impressed on the two sides of the ribbon causes a pressure difference to exist between the two sides and moves the ribbon in the magnetic field. This movement in turn generates an electrical current which may be suitably amplified and reproduced in a manner well known in the art. j
This manner of actuation of the velocity microphone is, of course, dependent on sound waves having free access to both sides of the ribbon, and the ribbon in this type of. microphone is therefore enclosed in a casing which is open both in front and rear and is responsive to sound waves from either front or rear directions.
It has been found that when talking close to a microphone of this type, the low notes or frequencies become objectionably accentuated, giving unsatisfactory reproduction. This is due to `the fact that the low frequency waves cause the ribbon to vibrate as a unit, while at close distances the high frequency waves cause the ribbon to vibrate in sections, and the current generated in one section of the ribbon is opposite in direction to the current generated in the other sections thereof. In other words, when a high frequency wave from a close distance strikes a ribbon, suflicient difference in phase may exist in these small wave length waves to actuate one sec-- tion of the ribbon in a different direction than another section thereof. If the volume is sufiiciently high, therefore, to satisfactorily reproduce high frequencies, it will over-emphasize the low notes. The reproduction of these accentuated low notes or frequencies has a tendency to result in a booming tone, and one of the objects of this invention is, therefore, to overcome this undesirable booming so as to enable these low frequencies and notes to be reproduced naturally and without distortion.
Another object of this invention is to provide an attachment for a velocity actuated ribbon type microphone by means of which such microphone may be converted into a pressure actuated microphone. A further object is to provide a means for gradually decreasing the amplitude of the low frequency response of the velocity microphone so that the change to a pressure operated microphone is effected gradually and at will.
The inventionwill be best understood from the following description in association with the ac- 5 companying drawing, wherein like references refer to like parts, and in which the structure i1- lustrated embodies different forms of the invention.
Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view, 10 partly diagrammatic, taken through ak velocity or ribbon type microphone, with the tone control mechanism applied thereto;
Figure 2 is an elevation of the rear face of the microphone, showing the means for operating-the l5 tone control; j
Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the microphone taken along the line 3-8 of Figure 2;
Figures 4 and 5 are curves illustrating various characteristics of a microphone according to the go presentv invention;
Figure 6 shows a modified form of the invention.
The invention comprises a microphone casing i of. the type having a ribbon capable of either u velocity or pressure operation, diagrammatically shown at 2. The front and rear faces of the microphone casing have spaced vertically arranged bars I forming a grille. A plate or wall 4 is fixed to the lrear face of the microphone and is 30 spaced from and arranged substantially parallel .to the diaphragm 2. This plate is provided with a large opening 5 which, as presently shown, extends over a third of the area of said wall. The side edges 8, 8 thereof are bent forwardly and 35 towards each other, and are spaced slightly from the main body to provide guiding passageways 1,
1' for a sliding shutter 8 which is supported therein. The shutter carries a U-shaped bracket 8, the base of which is fixed to the shutter, with 40 the arms extending through the casing and loosely embracing one of the vertical bars 3, as shown in Figure 3. The shutter is covered with fabric I8 on both faces. A button lll is secured between the arms of the U-shaped bracket by a 45 rivet Il, or otherwise. Conventional ribbon microphone poles and other conventional mechanism which is located beneath and to each side of the ribbon 2, is indicated at P in Figures 1 and 3. As shown in Figure l, the shutter 8 is in par- 50 tially opened position and the ribbon is therefore partially pressure, and partially velocity, operated. When the shutter is in its uppermost position, the entire back of the microphone is closed and the microphone ribbon is pressure operated Il as the sound waves do not have access to the ribbon from the rear. This pressure operation will tend to minimize the eect of the lower frequencies as compared to the velocity operation (operation with open shutter) and thus eliminate booming.
Figures 4 and 5 mostrate the difference in operation when the shutter is closed or open. As shown, the ribbon has very much greater movement with lower frequencies when operated as a velocity microphone according to Figure 4 and substantial constant movement with both high and low frequencies as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 6 shows a modified form of the invention in which one wall il of the microphone is provided with a series of openings I2, corresponding in function to the grille 3 of Figure l. A rotatable disk i3 is mounted on this wall by a pin il which is used also to rotate the disk, and it is provided with openings which may be aligned with the openings l2 to cause the microphone to be velocity operated, as described above. When the openings i2 are partially closed the microphone is partially pressure and partially velocity operated; when wholly closed, the microphone is pressure operated.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. In a microphone of the vibrating ribbon type capable of velocity or pressure operation, a casing for said ribbon having openings on both sides of the ribbon so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon, and a shutter movable to close one of said openings to a greater or lesser degree, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause the pressure operation of the ribbon, and when moved to open position to cause the velocity operation thereof.
2. In combination with a microphone of the vibrating ribbon type capable of velocity or pressure operation, a casing therefor having a plurality of openings, one of the openings being on one side of the ribbon and another on the other side thereof so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon, a closure member for one of said openings comprising a plate having opposed guiding members, said last mentioned opening being intermediate the guiding members and a shutter held in said guiding members and slidable to close said last mentioned opening, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause pressure operation of said ribbon. and when moved to open position to cause velocity operation thereof.
3. In combination with a microphone of the vibrating ribbon type capable of velocity or pressure operation, a casing therefor having a plurality of openings, one of the openings being on one side of the ribbon and another on the other side thereof so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon. opposed guiding members on each side of one of said openings and a slidable shutter held in said guiding members and slidable to cover said opening, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause the pressure operation of the ribbon, and when moved to open position to cause the velocity operation thereof.
