US2287714A - Drill bit - Google Patents

Description

- IJune23,1942@ c. LQ WALKER Y 2,287,714

mu V3 .Egg El E INVENTOR 1 -BY y 75g ed in Y T ORNE K5;

lowered into thebore.Y

ceivlngand `locking `the arms 'relativeftheretor- Patented June 23,1942

nnnlrgmr clinton L Walker, Piedmont, cant. ApplicationNovembers,1939,seria1No;3o3,oo4 claims (digas-75) f i My invention relates to apparatsfor drilling wells, and particularly `to 'a drilling "tool or "bit, which is attachable and detachableto and from j i theend ofa hollow drill stem while in the bored The invention relates more specifically to the rotiairy type of well drilling apparatuswherein a rotary drill stemor `shaltis progressively loweredwithin the hole as. itl isbored, The drill shaft is composed of seotionswhich arepro'gressively added as the bitextends thebore. The bit t is `secured to the end of the drill shaft and heret 1 @tofore when brokenA or d ulled, the'fentire shaft, i was :withdrawn from lthe bore through 1the'dis-` connection of the shaft sections. ."literjtheA bit 15 i .wasrepaired 'or replaced, lthe sections were again f; connectedV together as-the bit was progressively t t )In practicing my present invention, I provide i ya bit for ahollow drill `shaft which may be low- `20 ered through theshafts hollow interior to its end here it' Vis secured, eliminating 4the withdrawal of the shaft'fromthe bore. Material time and ost-irrlabor is savedwhenthenecessity` of rei peatedwithdrawals of the drill shaft from `the l" boreis avoided.V i y f device embodies a sleeve of a diameter less Le,than that, of the` drill shaft, having a sleeve tele scoped therewithin which isv movable longitudi` y nally relative toythe outersleeve. The sleeve f'carries `arms "upon which cutting rollers are mounted, .operated `outwardly `into1 cutting posi- .tion byataperedend on the innersleeve which engagescam"surfaces'on the arm.V `lfeeesses are fprovidedingthe endf of the'drive shaft for re- 35 Locking means areV also provided ,between the t innerandoutersleeve operated by tongs which are guided `into the inner confines ofthe inner;

\sleeve'lbyyconical ends on the two sleeves. l

With thev two sleeves in `extended relation sup-f `i t ported on the loweringtongs, thecutting bits are in' retracted position `so that the entire device pass through the hollow interior of the drill Qshaft. When the endof `the outer sleeve reaches "fthe bottom of thebore, the inner sleeve continues.

to imove I downwardly, `camming outwardly the i, arms andthe rollers into tcuttingV-positiomtAs t i thelowering tongs move downwardly out of envgagement withy the locking pins on the inner sleeve, the pins moveoutwardly to fastenthe two l i sleeves together. When the tongs arereleased in i thismanner,1 Athey are i so constructed asV to collapse` so that they may begWithdrawn-i'rom the inner `sleeve and the `drill shaft. t l 1 When it is necessary to withdraw the cutting 't bits from the driving shaft, aset of withdrawing tongs are employed rwhich are loweredthrough y. the drillfshaft into engagement withthe sleeves andguided by the slopingends on the sleevesto.60

V,the ,locking pins l when t draw the pins from engagement with the outer :Furnier` v[to provide an expansible meansf Vfor expanding the cutters, which is insertable through adrill stem of the rtool into cutered into the bore on 'drilling'rig `which is simple in construction, posil or will become apparent better understanding of my invention, to the folthe accompanying drawingswherein:

t tool in expanded position;

the interior o'f` Vth'einner sleeves." The ends of the tongs expand withinthe sleeve and engage initially raised; and withsleeve, to thereby lrelease the sleeves.

