US2336797A - Felted product - Google Patents
Felted product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2336797A US2336797A US280016A US28001639A US2336797A US 2336797 A US2336797 A US 2336797A US 280016 A US280016 A US 280016A US 28001639 A US28001639 A US 28001639A US 2336797 A US2336797 A US 2336797A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- felt
- fibers
- felted
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 13
- -1 polyhexamethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UFFRSDWQMJYQNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-azaniumylhexylazanium;hexanedioate Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCCC[NH3+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O UFFRSDWQMJYQNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVNWZKBFMFUVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adipamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCC(N)=O GVNWZKBFMFUVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-diisocyanatodecane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZZPYUKWXDLMGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisothiocyanatohexane Chemical compound S=C=NCCCCCCN=C=S VZZPYUKWXDLMGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCMLQMDWSXFTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzenesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(N)(=O)=O YCMLQMDWSXFTIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFNJLCLYMMXCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(N)CCC(O)=O ROFNJLCLYMMXCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWPQCOZMXULHDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-aminononanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VWPQCOZMXULHDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NN BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002684 aminocaproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004421 aryl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006367 bivalent amino carbonyl group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])C([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TTWTTWXDBDZRCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine;decanedioic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O TTWTTWXDBDZRCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOQACRNTVQWTFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-dithiol Chemical compound SCCCCCCCCCCS UOQACRNTVQWTFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004662 dithiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NFVUAUVSFDFOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCCCC(N)=O NFVUAUVSFDFOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000921 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/06—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
- Y10S260/23—Fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/50—FELT FABRIC
- Y10T442/56—From synthetic organic fiber
Definitions
- This invention relates to fibrous materials, and more particularly to improved felted products.
- This invention has as its object the preparation of new felt compositions having improved physical properties.
- a further object is the economical manufacture of new and valuable felted products. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
- a convenient method of obtaining my new products comprises the preparation of a felt by forming a sheet or mat containing a uniform mixture of fusible or heat retractable staple binding filaments prepared from synthetic linear superpolymers and nonfusible staple filaments or staple filaments which soften or retract at temperatures appreciably higher than that of the synthetic binding filaments, and then heating the preformed sheet or mat under pressure at a temperature sufiicient to cause the softening or retraction of the binding filaments without appreciably softening or harming the other filaments.
- the non-fusible or non-retractable filaments may be cellulosic, wool, hair, glass, etc.
- the nonfusible filaments it is possible to use filaments of considerably higher melting point than the fusible filaments which are made to soften or retract during the felting operation.
- the above mentioned synthetic filamentsforming the binding material are those prepared from the synthetic linear superpolymers which are obtainable from bifunctional reactants as described in Patents 2,071,250, 2,071,251 and 2,130,948. These polymers are capable of being formed by extrusion from melt into filaments which upon cold drawing .show molecular orientation along the fiber axis.
- Fig. 1 represents a fiow sheet which indicates the steps used in making my felted product
- Fig, 2 is a sectional view of my new felt
- Fig. 3 is a similar view showing a greater magnification of the fibrous structure.
- the felt l comprises a compressed mixture of polyamide binder fibers 3 and cellulosic fibers 2.
- Example I Filaments were prepared from an amide-ester interpolymer consisting of 15% polyhexamethylene adipamide-85% polyethylene adipate and cut into staple of 1% to 1 inch length. After this staple filament was opened 18 parts of it was mixed thoroughly with 82 parts of cotton fiber by tumbling. This mixture was then carded and matted in the fashion customarily employed in the felting industry. The mat of fibers was placed between two pieces of canvas and the entire assembly pressed for 90 seconds between the platens 'of an hydraulic press at a temperature of about 140 C. and at a pressure of about 1500 lbs. per sq. in. The felt produced by this method had good strength and was suitable for use in various applications as described later.
- Example II Filaments were spun from an interpolyamide derived from 40 parts of hexamethylenediammonium adipate and 60 parts of caprolactam. These filaments were cold drawn about 400% and then cut into staple fiber of about 1 inch length. This staple fiber was then mixed with cotton fiber in the same proportions and in the same manner as described in Example I. This mixture of fusible and non-fusible fibers was then carded and felted in the same manner as described above.
- Another interpolyamide of this type which is especially useful in making the felted products of this invention is that obtainable from hexamethylenediamine, sebacic acid, and G-aminocaproic acid.
- Example III A synthetic fiber spun from polyhexamethylene adipamide was cut into /2 to inch lengths and dispersed in water in a paper beater with the roll at heavy brush for 15 minutes. Twenty-five parts of these beaten fibers (dry basis) were then mixed with 75 parts of kraft fiber and formed into sheets by standard paper-making practice. The sheets were preheated for one minute at 177 C. and then pressed for 30 seconds at a temperature of 177 C. and a pressure of 1700 lbs. per sq. in. The pressed sheets had a higher tearing strength than sheets containing kraft fibers only.
- Example IV Similar results were obtained when sheets were prepared in the same manner as described in Example III with the exception that parts of polyhexamethylene adipamide fibers were used with 25 parts of kraft wood pulp fibers.
- Example V A mixture of equal parts of polyhexamethylene adipamide fibers about /2 to inch long with the crinkled krtft fibers obtained by the process
- Example VI Filaments spun from an interpolymer obtained from equimolecular parts of hexamethylenediammonium adipate and decamethylenediammonium sebacate were cold drawn 450% and then cut into lengths of V to 4 inch. Twenty parts of these fibers were then beaten in kg. of water with 40 parts of kraft wood pulp in a paper beater. When the fibers were dispersed sheets were prepared in the usual manner and dried at 90 C. After drying the sheets were subjected to a pressure of 6000 lbs.
