US2455493A - Exhaust manifold - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 7, 1948.

EXHAUST MANIFOLD 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 7, 1946 7, 1948. H. JACOBS EXHAUST MANIFOLD 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 7, 1,946

Dec. 7, 1948. JACOBS 2,455,493

EXHAUS'i MANIFOLD Filed Aug. '7, 194a 4 Sheets-Sheet? ec. 7, 1948. H. JACOBS EXHAUST MANIFOLD 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 7, 1946 FIG. l4.

I! lllllllull FIG. l6.

Patented Dec. 7, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EIfliAUST MANIFOLD Harold Jacobs, Clayton, Mo. Application August 7, 1916, Serial No. 688,861

26 Claims.

This invention relates to exhaust manifolds for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines of the kind having a fluid operated turbocharger operated by the exhaust gases conducted thereto through said manifold.

The invention has for its principal object to devise a simple, strong and durable, lightweight exhaust manifold of the above type that will conduct the exhaust gases of the engine to the turbocharger therefor with a minimum amount of turbulence and frictional resistance and without the exhaust gases from one cylinder interfering with the exhaust gases from any other cylinder, thereby obtaining the maximum efliciency of the exhaust gases as a motive fluid for the turbocharger for the engine and thus increasing the horse power thereof.

Other objects are to provide for cooling the manifold by the liquid cooling medium for the engine, or by an independent source of cooling medium, or to provide for axial expansion of the manifold.

The invention consists in an exhaust manifold of the above type comprising a plurality of separate noncommunicating conduits permanently assembled in spaced parallel relation, all open at the same end for communication with the turbocharger and each communicating with a selected roup of engine cylinders.

The invention also consists in forming each of said exhaust conduits of lengths of half tube sections that are closed along their open side by flat plates welded thereto. and assembled in proper relation.

The invention also consists in mounting said tubular conduits in a tubular casing which is disposed in spaced relation thereto to form a water jacket therefor and is adapted for connection with the liquid cooling system of the engine or to an independent cooling system. The invention also consists in dispensing with the cooling jacket and in providing the exhaust conduits with axially expansible and contractible sections; and it also consists in the multi-conduit exhaust manifold and in the parts and combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur.

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a multi-conduit exhaust manifold embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of said manifold;

Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the other side thereof;

Fig. 4 is an end elevational view of the discharge end of said manifold;

Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are vertical cross-sectional views on the lines 55, 5-6, '|1, 8-8 and 9-, respectively, in Fig. 2;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a modified form of exhaust manifold;

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view of one side of the modified manifold;

Fig. 12 is a side elevational view of the other side thereof;

Fig. 13 is an end elevational view of the discharge end of said modified manifold;

Figs. 14 and 15 are vertical cross-sectional views on the lines I 4l4 and l5-I5, respectively, in Fig. 10;

Fig. 16 is a fragmentary plan view of another modified form of manifold;

Fig. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional view on the line |1--l| inF-ig. 16; and

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of one of the axially expansible and contractible manifold sections shown in Figs. 16 and 17.

In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 to 9, inclusive, illustrate a liquid cooled exhaust manifold for conducting the exhaust gases of an eight cylinder internal combustion engine (not shown) to an exhaust turbine supercharger (not shown) for supplying to said engine a greater weight of air than would normally be inducted at the prevailing atmospheric pressure. The exhaust manifold comprises a tubular outside casing A having four conduits B, C, D and E disposed therein longitudinally thereof, one above another and spaced from one another and from said casing to provide a chamber F for any suitable cooling liquid,

The outside casing or jacket A preferably comprises a flat inner side wall plate I, a flat outer side wall plate 2, a half tube top section 3 welded to the upper edges of said plates, and a half tube bottom section 4 welded to the lower edges of Said plates. The tubular casing A has a closure plate 5 welded to one end thereof. The other end portion 6 of the casing A gradually increases in width and decreases in depth and terminates at said end in a substantially rectangular section which is closed by a similarly shaped end closure plate I welded therein. The end closure plate I has openings 1 therethrough in the four corners thereof, and the four exhaust conduits B, C, D and E have the portions thereof that are located in the end portion 6 of the casing A formed to extend through said end portion and the respective openings in said closure plate and are welded in said openings and terminate at their open discharge ends in a common substantially rectangularly shaped attachment plate 8 adapted to be secured to the turbocharger with said open discharge ends in communication with the inlet opening thereof.