upper movein'entfof the tongs moves the inner .sleeve `upwardly@relative to the outer sleeve,v thereby permittingv theiarms and theassociated 4drilling cutters 'to move inwardly and clear the "inner` surface `of Vthe driving shaft sleeve is withdrawnotherefrom. 'i f as the outer u Accordingly,"the main objects of 'my invention are; to provide a tool havingroller cutterslfor the end ofjaudrill stem or shaft of a welldrilling rig `whien` is insertabie through theisheft tota -`position "onthe endthereof within the bore;'to Vprovide a drilling tool havingcollapsible roller cutters which pass through the drill Vstem of a ,drillingrig andH thereafter are expanded `and ,locled to the stem at. the bottom of ythe bore;

roller cutter' tool, with ting position and.for"locking the tool on the end of the stern; Yto provide a toolhaving collapsible rock` cuttinglrollers which may be lowthe drill shaft; to provide a tool movable through a `drill stem having'adjustable rock cutting rollers on one element and non-adjustable rock cut- `ting rollers""on another element with the latter element having means for adjusting the position .of the adjustable rollers; and'in general, to provide a rock cutting tool for a drill stem of a tive in operation, andreconomical of manufacture.- Other objects and featureslof novelty of my invention will beeither specicallypointed out When'refer'ring, for a lowing description, takendn] conjunction with Figure 1 is `a sectional i view ofal drilling tool embodying features `of my' invention, `with "the Fig. 2 is a` sectional View of the structure illustrated in l, taken on'gthe line 2.2 thereof,

Villustrating `'tongs for removing the-tool fromthe end of thedrill shaft;

t Fig. 3` is a view as' indicated byline 3 3 of the l "lower end of thestructure :illustrated in Fig.v 1`; ,F.ei.V 4 is *a view, partly vin section through a pivot member, of the structure illustrated in Fie. 1;`V i w a cable through Athe Y flush Y Iouter sleeve 2 through l 25, projecting in Fig. 5 is a view of the structure illustrated in Fig. l with the drilling tool in collapsed position;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of structure similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1, showing a modified form of my invention;

Fig. l is a view of structure similar to that illustrated in Fig. 6, with the drilling tool in expanded position;

Fig. 8 is an end trated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is an end view of in Fig. 6;

Fig. 10 is a view ployed for lowering drill; and,

Fig. 11 is a that illustrated in of my invention. Referring to Figs.

view of the structure illusthe structure illustrated of the detachable tongs emthe drilling tool through the broken view of structure similar to Fig. 2, showing a modified form l to 5 inclusive, I have illustrated a drill shaft I of a drilling rig which has secured to the end thereof at .the bottom ofthe bore my new and novel drilling tool.. The mechanism. comprises an outer sleeve 2 and an inner sleeve 3 disposed in extensible, telescoping relation. A pair of vconical shaped cutters 4 are supported on the end of the sleeve 2 on arms 5 which are disposed in slots in the sleeve end. The arms 5 have cam .surfaces`6 thereon andare supported on pivots 1 for swinging movement to and from cutting position,.as illustrated in Figs.'1 and 5. t j t -A pair of roller cutters are mounted on a shaft I3 `on either side of a support I8 on the end of the inner sleeve 3. The sleeve 3 has projections 20 on opposite sides thereof 2| in the outer sleeve 2. Passageways 9 in the projections 20 communicate through the passageway I5 with the orifices I6 inthe support I8, providing a passage for the drilling fluid pumped down through the drill stern through apertures ID in the wall of the inner sleeve 3 and out through the orifices I6.to the rollers. The closed end I4 of the inner sleeve 3 is provided with a tapered extension l1 on the'end of which the support I8 is provided. The tapered walls I1 cooperate with the cam surfaces 8 of the arms 5 and thereby force the arms outwardly when in lowered position. When in this position the arms 5` and sleeve 2 are locked to the end of the stem I to resist the weight of the stern and the torque of the stem when driven. v A threaded element I3V is screwed upon the end of the inner sleeve 3,- providing a projecting shoulder which mates with a ledge on the inner surface of the sleeve 2 to limit the downward movement of the inner sleeve. A plurality of pins II lock the inner sleeve 3 relative to the thev projection of the pins into apertures 23 in the outer sleeve. Each pin is provided with a notch 24 having a sloping surface, by which the pins are retracted. Springs the notches urgethe pins outwardly Within the notches 23 in the sleeve 2 and thereby lock the two sleeves together.'