- Example VII A mixed fabric containing 25% wool and 75% criniped polyhexamethylene adipamide fiber was subjected to heat and pressure to felt the fibers in this fabric. The fabric responded to this treatment in substantially the same manner as fabric made entirely of wool.
- the heat retractable filaments may be made from synthetic linear polymers other than the polyamides and ester amide interpolymers.
- Other examples are the polyesters derived from hydroxy acids such as omega-hydroxydecanoic acid, omega-hydroxycaproic acid, or from appropriate derivatives of these acids. Polyesters may also be obtained by reacting dibasic acids and glycols or suitable derivatives of these reactants.
- acids may be mentioned carbonic, oxalic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, sebacic, hexadecamethylenedicarboxylic, phthalic, etc.
- glycols may be mentioned ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dimethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, decamethylene glycol, etc.
- the preferred synthetic linear polymer filaments are, however, those which contain groups of formula NHCO or its sulfur analog as an integral part of the polymer chain.
- These polymers include the polyamides, the ester-amide interpolymers, the polyurethanes, and their sulfur analogs.
- Important polyamides in the practice of this invention are those obtained by reacting one or more diamines with one or more dicarboxylic acids or amide-forming derivatives of dibasic acids. On hydrolysis with. hydrochloric acid these polyamides yield a mixture comprising a diamine hydrochloride and a dibasic carboxylic acid.
- polystyrene resin examples include polytetramethylene sebacamide, polypentamethylene adipamide, polypentamethylene sebacamide, polyhexamethylene suberamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyoctamethylene sebacamide, polydecamethylene carbamide, polyparaxylylene sebacamide, polyhexamethylene phenylenediacetamide and the polyamide derived from 3,3'-diaminodipropyl ether and adipic acid.
- the interhydrochloride examples include polytetramethylene sebacamide, polypentamethylene adipamide, polypentamethylene sebacamide, polyhexamethylene suberamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyoctamethylene sebacamide, polydecamethylene carbamide, polyparaxylylene sebacamide, polyhexamethylene phenylenediacetamide and the polyamide derived from 3,3'-diaminodipropyl ether and adipic acid.
- polyamides e. g. of the general types used in Examples II and VI are especially useful.
- Another type of polyamides are those obtainable from polymerizable amino acids, as for instance 6- "aminocaproic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, and
- the ester-amide interpolymers are obtained by heating a mixture of polyamideforming and polyester-forming compositions, e. g. a mixture of a dibasic acid, a glycol, and a diamine, or a mixture containing an hydroxy acid and an amino acid.
- the polyurethanes are obtained by reacting a glycol, diphenol, or a dithiol with a diisocyanate or with a diisothiocyanate. Suitable reactants of this kind include decamethylene glycol, resorcinol, or decamethylene dithiol, and decamethylene diisocyanate or. hexamethylene diisothiocyanate.
- the above mentioned synthetic filaments are preferably cold drawn, that is permanently elongated by tensile stress, in order to orient them since the oriented filaments have greater strength and elasticity. Furthermore, the riented filaments in many cases, and particularly in the case of the interpolymers retract at temperaturesconsiderably below their softening points and are therefore particularly suitable for making a softfiexible felt.
- the unoriented or but slightly oriented filaments obtained by spinning under little or no stress, are, however, also useful in the present process.
- the various synthetic polymer filaments used to form the felt may be either plasticized or unplasticized. If a softer or lower softening filament is desired it may be plasticized with an aryl sulfonamide such as a toluene sulfonamide or amylbenzene-sulfonamlde.
- aryl sulfonamide such as a toluene sulfonamide or amylbenzene-sulfonamlde.
- plasticizers which may be used are salicylic acid, amylphenol, camphor, dibutyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate.
- the cotton mentioned in Examples I and II may be replaced with various other non-fusible filaments, such as wood, kapok, glass fibers, hair, jute, etc. or even with the higher melting synthetic polymers, e. g. polytetramethylene adipamide or polyhexamethylene adipamide.
- the proportion of fusible or heat retractable filament used in the mentioned examples as binding agent in the felting composition may be varied from as low as 5 to 10% of the total composition up to 50 or even 75% of the total composition.
- the time, temperature and pressure used in processes indicated in these examples will vary depending upon the nature of the fusible or heat retractable filament, particularly its softening or retracting point, and on the nature of the other ingredients of the composition.
- a high melting filament is used as the binding agent in the felt a relatively higher temperature and pressure will be required than if a low melting filament is used.
- a soft felt is desired a lower pressure or temperature will be used than if a hard felt is desired. It is not necessary to heat the formed sheet to the melting point of the filament used as the binding agent in the composition. It was quite unexpected to find that heating to a temperature sufiicient to cause retraction of the binding filament, a temperature considerably below its melting point, produced a'felt of good quality. The felting action is facilitated if the heating is done in the presence of water, alcohol or other vapor or liquid which will have a softening effect on the fibers, particularly under pressure.
- the felt obtained by this invention can be dyed by usual methods either by application of the dye to the felt or to the fibers separately before being mixed.
- the physical properties of the felt such as, for example, its tackiness, feel, etc., may be altered to a considerable extent, if desired, by subjecting the felt to fiufiing and steaming treatments.