As shown in the drawings, each of the exhaust conduits B, C, D and E comprises a, half-round tube section 9, which is closed at the end remote from the discharge end of said conduit by a semicircular end closure plate It welded therein and is closed along its open side by a flat cover plate ll welded to the longitudinal side edges of said half-round section. The discharge end portion of each exhaust conduit gradually changes from a half-round section to a round section of substantially the same cross-sectional area as the half-round section.

The two uppermost exhaust conduits B and C are arranged in opposed spaced relation and incline downwardly from the outer side wall 2 of the casing A towards the inner side wall I thereof; and the two lowermost exhaust conduits D and E are similarly arranged, but have their fiat sides disposed in substantially horizontal planes. The uppermost exhaust conduit B terminates a considerable distance short of the closed end of the casing or jacket A, and the remainingexhaust conduits C, D and E successively increase in length towards said end of said casing.

Each of the exhaust conduits B, C, D and E is provided with two tubular inlet branch fittings l2 spaced apart longitudinally thereof. Each of the two inlet fittings l2 of each exhaust conduit inclines downwardly, outwardly and rearwardly from an opening in the engine side of said conduit through an opening in th inner wall I of the casing and is welded in said openings and terminates at its lower end in a vertical attachment flange l3 adapted to be secured to the side of the engine. The inlet end of each elbow fltting I2 is of a shape to correspond to the exhaust port attaching face of the engine and the discharge end thereof is horizontally elongated lengthwise of the conduit, the cross-sectional area of said ends being substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of said conduit.

Each of the exhaust inlet fittings H of an exhaust conduit is adapted to communicate at its fianged inlet end with the exhaust port of a selected engine cylinder. The flange I: of each exhaust inlet fitting [2 may also support the outer or inlet end of the horizontal water inlet tube ll whose inner or outer end is welded in an opening provided therefor in the inner or engine opposing side wall of the casing or jacket A.

In the manifold shown, the inlet end of each inlet tube I4 is adapted to communicate with the cooling jacket of the engine, and the jacket A of the casing has an outlet opening I5 therein that communicates with the engine cooling system whereby the cooling liquid of said system fiows through the cooling chamber F of the manifold and around the exhaust conduits therein.

As stated above, the hereinbefore described exhaust manifold is adapted for use with an eight cylinder Diesel engine, and each of the exhaust conduits is adapted to communicate through its inlet fittings l2 thereof with a different group of engine cylinders, the arrangement being such that each of the cylinders that are in communication with a particular exhaust conduit completes its cycle from air intake to exhaust without any interference from the other cylinder communicating with said conduit.

For instance, with an eight cylinder engine, whose cylinders fire at 90 degree intervals in the order of 1, 6, 2, 5, 8, 3, 7, 4, the exhaust conduit '13 is connected with the fourth and fifth cylinders, the conduit C is connected to the third and sixth cylinders, the conduit D is connected with the second and seventh cylinders, and the conduit E is connected with the first and eighth cylinders.

The hereinbefore described exhaust manifold has numerous important advantages. The manifold is made of simple and inexpensive parts that are quickly and easily welded together to form a strong and durable, lightweight construction having exhaust inlet fittings spaced apart to coincide with the cylinder spacing of the engine throughout the length of the manifold and water inlet fittingeither associated with each of said exhaust inlet fittings or placed in independent positions. Selected engine cylinders are grouped together to exhaust into certain exhaust'conduits according to the number of cylinders and the firing order thereof so that the exhaust gases from one cylinder will not interfere with the exhaust from any other cylinder connected to the same exhaust conduit. Thus, by preventing the simultaneous or overlapping exhaust of a plurality of cylinders into a common exhaust conduit, the exhaust gases are conducted to the turbocharger with a maximum amount of pressure fluctuation, but with a minimum amount of turbulence, frictional resistance and interference, thereby obtaining the maximum efficiency of the exhaust gases for operating the turbocharger. This turbulence and frictional resistance is further reduced by reason of the substantially straight exhaust conduits and by maintaining a substantially constant cross-sectional area throughout the entire length of the exhaust conduits and their inlet fittings. The cooling chamber of the manifold is so constructed that the cooling liquid flows through said chamber and around all of the exhaust conduits, thus preventing pressure knocks, heat distortion of the manifold, and maintaining the exhaust gases at a temperature best suited for operating the turbocharger at maximum efficiency.