In Fig. 2, I have illustrated a set of tongs I2, the pins II lto produce the separation of the sleeves and the collapse of themtool, to permit the withdrawal of the tool rrmthe drill shaft through the hollow interior thereof. The tongs embody agsupport 28,'having an eye 21 supported on a cable 28. A plurality of hook elements 29 are pivoted to the support 26 on the pivots 3I.

are provided with extensions 32, encompassed by which operate in slotsv The upper end of the armsv a garter spring 33, which expands the ends 34 of the hook elements 29 outwardly, as illustrated in the figure. The ends 34, when the hook elements are collapsed, assume the shape of a truncated cone which passes through the opening 22 in the inner sleeve 3 when lowered. The tapered surface is provided on the ends of the sleeves 2 and 3 to guide the tongs through the opening 22 by having the ends of the tongs collapse against the bias of the spring 33 due to the Weight of the tongs. When the tongs enter the aperture 22, the garter spring 33 expands the hooked ends and therefore 34 to a position of engagement with the sloping surface of the notch 24 in the pins Il. 'The pins are moved inwardly, withdrawing the ends from the apertures 23, thereby unlocking the inner sleeve 3 from the 'outer sleeve'z'upon the initial upward movement of the tongs.

Further upward movement of the tongs moves the inner sleeve upwardly relative to the outer sleeve untilthe projections 20 abut against the upper end of the slot 2I Thereupon, the outer sleeve 2 is supported on the inner sleeve 3 and is withdrawn through the drill shaft. Upon the initial upward movement of the inner sleeve 3, the cam surface I1 moves out of contact with the cams `8 on the arms 5, permitting the arms, the rollers 4, to move inwardly within the diameter of drillshaft I. This inward position of the arms is illustrated in Fig. 5 where the outer casing 2 is illustrated as being supported on the inner casing 3 within the drive shaft I, the casing being supported bythe tongs I2 onthe cable 28. h Y

In Fig. 10 I have illustrated a second set of tongs 31 embodying a support 38 upon which a plurality of hook elements 38, as four in number, are pivotally mounted. The support 38 is-slidable upon a body 4I of an I bolt 42, carrying a cylindrical element 43 against which lever arms 44 on the upper end of the elements 39 abut. Hook ends 34, similar to those above described relative to tongs I2, are engageable with the sloping surface of the notch 24 of the pins Il. The inner sleeve 3 is illustrated as being supported on the tongs with the pins II drawn inwardly by the ends 34 of the elements 33. When the rollers 4 project below the end'of the casing I and strike the bottom of the bore, the continued downward movement of the inner sleeve 3 will cause the cam surfaces I1 to force the arms 5, andA therefore the cutters 4 outwardly to cutting position, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Thereupon, the lowering of the tongs releases the pins Il, which are movedr outwardly by the springs 25 into the apertures 23 in the outer casing 2. In view of the lever arms 44 resting upon the element 43, the elements 39, and therefore the hooks 34, are swung inwardly, so that upon the upward movement of the tongs 31 the ends 34 pass out of the opening 22, and are withdrawn fromthe drill shaft. After the bits 4 become dulled or damaged. requiring the drilling tool to be withdrawn, the tongs I2 are employed for disconnecting the tool from the end of the drill shaft and for withdrawing the device .outwardly therethrough.

In Figs'. 7, 8, and 9 I have illustrated a further form of my invention, that wherein four of the cutters 4 are employed on the end of the outer sleeve.4 Arms 5 are employed suspended on pins 1 equally spaced about the end of the sleeve 2 while the'end of the inner sleeve 3 is provided with four sloping surfaces I1 for operating the arms 5 when the inner sleeve 3 is lowered relaherein illustrated Y i tive tothe outer sleeve .in Figs. 7 land 8,1 have the end of the drill shaft i.

l between.

`tothose skilledin the art, omissions,

s sertable through `in drilling position, and

2. In Figs. 6 and 9 I have illustrated thel expanded position of the four cutters lion the end of the drill vshaft I, while when withdrawn within The operation of the device is exactly the same 'as that described above `with relation to the structure illustrated position oi? the i cutters i, lnFigS. 1 to 5, and`10.

In Fig. 11 I have'shown a slightly modified form of structure, that wherein a pair of conical rollers 46 are mountedon a tapered `projection illustrated the collapsed ving the arms and therefore the cutters outwardly to cutting position, means for lockingsaid cutters on the end of the drill stem, means'ior locking said sleeves together, and additional roller cutters carried ony the end of said inner sleeve.