- these fibers may be any of the wood pulp fibers such as kraft, sulfite, sulfate, etc., as well as any other cellulosic fiber of similar properties such as bagasse fibers.
- the proportions of the fusible filament may vary from as low as %10% up to as high as 75 to 85% of the mixture.
- the conditions of time, temperature and pressure used in preparing the felted sheet will vary depending on the softening point of the particular filaments being used. A higher temperature and pressure for longer times will be required to obtain a satisfactory felt in which a filament having a high melting or retracting point is used in comparison with a filament having a low melting or retracting point.
- the pressing treatment in the present process softens the fusible filaments so that they will ad-, here to the non-fusible, or higher fusing, filaments or shrink sufiiciently to bind them into a good felt.
- the resulting felted sheet may be subjected to steaming or fulling to alter the physical appearance or properties of the sheets if desired.
- the proportions of the synthetic polymer filaments may vary over rather wide limits depending on the physical properties desired in the final product.
- the fabric may be composed of as little as 51-10% or up to as much as 75 or 85% of the synthetic linear superpolymers.
- a mixture of two or more different superpolymers may be used in preparing this type of fabric.
- the denier of the filaments which may be used in any of the different methods described herein will vary depending on the type and appearance of felt desired. For some purposes it is preferable to use binding filaments having a denier of 1 to 3. However. a good felt can be obtained by using filaments having a denier of about 70. If an extremely coarse felt is desired,
- the binding filaments as in the case of the non-fusible filaments may be straight or crimped.
- the felted products of this invention possess a wide range of properties which adapt the present product for the different purposes for which felt is now used. As examples of some of these uses may be'mentioned the use of soft felt in wadding, slightly harder felt in coat linings and shoe linings, and still harder felt in upholstery, hats and millinery.
- the felt produced by this invention may be used as filtering agents for gases or liquids and may also be used for insulation purposes, for example, in the insulation of aircraft. It may also be used as a base to which various coating compositions may be applied to form sheet materials of improved properties.
- the present invention permits the substitution of cheaper vegetable fibers such as cotton or wood pulp for the expensive animal fibers such as wool or hair now used in the manufacture of felt which results in a considerable saving in the manufacture of felt for use in a large number of purposes.
- a valuable advantage of the present invention is also found in the fact that the felted products are more suitable for use in those applications where the felt is in contact with organic solvents such as, for example, its use as a filtering agent.
- a felted product comprising a sheet of compressed filaments composed of a mixture of fusible staple synthetic linear polymer binding filaments, and staple filame ts which are substantially unaffected at the softening temperature of said polymer, said synthetic linear polymer filaments being heat retracted in situ within the fabric and holding together said last mentioned staple filaments, said synthetic linear polymer filaments being the interpolymerization product of different polymer-forming compositions one of which is composed of a mixture of a diamine and a dlbasic carboxylic acid.
- a process for preparing felted products which comprises preparing a sheet by matting a mixture of staple synthetic linear polymer filaments which exhibit molecular orientation along the fiber axis and which retract at a temperature substantially below their softening temperature, and staple filaments which are substantially non-fusible and non-retractable at the softening temperature of said polymer, and retracting said synthetic linear polymer filaments by heating said sheet under pressure at a temperature below the melting point of said polymer, said synthetic linear polymer being the interpolymerization product of different polymer-forming compositions one of which is composed of a mixture of dlamine and dibasic carboxylic'acid.
Description
Dec. 14, 1943.
R. W. MAXWELL FELTED PRODUCT Filed June 19, 1939 Nix-L11 E1 of E- TLTHETiE'. F'cfl mer' Fih E'PE [Binder] and Higher MEIHJE m1" InEu-aibla F'fh Ers- EEPIEHJE DE Mixture of F-L har's I Math-r2 of Bar flel NiXTuPE of Pi]: as
HE a t-L113 DE Mafi m1 MixTur'E nf Fibers Under Fvessura Polyam z'o e binder 2Z8 Non-fuxz'blq or npn-rglra c Table ceZluZQnc orZZ ire fiber-J R In]: EFT W Naxw all a, d z 201% atente ee. M, 1943 FELTED PRODUCT Robert William Maxwell, Wilmington, Del., as-
signor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours 8.: Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application in... 19, 1939, Serial No. 280,016 6 Claims. (01. 154-33) This invention relates to fibrous materials, and more particularly to improved felted products.
This invention has as its object the preparation of new felt compositions having improved physical properties. A further object is the economical manufacture of new and valuable felted products. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
These objects are accomplished by the production of a felted material comprising a binder of synthetic linear polymer and filaments which are substantially unaltered at the softening point of said polymer. A convenient method of obtaining my new products comprises the preparation of a felt by forming a sheet or mat containing a uniform mixture of fusible or heat retractable staple binding filaments prepared from synthetic linear superpolymers and nonfusible staple filaments or staple filaments which soften or retract at temperatures appreciably higher than that of the synthetic binding filaments, and then heating the preformed sheet or mat under pressure at a temperature sufiicient to cause the softening or retraction of the binding filaments without appreciably softening or harming the other filaments. The non-fusible or non-retractable filaments may be cellulosic, wool, hair, glass, etc. In place of the nonfusible filaments it is possible to use filaments of considerably higher melting point than the fusible filaments which are made to soften or retract during the felting operation.