Figs. 10 to 15, inclusive, illustrate an exhaust manifold for a six cylinder engine. This manifold comprises a tubular outside casing A of circular section having two exhaust conduits B and C of semicircular section disposed therein, substantially concentric therewith and spaced therefrom to form a chamber F for the cooling fluid.

The two semicircular or half-round exhaust conduits B and C are arranged with their flat sides vertical and in opposed spaced horizontal relation to form a passage therebetween for the cooling fiuid in the chamber F The cylindrical outside casing or jacket A comprises two semicircular or half tube sections 3' that are welded together along their adjacent longitudinal edges. The casing A has a closure plate 5 which is welded to one end thereof and has a water inlet opening H therein; and said casing terminates at its opposite end in a conical or fiared portion 6 which is closed by a circular end closure plate I welded therein. This end closure plate has two circular openings 1 therethrough; and the portions of the two conduits that extend through said flared end portions gradually change from a semicircular cross section to a circular cross section and are formed .to enter said holes and are welded therein. The cross-sectional area of the circular end portions of each of the exhaust conduits is substantially the same as the cross-sectional area ofthe semicircular portion thereof. The conduit 3 extends from the flared end I of the casin A to a point substantially midway of the length The flared portion 8' of the casing A has a water outlet opening It therein. Each of said conduits comprises a half-round tube section 9 which is closed at the end remote from its discharge end by a welded closure plate Illand along its open side by a flat cover plate ll' welded to its longitudinal side edges.

Each of the exhaust conduits B and C is provided with three inlet fittings I! that are spaced apart longitudinally thereof. Each of the fittings i2 is in the form of an elbow which curves outwardly and rearwardly from the engine opposing side of the manifold to maintain as smooth a flow of the exhaust gases as possible and terminates at its outer or inlet end in an attachment flange I3 adapted to be secured to an engine cylinder in communication with the exhaust chamber thereof. The exhaust inlet fittings l2 extend from openings in the engine sides of the two exhaust conduits B and C through openings in the engine side of the casing A and are welded in said openings. The inlet end of each exhaust inlet fitting i2 is of an appropriate shape and the discharge end thereof is horizontally elongated lengthwise of the conduit, the cross-sectional area of said fitting at each of said ends and through its entire passage being substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of the exhaust port of the engine.

Each of the two exhaust conduits is adapted to communicate through the three inlet fittings thereof with a selected group of three of the six engine cylinders so that there is no objectionable interference in the exhaust periods of the three cylinders that communicate with said conduit. In the construction illustrated, the short conduit B communicates with the first, second and third cylinders of the engine and the long conduit C communicates with the fourth, fifth and sixth cylinders. The six exhaust inlet fittings H are equally spaced apart longitudinally of the casing A of the manifold, the three inlet fittings of the long exhaust conduit C communicating with the portion thereof that extends beyond the end of the short exhaust conduit '3. As shown in Figs. 10, 14 and 15 of the drawings, the exhaust inlet fittings ii" are provided with outside casings or jackets l2 which form annular chambers that surround said fittings and communicate with the cooling chamber F of the manifold, the outer end of these chambers being closed by the attachment flanges I 3*.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 16,

. 17 and 18, the manifold is shown provided with two exhaust conduits B and C that are similar in shape and arrangement to the conduits shown in Figs. 10 to 15, inclusive, and are secured together in spaced relation at intervals throughout the length by spacing blocks l6 interposed between and welded to the flat cover plates ll of said conduits. In the construction shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17, however, the outside casing or Jacket is dispensed with and the axial expansion of each exhaust conduit, due to the heat of the exhaust gases passing therethrough, is accommodated by means of one or more circumferentially corrugated expansion sections ll of semicircular cross section which are incorporated in and form portions of said conduit.