4. In combination with a microphone of the vibrating ribbon type capable of velocity or pressure operation, a casing therefor having a plurality of openings, one of the openings being on one side of the ribbon and another on the other side thereof so as to permit sound waves to have free access to said ribbon, a closure member for one of said openings comprising a plate having opposed side edges thereof bent forwardly and toward each other to form opposed guiding members, said last-mentioned opening being intermediate the guiding members and a shutter held in said guiding members and slidable to close said last mentioned opening, said shutter when moved to closed position being effective to cause the pressure operation of the ribbon, and when moved to open position to cause the velocity operation thereof.
5. In combination with a microphone of the vibrating ribbon type, a casing therefor having openings in two opposite side walls thereof, and a ribbon disposed between said openings, a closure member for one of said openings comprising a rotatable disk with openings spaced to correspond to the openings of one of said walls, whereby upon selective operation of said disk, the microphone may be wholly velocity, wholly pressure, or partly pressure and partly velocity, operated.
SAMUEL RUT'IENBERG.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US185218A US2196342A (en) | 1938-01-15 | 1938-01-15 | Acoustic compensator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US185218A US2196342A (en) | 1938-01-15 | 1938-01-15 | Acoustic compensator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2196342A true US2196342A (en) | 1940-04-09 |
Family
ID=22680091
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US185218A Expired - Lifetime US2196342A (en) | 1938-01-15 | 1938-01-15 | Acoustic compensator |
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Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463762A (en) * | 1941-11-14 | 1949-03-08 | Automatic Elect Lab | Electroacoustical transducer |
US2512467A (en) * | 1946-07-31 | 1950-06-20 | Rca Corp | Single element, unidirectional, dynamic microphone |
US2515031A (en) * | 1948-03-31 | 1950-07-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microphone having controllable directional response pattern |
US2518805A (en) * | 1945-08-24 | 1950-08-15 | Massa Frank | Resonant chamber for microphones |
US2527344A (en) * | 1947-01-30 | 1950-10-24 | Rca Corp | Pressure gradient responsive microphone |
US2540498A (en) * | 1949-03-18 | 1951-02-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microphone damping system having rear openings |
US2552878A (en) * | 1947-09-24 | 1951-05-15 | Electro Voice | Second order differential microphone |
US2627932A (en) * | 1947-01-30 | 1953-02-10 | Rca Corp | Acoustic filter for microphones |
US2858898A (en) * | 1952-08-02 | 1958-11-04 | Cinquini | |
US2862070A (en) * | 1953-07-10 | 1958-11-25 | App Et D Expl Des Ets | Microphone |
US3826333A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-07-30 | J Buckwalter | Baffle for a sound producing device |
US4009355A (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1977-02-22 | Roanwell Corporation | Reversible anti-noise microphone |
USD415767S (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 1999-10-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Speaker microphone for a portable communication device |
USD416912S (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 1999-11-23 | Merry Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microphone for communication |
USD418512S (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-01-04 | Shure Incorporated | Microphone |
USD737253S1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2015-08-25 | Clifford Allan Henricksen | Microphone with elastomeric support |
USD848984S1 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-05-21 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Wireless microphone |
USD901459S1 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-10 | Yang Zhao | Microphone pop filter |
USD994647S1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-08-08 | Ohma World 2 Inc. | Microphone |
-
1938
- 1938-01-15 US US185218A patent/US2196342A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463762A (en) * | 1941-11-14 | 1949-03-08 | Automatic Elect Lab | Electroacoustical transducer |
US2518805A (en) * | 1945-08-24 | 1950-08-15 | Massa Frank | Resonant chamber for microphones |
US2512467A (en) * | 1946-07-31 | 1950-06-20 | Rca Corp | Single element, unidirectional, dynamic microphone |
US2527344A (en) * | 1947-01-30 | 1950-10-24 | Rca Corp | Pressure gradient responsive microphone |
US2627932A (en) * | 1947-01-30 | 1953-02-10 | Rca Corp | Acoustic filter for microphones |
US2552878A (en) * | 1947-09-24 | 1951-05-15 | Electro Voice | Second order differential microphone |
US2515031A (en) * | 1948-03-31 | 1950-07-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microphone having controllable directional response pattern |
US2540498A (en) * | 1949-03-18 | 1951-02-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Microphone damping system having rear openings |
US2858898A (en) * | 1952-08-02 | 1958-11-04 | Cinquini | |
US2862070A (en) * | 1953-07-10 | 1958-11-25 | App Et D Expl Des Ets | Microphone |
US3826333A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1974-07-30 | J Buckwalter | Baffle for a sound producing device |
US4009355A (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1977-02-22 | Roanwell Corporation | Reversible anti-noise microphone |
USD415767S (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 1999-10-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Speaker microphone for a portable communication device |
USD416912S (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 1999-11-23 | Merry Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microphone for communication |
USD418512S (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-01-04 | Shure Incorporated | Microphone |
USD737253S1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2015-08-25 | Clifford Allan Henricksen | Microphone with elastomeric support |
USD848984S1 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-05-21 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Wireless microphone |
USD901459S1 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-10 | Yang Zhao | Microphone pop filter |
USD994647S1 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-08-08 | Ohma World 2 Inc. | Microphone |
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