The above mentioned synthetic filamentsforming the binding material are those prepared from the synthetic linear superpolymers which are obtainable from bifunctional reactants as described in Patents 2,071,250, 2,071,251 and 2,130,948. These polymers are capable of being formed by extrusion from melt into filaments which upon cold drawing .show molecular orientation along the fiber axis.
Fig. 1 represents a fiow sheet which indicates the steps used in making my felted product;
Fig, 2 is a sectional view of my new felt; and
Fig. 3 is a similar view showing a greater magnification of the fibrous structure.
In the embodiment shown in the drawing the felt l comprises a compressed mixture of polyamide binder fibers 3 and cellulosic fibers 2.
The following examples, in which the parts are by weight, are illustrative of the practice of this invention:
Example I Filaments were prepared from an amide-ester interpolymer consisting of 15% polyhexamethylene adipamide-85% polyethylene adipate and cut into staple of 1% to 1 inch length. After this staple filament was opened 18 parts of it was mixed thoroughly with 82 parts of cotton fiber by tumbling. This mixture was then carded and matted in the fashion customarily employed in the felting industry. The mat of fibers was placed between two pieces of canvas and the entire assembly pressed for 90 seconds between the platens 'of an hydraulic press at a temperature of about 140 C. and at a pressure of about 1500 lbs. per sq. in. The felt produced by this method had good strength and was suitable for use in various applications as described later.
Example II Filaments were spun from an interpolyamide derived from 40 parts of hexamethylenediammonium adipate and 60 parts of caprolactam. These filaments were cold drawn about 400% and then cut into staple fiber of about 1 inch length. This staple fiber was then mixed with cotton fiber in the same proportions and in the same manner as described in Example I. This mixture of fusible and non-fusible fibers was then carded and felted in the same manner as described above.
Another interpolyamide of this type which is especially useful in making the felted products of this invention is that obtainable from hexamethylenediamine, sebacic acid, and G-aminocaproic acid.
Example III A synthetic fiber spun from polyhexamethylene adipamide was cut into /2 to inch lengths and dispersed in water in a paper beater with the roll at heavy brush for 15 minutes. Twenty-five parts of these beaten fibers (dry basis) were then mixed with 75 parts of kraft fiber and formed into sheets by standard paper-making practice. The sheets were preheated for one minute at 177 C. and then pressed for 30 seconds at a temperature of 177 C. and a pressure of 1700 lbs. per sq. in. The pressed sheets had a higher tearing strength than sheets containing kraft fibers only.
The presence of water in the polyamide fibers lower the temperature at which felting occurs. Water is particularly effective in this connection in the case of the interpolyamide of Example H.
Example IV Similar results were obtained when sheets were prepared in the same manner as described in Example III with the exception that parts of polyhexamethylene adipamide fibers were used with 25 parts of kraft wood pulp fibers.
Example V A mixture of equal parts of polyhexamethylene adipamide fibers about /2 to inch long with the crinkled krtft fibers obtained by the process Example VI Filaments spun from an interpolymer obtained from equimolecular parts of hexamethylenediammonium adipate and decamethylenediammonium sebacate were cold drawn 450% and then cut into lengths of V to 4 inch. Twenty parts of these fibers were then beaten in kg. of water with 40 parts of kraft wood pulp in a paper beater. When the fibers were dispersed sheets were prepared in the usual manner and dried at 90 C. After drying the sheets were subjected to a pressure of 6000 lbs. on an 8 inch square area for 1 minute at a temperature of 160 C. These pressed sheets were tough and pliable and had a tearing strength about three times that of sheets made from kraft fiber alone. This type of polyamide fiber softens over a fairly wide temperature range and is particularly desirable for use in this process because compression of the fibrous mass at the softening temperature is sufiiclent to cause adhesion between the various fibers without -causing the polyamide to liquefy and fill the interstices. This imparts toughness to the sheet without lowering the pliability of the material.
Example VII A mixed fabric containing 25% wool and 75% criniped polyhexamethylene adipamide fiber was subjected to heat and pressure to felt the fibers in this fabric. The fabric responded to this treatment in substantially the same manner as fabric made entirely of wool.
The heat retractable filaments may be made from synthetic linear polymers other than the polyamides and ester amide interpolymers. Other examples are the polyesters derived from hydroxy acids such as omega-hydroxydecanoic acid, omega-hydroxycaproic acid, or from appropriate derivatives of these acids. Polyesters may also be obtained by reacting dibasic acids and glycols or suitable derivatives of these reactants. As acids may be mentioned carbonic, oxalic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, sebacic, hexadecamethylenedicarboxylic, phthalic, etc., and as glycols may be mentioned ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dimethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, decamethylene glycol, etc.