5. A well 'drilling ,device having a rotatable stem, a pair of telescoped through said. stem, ilxed roller cutters on the end of the inner sleeve, pivoted arms on the outer sleeve, roller cutters lon the end of said arms,

means on said inner sleeve for swinging the cut- 41 on thel end or the closure Il of the inner sleeve 3. 'I'he shafts of the rollers are mounted at an angle so as tov have the rollers contact the bottom ofthe bore along a straight line. The d advantage of this construction is to have the rollers on the sleeve l contact the center of the bore which vis not engaged by the rollers l because of the projection il extending downwardly therethe device function in the` same manner as that the cylindrical rollers 8 `are employed.

While I have described and illustrated several embodiments of my invention, it will be apparent What I claim is:

` 1. The combination in a tool for a rotary drill stem of a drilling'` device, of a'tubular support 1` 'insertable through said w theend ofthe support,

` 11 arms, a second tubular support telescoped within stem, arms pivoted on roller cutters on said s said iirst support on which the ilrst support is suspended, meansonsaid second` support for moving the arms and `there'fm'e thecutters outwardly of the stem axis to cutting position, and umeans forlocking said cutters on the end oi' the drill stem. u d t 2. The combination in `a tool for a `*rotary drill stem of a `drilling device, of autubular support' insertable `through said stem,`armspivoted on the ends of the support, roller cutters on said arms, a second tubular support telescoped within Y said first support on `which therst support is suspended, means onsaid second support for moving the arms and therefore the cutters out- Vwardlyj of the stem vaxis means for locking said cutters tion, and additional roller cutters carried on the to `cutting position,

in drilling posilower end of said second support. i

3."The combination in a tool for a rotary drill stem of a drilling device, of an outer sleeve insaid stern, arms pivoted on the end ofthe outer sleeve, .roller cutters on said arms, an inner sleeve on which the outer sleeve is suspended, means on said inner sleeve for movl ing the arms and therefore the cutters outwardly to cutting position, means for locking said cutters means for locking said sleeves together.

u 1 4. The combination in a tool for a rotary drill `stem of a drilling device, of an outer sleeve insertable through `said stem, arms pivoted on the Iend of the outer sleeve, roller cutters on said arms, an inner sleeve on which the outer sleeve l vis suspended, means on said inner sleeve for mov- It is to be understood that the cut-r `ters 4 and other parts of described above when that various changes, additions, and substitutions may be limade therein without departing from the spirit and scope vof my invention as set forth inthe u,

`'acc-ompanying claims.

ters into cutting position, locking means between said sleeves, a cable, means on said cable insertable within said sleeves for engaging said locking means and supporting said sleeves during the lowering thereof through the drill stem, and comprising means for releasing said engaging means from the locking means and from the sleeves to ing the pivotally y other and to the stem through `pivotally mounted on permit the cable andengaging means to be'withdrawn from the drill stem.

6. A` well drilling device having arotatable stem, a pair of telescoped sleeves insertable through said stem, non-adiustable'roller cutters on the end of the inner sleeve, pivoted arms on the outer sleeve, roller cutters on the end of said arms, means on said inner sleeve for radially adjusting the cutters on cutting position, locking sleeves,

the outer sleeve into means between said a cable,. means on said cable lowerable said drill stem into said inner sleeve, and comprising means for expanding said lowerable means to engage said locking means and for releasing the sleeves upon the upward movement o f the cable to thereby permit the adjusted cutters to contract and be withdrawn through the drill stem.

7. In combination with a rotary drill stem, ay

' ing slots on its inner face at the end thereof,

arms pivoted on `with said slots,

the ends oi' said stem mateable cutting rollers on said arms shaped to nest with each other within said stern,V

and an additional element within said sleeve hav- `ing cam means for forcing the arms within the position the rollers beyond slots of the stem to the outer surface thereof.

9. A well drilling device having a rotatable stem. a sleeve insertable through said stem having Amore than two vslots on its inner face at the end, more than two arms pivoted on the ends oi' said stem mateable with said` slots, a cutting roller on each of said armshaving conical faces.

which engage each other when nested within the stem, and an additional element within said sleeve having cam means forV forcing the arms' within the slots to position the rollers beyond the outer surface of the stem.

CLINTON L. WALKER.

sleeves insertable

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