. 6 Obviously, the hereinbeiore described exhaust manifold constructions admit of considerable modification without departing from the invention.- Therefore, I do not wish to be limited to the precise arrangements shown and described.

WhatIclaim is:

1. An exhaust manifold-for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of separate conduits disposed side by side and closed at one end of said manifold and open at the other or discharge end thereof, each of said conduits having a plurality of inlet branches, each inlet branch being adapted for connection with the exhaust port of one of a selected group of cylinders of said engine.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said conduits includes an axially expansible section, the conduits having ends provided with rigid connecting means to establish immovable connections, and the expansible sections being disposed between said ends.

3. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein all of said conduits are mounted in a common casing in spaced relation thereto and to one another with their discharge ends extending through the corresponding end of said casing, all of said branches being interconnected into the conduits on the same side of the manifold.

4. An exhaust manifold of the kind used with multi-cylinder internal combustion engines for conveying the exhaust gases thereof to a turbocharger therefor for operating the latter, said.

manifold comprising a plurality of substantially parallel conduits each having one end closed and having the other or discharge end open and adapted for connection with said turbocharger, each of said conduits having a plurality of inlet branches, each adapted for connection withthe exhaust port of one of a selected group of cylinders of said engine.

5. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits is of substantially semicircular cross section, the diametrica] sides of the conduits being disposed in adjacent relation, whereby a pair of said conduits has an over-all cross section that is generally round.

6. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits is of substantially semicircular cross section except at its discharge end where it changes into substantially circular cross section, for connection with tubular piping.

7. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits is of substantially semicircular cross section except at its discharge end where it changes into substantially circular cross section for connection with tubular piping, the semicircular and circular portions of said conduits being all of approximately equal cross-sectional area.

8. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits is of substantially semi circular cross section except at its discharge end where it changes into substantially circular cross section for connection with tubular pipin and said conduits and said inlet branches are al1 of approximately equal cross-sectional area.

9. The combination set forth in claim 4 Wherein each of said conduits is of substantially semicircular cross section except at its discharge and where it changes into substantially circular cross section, the semicircular and circular portions of said conduits are of approximately equal crosssectional area, the inlet end of each of said inlet branches is of substantially the same cross section as the exhaust port of the engine, the cross-sectional area of said end of said branches being in predetermined proportion to the cross-sectional area of the conduit supplied thereby and all of said conduits terminate at their exhaust ends in a common flange adapted for attachment to said turbocharger. s

10. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein all of said conduits are enclosed in a liquid-tight casing with their discharge ends projecting from one end thereof and with their branches projecting from one side thereof, and said conduits are spaced apart relative to each other and to said casing.

11. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein an of said conduits are enclosed in a casing and are spaced apart relative thereto and to each other with their dischargeends projecting from one end of said casing and with their branches projecting from one side thereof and said casing has inlet and outlet openings adapted for connection with an external liquid cooling system.

12. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein all of said conduits are enclosed in a casing and are spaced apart relative thereto and to each other, said casing has inlet and outlet openings adapted for connection with the liquid cooling system of said engine, and all of said conduits have their discharge ends disposed exteriorly of said casing and connected by a common attachment flange adapted for connection to said turbocharger.

- 13. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits comprises a semicircular tube section and a plate secured to said semicircular tube section for closing the open side thereof, the plate sections of two adjacent conduits being disposed in adjacent relationship, whereby the over-all cross section of said two conduits is generally circular.

14. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein each of said conduits includes an axially expansible section, each conduit having ends provided with means to establish immovable connections, and the expansible sections being between said ends.

15. An exhaust manifold of the kind used with multicylinder internal combustion engines for conveying the exhaust gases thereof to a turbocharger therefor for operating the latter, said manifold comprising a tubular outside casing having inlet and outlet openings adapted for connection with the liquid cooling system of said engine, and a plurality of conduits disposed in said casing longitudinally thereof, each having one end closed and the other or discharge end open and extending through the closed end of said casing for connection with said turbocharger, each of said conduits having a plurality of inlet branches spaced apart longitudinally thereof that extend through one side of said casing and are each adapted for connection with one of a selected group of cylinders of said engine.