The preferred synthetic linear polymer filaments are, however, those which contain groups of formula NHCO or its sulfur analog as an integral part of the polymer chain. These polymers include the polyamides, the ester-amide interpolymers, the polyurethanes, and their sulfur analogs. Important polyamides in the practice of this invention are those obtained by reacting one or more diamines with one or more dicarboxylic acids or amide-forming derivatives of dibasic acids. On hydrolysis with. hydrochloric acid these polyamides yield a mixture comprising a diamine hydrochloride and a dibasic carboxylic acid. Examples of these polyamides are polytetramethylene sebacamide, polypentamethylene adipamide, polypentamethylene sebacamide, polyhexamethylene suberamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyoctamethylene sebacamide, polydecamethylene carbamide, polyparaxylylene sebacamide, polyhexamethylene phenylenediacetamide and the polyamide derived from 3,3'-diaminodipropyl ether and adipic acid. The interhydrochloride.
polyamides, e. g. of the general types used in Examples II and VI are especially useful. Another type of polyamides are those obtainable from polymerizable amino acids, as for instance 6- "aminocaproic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, and
from amide-forming derivatives of these acids, e. g. lactams. 0n hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid these polyamides yield an amino acid, as the The ester-amide interpolymers are obtained by heating a mixture of polyamideforming and polyester-forming compositions, e. g. a mixture of a dibasic acid, a glycol, and a diamine, or a mixture containing an hydroxy acid and an amino acid. The polyurethanes are obtained by reacting a glycol, diphenol, or a dithiol with a diisocyanate or with a diisothiocyanate. Suitable reactants of this kind include decamethylene glycol, resorcinol, or decamethylene dithiol, and decamethylene diisocyanate or. hexamethylene diisothiocyanate.
The above mentioned synthetic filaments are preferably cold drawn, that is permanently elongated by tensile stress, in order to orient them since the oriented filaments have greater strength and elasticity. Furthermore, the riented filaments in many cases, and particularly in the case of the interpolymers retract at temperaturesconsiderably below their softening points and are therefore particularly suitable for making a softfiexible felt. The unoriented or but slightly oriented filaments obtained by spinning under little or no stress, are, however, also useful in the present process.
The various synthetic polymer filaments used to form the felt may be either plasticized or unplasticized. If a softer or lower softening filament is desired it may be plasticized with an aryl sulfonamide such as a toluene sulfonamide or amylbenzene-sulfonamlde. Other plasticizers which may be used are salicylic acid, amylphenol, camphor, dibutyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate.
The cotton mentioned in Examples I and II may be replaced with various other non-fusible filaments, such as wood, kapok, glass fibers, hair, jute, etc. or even with the higher melting synthetic polymers, e. g. polytetramethylene adipamide or polyhexamethylene adipamide. The proportion of fusible or heat retractable filament used in the mentioned examples as binding agent in the felting composition may be varied from as low as 5 to 10% of the total composition up to 50 or even 75% of the total composition. The time, temperature and pressure used in processes indicated in these examples will vary depending upon the nature of the fusible or heat retractable filament, particularly its softening or retracting point, and on the nature of the other ingredients of the composition. For example, if a high melting filament is used as the binding agent in the felt a relatively higher temperature and pressure will be required than if a low melting filament is used. Likewise, if a soft felt is desired a lower pressure or temperature will be used than if a hard felt is desired. It is not necessary to heat the formed sheet to the melting point of the filament used as the binding agent in the composition. It was quite unexpected to find that heating to a temperature sufiicient to cause retraction of the binding filament, a temperature considerably below its melting point, produced a'felt of good quality. The felting action is facilitated if the heating is done in the presence of water, alcohol or other vapor or liquid which will have a softening effect on the fibers, particularly under pressure.
The felt obtained by this invention can be dyed by usual methods either by application of the dye to the felt or to the fibers separately before being mixed.
The physical properties of the felt such as, for example, its tackiness, feel, etc., may be altered to a considerable extent, if desired, by subjecting the felt to fiufiing and steaming treatments.
When the non-fusible fibers are paper-making fibers, as in Examples 111 to V1, these fibers may be any of the wood pulp fibers such as kraft, sulfite, sulfate, etc., as well as any other cellulosic fiber of similar properties such as bagasse fibers. The proportions of the fusible filament may vary from as low as %10% up to as high as 75 to 85% of the mixture. The conditions of time, temperature and pressure used in preparing the felted sheet will vary depending on the softening point of the particular filaments being used. A higher temperature and pressure for longer times will be required to obtain a satisfactory felt in which a filament having a high melting or retracting point is used in comparison with a filament having a low melting or retracting point.
The pressing treatment in the present process softens the fusible filaments so that they will ad-, here to the non-fusible, or higher fusing, filaments or shrink sufiiciently to bind them into a good felt. The resulting felted sheet may be subjected to steaming or fulling to alter the physical appearance or properties of the sheets if desired.
In the preparation of felt from woven fabrics of wool or other animal fibers mixed with the fusible or heat retractable filaments, as described in Example VII, the proportions of the synthetic polymer filaments may vary over rather wide limits depending on the physical properties desired in the final product. For example, the fabric may be composed of as little as 51-10% or up to as much as 75 or 85% of the synthetic linear superpolymers. A mixture of two or more different superpolymers may be used in preparing this type of fabric.
The denier of the filaments which may be used in any of the different methods described herein will vary depending on the type and appearance of felt desired. For some purposes it is preferable to use binding filaments having a denier of 1 to 3. However. a good felt can be obtained by using filaments having a denier of about 70. If an extremely coarse felt is desired,
even coarser filaments. for example those having a denier of 100 to 150, may be used with satisfactory results. The binding filaments, as in the case of the non-fusible filaments may be straight or crimped.
The felted products of this invention, depending upon the particular filaments and fibers used and upon the conditions of treatment, possess a wide range of properties which adapt the present product for the different purposes for which felt is now used. As examples of some of these uses may be'mentioned the use of soft felt in wadding, slightly harder felt in coat linings and shoe linings, and still harder felt in upholstery, hats and millinery. The felt produced by this invention may be used as filtering agents for gases or liquids and may also be used for insulation purposes, for example, in the insulation of aircraft. It may also be used as a base to which various coating compositions may be applied to form sheet materials of improved properties.
The present invention permits the substitution of cheaper vegetable fibers such as cotton or wood pulp for the expensive animal fibers such as wool or hair now used in the manufacture of felt which results in a considerable saving in the manufacture of felt for use in a large number of purposes. A valuable advantage of the present invention is also found in the fact that the felted products are more suitable for use in those applications where the felt is in contact with organic solvents such as, for example, its use as a filtering agent.
As many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A felted product comprising a sheet of compressed filaments composed of a mixture of fusible staple synthetic linear polymer binding filaments, and staple filame ts which are substantially unaffected at the softening temperature of said polymer, said synthetic linear polymer filaments being heat retracted in situ within the fabric and holding together said last mentioned staple filaments, said synthetic linear polymer filaments being the interpolymerization product of different polymer-forming compositions one of which is composed of a mixture of a diamine and a dlbasic carboxylic acid.
2. The felted product set forth in claim 1 in which one of said polymer-forming compositions is composed of a mixture of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.
3. The felted product set forth in claim 1 in which one of said polymer-forming compositions is composed of a mixture of decamethylenediamine and sebacic acid.
4. The felted product set forth in claim 1 in which one of said polymer-forming compositions is caprolactam and another of which is a mixture of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.
5. The felted product set forth in claim 1 in which said second mentioned staple filaments are cellulose fibers.
6. A process for preparing felted products which comprises preparing a sheet by matting a mixture of staple synthetic linear polymer filaments which exhibit molecular orientation along the fiber axis and which retract at a temperature substantially below their softening temperature, and staple filaments which are substantially non-fusible and non-retractable at the softening temperature of said polymer, and retracting said synthetic linear polymer filaments by heating said sheet under pressure at a temperature below the melting point of said polymer, said synthetic linear polymer being the interpolymerization product of different polymer-forming compositions one of which is composed of a mixture of dlamine and dibasic carboxylic'acid.
ROBERT WILLIAM MAXWELL.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US280016A US2336797A (en) | 1939-06-19 | 1939-06-19 | Felted product |
FR865107D FR865107A (en) | 1939-06-19 | 1940-04-23 | New felted products, and their preparation process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US280016A US2336797A (en) | 1939-06-19 | 1939-06-19 | Felted product |
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US2336797A true US2336797A (en) | 1943-12-14 |
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US280016A Expired - Lifetime US2336797A (en) | 1939-06-19 | 1939-06-19 | Felted product |
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FR (1) | FR865107A (en) |
Cited By (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2464301A (en) * | 1943-12-18 | 1949-03-15 | American Viscose Corp | Textile fibrous product |
US2476283A (en) * | 1945-01-09 | 1949-07-19 | American Viscose Corp | Textile products and methods of producing them |
US2476282A (en) * | 1945-01-09 | 1949-07-19 | American Viscose Corp | Textile products and production thereof |
US2484787A (en) * | 1945-03-14 | 1949-10-11 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Battery separator |
US2497117A (en) * | 1946-01-23 | 1950-02-14 | Dreyfus Camille | Method of surface-bonding fibrous batts |
US2521985A (en) * | 1948-09-16 | 1950-09-12 | American Felt Co | Process of making fibrous units |
US2531931A (en) * | 1946-06-01 | 1950-11-28 | Arkell Safety Bag Co | Composite material |
US2550650A (en) * | 1945-09-19 | 1951-04-24 | Orlan M Arnold | Process of producing a plastic composition from waste nylon fibers |
US2579036A (en) * | 1948-10-11 | 1951-12-18 | Norman B Edelman | Insulation, filling, and packing |
US2596364A (en) * | 1946-09-09 | 1952-05-13 | Joseph B Brennan | Method of preparing a blank for a conically shaped diaphragm |
US2640556A (en) * | 1947-07-25 | 1953-06-02 | Joseph B Brennan | Loud-speaker diaphragm and mounting |
US2646612A (en) * | 1947-08-05 | 1953-07-28 | American Viscose Corp | Liquid pick-up and transfer means |
US2695855A (en) * | 1949-11-23 | 1954-11-30 | Gustin Bacon Mfg Co | Fibrous mat |
US2715588A (en) * | 1952-12-16 | 1955-08-16 | Du Pont | Leatherlike products and preparation of same |
US2715591A (en) * | 1952-12-16 | 1955-08-16 | Du Pont | Sheet material |
US2722637A (en) * | 1951-02-03 | 1955-11-01 | Joseph B Brennan | Electrolytic condensers |
US2765247A (en) * | 1953-04-14 | 1956-10-02 | Du Pont | Non-woven sheet material |
US2765515A (en) * | 1953-10-07 | 1956-10-09 | H & V Specialties Co Inc | Method of making a filter for tobacco smoke |
US2774129A (en) * | 1950-11-06 | 1956-12-18 | Kendall & Co | Synthetic felts |
US2774128A (en) * | 1950-11-04 | 1956-12-18 | Kendall & Co | Felt-like products |
US2777787A (en) * | 1952-11-15 | 1957-01-15 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Felt sheeting |
US2821771A (en) * | 1957-04-05 | 1958-02-04 | F C Huyck & Sons | Method of making a papermaker's felt |
US2834730A (en) * | 1956-01-18 | 1958-05-13 | Johnson & Johnson | Filter media |
US2893105A (en) * | 1954-06-11 | 1959-07-07 | Du Pont | Formation of felt-like products from synthetic filaments |