16. The combination set forth in claim 15 wherein all of said conduits are of substantially semicircular cross section and of approximately equal cross-sectional area, two adjacent conduits having their diametrical faces adjacent each other.

17. The combination set forth in claim 15 wherein all of said conduits are of substantially semicircular cross section and of approximately equal cross-sectional area, and each of said conduits comprises a substantially semicircular tubular section and a plate secured thereto for closing the open side thereof, two adjacent conduits having their plate sides adjacent.

18. An exhaust manifold of the kind used with multicylinder internal combustion engines for conveying the exhaust gases thereof to a turbocharger therefor for operating the latter, said manifold comprising a tubular outside casing having inlet and outlet openings adapted for connection with the liquid cooling system of said engine, and two conduits of substantially semicircular cross section disposed in said casin longitudinally thereof with their diametrical faces adjacent each other, each having one end closed and the other or discharge end open and extending through the corresponding end of said casing for connection with said turbocharger, each of said conduits having a plurality of inlet branches that extend through one side of said casing and are each adapted for connection with one of a selected group of engine cylinders.

19. The combination set forth in claim 18 wherein said two semicircular conduits are spaced from the sides and closed end of said casing and have their curved sides disposed substantially concentric therewith and their flat sides disposed in opposed spaced relation.

20. An exhaust manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising a plurality of conduits, each having more than one port for connection with more than one cylinder, the conduits being elongated and overlapping in a side by side relationship to provide a group arrangement, all of the ports being at the same side of the group, adjacent sides of two conduits having complementary shape, and being spaced from one another for affording space for a cooling medium therebetween.

21. An exhaust manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising a plurality of conduits, each having more than one port for connection with more than one cylinder, the conduits being elongated and overlapping in a side by side relationship to provide a group arrangement, all of the ports being at the same side of the group, two adjacent conduits having their facing sides of complementary shape and spaced from each other, and their remote sides curved, whereby the two together have an over-all cross section that is generally in the form of a divided tube.

22. An exhaust manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising a plurality of conduits, each having more than one port for connection with more than one cylinder, the conduits being elongated and overlapping in a side by side relationship to provide a group arrangement, all of the ports being at the same side of the group, each of two adjacent conduits having a half tubular cross section with one side flat, the two flat sides facing each other.

23. A manifold for a multicylinder engine, comprising at least two conduits overlapping in sideby-side relationship, each conduit comprising a half tubular section, with one side semicircular and the joining side flat, the two sections being grouped with their flat sides adjacent and their semicircular sides remote from each other, means holding the two conduits fixed together in said positions, each conduit having at least two ports. all of the ports extending from the same side of the manifold.

24. In a manifold for a multicylinder engine. of at least eight cylinders, at least four conduits, arranged in side by side pairs, and the pairs being arranged in a side by side group, each conduit of a pair having its side adiacent its mate complementary to the corresponding side of its mate, and its remote side curved, the pairs being arranged in superposed relationship, and each conduit having at least two ports, all of the ports of the four conduits extending from the same side of the manifold.

25. In a manifold for a multicylinder engine, of at least eight cylinders, at least four conduits, arranged in side by side pairs, and the pairs being arranged in a side by side group, each conduit of a pair having its side adjacent its mate complementary to the corresponding side of its mate, and its remote side curved, the pairs being arranged in superposed relationship, and each conduit having at least two ports, all of the ports of the four conduits extending from the same side of the manifold, said pairs of conduits being arranged with their adjacent faces previously described, extending substantially in a direction toward said ports.

26. In a manifold for a multicylinder engine, of at least eight cylinders, at least four conduits, arranged in side by side pairs, and the pairs being arranged in a side by side group, each conduit of may be directed toward aligned cylinder openings of the engine.

HAROLD JACOBS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,141,067 Lloyd May 25, 1915 1,165,449 Rietz Dec. 28, 1915 2,423,574 Barrett July 8, 1947

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