US2905585A (en) * | 1954-09-30 | 1959-09-22 | Du Pont | Self-bonded paper |
US2908064A (en) * | 1956-10-31 | 1959-10-13 | Du Pont | Non-woven filamentary products and process |
US2909456A (en) * | 1955-07-27 | 1959-10-20 | Du Pont | Non-woven sheet material |
US2913512A (en) * | 1955-01-26 | 1959-11-17 | Tudor Ab | Micro-porous rubber separator for galvanic cells such as accumulators and method of manufacturing such separator |
US2920947A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1960-01-12 | Du Pont | Bristles for abrading surfaces |
US2943013A (en) * | 1956-07-27 | 1960-06-28 | Hurlbut Paper Company | High ash content absorbent paper for the decorative laminating industry and a process for preparing the same |
US2958113A (en) * | 1955-02-21 | 1960-11-01 | Du Pont | Needled batt |
US3016599A (en) * | 1954-06-01 | 1962-01-16 | Du Pont | Microfiber and staple fiber batt |
US3023134A (en) * | 1955-07-15 | 1962-02-27 | American Cyanamid Co | Molded articles and method of making the same |
US3059311A (en) * | 1958-12-16 | 1962-10-23 | Du Pont | Stable non-woven batt of polytetrafluoroethylene fibers |
US3069017A (en) * | 1959-03-02 | 1962-12-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Depth type fibrous filter elements |
US3093583A (en) * | 1958-10-14 | 1963-06-11 | Robert Bosch G M B H Fa | Filters and processes for manufacturing the same |
US3095345A (en) * | 1961-03-22 | 1963-06-25 | Riegel Paper Corp | Process for manufacturing paper from synthetic fibers |
US3117056A (en) * | 1960-05-09 | 1964-01-07 | Du Pont | Conformable bulkable non-woven web |
US3143405A (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1964-08-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of producing polyamide coated glass fibers |
US3159507A (en) * | 1957-05-20 | 1964-12-01 | Comp Generale Electricite | Separator for galvanic cells |
US3181225A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1965-05-04 | Nestor B Knoepfler | Process of resin treating a cotton batting |
US3184373A (en) * | 1961-07-05 | 1965-05-18 | Mead Corp | Filled paper containing a mixture of resin and mucilaginous material as a retention aid and process for producing said paper |
US3186876A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1965-06-01 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Separators for electrolytic cells |
US3229008A (en) * | 1961-12-05 | 1966-01-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for producing a polypropylene fibrous product bonded with polyethylene |
US3272898A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1966-09-13 | Du Pont | Process for producing a nonwoven web |
US3307706A (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1967-03-07 | Kendall & Co | Milk filters |
US3409497A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1968-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Adhesive sheet materials and method of making the same |
US3855056A (en) * | 1969-03-19 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for producing synthetic pulp-like materials and producing synthetic papers therefrom |
US3920428A (en) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-11-18 | Ethyl Corp | Filter element |
US4268340A (en) * | 1973-08-05 | 1981-05-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Method of forming an absorbent article |
US4272264A (en) * | 1974-08-08 | 1981-06-09 | Multiform Desiccant Products, Inc. | Adsorbent package |
US4515854A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1985-05-07 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Entangled fibrous mat having good elasticity and methods for the production thereof |
US4565735A (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1986-01-21 | Huyck Corporation | Papermakers' felt |
US4987664A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1991-01-29 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for forming an interlocked batting of carbonaceous fibers |
US5047453A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1991-09-10 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for preparing moldings by compacting and simultaneously bonding fibrous material |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2337703A1 (en) * | 1976-01-08 | 1977-08-05 | Jaskowski Michael | Consolidation of nonwoven inorganic fibrous insulation - by heat shrunk fibres to avoid extraneous solvents or prolonged hot curing |
-
1939
- 1939-06-19 US US280016A patent/US2336797A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1940
- 1940-04-23 FR FR865107D patent/FR865107A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2464301A (en) * | 1943-12-18 | 1949-03-15 | American Viscose Corp | Textile fibrous product |
US2476283A (en) * | 1945-01-09 | 1949-07-19 | American Viscose Corp | Textile products and methods of producing them |
US2476282A (en) * | 1945-01-09 | 1949-07-19 | American Viscose Corp | Textile products and production thereof |
US2484787A (en) * | 1945-03-14 | 1949-10-11 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Battery separator |
US2550650A (en) * | 1945-09-19 | 1951-04-24 | Orlan M Arnold | Process of producing a plastic composition from waste nylon fibers |
US2497117A (en) * | 1946-01-23 | 1950-02-14 | Dreyfus Camille | Method of surface-bonding fibrous batts |
US2531931A (en) * | 1946-06-01 | 1950-11-28 | Arkell Safety Bag Co | Composite material |
US2596364A (en) * | 1946-09-09 | 1952-05-13 | Joseph B Brennan | Method of preparing a blank for a conically shaped diaphragm |
US2640556A (en) * | 1947-07-25 | 1953-06-02 | Joseph B Brennan | Loud-speaker diaphragm and mounting |
US2646612A (en) * | 1947-08-05 | 1953-07-28 | American Viscose Corp | Liquid pick-up and transfer means |
US2521985A (en) * | 1948-09-16 | 1950-09-12 | American Felt Co | Process of making fibrous units |
US2579036A (en) * | 1948-10-11 | 1951-12-18 | Norman B Edelman | Insulation, filling, and packing |
US2695855A (en) * | 1949-11-23 | 1954-11-30 | Gustin Bacon Mfg Co | Fibrous mat |
US2774128A (en) * | 1950-11-04 | 1956-12-18 | Kendall & Co | Felt-like products |
US2774129A (en) * | 1950-11-06 | 1956-12-18 | Kendall & Co | Synthetic felts |
US2722637A (en) * | 1951-02-03 | 1955-11-01 | Joseph B Brennan | Electrolytic condensers |
US2777787A (en) * | 1952-11-15 | 1957-01-15 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Felt sheeting |
US2715591A (en) * | 1952-12-16 | 1955-08-16 | Du Pont | Sheet material |
US2715588A (en) * | 1952-12-16 | 1955-08-16 | Du Pont | Leatherlike products and preparation of same |
US2765247A (en) * | 1953-04-14 | 1956-10-02 | Du Pont | Non-woven sheet material |
US2765515A (en) * | 1953-10-07 | 1956-10-09 | H & V Specialties Co Inc | Method of making a filter for tobacco smoke |
US3016599A (en) * | 1954-06-01 | 1962-01-16 | Du Pont | Microfiber and staple fiber batt |
US2893105A (en) * | 1954-06-11 | 1959-07-07 | Du Pont | Formation of felt-like products from synthetic filaments |
DE1220141B (en) * | 1954-07-09 | 1966-06-30 | Du Pont | Process for the production of non-woven felt-like material from synthetic threads and / or fibers |
US2905585A (en) * | 1954-09-30 | 1959-09-22 | Du Pont | Self-bonded paper |
US2913512A (en) * | 1955-01-26 | 1959-11-17 | Tudor Ab | Micro-porous rubber separator for galvanic cells such as accumulators and method of manufacturing such separator |
US2958113A (en) * | 1955-02-21 | 1960-11-01 | Du Pont | Needled batt |
US3023134A (en) * | 1955-07-15 | 1962-02-27 | American Cyanamid Co | Molded articles and method of making the same |
US2909456A (en) * | 1955-07-27 | 1959-10-20 | Du Pont | Non-woven sheet material |
US2910763A (en) * | 1955-08-17 | 1959-11-03 | Du Pont | Felt-like products |
US2834730A (en) * | 1956-01-18 | 1958-05-13 | Johnson & Johnson | Filter media |
US2943013A (en) * | 1956-07-27 | 1960-06-28 | Hurlbut Paper Company | High ash content absorbent paper for the decorative laminating industry and a process for preparing the same |
US2908064A (en) * | 1956-10-31 | 1959-10-13 | Du Pont | Non-woven filamentary products and process |
US2920947A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1960-01-12 | Du Pont | Bristles for abrading surfaces |
US2821771A (en) * | 1957-04-05 | 1958-02-04 | F C Huyck & Sons | Method of making a papermaker's felt |
US3159507A (en) * | 1957-05-20 | 1964-12-01 | Comp Generale Electricite | Separator for galvanic cells |
US3093583A (en) * | 1958-10-14 | 1963-06-11 | Robert Bosch G M B H Fa | Filters and processes for manufacturing the same |
US3059311A (en) * | 1958-12-16 | 1962-10-23 | Du Pont | Stable non-woven batt of polytetrafluoroethylene fibers |
US3069017A (en) * | 1959-03-02 | 1962-12-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Depth type fibrous filter elements |
US3117056A (en) * | 1960-05-09 | 1964-01-07 | Du Pont | Conformable bulkable non-woven web |
US3143405A (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1964-08-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of producing polyamide coated glass fibers |
US3095345A (en) * | 1961-03-22 | 1963-06-25 | Riegel Paper Corp | Process for manufacturing paper from synthetic fibers |
US3186876A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1965-06-01 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Separators for electrolytic cells |
US3184373A (en) * | 1961-07-05 | 1965-05-18 | Mead Corp | Filled paper containing a mixture of resin and mucilaginous material as a retention aid and process for producing said paper |
US3229008A (en) * | 1961-12-05 | 1966-01-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for producing a polypropylene fibrous product bonded with polyethylene |
US3409497A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1968-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Adhesive sheet materials and method of making the same |
US3181225A (en) * | 1963-04-08 | 1965-05-04 | Nestor B Knoepfler | Process of resin treating a cotton batting |
US3307706A (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1967-03-07 | Kendall & Co | Milk filters |
US3272898A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1966-09-13 | Du Pont | Process for producing a nonwoven web |
US3855056A (en) * | 1969-03-19 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for producing synthetic pulp-like materials and producing synthetic papers therefrom |
US4268340A (en) * | 1973-08-05 | 1981-05-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Method of forming an absorbent article |
US3920428A (en) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-11-18 | Ethyl Corp | Filter element |
US4272264A (en) * | 1974-08-08 | 1981-06-09 | Multiform Desiccant Products, Inc. | Adsorbent package |
US4515854A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1985-05-07 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Entangled fibrous mat having good elasticity and methods for the production thereof |
US4565735A (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1986-01-21 | Huyck Corporation | Papermakers' felt |
US5047453A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1991-09-10 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for preparing moldings by compacting and simultaneously bonding fibrous material |
US4987664A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1991-01-29 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for forming an interlocked batting of carbonaceous fibers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR865107A (en) | 1941-05-14 |
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